CN1438164A - Operation method for working position of textile machine for making cross-winding bobbin, and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Operation method for working position of textile machine for making cross-winding bobbin, and apparatus thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1438164A
CN1438164A CN02156310.1A CN02156310A CN1438164A CN 1438164 A CN1438164 A CN 1438164A CN 02156310 A CN02156310 A CN 02156310A CN 1438164 A CN1438164 A CN 1438164A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bobbin
yarn
bank
cross winding
carrying roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN02156310.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
F·-J·弗拉姆
W·-M·鲁
P·施瓦茨
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
W Schlafhorst AG and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by W Schlafhorst AG and Co filed Critical W Schlafhorst AG and Co
Publication of CN1438164A publication Critical patent/CN1438164A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H63/00Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
    • B65H63/02Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material
    • B65H63/024Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials
    • B65H63/036Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the combination of the detecting or sensing elements with other devices, e.g. stopping devices for material advancing or winding mechanism
    • B65H63/0364Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the combination of the detecting or sensing elements with other devices, e.g. stopping devices for material advancing or winding mechanism by lifting or raising the package away from the driving roller
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H67/00Replacing or removing cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out, winding, or depositing stations
    • B65H67/08Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements
    • B65H67/081Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements acting after interruption of the winding process, e.g. yarn breakage, yarn cut or package replacement
    • B65H67/085Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements acting after interruption of the winding process, e.g. yarn breakage, yarn cut or package replacement end-finding at the take-up package, e.g. by suction and reverse package rotation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Replacing, Conveying, And Pick-Finding For Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for operating a workstation of a cheese-producing textile machine, having a pivotably seated creel for rotatably maintaining a cheese, a bobbin drive arranged on the creel, a support roller, which during the winding operation is driven by the cheese by frictional contact, a separate yarn traversing arrangement, as well as a device for raising the creel in case of a yarn break or a defined cleaning cut. In accordance with the present invention it is provided that following a yarn break or a defined cleaning cut, the cheese, which is maintained in the creel and rotated in the unwinding direction by the bobbin drive, and the support roller are sufficiently spaced apart long enough for a suction nozzle to pick up a top yarn required for a subsequent yarn splicing process. The invention also relates to a apparatus for apply aforementioned method.

Description

The method of operation and the device of a control position of the weaving loom of manufacturing cross winding bobbin
The present invention relates to a kind of method of operation and a kind of device as claimed in claim 5 of a control position of the weaving loom as claim 1 manufacturing cross winding bobbin as described in the preamble.
About making the weaving loom of cross winding bobbin, there have been many kinds to be suitable for that yarn is put heap with fiber intersection shop so far and folded to a method and apparatus on the doff bobbin.Also known in addition multiple for example in when broken string or in controlled clearing operation, can get the device of next cross winding bobbin from a driven bobbin rotary drum.
For example in DE 198 17 363 A1, described a kind of spinning apparatus, wherein used such bobbin rotary drum as yarn-changing mechanism.The bobbin rotary drum that is provided with the guide groove drives cross winding bobbin between the arm that is rotatably supported in a bobbin bank by frictional connection simultaneously.
When broken string or in certain clearing operation, at first take off bobbin bank, thereby cross winding bobbin is taken off from the bobbin rotary drum.Cross winding bobbin and bobbin rotary drum are all braked stopped status then.The end of a thread of (Oberfaden) of reaching the standard grade this moment drops on the surface of cross winding bobbin of positive doff.
In order to reset the doff process, this is reached the standard grade and picks up, cleans and be connected with so-called rolling off the production line (Unterfaden) in a Yarn connecting device by a suction yarn mouth.In other words, at first cross winding bobbin drops to once more on the bobbin rotary drum and by the bobbin rotary drum and slowly rotates along unreeling direction.In addition, an effect has the suction yarn mouth of negative pressure to forward the surperficial position of cross winding bobbin simultaneously to.Inhale that the yarn mouth is pneumatically picked up the end of a thread and with in its Yarn connecting device of packing into, as previously mentioned, this end of a thread here with following wire joint.
In the another kind of form of implementation of the doff device of describing in DE 100 37 833 A1 for example, it is to be driven directly in the process at cross winding bobbin to finish by a so-called finger-type thread-carrier that yarn is changed.In other words, two rotatable one of bobbin dishes in the bobbin bank that are supported on directly are connected with the actuator of a rotating speed adjustable.In this form of implementation, cross winding bobbin is positioned in the doff operating process on the carrying roller that can rotate freely supporting, and this carrying roller is driven by frictional connection by cross winding bobbin.
