CN1429261A - 准不可压缩和低导热性相变材料的制备方法和用该方法制得的产品 - Google Patents
准不可压缩和低导热性相变材料的制备方法和用该方法制得的产品 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements
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Abstract
本申请涉及基于相变材料的准不可压缩和低导热性材料的制备方法、由该方法制得的产品及其用途。本发明方法包括将液态相变材料与在该相变材料熔化温度之上的温度能大大降低热对流的增稠剂混合。按上述组成形成的材料具有胶凝化结构或是胶体型分散体系。所述的相变材料是烷烃类化合物(如链烷烃、蜡、脂肪醇、脂肪酸等)的混合物,而所述的增稠剂可以是有机物质(如芳族脲)、有机金属物质(碱金属皂或碱土金属皂)或纯无机物质(如二氧化硅、亲油性的硅铝酸盐如膨润土)。形成的材料可用于容器或管道,特别是输送烃的管道的绝热。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于相变材料的准不可压缩和低导热性材料的制备方法、用该方法制得的产品及其用途。
背景技术
本发明的材料可在许多领域中用作绝热材料,特别可用作输送在温度作用下状态会起很大变化(如链烷烃的结晶、水合物的沉积、结冰等现象)流体的管道的绝热材料。
例如在烃生产领域中,为了保持流体流动良好以及尽可能防止水合物、富链烷烃或富沥青烯沉积物的生成,对海底管道进行绝热在许多情况下是必需的。开发深海油田通常会出现这些问题。而在生产停止时,这些问题是特别麻烦的。
各种绝热技术记载在例如如下文献中:FR-98/16,791、JP-2,176,299或WP-97/47,174中。
绝热可用各种方法获得。能阻止低导热性气体对流的泡沫状或毛状多孔固体材料可用于岸边或浅水中。由于这些多孔材料具有可压缩性,所以这种技术无法应用于较深的海域中。
另一种已知的技术,是使用第一层浸渍有链烷烃的多孔材料(其绝热系数例如低于用上述包含气泡的材料获得的绝热系数)和能加增强第一层效果的第二层耐火材料来包覆管道。然而,这种方案不能应用于水中。
其它的方案更适用于较大的浸水深度。例如可使用如下材料:
-用基于聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等准不可压缩的本体聚合材料制成的涂层,然而这类涂层具有不算小的导热性,不足以防止生产停止时出现的问题,或
-由嵌入在混凝土、环氧树脂之类粘结料中许多内含气体,能耐外压的合成材料小空心球构成的涂层。这类涂层的导热性虽低于致密材料,但它要贵得多。
输送流体的管道也可用能耐水静压的外管保护。在两个管道之间的环状空间内,例如可置入处于常压或真空的低导热性绝热材料,同时出于安全原因按一定间隔置有一些隔板。
同样已知的是,在管道和可变形保护覆盖层之间,置以包覆着管道的用准不可压缩液/固相变材料浸渍的吸收性基质,此浸渍是在高于周围介质温度,但低于管道中流动的流体温度的液/固相变材料的熔化温度进行的。
相变材料(PCM)的作用象个蓄热体。它在固化(结晶)过程中可逆地释放能量,而在熔化过程中吸收能量。因此,这种材料可以延长生产停顿的持续时间,而不会由于使管道内物质过早冷却而产生管道堵塞的危险。
相变材料的已知例子是CnH2n+2烷烃类化合物,如链烷烃(C12-C60)。它能良好地在热学性质和热力学性质(熔化温度、熔化潜热、导热性、热容率)要求与成本这两方面取得平衡。这些化合物在所考虑的工作温度下是热稳定的,而且由于其水不溶性,毒性又很低而与海底环境相容。因此,它们适用于深海管道的绝热。
这些相变材料的状态变化温度与烃链中的碳原子数有关,因此可根据具体的用途进行调节。为了能在30℃左右进行相变,例如可以使用主要含C18链烷烃的混合物,如由CONDEA Augusta S.p.A公司出售的Limpar18-20。
也可考虑使用蜡、正链烷烃、支化度很小(1或2个支链)的长链异链烷烃(C30-C40)、长链支化烷基环烷烃或长链支化烷基芳烃、支化度很小的脂族醇或脂肪酸。
相变材料在熔化温度(Tf)之上是液态的,而且粘度较低。为了克服相变材料在某些用途(特别是制备双壁容器或储能鼓)上特别不利的这个缺陷,已知可以加入增稠剂如二氧化硅,从而将其固化而防止泄漏。
相变材料的另一个缺陷,是它们的粘性液态会增大对流的热量损失。
发明内容
采用本发明的方法,可以制造基于在熔化温度(Tf)以上温度导热性低的准不可压缩相变材料(PCM)的材料或产品。
此方法包括将一种相变材料与在该相变材料熔化温度之上的某个温度能大大降低热对流的增稠剂混合。
根据一个实施方案,此方法包括使用分散在所述相变材料中的增稠剂。
根据另一个实施方案,此方法包括使用能与所述相变材料形成胶凝化结构的增稠剂。
本发明基于低导热性相变材料的产品包含在该相变材料熔化温度之上的某个温度能大大降低热对流的增稠剂。
根据一个实施方案,所述产品混合地含有相变材料和至少一种金属皂。此混合是由碱作用于脂肪酸或脂肪物质获得的。
根据另一个实施方案,所述产品混合地含有相变材料和由现场中和不对称酸获得的复合铝、钙或锂皂。
根据再一个实施方案,所述的产品混合地含有相变材料和至少一种无机增稠剂(石墨、疏水硅胶、亲油性的硅铝酸盐等)。
