CN1420503A - Method for mfg. insulator of multi-layer umbrella suspension glass fibre reinforced plastic insulator - Google Patents
Method for mfg. insulator of multi-layer umbrella suspension glass fibre reinforced plastic insulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A process for preparing the insulating body of multi-layer umbrella type toughened glass insulator includes preparing the integrated head part and one umbrella disc, preparing each umbrlle disc, and adhering them together with the electrically insulating adhesive.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides and a kind ofly on transmission line, hang lead and what play insulating effect is the manufacture method of insulator of the cap and pin insulator of the double-deck umbrella disk of having of manufactured materials or three layers of umbrella disk modeling structure with toughened glass.
(for saving space, this specification abbreviates " suspension insulator " as with " cap and pin insulator " sometimes, omits " dish type " two words; Sometimes " umbrella disk " abbreviated as " umbrella ", omit " dish " word; Sometimes " is the insulator of manufactured materials with toughened glass " abbreviated as " toughened glass insulator "; Sometimes " insulator of insulator " abbreviated as insulator ".)
Technical background
In case suspension type toughened glass insulator deterioration promptly can be broken automatically, the part of leaving over that is commonly called residual hammer after breaking certainly still has certain mechanical strength, can continue to hang lead it is come off.In the transmission line running, the track walker need not any instrument, can find from broken insulator and in time renews only according to perusal.This is the advantage of suspension type toughened glass insulator.
And do not have this advantage with the suspension insulator of electroporcelain material manufacturing.The line maintenance personnel must regularly test piecewise, just can seek out the rotten insulator of deterioration.
Wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house relatively use the suspension type toughened glass insulator to save many workloads, and its this advantage is subjected to the welcome of circuit operation department.
The umbrella disk of suspension insulator (being double-layer umbrella or three layers of umbrella suspension insulator) with multi-layer umbrella modeling structure is straight, substantially there are not rib and groove, so good aerodynamic quality, be difficult for laying dust, wind and rain nature clean-up performance is good, be convenient to hand sweeping, and the moulding of many umbrella disks makes also it that long creepage distance is arranged, these advantages make it be particularly suitable for dust more industrial filthy area and desert area.Over nearly 40 years, a large amount of double-layer umbrella suspended porcelain insulators obtains to use widely in China Power department; Some three layers of umbrella suspended porcelain insulators are promoted at present.
But the structure of multi-layer umbrella suspension insulator is comparatively complicated, can only use the electroporcelain material manufacturing in the past, can not make with toughened glass.This is because electric porcelain insulator manufactory can be with several different methods to moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake machine-shaping, thereby produces baroque porcelain insulator.And glass insulator manufactory only adopts a kind of method to make the suspension type toughened glass insulator usually, and the glass metal that is about to quantitative high-temperature fusion is poured in the mould, re-uses mould compression moulding.Also has special heat-treatment quenching operation subsequently: the glass workpiece that takes out is evenly heated evenly cooling again make it tempering from mould.Be subjected to the restriction of technology, the suspension type toughened glass insulator in past all is an individual layer umbrella structure.
The method that prolongs individual layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator creepage distance in the past mainly contains two kinds, a kind of method is at the several long ribs of the lower disposed of umbrella disk, the insulator of this moulding is called antifog type abroad usually, is called as bell jar type or dark umbrella rib type in China.Though this moulding has long creepage distance, its aerodynamic quality is poor, and laying dust in the groove between rib should not use in the filthy area of the more industry of dust easily.Another kind method is to strengthen the umbrella disk diameter as far as possible, the umbrella disk of this big disk track insulator is straight, the umbrella disk bottom does not have rib and groove, so be called open type or aerodynamic type, sometimes also be called straw hat type or dish-like visually, the insulator of this moulding has really and is difficult for laying dust and the good advantage of self-cleaning, but it has only a umbrella disk, and creepage distance is littler than multi-layer umbrella suspension insulator under the identical situation of umbrella disk diameter.
Summary of the invention
The manufacture method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator, use the method can produce suspension type toughened glass insulator with multi-layer umbrella modeling structure, its shape and existing multi-layer umbrella suspended porcelain insulator are basic identical, existing good aerodynamic quality, be suitable for the filthy area of the more industry of dust, in case there is deterioration promptly can also have long creepage distance again from broken advantage.
(this specification with the lower part, sometimes " multi-layer umbrella disc suspension toughened glass insulator " abbreviated as " insulator " or " multi-layer umbrella insulator ".)
Design of the present invention is, the insulator (glass workpiece) of multi-layer umbrella insulator to be made is divided into several fractions (being called " element "), these several elements respectively are the toughened glass spares that is easy to processing and manufacturing simple in structure, make (glass metal of fusion is poured in the mould compression moulding tempering again) with technology in the past respectively, again these several elements are become a complete insulator with the adhesive of electric insulation is bonding after the cooling.
Main points of the present invention have two, and the one, division methods, the 2nd, select adhesive.
The solution of the present invention below is described.
The task of suspension insulator is to be used for hanging lead (also playing insulating effect), bears the pulling force that wire weight causes.Typical suspension insulator is that head, steel pin and the encapsulated material (being generally cement) etc. by chapeau de fer, insulator combine and bear pulling force.Umbrella disk only plays a part to increase creepage distance, does not have the load task.In the transmission line running, umbrella disk only bears self gravitation and wind-force usually, and is stressed little.