When broken string or in certain clearing operation, as is well known, at first rise bobbin bank, cross winding bobbin has the bobbin actuator of braking current to brake stopped status by effect.In promoting the intersected coiled bobbin subprocess, also pass through special mechanism brake carrier roller simultaneously.
In above-mentioned protected right, do not point out, by inhale the yarn mouth pick up drop on cross winding bobbin lip-deep in the line process bobbin bank or cross winding bobbin where be positioned at.Therefore can infer that cross winding bobbin is carved as usual at this moment is positioned on the carrying roller again.
As described in starting, cross winding bobbin there is multiple form of implementation from its bobbin rotary drum or from the mechanism that its carrying roller takes off thereby be used to promote bobbin bank.
For example described an a kind of control position of weaving loom in DE 195 34 333 A1, its doff device has a bobbin rotary drum and a so-called bobbin bank discharging gear.This known bobbin bank discharging gear is equipped with a damper cylinder, and this damper cylinder can load pressurized air clearly by a controollable electromagnetic valve where necessary, and bobbin bank rises and makes cross winding bobbin take off from the bobbin rotary drum then.Because cross winding bobbin can only rotate along unreeling direction by the bobbin rotary drum, this is undoubtedly necessaryly to picking up to reach the standard grade, so in a single day cross winding bobbin is braked stopped status and just dropped on the bobbin rotary drum again.
Described an a kind of control position of weaving loom in addition in DE 198 17 363 A1, its doff device has a bobbin rotary drum and a bobbin bank, and this bobbin bank can promote by a so-called torquer.On this torquer, connected an actuator, preferably a stepper motor.Can regulate actuator and clear and definite locked-in torque transmitter by corresponding stepping in case of necessity, give bobbin bank thereby send a torque by torquer.In other words, by clearly introducing this torque, cross winding bobbin can advantageously take off from the bobbin rotary drum.In this known mechanisms, as previously mentioned, cross winding bobbin on picking up, also be positioned on the bobbin rotary drum in the line process and by this bobbin drum rotating to unreeling direction.
From above-mentioned prior art, task of the present invention provides a kind of method and a kind of device, guarantee the surface handle cross winding bobbin in good condition, especially after picking up broken string back or certain clearing operation, drop on cross winding bobbin lip-deep in the line process.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned task is finished by the described a kind of method of claim 1 and claim 5 or 7 described a kind of devices.
The preferred implementing form of the inventive method is described in dependent claims 2 to 4.
The favourable design plan of apparatus of the present invention is contents of claim 6.
Method of the present invention has the following advantages especially: finally avoided dropping on lip-deep the reaching the standard grade of cross winding bobbin and may be rolled in this surface behind broken string or after certain clearing operation.
In other words, there is not physics to contact in sensing surface unloading and the maintenance to cross winding bobbin immediately behind the broken string or after certain clearing operation with carrying roller up to restarting the doff process.When cross winding bobbin when unreeling direction slowly rotates, contact with the entity of carrying roller especially and to pick up in the line process and also avoided by inhaling the yarn mouth.Even guaranteed under the problematic situation of yarn, to reach the standard grade also and can pneumatically handle by inhaling the yarn mouth all the time in simple mode by method of the present invention, and can as the past is recurrent, not be reduced in the surface of cross winding bobbin, thereby can't pick up by inhaling the yarn mouth again.
As described in claim 2, in a kind of preferred implementing form, bobbin bank is thus lifted at least in the line process on picking up and reaches a minor increment between intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface and corresponding carrying roller.Bobbin bank remains to the doff process in the position of this protection intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface always and restarts.
In another kind of form of implementation as claimed in claim 3, also can set so certainly: in when broken string or be not to promote bobbin bank but reduce carrying roller and pick up the position that remains on this reduction in the line process in certain clearing operation always.Equally, in this form of implementation, between intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface and carrying roller, also reach a minor increment at least.
As described in claim 4, also can on picking up, locate bobbin bank by inhaling the yarn mouth in the line process, make the intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface obviously certain distance be arranged with corresponding carrying roller.By changing, can adjust the hunting position (Fadensuchposition) of inhaling the yarn mouth up to restart this distance that the doff process keeps always.In other words, the described method of claim 4 makes the best hunting position of the current relatively yarn parameter of independent adjustment become possibility.