根据还一个实施方案,所述产品混合地含有分散在相变材料中的至少一种芳族聚脲类有机或有机金属增稠剂或者有色颜料。
所述的产品可含有抗氧剂、抗菌剂、防腐蚀剂或者用来调节密度或导热性的不溶性填料、用来提高稳定性的添加剂或者用来控制粘度的溶剂。
本发明的产品一般用于绝热用途它特别适用于烃输送管道的绝热,此时它可直接涂覆在管道上或置入(注入)管道和保护性外覆盖层之间。
下面将说明本发明方法和按本发明制得的材料的其它特征和优点,以及一些应用实施例。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明方法包括将选择用来降低液态相变材料的粘度和热对流的不溶性增稠剂即胶凝剂分散在该相变材料中,从而形成具有半液体至固体稠度的对流抑制绝热材料。
形成连续相的液体组分可以是CnH2n+2烷烃类化合物如(C12-C60)链烷烃或蜡、正链烷烃、支化度很小(1或2个支链)的长链异链烷烃(C30-C40)、长链支化烷基环烷烃或长链支化烷基芳烃、脂族醇或脂肪酸的混合物。此液体组分优选占产品的70-99.5质量%。
形成分散固体相的增稠剂可以是有机物质(如芳族脲)、有机金属物质(碱金属皂或碱土金属皂)或纯无机物质(如二氧化硅、通过接枝优选含12-24个碳原子的有机链而成为亲油性的硅铝酸盐(膨润土))。
该增稠剂的形式一般是纤维、晶体、薄片或球状颗粒。它们的尺寸随其化学本性和制备方式变化很大。
获得的是胶凝化结构或分散结构的组合物,视增稠剂的本性而异。
在胶凝化结构的情况下,增稠剂的基本颗粒在产品中形成相互连接的三维网络(缠结的纤维),同时形成内部粘合强度。液态相变材料则通过毛细作用保持在网络中。
在分散结构的情况下,增稠剂的基本颗粒悬浮在相变材料中。此分散体是胶体型的。此增稠剂颗粒悬浮液的稳定性取决于增稠剂颗粒的尺寸和密度、介质的粘度,而首先取决于能使体系保持平衡的颗粒间力。
因此,其对流能抑制的相变材料的效率取决于四个主要参数:增稠剂浓度、增稠剂基本颗粒的尺寸、相变材料对增稠剂的溶解能力、分散力。这些参数的合理组合可以优化对流抑制相变材料在其熔化温度之上某个温度时的绝热能力。也可以有多种组合的。
按照增稠剂本性的一些组合物例子
1.对流抑制的相变材料可以基于金属皂:锂皂、钙皂、钠皂、铝皂、或者混合型的锂/钙皂或钙/钠皂。这些金属皂可以在液态相变材料存在的条件下,通过中和脂肪酸或者用下列的碱皂化脂肪物质制得:石灰、氢氧化锂、苏打或氢氧化铝。
2.对流抑制的相变材料也可基于在液态相变材料存在的条件下,现场中和不对称酸而制得的复合铝皂、钙皂或锂皂。
3.对流抑制的相变材料也可在没有皂的条件下,加入下列材料制成:
3a.无机增稠剂如石墨或炭黑、疏水硅胶或亲油性硅铝酸盐(蒙脱土、膨润土等);
3b.有机增稠剂或有机金属增稠剂,如对苯二甲酸钠或芳族聚脲或有色颜料(阴丹士林、酞菁铜)。
在没有皂存在的条件下制得这些组合物,是将无机或有机化合物分散在液态相变材料中形成。这些化合物在任何温度都不溶于液态相变材料。
添加剂
为了获得一些特定的性能供某些用途之用,在组合物中也可加入如下化合物:
1.可溶的添加剂
a)基本上当产物(对流抑制的相变材料)在操作过程中发生升温时,可以加入抗氧添加剂。最常用的抗氧添加剂是酚衍生物(二丁基对甲苯酚等)、含硫的酚衍生物和芳族胺(苯基胺、萘基胺或烷基二苯基胺)。这些抗氧剂通过它们对形成自由基的抑制作用或对形成的过氧化氢的破坏作用,来阻止氧化过程;
b)抗菌剂;
c)防腐蚀剂;
c1)可溶于液态相变材料中的极性化合物,这些化合物容易通过形成疏水薄膜(脂族胺、碱土金属磺酸盐等)吸附在金属表面上;
c2)水溶性并有钝化水相作用的添加剂(如亚硝酸钠);
d)有结构改性作用的极性添加剂(水、丙酮、甘油等),用来使缠结皂纤维的结构或增稠剂的结构硬化并提高相变材料中胶凝剂分散体的稳定性。
2.填料
不溶性的纤维,如空心玻璃微球、飞灰、大球、中空纤维等,可以加入到对流抑制的相变材料中,用来调节材料的密度和/或导热性。
3.溶剂
为了使对流抑制的相变材料液体化,可以使用石油烃,如由溶剂萃取法或深氢化处理法制得的含烃溶剂、馏分、主要为芳烃、萘油或链烷烃油、由石油类链烷烃的氢化异构法或Fischer-Tropsch合成法制得的溶剂或馏分、合成制得的溶剂和化合物如酯类氧化化合物、合成烃如氢化聚烯烃等。
因此,封闭对流的相变材料是含70-99.5质量%液态相变材料和0.5-30%增稠剂的组合物,其中可加入添加剂(<10%)、填料(5-60%)和溶剂(0.2-5%)。
配制实施例
由90%相变材料、9.5%锂皂和0.5%抗氧剂组成的产品,可用作对流抑制的相变材料。另一种组合物例如可含90%油、2.5%分散剂(水、丙酮、极性产物)、7%亲油的膨润土和0.5%抗氧剂。
应用
上述的对流抑制相变材料,例如可于作海底管道的绝热。
上述专利申请FR-98/16,791描述了一种用来对铺设在深海底部管道绝热的装置。该装置包括一层外涂层和尽可能紧密地包围在管道周围的吸收剂基质。管道及其外涂层置于耐变形的保护性覆盖层中。上述的外涂层由熔融温度在管道内流动物温度和外部环境温度之间的准不可压缩的液/固相变材料构成。
现有文献中所述的由浸渍了相变材料的基质构成的外涂层,宜用上述的对流抑制的相变材料代替,就可以改善对管道的绝热,并能例如通过熔化温度Tf之上的泵送来简化涂覆管道的操作。当要绝热的管道装置较复杂时,这是非常有利的。