It is as follows to determine that in view of the above above-mentioned insulator with the multi-layer umbrella insulator is divided into the concrete scheme of several fractions: with the head of insulator and a umbrella disk in the insulator jointly as one independently the toughened glass element make, in order to narrate conveniently, now this element is called " body element ".Body element is more similar to the insulator of individual layer umbrella suspension insulator in the past, the modeling structure of its head, manufacture method and all identical with the individual layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator in past with the mucilage binding combination technique of chapeau de fer steel pin, still the pulling force that wire weight causes to be born, also this pulling force can be born.With remaining each umbrella disk of insulator also respectively as separately independently the toughened glass element make (being called " umbrella disk element ").Then with these independently toughened glass element (being body element and umbrella disk element) with the bonding insulator that becomes a complete multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator of the adhesive of electric insulation.
Because umbrella disk is stressed little, the in addition bonding effect of adhesive, the loosening disengaging can not take place with body element in the umbrella disk element that is bonded in the transmission line running on the body element.Because the adhesive that uses has electrical insulation capability, electric arc can not puncture bonding plane in the transmission line running, so the umbrella disk element that is bonded on the body element can play the effect that increases creepage distance.Because body element and umbrella disk element all are the independently toughened glass spares of being convenient to machine-shaping simple in structure, so practical on production technology.Because body element is still with the toughened glass manufacturing, so in case it still has the i.e. characteristics of fragmentation automatically of deterioration.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the concrete scheme that insulator is divided into several fractions is described in detail:
Fig. 1 is the accompanying drawing of first concrete splitting scheme of the present invention, is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin insulator structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the accompanying drawing of second concrete splitting scheme of the present invention, is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin insulator structural representation.
Fig. 3 is the accompanying drawing of the 3rd concrete splitting scheme of the present invention, is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin insulator structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the accompanying drawing of the 4th concrete splitting scheme of the present invention, is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin insulator structural representation.
Fig. 5 is the accompanying drawing of the 5th concrete splitting scheme of the present invention, is one three layers umbrella plate shape suspension insulator structural representation.
The insulator of these multi-layer umbrella suspension insulators of past is by the electroporcelain material manufacturing, in the present invention by the safety glass manufacturing.
Fig. 1 as first concrete splitting scheme of the present invention is the schematic diagram of a typical double-layer umbrella cap and pin type suspension insulator. Among the figure, 1 chapeau de fer, 2 steel pin, 3 encapsulated materials (cement), the head of 4 insulators, 5 bonding planes, 6 upper umbrella discs, 7 subumbrellas Dish. Among the figure, the head 4 of lower umbrella disk 7 and insulator is manufactured into independently safety glass element, i.e. a body element. On Umbrella disk 6 is manufactured separately an independently safety glass element. The shape of bonding plane 5 is round platforms (seeing solid geometry) The side, filled by adhesive and wherein to bear bonding and insulation task.
Fig. 2 as second concrete splitting scheme of the present invention also is a typical double-layer umbrella cap and pin type suspension insulator schematic diagram. Among the figure, 1 chapeau de fer, 2 steel pin, 3 encapsulated materials (cement), the head of 4 insulators, 5 bonding planes, 6 upper umbrella discs, 7 subumbrellas Dish. Among the figure, the head 4 of upper umbrella disc 6 and insulator is manufactured into independently safety glass element, i.e. a body element. Lower Umbrella disk 7 is manufactured separately an independently safety glass element. The shape of bonding plane 5 is sides of a round platform, by gluing Agent is filled and is wherein born bonding and the insulation task.
Fig. 3 as the 3rd concrete splitting scheme of the present invention is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin type suspension insulator schematic diagram. Among the figure, 1 The head of chapeau de fer, 2 steel pin, 3 encapsulated materials (cement), 4 insulators, 5 bonding planes, 6 upper umbrella discs, 7 times umbrella disks. Figure In, the head 4 of lower umbrella disk 7 and insulator is manufactured into independently safety glass element, i.e. a body element. Upper umbrella disc 6 Manufactured separately an independently safety glass element. The shape of bonding plane 5 is sides of a round platform, is filled by adhesive Wherein bear bonding and the insulation task. Compare with the insulator of Fig. 1, this insulator has two characteristics, and the one, upper umbrella disc 6 tools The diameter bigger than lower umbrella disk 7 arranged, in order to obtain bigger creep age distance; The 2nd, the part of the close bonding plane 5 of upper umbrella disc 6 Specially thickeied, advantage is area and the fore-and-aft distance that can enlarge bonding plane 5, with the bonding force that increases bonding plane and electric strong Degree, shortcoming is to reduce slightly some creep age distances. In this figure, upper umbrella disc 6 is umbrella disks that do not have head, its moulding utmost point For simply, make and be very easy to, so the toughened glass insulator in the ratio past that its umbrella disk diameter can be done (umbrella disk and head one Body) umbrella disk diameter is bigger, thereby obtains longer creep age distance, and this also is one of advantage of the present invention.
Fig. 4 as the 4th concrete splitting scheme of the present invention is a double-layer umbrella cap and pin type suspension insulator schematic diagram. Among the figure, 1 The head of chapeau de fer, 2 steel pin, 3 encapsulated materials (cement), 4 insulators, 5 bonding planes, 6 upper umbrella discs, 7 times umbrella disks. Figure In, the head 4 of upper umbrella disc 6 and insulator is manufactured into independently safety glass element, i.e. a body element. Lower umbrella disk 7 Manufactured separately an independently safety glass element. The shape of bonding plane 5 is sides of a round platform, is filled by adhesive Wherein bear bonding and the insulation task. Compare with the insulator of Fig. 2, the characteristics of this insulator are that upper umbrella disc 6 has the subumbrella of ratio Coil 7 bigger diameters, and the part of the close bonding plane 5 of its lower umbrella disk 7 is thickeied specially.