As described in claim 5, a kind of preferred implementing form that is used to implement the inventive method and device is, has a mechanism, and in this mechanism, bobbin bank can load by a so-called torquer.At this moment, the torquer that is connected in the bobbin bank rotating shaft can clearly be regulated by an actuator, thereby provides the torque that can be scheduled to bobbin bank.
Can preferably be slightly larger than the reactive torque that calculates that is produced by bobbin bank deadweight and current bobbin weight by the torque that torquer is guided on the bobbin bank.
As described in claim 6, the actuator that is used for torquer is stepper motor preferably.This stepper motor is because its structure construction can be regulated thereby the torque of regulating action to the bobbin bank delicately by small step very is long.In addition, this stepper motor is the batch assembly of a firm economy.
In the described another kind of form of implementation of claim 7, the lifting of bobbin bank is finished by a Pneumatic piston driving device.In preferred form of implementation, a damper cylinder that is contained in the housing of winding head is designed to and can loads pressurized air by an electromagnetic valve, and this electromagnetic valve can clearly be controlled by the winding head calculator.This damper cylinder upgrades bobbin bank where necessary and bobbin bank is remained on this position and restarts up to the doff process.
Other details of the present invention can draw from following embodiment by the accompanying drawing description.
Be illustrated as:
Fig. 1 is a doff device, has one and is integrated in bobbin actuator in the bobbin bank and one and is used for this locational torquer that cross winding bobbin is taken off and keeps cross winding bobbin to take off from carrying roller at it from carrying roller,
Fig. 2 is the another kind of form of implementation of doff device, has a damper cylinder, and this damper cylinder drops on cross winding bobbin and cross winding bobbin taken off and remain on this position from carrying roller in the line process the doff process on lip-deep picking up.
Embodiment shown in Figure 1 shows first kind of form of implementation of a control position of a kind of weaving loom of making cross winding bobbin.This control position 1 has a winding head housing 2 as everyone knows, but a bobbin bank 5 and carrying roller 3 of free rotary ground supporting are housed on this housing swingably.
Can around a rotating shaft 6 within the specific limits the bobbin bank 5 of rotating support have two bobbin booms 7 and 8 here usually, it has the bobbin dish of a rotatable support respectively.As shown in the figure, between the bobbin dish, be fixed with a bobbin, yarn can doff to this bobbin to form a cross winding bobbin 4.
In addition, integrated bobbin actuator 20 in one of bobbin boom 7,8 of bobbin bank 5, this bobbin actuator affacts a bobbin dish that is attached thereto of bobbin bank 5, thus direct drive cross winding bobbin 4.Cross winding bobbin 4 itself drives carrying roller 3 by frictional connection simultaneously.
The torquer of an integral body with label 30 marks arranged in the rotating shaft 6 of bobbin bank 5.In the illustrated embodiment, this torquer 30 also has rotating shaft 6 antitorque bonded assembly terminal pads 9.Also supported a gear 10 in rotating shaft 6 in addition, this gear is rotatable with rotating shaft 6 coaxial and relative these rotating shafts.Terminal pad 9 has the connecting pin 11 that points to gear 10, and gear 10 has the connecting pin 12 of corresponding sensing terminal pad 9.Being connected with spring installation between the connecting pin 12 of the connecting pin 11 of terminal pad 9 and gear 10, is coil spring 13 in this example.Reversal deformation when coil spring 13 rotates between gear 10 and terminal pad 9 relatively, thus constitute force transmission element.
The gear 10 of rotatable supporting is meshed with a miniature gears 14 of a transmission system, and the external tooth wheel rim 15 of transmission system is connected to an actuator 17 preferably on stepper motor by a driver pinion 16.Because driver pinion 16, external tooth wheel rim 15 and miniature gears 14 can be rotated to support on the winding head housing 2, therefore can be delivered on the gear 10 with 1: 25 ratio by arbitrary for example rotatablely move that transmission system will be fixed on stepper motor 17 on the bobbin position housing 2, stepper motor 17 for example can be designed to single step grow up be about 1.8 the degree, it can be by a pilot 19 controls of a winding head calculator 18, therefore can implement a predetermined turn revolution or the single step of predetermined number, these single steps produce a torque M by the torquer on the bobbin bank 5 30 AufAs can be seen from Figure 1, control position 1 also has sensor 23 and 24, and it links to each other with winding head calculator 18 equally by corresponding signal wires 25,26.By the rotating speed of these sensor 23,24 sustainable acquisition cross winding bobbins 4 and the revolution of carrying roller 3.Bobbin calculator 18, calculate actual torque M from these data and known machine construction data and current yarn parameter Ab, this actual torque is produced by the bobbin weight of current cross winding bobbin 4 and the weight of bobbin bank 5.