虽然已描述了本发明材料对于输送流体(特别是烃)的管道进行绝热材料的用途,但应当清楚,这些材料也可用于其它有些热量释放时需有很低导热性的其它用途。
Claims (15)
1.基于低导热性相变材料的材料的制备方法,其特征在于它包括将相变材料与在该相变材料熔化温度之上的温度能大大降低热对流的增稠剂混合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法包括将所述的增稠剂混合分散在所述相变材料中。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法包括混合能与所述相变材料形成胶凝化结构的增稠剂。
4.基于在熔化温度之上的温度具有低导热性的相变材料的材料,其特征在于该材料混合地含有相变材料和在该相变材料熔化温度之上的温度能大大降低热对流的增稠剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述材料混合地含有相变材料和至少一种金属皂,所述的混合是由碱作用于脂肪酸或脂肪物质获得的。
6.如权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述材料混合地含有相变材料和由现场中和不对称酸获得的复合铝皂、钙皂或锂皂。
7.如权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述的材料混合地含有相变材料和至少一种无机增稠剂。
8.如权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于所述的材料混合地含有分散在相变材料中的至少一种芳族聚脲类有机或有机金属增稠剂或者有色颜料。
9.如权利要求4-8中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述材料还含有至少一种可溶性添加剂,所述的添加剂用作抗氧剂、抗菌剂、防腐蚀剂或用来对其结构进行改性的物质。
10.如权利要求4-9中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述材料还含有至少一种用来调节其密度或导热性的不溶性填料。
11.如权利要求4-10中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于所述材料还含有至少一种用来控制粘度的溶剂。
12.如权利要求4-11中任一项所述的材料在输送流体,特别是烃的管道绝热方面的用途,所述材料用来涂覆管道。
13.如权利要求4-11中任一项所述的材料在输送流体,特别是烃的管道绝热方面的用途,所述材料用来涂覆管道并置于管道与外部保护性覆盖层之间。
14.如权利要求4-11中任一项所述的材料在输送流体,特别是烃的管道绝热方面的用途,所述材料是用来注入到管道与外部保护性覆盖层之间的空间中的。
15.如权利要求4-11中任一项所述的材料在输送流体,特别是烃的深海海底管道绝热方面的用途,所述材料是注入到管道与外部保护性覆盖层之间的空间中的。
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FR0006489A FR2809115B1 (fr) | 2000-05-19 | 2000-05-19 | Procede pour fabriquer un materiau a changement de phase quasi-incompressible et a faible conductivite thermique, et produit obtenu par le procede |
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CN1322091C (zh) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | 聚乙二醇/二氧化硅复合定形相变材料的制备方法 |
CN100467565C (zh) * | 2005-05-26 | 2009-03-11 | 同济大学 | 制备有机分子合金相变储能材料的方法 |
CN103908912A (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-07-09 | 安徽明讯新材料科技有限公司 | 一种相变恒温配胶容器 |
CN114059974A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-18 | 北京大学 | 海域水合物藏径向井复合液固相变材料的防砂方法、装置及实验方法 |
CN116640366A (zh) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-08-25 | 广东力王新材料有限公司 | 一种橡胶相变材料及其制备工艺 |