Fig. 5 as the 5th concrete splitting scheme of the present invention is one three layers umbrella plate shape suspension insulator schematic diagram. Among the figure, 1 In the head of chapeau de fer, 2 steel pin, 3 encapsulated materials (cement), 4 insulators, 5 bonding planes, 6 upper umbrella discs, 7 bonding planes, 8 Umbrella disk, 9 times umbrella disks. Among the figure, the head 4 of lower umbrella disk 9 and insulator is manufactured into an independently safety glass element, namely Body element. Upper umbrella disc 6 and middle umbrella disk 8 are by respectively separately independently safety glass element manufacturing of conduct. The shape of bonding plane 5 With the shape of bonding plane 7 respectively be the side of a round platform, all filled by adhesive and wherein bear bonding and insulation task.
For three layers of umbrella plate shape suspension insulator, except the scheme of Fig. 5, also can be with middle umbrella disk or upper umbrella disc and insulator Head be arranged in together, co-manufactured becomes an independently safety glass element, i.e. body element, and correspondingly with remaining Umbrella disk is arranged to the umbrella disk element and independently makes separately. In the reference situation of above-mentioned five accompanying drawings, these two kinds of concrete splitting schemes are Be easy to make, illustrate one by one so no longer provide accompanying drawing. So far, this specification has provided altogether seven concrete splitting schemes.
Embodiment
In this manual, " bonding plane " is meant the part that two toughened glass elements are in contact with one another by adhesive.Strictly, a bonding plane is made up of two surfaces and the adhesive (glue-line) in the gap that is positioned at their centres, and these two surfaces also can be called a pair of surface, lay respectively at two by on the bonding toughened glass element, corresponding each other surface.Obviously, method provided by the present invention requires any a pair of surface all should preset their shape and size when product design, makes it to coincide mutually, so that successfully glued joint.(said herein coincideing is meant that the manufacturability that is of value to splicing is identical, not necessarily absolutely consistent geometrically.It relates to such as contents such as the width in the gap of bonding plane and angle, injecting glue hole, excessive glue hole and grooves, belongs to the prior art of adhesive industry, and this specification is not introduced in detail.)
With regard to body element, the specially surface of arranged bonding plane is arranged on it, these surperficial shapes and size match with its corresponding surface on being positioned at the umbrella disk element, and this is a body element and the fundamental difference of the insulator of the individual layer umbrella suspension insulator of passing by.Because both basic structure is identical, therefore can be considered as a complete individual layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator (after assembling) to body element fully with chapeau de fer and steel pin etc.
In above-mentioned five accompanying drawings, bonding plane all is designed to the side view of round platform, just usually said taper sheath cartridge type is bonding, the bonding plane of this form is difficult for loosening, and exist at the toughened glass element under the situation of dimensional discrepancy, adjust the bonding plane gap (being the bondline thickness of adhesive) that obtains expection easily, when bonding operation,, also be convenient to when bonding operation, discharge the bubble in the adhesive also than the concentricity that is easier to proofread and correct each element.If elect bonding plane the side view of cylinder as, the perhaps side view of ladder cylinder, also not being can not.With regard to the shape of bonding plane, also have many schemes to select, such as, can on two surfaces of bonding plane, make the spill keyway, embed the key that toughened glass is made, stick with glue agent jointly and be adhesively fixed; Or on two surfaces of bonding plane, make several identical corresponding groove and double wedges respectively, and embed mutually, stick with glue agent and be adhesively fixed; Or bonding plane is designed to the side view of prism or terrace with edge.The purpose of these schemes has two usually, and the one, the area that enlarges bonding plane to be increasing bonding force, and the 2nd, avoid two to be rotated loosening each other by bonding element.The technical staff of mechanical field is very familiar to these schemes, and this specification is no longer enumerated.
Below introduce the adhesive that the present invention uses.
With the polyimides is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.Polyimides is a raw material of making adhesive, also is the raw material of making insulating varnish (wire enamel), and its specific insulation is generally 10
15-10
16Ω cm, breakdown strength is about 70kV/mm.The shear strength of this type of adhesive is generally 10-20MPa, can be used to adhering glass.Reference product is No. 30 glue that the SHANGHAI RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SYNTHETIC RESINS produces.This glue needs higher curing temperature (280 ℃ are following 2 hours), and great majority are made the toughened glass of insulator, does not reach the degree that makes its annealing as yet, but use appropriate to the occasion carefully careful.
With sulphur is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.Such adhesive belongs to the natural inorganic adhesive of PUR type, must prepare voluntarily.Formula rate is as follows: Cosan 92 grams, liquid polysulfide rubber 8 grams.Preparation and using method: earlier sulphur is heated to 150 ℃ of fusions, again liquid polysulfide rubber is poured into, slowly heat up while stirring (the highest above 190 ℃, and Fire Hazard Area and labour protection.), after temperature is higher than 160 ℃, it is big that the viscosity of sulphur can become gradually with the rising of temperature, this just makes the liquid polysulfide rubber ratio be easier to stir diffusing in the middle of sulphur, all stir to liquid polysulfide rubber and should stop to heat up after loosing in the sulphur, two that immediately glue are applied to preheating are respectively closely contacted bonding (attention air-out) with two surfaces more while hot by on the bonding plane of bonding glass elements, resting on cooling curing naturally in the room temperature environment then.By the gluing of surfaces roughening treatment (sandblast) of should going ahead of the rest, and guarantee to clean dry oil free fat.The sulphur adhesive can add filler (aftermentioned).The main performance index of this type of adhesive is: shear strength is not less than 2MPa, and breakdown strength is not less than 12kV/mm, and specific insulation is not less than 10
11Ω cm.92 ℃ of the maximum operation (service) temperatures of the insulator that manufactures.The sulphur adhesive belongs to existing mature technology, is used for low tension insulator manufacturing and chemical industry acid-resistant anti-corrosion in the past, by these technical professionals are familiar with more.