As shown in the figure, control position 1 also has a yarn-changing mechanism 21 and a suction yarn mouth 50.This yarn-changing mechanism 21 that for example is designed to the finger-type thread-carrier all is known with being used to pick up the suction yarn mouth 50 that drops on cross winding bobbin 4 lip-deep the end of a thread the same.Therefore this two kinds of mechanisms no longer are described in detail in detail below.
Fig. 2 shows the lateral plan of another kind of form of implementation of a control position of a kind of weaving loom of making cross winding bobbin, and wherein the corresponding member of member among all and Fig. 1 is all used same Reference numeral.As shown in the figure, with this control position of label 1 mark a winding head housing 2 being arranged also, is the view that partially opens among the figure.On winding head housing 2, support one usually through the rotatable within the specific limits bobbin bank 5 of rotating shaft 6, and in rotatable bobbin dish, fixing a cross winding bobbin 4 between bobbin boom 7 and 8.With embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 the same, also be that one of bobbin dish is directly loaded by a bobbin actuator 20 here.As shown in the figure also can be from embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 known, cross winding bobbin 4 leans against in the doff process on the carrying roller 3 and by frictional connection and drives this carrying roller.
In the rotating shaft 6 of bobbin bank 5, be fixed with one first lever piece 28 of integral body with a bobbin bank discharging gear of 40 marks antitorquely.This lever piece 28 here also links to each other with the piston rod head 27 of damper cylinder 29 by a connecting pin 22.In addition, be fixed with a tooth section 32 by bolt 31 on lever piece 28, it and a respective teeth section 33 mesh.Tooth section 33 itself is fixed on one second lever piece 34, and this lever piece is bearing on the winding head housing 2 within the specific limits rotatably by a rotating shaft 37.
Lever piece 34 is through a load maintainer 39, and preferably an extension spring is connected on the adjustment (adjusting) lever 41.Here, at position W, M, adjustable adjustment (adjusting) lever 41 makes the theoretical cop compactness of clearly being scheduled to cross winding bobbin 4 become possibility between the H.
As shown in Figure 2, be used for receiving a compressed air source 44 by a pneumatic line 46 that wherein is connected with an electromagnetic valve 43 at the damper cylinder 29 of doff process cross winding bobbin 4 shockproof runnings.The electromagnetic valve 43 that is preferably two position two-way valve can be clear and definite controlled from winding head calculator 18 by a pilot 45, and be used for bobbin bank 5 is put the end of a thread take-off location I and remained on this position at control position shown in Figure 2.In this so-called hunting position, the surface of cross winding bobbin 4 and carrying roller 3 obviously have certain distance.
Be that example is described method of the present invention with doff device shown in Figure 1 below.
When broken string in the doff process, occurring or when a yarn clearer (not shown) had started a controlled clearing operation, winding head calculator 18 at first drove stepper motor 17, thereby acts on torque M on the bobbin bank 5 immediately through torquer 30 AufThis torque M AufBeing used to make bobbin bank 5 slightly upwards to swing takes off cross winding bobbin 4 simultaneously from carrying roller 3.Simultaneously, effect one braking current makes cross winding bobbin 4 brake stopped status thus on bobbin actuator 20.Here torque M AufSize preferably make and adjust to a minor increment a between cross winding bobbin 4 and the carrying roller 3 at least.Cross winding bobbin 4 remains positioned in this position that is close to carrying roller 3 tops, until the doff process begins.In other words, after cross winding bobbin 4 took off, a common suction yarn mouth 50 was put cross winding bobbin 4 at surperficial position, and this cross winding bobbin also rotates along unreeling direction R lentamente by bobbin actuator 20.Effect has its inlet of suction yarn mouth 50 usefulness of negative pressure to pick up to drop on cross winding bobbin 4 lip-deep reaching the standard grade.Remove defective yarn segment by (unshowned) yarn cutting device in case of necessity and reaching the standard grade of will removing delivered to (unshowned) Yarn connecting device by corresponding swing, here reach the standard grade and so-called time wire joint.Here be ready to by a so-called pincers cop (Greiferrohr) as is well known from rolling off the production line of feeding bobbin cop that is positioned at winding head, this pincers cop for example picks up from a yarn tensioner and rolls off the production line and draw yarn equally to the Yarn connecting device.