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FR2840314B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-08-20 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Methode d'isolation thermique, procede de preparation d'un gel isolant et gel isolant obtenu |
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DE102010040829B4 (de) * | 2010-09-15 | 2020-07-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur indirekten Ladeluftkühlung sowie Verfahren zur indirekten Ladeluftkühlung |
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FR2973473B1 (fr) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-06-13 | Saipem Sa | Materiau d'isolation thermique et/ou de flottabilite rigide pour conduite sous-marine |
FR2973807B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-08 | 2020-09-18 | Air Liquide | Melange d'un adsorbant et d'un materiau a changement de phase a densite adaptee |
US9314768B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-04-19 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Mixture of an adsorbent and a phase change material with an adapted density |
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CN100467565C (zh) * | 2005-05-26 | 2009-03-11 | 同济大学 | 制备有机分子合金相变储能材料的方法 |
CN1322091C (zh) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | 聚乙二醇/二氧化硅复合定形相变材料的制备方法 |
CN103908912A (zh) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-07-09 | 安徽明讯新材料科技有限公司 | 一种相变恒温配胶容器 |
CN114059974A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-18 | 北京大学 | 海域水合物藏径向井复合液固相变材料的防砂方法、装置及实验方法 |
CN116640366A (zh) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-08-25 | 广东力王新材料有限公司 | 一种橡胶相变材料及其制备工艺 |
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EP1290108A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
US7105104B2 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
US20040030016A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
AU2001256397A1 (en) | 2001-11-26 |
BR0110905A (pt) | 2003-03-11 |
CA2409026C (fr) | 2009-12-08 |
FR2809115A1 (fr) | 2001-11-23 |
CA2409026A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 |
WO2001088057A1 (fr) | 2001-11-22 |
CN1295294C (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
MXPA02011383A (es) | 2005-06-30 |
FR2809115B1 (fr) | 2002-07-05 |
OA12331A (en) | 2006-05-15 |
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