With epoxy resin is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.Epoxyn has good insulation performance performance and adhesive strength, is used for the broken insulator of bonding repairing mistake percussion through the transformer station that is everlasting.Reference product is the epoxy resin toughened adhesive of carboxyl butyronitrile that Changchun Inst. of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences produces, and mainly is made up of E-44 epoxy resin, liquid carboxy terminated nitrile rubber and curing agent etc.Its performance index are: specific insulation 2.1 * 10
15Ω cm, breakdown strength 38kV/mm, shear strength 30MPa.
With polyurethane is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.Polyurethane is the raw material of making adhesive, also is the raw material of making insulating varnish.In building trade, polyurethane adhesive is one of glue kind of adhering and sealing large-area glass plates when making glass curtain wall.In auto manufacturing, polyurethane adhesive is one of glue kind of adhering and sealing windshield.The specific insulation of polyurethane is generally 10
9-10
13Ω cm, breakdown strength is 10-24kV/mm.The shear strength of this type of adhesive is generally 0.5-8MPa.Reference product is 101 glue of the new photochemical plant produced in Shanghai.Should treat that bonding glass surface is coated with silane coupling agent (claiming priming paint again) earlier before the gluing, to improve adhesive strength.Silane coupling agent belongs to the prior art of adhesive industry, does not introduce in detail.
With the acrylate is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.Reference product is the NJ one 1 high-strength structure glue that Sichuan Province positive light company produces, and its shear strength is suitable for the bonding of glass material greater than 30MPa (steel), and specific insulation is not less than 1 * 10
12Ω cm, breakdown strength is not less than 50kV/mm.
With the polysulfide rubber is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.The specific insulation of polysulfide rubber is generally 10
12-10
14Ω cm, breakdown strength is 15-20kV/mm.The hot strength of this type of adhesive is generally 1-2MPa.Similar to polyurethane adhesive, polysulfide rubber adhesive is one of glue kind of adhering glass curtain wall, windshield in building industry and car industry.Should treat that bonding glass surface is coated with silane coupling agent earlier before the gluing, to improve adhesive strength.Reference product mainly is made up of liquid polysulphide rubber and epoxy resin etc. for the JLC-3501 electric insulation cold curing sealant that Jinxi Chemical Research Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry produces.
With phenolic aldehyde-acetal is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.The shear strength of this type of adhesive is generally 10-20MPa.The specific insulation of phenolic resins is generally 10
12-10
13Ω cm, breakdown strength is 10-16kV/mm.The specific insulation of polyvinyl butyral resin is generally 10
10Ω cm, breakdown strength is 16kV/mm.Reference material is the shrinked aldehyde drying glue that Shanghai Chenhua Paint MFG. Co. produces, and mainly is made up of polyvinyl butyral resin, 201 phenolic resins and ethanol.
With the room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is the adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.The insulation property of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber are generally: specific insulation 10
13-10
15Ω cm, breakdown strength 17-24kV/mm.In building trade, room temperature vulcanized silastic adhesive also is one of glue kind of making glass curtain wall, and the trend that replaces polyurethane adhesive and polysulfide rubber adhesive is arranged.The single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive has good bonding force to glass, and shear strength is generally 0.3-11MPa.The single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive applications after bonding operation is finished, should leave standstill and just can reach bonding plane deep full solidification about 15 days when of the present invention.Reference product is the D06RTV silicone rubber adhesive that Shanghai Rubber Products Insitute produces.
With ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins (EVA) is the PUR class adhesive of Main Ingredients and Appearance.This type of adhesive is generally 1.5-3MPa to the adhesive strength of glass, and specific insulation generally is not less than 10
15Ω cm, breakdown strength generally is not less than 15kV/mm.The hot-melt adhesive for location of deflecting coil that reference product is produced for the Printing Tech Research Office, Shanghai.This type of adhesive should be earlier when bonding operation with by bonding glass workpiece preheating.
Totally nine kinds of above-mentioned adhesive, their performance, manufacture method and using method all are disclosed mature technologies, by the technical staff of adhesive industry is known.Said reference product all is the product of public offering, except that the data that this specification provides, also can inquire about more detailed data to manufacturer.
In the present invention, the glue-line in the bonding plane and the contact portion of air are very little, and most glue-lines are ingresss of air not, so it is subjected to the destruction speed of environment and corona electric arc very slight, these adhesive all can be kept the service life of several years generally speaking.In order to prolong the glue-line life-span, simultaneously also in order to prevent glue-line to make moist or ignited by contingency (might be ignited by the thunder and lightning arc), can apply ageing-resistant high temperature resistant and coating insulation and moisture in glue-line and air contact site and glue-line be covered in (should hide fully and above) such as the sulphur adhesive.With aluminium hydrate powder and aerosil powder is that the single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive of filler promptly can be used as coating and makes and be used for carrying out this task, referring to relevant most preferred embodiment part of the present invention described later.