After two the end of a thread are spliced, begun conventional doff process again.In other words, cross winding bobbin 4 green phases answer controlling torque transmitter 30 to drop to again on the carrying roller 3, then bobbin actuator 20 startings.4 of cross winding bobbins driven, that lean against on the carrying roller 3 with certain contact pressure drive carrying roller 3 with frictional connection.
Same method can be used under the employing doff device situation as shown in Figure 2.
In this doff device,, at first activate electromagnetic valve 43 through pilot 45 by winding head calculator 18 when when broken string or when carrying out the clearing operation.In other words, the electromagnetic valve 43 that is preferably designed as two position two-way valve slides into control position shown in Figure 2, and in this position, the annular space of damper cylinder 46 pneumatically links to each other with compressed air source 44 by the road usually.The piston rod that moves in the damper cylinder 29 is then swung bobbin bank 7 by lever piece 28 along the S direction, is positioned at the yarn take-off location I shown in the dotted line up to bobbin bank 7.
Connect braking current by bobbin actuator 20 simultaneously, cross winding bobbin 4 is braked stopped status.Then, as normal conditions, by the surperficial position that the suction yarn mouth 50 shown in the dotted line is put the cross winding bobbin 4 that is positioned at yarn take-off location I, cross winding bobbin 4 slowly rotates along unreeling direction R by bobbin actuator 20.
Inhale yarn mouth 50 with its effect have the inlet of negative pressure to grasp to drop on cross winding bobbin 4 lip-deep reach the standard grade and clean and with it as the front by the described Yarn connecting device of delivering to embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, in this device, reach the standard grade and following wire joint.
Then, in order to restart the doff process, damper cylinder 29 is linked passive state, and cross winding bobbin 4 drops to again on the carrying roller 3 thus, 20 startings of bobbin actuator.

Claims (7)

1. make the method for operation of a control position of the weaving loom of cross winding bobbin, the bobbin bank that this control position has a turntable supporting is used for cross winding bobbin of rotatable support, one and is contained in carrying roller that bobbin actuator on the bobbin bank, one drive through wipe contact by cross winding bobbin in the doff operating process, independent yarn-changing mechanism and one when being used at broken string or promote the mechanism of bobbin bank in certain clearing operation, it is characterized in that
Behind the broken string or after the clearing operation, remain in the bobbin bank and keep certain distance by the bobbin actuator at least along cross winding bobbin and the carrying roller of unreeling direction rotation, pick up subsequently required the reaching the standard grade of Yarn connecting operation up to suction yarn mouth.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bobbin bank is thus lifted at least in the yarn pick process and reaches a minor increment between intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface and carrying roller.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carrying roller is thus lifted at least in the yarn pick process and reaches a minor increment between intersected coiled bobbin sub-surface and carrying roller.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, bobbin bank picks up and remains on one in the yarn process and with carrying roller the position of obvious distance is arranged inhaling the yarn mouth, and this position is the hunting position an of the best to current yarn parameter.
5. be used to implement the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, each control position (1) has a mechanism that is used to promote bobbin bank (5), there is a torquer (30) that is connected with the rotating shaft (6) of bobbin bank (5) in this mechanism, and this torquer can clearly be controlled by a corresponding driving part (17).
6. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, actuator (17) is a stepper motor.
7. be used to implement the device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, each control position (1) has a mechanism that is used to promote bobbin bank (5), this mechanism has a damper cylinder (29) that is connected with the rotating shaft (6) of bobbin bank (5), and this damper cylinder (29) is clearly loaded by winding head calculator (18) by an electromagnetic valve (43).
CN02156310.1A 2002-02-15 2002-12-13 Operation method for working position of textile machine for making cross-winding bobbin, and apparatus thereof Pending CN1438164A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10206288.9 2002-02-15
DE10206288A DE10206288A1 (en) 2002-02-15 2002-02-15 Textile machine work-station for cross-wound bobbin, has support roller and bobbin swivel arm lifted during break repair

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1438164A true CN1438164A (en) 2003-08-27

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US (1) US20030173447A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003261265A (en)
CN (1) CN1438164A (en)
DE (1) DE10206288A1 (en)

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