When selecting for use adhesive to make multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator, should note and directly to order goods to the manufacturer of adhesive, should explain purposes and specification requirement during order, please factory select for use at the raw material of adhesive, the production process management aspect is meticulous, guarantee the purity of adhesive, reduce impurity.Can add in case of necessity such as fillers such as silicon dioxide powder, mica powders to improve the electrical insulating property of adhesive.If bad, the easy moisture absorption of electrical insulating property of the original filler that adds of producer should replace to silicon dioxide powder, mica powder etc.Also should ask factory to adjust the viscosity of adhesive,, tamp the gap so that when the adhering glass element, easily glue is smoothened and discharges bubble.Implementing the initial stage of the present invention, should ask adhesive factory to send the technical staff to instruct, this is the technique for sticking requirement that own specific strictness is all arranged because of every kind of adhesive products, particularly, comprise polishing, sandblast, cleaning, degreasing, drying, be coated with the matched in clearance of silane coupling agent and bonding plane etc. for the preliminary treatment requirement for the treatment of the adhering glass surface.
Operation process of the present invention is: design by in above-mentioned seven insulator splitting schemes any one earlier, produce body element respectively with in the past method then and the umbrella disk element (comprises the cast compression molding, tempering is handled, hot cold shock test and placement several months are to find defect ware etc.), again to treating on body element and the umbrella disk element that bonding surface grinds roughening treatments such as sandblast (if necessary), select body element then and the umbrella disk element carries out its pre-mated, mark and supporting placement should draw thereon in order to avoid confusion to the good one-tenth set of pieces of its pre-mated, enter bonding operational sequence then and (comprise that treating bonding surface before the gluing earlier cleans the degreaser drying processing and prime, gluing, bonding, the location, under the condition that requires, solidify, the adhesive that cleaning is overflowed, be coated with coating that hides glue-line or the like) produce complete insulator.The work of back is identical with traditional insulator production stage, roughly comprises insulator and steel pin and chapeau de fer are assembled into one maintenance, a content such as delivery test.
In any and seven insulator splitting schemes in above nine kinds of adhesive introducing any one is combined, all constitute one embodiment of the present of invention, illustrated no longer one by one.
Below introduce most preferred embodiment of the present invention.
For the double-layer umbrella suspension insulator, be the optimum division scheme with the insulator splitting scheme that Fig. 3 was introduced.In most of the cases, suspension insulator is vertical suspension, considers the influence of umbrella disk deadweight, and it is difficult for coming unstuck than the scheme bonding plane that Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 introduced.In addition, it is than the mechanical strength and the electrical strength height of the scheme bonding plane that Fig. 1 introduced.For three layers of umbrella suspension insulator, be the optimum division scheme with the insulator splitting scheme that Fig. 5 was introduced.Compare with other two kinds of splitting schemes that do not provide accompanying drawing, it is difficult for coming unstuck, and reason is the same.Comprehensively, still be three layers of umbrella suspension insulator no matter for double-layer umbrella, with the head of insulator and following umbrella disk jointly as an independently toughened glass element manufacturing, and with remaining each umbrella disk respectively as separately independently the toughened glass element make, all be optimum division scheme (being difficult for coming unstuck).
In above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive, the single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive is best adhesive.Its advantage is:
Have outstanding electrical insulating property, good corona resistance and arc resistance, and nonflammable.When it was filler with the aluminium hydrate powder, its fire resistance and anti creepage trace performance can further improve.When it was filler with the aerosil, its physical strength can further improve.
Glass had good adhesive property, and technique for sticking is simple, need not treat bonding glass surface and carry out roughening treatments such as sandblast before bonding, and need not prime (cleaning, degreasing and dry still necessary) is also need not heating and pressurizing promptly curable.The single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive can directly use, and need not allocate before use.
Good filling sealability is arranged, under the bigger situation in bonding plane gap, also can obtain desirable adhesive effect.Thereby loosened requirement, reduced manufacture difficulty, improved rate of finished products the glass elements dimensional discrepancy.
The single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive products of high strength, low modulus, high elongation rate and the high compression-strength of at present existing many public offerings.Better elastic make its extend significantly or the situation of compression under still have remarkable sealing adhesive property, not can because of rising-heat contracting-cold with come unstuck by bonding glass elements.
It also has good chemical stability, remarkable weatherability, very wide serviceability temperature scope, uvioresistant, anti-ozone in addition.
Room temperature vulcanized silastic adhesive uses many decades in building trade and power industry, is respectively applied for glass curtain wall, and aspects such as organic composite insulator and creeping-increasing skirt, life expectancy reach 30 years, and be approaching with the life-span of existing glass insulator.
Because itself is exactly the material of ageing-resistant high temperature resistant and insulation and moisture, so be applied to apply other coating at glue-line and air contact site again when of the present invention.
Still be three layers of umbrella suspension insulator no matter for double-layer umbrella, with the head of insulator and following umbrella disk jointly as independently toughened glass element (being a body element) manufacturing, and with remaining umbrella disk also respectively as separately independently toughened glass element (being the umbrella disk element) make, come bonding umbrella disk element and body element to make it to become a complete insulator with the single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive then, the method for the insulator of this manufacturing multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator is the best of the present invention
Embodiment.
Some explanation is arranged below.
Nearest many decades, the organic synthesis adhesive develops rapidly, and new varieties are constantly released, and performance is updated, and the research of adhesive Theory also is gradually improved.In nine kinds of above-mentioned adhesive of this specification, there are eight kinds to belong to the organic synthesis adhesive.They all are better than natural inorganic adhesive (the sulphur adhesive is insulated sub-manufacturing industry in recent years substantially and eliminates) on integrated performance index and bonding convenient degree of operation.Therefore, should at first select the organic synthesis adhesive in the adhesive of the said electric insulation of this specification, be first-selection with the single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive again in the organic synthesis adhesive.
Owing to structurally have any different (bonding plane is arranged) with the suspension type toughened glass insulator in past with the insulator of manufacturing of the present invention, therefore the test standard of the relevant suspension type toughened glass insulator of issuing in the past can be not suitable fully.Should under the prerequisite that guarantees product quality and power grid security, adjust the content of test standard.
The scientific and technical terminology " adhesive " that this specification uses is meant and integrates material bonding and two kinds of functions of sealing, the name of product of this class material is a lot, as fluid sealant, adhesive, adhesive, bonding agent, sealant, glue, glue, casting glue stick, embedding fluid sealant, clay, glue cream, glue, rubber cement, putty or the like.In addition, in China, silicon rubber (Siliconerubber) also is translated into silicone rubber or polysiloxane rubber sometimes.Wish rights and interests of the present invention not to be twisted because of the difference of these titles.
Because birth of the present invention might make the manufactured materials of toughened glass insulator that some variations take place.As previously mentioned, the umbrella disk element is not born wire weight, does not need very high mechanical strength, therefore can use the simple glass of not doing the tempering processing to make, thereby reduce production costs.Will notice that two kinds of materials making umbrella disk element and body element should have close thermal coefficient of expansion this moment, also should select the adhesive of good springiness and suitably arrange bondline thickness.(certainly, the present invention still advocates to use as far as possible toughened glass rather than simple glass to make the umbrella disk element, and this is because the cold-resistant hot shock property of toughened glass is much better than simple glass, can reduce the spoilage of insulator under moment, big electric arc burnt.)。
Can also use electroporcelain material to make the umbrella disk element.Electroceramics is the good insulation performance body, and good cold-resistant hot shock property is arranged, and many electroporcelain materials and toughened glass have close thermal coefficient of expansion.When toughened glass production equipment anxiety and during the electric porcelain production idleness of equipment, make the umbrella disk element with electroporcelain material and can satisfy the short-term requirement of ordering goods in enormous quantities.Though above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive all can be used for being coated with bonding between the electroporcelain material (umbrella disk element) of glaze and the toughened glass material (body element), but still should select the adhesive of good springiness and suitably arrange bondline thickness.
Can also use the high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber material to make the umbrella disk element.High-temperature silicon disulfide rubber is a material of making the full skirt cover of organic composite insulator, also is the material of making creeping-increasing skirt, not only is suitable for making umbrella disk element of the present invention, and the anti-soil that also can therefore improve the insulator of making dodges performance.Should carry out bonding this moment with room temperature vulcanized silastic adhesive, and other adhesive should not use.
No matter use any umbrella disk element of making in above-mentioned three kinds of materials, must make with toughened glass with the body element of the insulator of manufacturing of the present invention.In insulator, bear the toughened glass that is still of main insulation task and main mechanical task this moment, in case insulator still have very high electrical strength, mechanical strength and deterioration promptly can be automatically broken characteristics, therefore still whole insulator can be considered as toughened glass insulator.This moment insulator can be called as " with toughened glass be main manufactured materials insulator ".
So far, this specification has been introduced the concrete scheme that insulator is divided into several elements in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, has also introduced nine kinds of suitable adhesive.According to the content of having introduced, the technical staff of glass insulation sub-industry cooperates with the technical staff of adhesive industry can produce multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator.
This specification mainly be that the electric and mechanical performance of bonding plane and adhesive is analyzed with the lower part, in order to remove still be unfamiliar with adhesive toughened glass insulator manufacturing industry personnel to suspection of the present invention and prejudice (to the performance distrust of adhesive).Owing to be noted that the nargin on the multiple level, allow certain error or use approximate model.Below only the double-layer umbrella suspension insulator is analyzed, its method and conclusion also are applicable to three layers of umbrella suspension insulator.
The front is mentioned, and body element can be regarded as a complete insulator (after assembling with chapeau de fer and steel pin etc.), and this insulator is to make by prior art fully, therefore just itself has the mechanical electric performance that can fully trust.The umbrella disk element of toughened glass (or simple glass etc.) being made with the adhesive of electric insulation bonds on this insulator, can't produce negative interaction and reduces its mechanical electric performance.Even, still can guarantee transmission line safe operation under general weather only according to body element just in case the bonding plane deterioration is come unstuck.This is at first should be clear and definite.
Sticking with glue agent is to strengthen creepage distance with the sole purpose that the umbrella disk element bonds on the body element, and the anti-soil that improves insulator dodges ability.By the electrical theory of generally acknowledging at present, the state that need only analyze under the power-frequency voltage gets final product.
Enter concrete analysis below to the electric property of bonding plane.
When we considered the electrical strength of bonding plane, whether main the analysis along the generatrix direction of round platform electric puncture can take place and whether can cause too high temperature rise along the leakage current that this direction flows through.
When the transmission line actual motion, the voltage that is added in the sub-two ends of different insulative is inequality, and it is according to multiple factors such as line voltage distribution grade and insulator positions and change.In order to leave enough nargin, the voltage that existing supposition is added in bonding plane round platform bus two ends is 22kV (industrial frequency AC effective value, down together).The voltage 21.5kV that this value is born greater than the whole piece insulator of bearing the voltage maximum in the 500kV transmission line under the normal condition, the voltage that it is also born greater than any whole piece insulator in each electric pressure transmission line below the 500kV.
If make double-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator by the actual size of existing double-layer umbrella suspended porcelain insulator, the bus length of the round platform of any one bonding plane all can be accomplished 12mm in the splitting scheme of above-mentioned insulator.If the breakdown strength of selecting adhesive is greater than 10kV/mm (this is easy to accomplish for above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive), then the puncture voltage of round platform bus is 5.45 times of above-mentioned 22kV greater than 120kV, can satisfy the needs of actual motion.
Consider to flow through the leakage current of bonding plane and the temperature rise that causes thereof below.For simplicity, we suppose that bonding plane is the hollow cylinder of a cross section for annular, and its post height (bus length) is 12mm, and annular width (being bondline thickness) is 0.5mm, and the interior circular diameter of annular is 110mm.If selecting the specific insulation of adhesive (glue-line) is 1 * 10
10Ω cm (this also is easy to accomplish for above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive, and it has been generally acknowledged that this is the standard min of electrical insulating material, if the low again semi-conducting material that promptly is regarded as), can calculate this hollow cylinder is 6.9 * 10 along the volume resistance of generatrix direction
9Ω.Suppose still that now the voltage that is added in the bus two ends is 22kV, the leakage current that then passes this hollow cylinder (glue-line) is 3.19 * 10
-6A, electrical power is 7 * 10
-2W (watt), heat generating spot is evenly distributed on the whole bonding plane, and the area (lateral area of hollow cylinder) that also can calculate bonding plane is about 41cm
2, then every 2cm
2The electrical power of bonding plane is 3.4 * 10
-3W is 1/160th of a pocket lamp bulb with homalographic (by 0.55W).So little electrical power can not cause significant temperature rise and make the glue-line deterioration to bonding plane.This shows, if the specific insulation of selection adhesive is 1 * 10
10More than the Ω cm, do not have the electrothermal problem that can make the glue-line deterioration and take place.
Be noted that the supposition that above-mentioned bonding plane round platform bus both end voltage is 22kV is more much bigger than actual conditions.When the transmission line actual motion, by the insulator that method provided by the present invention is made, bonding plane always with body element on umbrella disk be in series (also with it bonding umbrella disk element be in parallel) bear the voltage that is added on the insulator jointly.Unless certain in particular cases the umbrella disk on the body element lost insulating capacity (moment before taking place such as dense fog environment pollution flashover accident, it only is moment, this umbrella disk might be fully by the electric arc short circuit), bonding plane can not born the voltage that should be born jointly by full wafer insulator (two full skirts) separately, and electric heating situation is also more much smaller than above-mentioned analysis.
Sometimes people regard suspension insulator as a capacitor, and chapeau de fer and steel pin are respectively two electrodes of capacitor, pay close attention to the electric field situation of this capacitor.The basic electric field of suspension insulator is in the inside of chapeau de fer, between steel pin upper end and chapeau de fer inwall at this moment.With the insulator that method provided by the present invention is made, the medium that is in the basic electric field is still toughened glass.Bonding plane is arranged in fringe field.So the size of adhesive dielectric constant can not cause the electric potential gradient of this capacitor and capacitance bigger variation takes place.
Below the mechanical performance of bonding plane is analyzed.
Umbrella disk only bears self gravitation and wind-force in the transmission line running.If make double-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator by the actual size of existing double-layer umbrella suspended porcelain insulator, the transmission line designer can calculate, for a umbrella disk, even under the situation of wind speed up to 35m/sec (35 meter per second), these two power can not surpass 200N (about 20kgf) with joint efforts yet.If will be chosen as 0.25MPa (25N/cm to the requirement of the adhesive strength of adhesive
2, about 2.5kgf/cm
2, this also is easy to accomplish for above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive), the area of bonding plane is still pressed 41cm
2Meter, the bonding force of whole bonding plane then, promptly its mechanical load that can bear surpasses 1000N (about 100kgf), is 5 times of 200N, can satisfy the demand.
Because the polytropy of wind, bonding plane are subjected to force direction extremely complicated when actual motion.And that the adhesive strength of adhesive can be subdivided into shear strength, hot strength etc. is multiple.Because the taper sheath cartridge type bonding plane that the present invention adopts is a kind of version preferably, 5 times nargin is arranged, so this specification is not done careful differentiation to adhesive strength, shear strength, these technical terms of hot strength again.
In sum, if the adhesive of selecting has adhesive strength greater than 0.25MPa, specific insulation is greater than 1 * 10
10Ω cm and breakdown strength are applied to the safe operation that the present invention can guarantee transmission line more than 10kV/mm.For above-mentioned nine kinds of adhesive, these all are easy to accomplish.
Can find out also that by above analysis it is very many can being competent in adhesive classification of the present invention and product, never only limits to above-mentioned nine kinds, every technical staff who is familiar with adhesive industry can replenish many.This is that glass is again a kind of bonding material that is easy to because adhesive strength is looser for adhesive products greater than the requirement of 0.25MPa on the one hand; The raw material of making the organic synthesis adhesive on the other hand mostly is rubber and resinae high molecular polymer, and they mostly belong to electrical insulating material.
Because the advantage of multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator is conspicuous, the present invention is again the method for unique up to now manufacturing multi-layer umbrella suspension type toughened glass insulator, so its superiority is repeated no more.
Claims (7)
1, be manufactured materials with toughened glass or be the manufacture method of insulator of the cap and pin insulator of the double-deck umbrella disk of having of main manufactured materials or three layers of umbrella disk with toughened glass, it is characterized in that, at first with a umbrella disk of the head of said insulator and said insulator jointly as one independently the toughened glass element make, and with remaining each umbrella disk of said insulator also respectively as separately independently the toughened glass element make, then with these independently the toughened glass element become a complete said insulator with the adhesive of electric insulation is bonding.
2, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the adhesive of said electric insulation is the organic synthesis adhesive.
3, manufacture method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said organic synthesis adhesive is the single-component room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber adhesive.
4, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, said " with a umbrella disk of the head of said insulator and said insulator jointly as one independently the toughened glass element make " be that following umbrella disk with the head of said insulator and said insulator is jointly as an independently toughened glass element manufacturing.
5, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said " remaining each umbrella disk " also can be made with simple glass.
6, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said " remaining each umbrella disk " also can be made with electroporcelain material.
7, manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said " remaining each umbrella disk " also can use the high-temperature silicon disulfide rubber made.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021296065A CN1190803C (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2002-09-02 | Method for mfg. insulator of multi-layer umbrella suspension glass fibre reinforced plastic insulator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021296065A CN1190803C (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2002-09-02 | Method for mfg. insulator of multi-layer umbrella suspension glass fibre reinforced plastic insulator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1420503A true CN1420503A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| CN1190803C CN1190803C (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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| CNB021296065A Expired - Fee Related CN1190803C (en) | 2002-09-02 | 2002-09-02 | Method for mfg. insulator of multi-layer umbrella suspension glass fibre reinforced plastic insulator |
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| CN100559516C (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-11-11 | 丰茂忠 | Preparation method of composite insulator |
| CN100594561C (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-03-17 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Composite insulating material and method for producing the same |
| CN101840756A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-09-22 | 天津市普瑞电力科学研究有限责任公司 | Insulating creepage increasing cap additionally installed on electric suspension type insulator |
| CN101409119B (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-10-27 | 上海玻璃机器制造厂有限公司 | Laminated toughened glass insulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN102208233A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-10-05 | 苏州电瓷厂有限公司 | Suspension type porcelain insulator for direct-current overhead power transmission line |
| CN102222551A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2011-10-19 | 南京电气（集团）有限责任公司 | Disk-shaped suspension insulator special for tension resisting circuit |
| CN102227060A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2011-10-26 | 赫兹曼电力（广东）有限公司 | Medium voltage switch insulation support framework |
| CN102522162A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 湖北鑫德赛绝缘技术有限公司 | Disk-shaped suspension porcelain or glass composite insulator |
| CN102543322A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江金利华电气股份有限公司 | Double-umbrella insulator |
| CN102568711A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江金利华电气股份有限公司 | 90-tonnage disk suspended glass insulator |
| CN103617844A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 大连电瓷集团股份有限公司 | Disc-shaped suspension insulator |
| CN108865027A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-23 | 上海桐钰电力科技有限公司 | A kind of fixed glue of anti-high-voltage isulation |
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| CN100559516C (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-11-11 | 丰茂忠 | Preparation method of composite insulator |
| CN100594561C (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-03-17 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Composite insulating material and method for producing the same |
| CN101409119B (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-10-27 | 上海玻璃机器制造厂有限公司 | Laminated toughened glass insulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN101840756A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-09-22 | 天津市普瑞电力科学研究有限责任公司 | Insulating creepage increasing cap additionally installed on electric suspension type insulator |
| CN102208233A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-10-05 | 苏州电瓷厂有限公司 | Suspension type porcelain insulator for direct-current overhead power transmission line |
| CN102227060A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2011-10-26 | 赫兹曼电力（广东）有限公司 | Medium voltage switch insulation support framework |
| CN102222551A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2011-10-19 | 南京电气（集团）有限责任公司 | Disk-shaped suspension insulator special for tension resisting circuit |
| CN102222551B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-06 | 南京电气（集团）有限责任公司 | Disk-shaped suspension insulator special for tension resisting circuit |
| CN102227060B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-04-23 | 赫兹曼电力（广东）有限公司 | Medium voltage switch insulation support framework |
| CN102522162A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 湖北鑫德赛绝缘技术有限公司 | Disk-shaped suspension porcelain or glass composite insulator |
| CN102568711A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江金利华电气股份有限公司 | 90-tonnage disk suspended glass insulator |
| CN102543322A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江金利华电气股份有限公司 | Double-umbrella insulator |
| CN103617844A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 大连电瓷集团股份有限公司 | Disc-shaped suspension insulator |
| CN108865027A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-23 | 上海桐钰电力科技有限公司 | A kind of fixed glue of anti-high-voltage isulation |
| CN114200239A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 清华大学 | Method for online monitoring failure of insulator monomer in insulator string in power system |
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Address after: 300203, Tianjin Road, Pukou, Jiangxi road and Hexi District Road, still Commodities Jiayuan 3-2-501 room Co-patentee after: Zhao Fu Patentee after: Wang Shulan Address before: 300022, No. 3-6, zone 5, 188 Harbin Road, Heping District, Tianjin Co-patentee before: Zhao Fu Patentee before: Wang Shulan |
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