CN1416497A

CN1416497A - Method and appts. for directional boring under mixed conditions

Info

Publication number: CN1416497A
Application number: CN01806027A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 兰迪·R·朗奎斯特; 马克·万霍威林根; 詹姆斯·R·兰金
Original assignee: Vermeer Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Vermeer Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 2000-03-03
Filing date: 2001-03-02
Publication date: 2003-05-07
Also published as: DE10195854T1; SE0202592D0; AU2001241969A1; CN101363307A; SE0202592L; CN101363307B; SE524375C2; WO2001066900A3; WO2001066900A2

Abstract

A drill head for an apparatus for horizontal directional drilling. The drill head includes a device for detecting angular orientation, a holder for the device for detecting angular orientation, the device for detecting angular orientation being disposed therein, a hammer driven by a liquid and a drill bit. The holder, the hammer and the drill bit are connected head to tail along a longitudinal axis of a drill string with the holder at a proximate end of the drill head and the drill bit at a distal end of the drill head.

Description

Under multiple mixing condition, carry out the method and apparatus of directional drilling

The application has applied for pct international patent by the Vermeer manufacturing company (Vermeer ManufacturingCompany) of the U.S. March 2 calendar year 2001, and has specified the All Countries of removing the U.S..

Technical field

The present invention relates to directional drilling, particularly adopt same equipment to pierce the system of soil and rock.

Background of invention

At present, when underground communal facility such as natural gas, drinking water or sanitary sewer are arranged in the rock, adopt big hard rock to dig moat equipment such as Vermeer T-655 carries out ditching, perhaps even adopt explosive to carry out explosion.In these cases, because that electric wire, telephone wire and TV cable are layed in underground difficulty is big and expense is very high, therefore be erected in the air along electric pole usually.Like this in a lot of occasions, install very difficultly owing to existing the solid particles of rock layer to make underground, so the communal facility circuit need be provided with on the ground.In many building sites, construction beginning and situation about finishing are very complicated, comprise and will partly pass the solid particles of rock layer and pass remaining soil.In such occasion, rock drilling equipment or dig moat equipment and often can not drill through soil and arrive lithosphere.

The directional drilling machine that is used for piercing soil is known.Directional drilling machine generally includes the end to end a series of drilling rods that are used to constitute the drilling rod group.The drilling rod group is by dynamicliquid pressure device such as cylinder pushes or pulling and pass soil.Referring to the US4945999 of Malzahn and the US4697775 (RE33793) of US5070848 and Cherrington.Described in the US5242026 of the US4953633 of Dunn and Deken etc., promote simultaneously and the rotary drill rod group.The spade that is used to hole, cutter head are arranged on the end of drilling rod group, and the nozzle that can comprise injection water is with auxiliary bore hole.

In a kind of improvement of conventional borehole system, a series of drilling rod group bars and the impact tool combination that is installed in a series of boom ends.These bars can apply stable bump thrust, and the inside of bar is used for carrying compressed air to pneumatic brill.US4694913 referring to McDonald etc.But have been found that this system makes its application be restricted owing to expense is higher, this is because if the diameter of drilling rod group is wider than in boring substantially, then when promoting the drilling rod group, and the flexible distortion of drilling rod group.

Accurate directional drilling needs relevant drilling or the location of boring tool and the information of the degree of depth, almost invariably will will adopt sensor to be connected with the drilling cutter with dispensing device (" probe "), so that avoid mistake boring and redrilling.Disclose a kind of such device among the US5633589, this paper introduces its disclosed content.The US4867255 of Baker discloses the turned to directional drilling instrument that utilizes the starting impact hammer.

The directional drilling instrument that can carry out rock-boring is disclosed among the US5778991 of Runquist and the EP857852A2 of Cox and the EP857853A2.But, be known although carry out the directional drilling instrument that rock-boring and soil penetrates simultaneously, existing apparatus do not have a kind of single machine can possess these two kinds of functions simultaneously and make instrument in soil and rock controlling party to.The present invention has satisfied this requirement.

Also need to be used for the directional drilling instrument that rock-boring and soil penetrate in this area, it has by fluid-operated impact hammer, the calibration of the device (as probe) of detection angles rotation is provided, impact hammer (as pneumatic or fluid drives) ON/OFF is provided the method for control.In addition, need a kind of have improved the device of drill bit controlling party to ability.

Summary of the invention

A kind of drill bit that is used for directional drilling machine of the present invention comprises the detection angles orientation device that is end-to-end such as support body (or housing), pneumatic hammer and the rotary cutter assembly of probe, makes described angle orientation housing be positioned at an end and makes described cutter head be positioned at the other end.Drill bit can also comprise starting handle, but its connection angle azimuth sounder housing.Cutter head preferably has the main cutting face and the batchmeter post of face forward, a plurality of cutting teeths are arranged on the main cutting face, the batchmeter post by the main cutting face diameter to outside skew, metering cutting teeth with at least one face forward, described cutting teeth are suitable for cutting by less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over.It is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in detection angles orientation and batchmeter post are, so that determine the orientation of batchmeter post about the drill bit axis of rotation.In a preferred embodiment, main cutting face is flat circle substantially, and which is provided with a series of jets, and drill bit has the passage that is used for using to jet conveying brill fluid.In another embodiment, have heel on the cutter head lateral surface, heel is in the position relative with the batchmeter post and is tilted by back to forward-inner.

Such drill bit can use in the directional drilling method of the present invention that adopts directional drilling machine, and this directional drilling machine can promote and the rotary drill rod group, on the drilling rod group drill bit is installed.Such method comprises step: by with the promotion of drilling rod group and rotary drilling-head and the straight medium that pierces, simultaneously with hammer bump cutter head; Before changing boring direction, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; And,, make the deviation in driction of drill bit along the shear action of batchmeter post simultaneously with hammer bump cutter head by repeating to promote and changing direction when rotating described cutter head and boring less than the formed angle of described cutter head one turn over.In the time of boring different, medium can be two kinds on soil, solid particles of rock or soil and a rock.Particularly, when adopting identical cutter head to carry out same boring, can in soil and rock, finish straight controlling party to the step of change direction.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide the method for carrying out directional drilling under a kind of mixing condition that comprises soil and solid particles of rock at the same time.Such method comprises step: by with the promotion of drilling rod group and rotary drilling-head and straight soil and the rock of piercing, simultaneously with hammer bump cutter head; Change in soil and rock before the boring direction, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; When in rock, boring less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over, change direction,, make the deviation in driction of drill bit along the shear action of batchmeter post simultaneously with hammer bump cutter head by repeating promotion and rotary cutter; And, make drill bit depart from along batchmeter post direction and away from heel at rotary drilling-head and in soil, change direction during boring not by promoting drill bit with the drilling rod group.Owing to the main cutting face that bores cutter head is put down greatly, singly be that the thrust of drilling rod group does not rotate instrument just to be not enough to turn in soft ground.Therefore the most handy hammer bump cutter head changes the direction in soil simultaneously.Method of the present invention can be carried out direction control preferably in some ground conditions.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine, comprising: the device in detection angles orientation; The support body that is used for the device in detection angles orientation, the device in detection angles orientation is arranged in the support body; By fluid-operated hammer; Layout that hammer has and structure can produce bump; And the rotary cutter assembly that connects hammer, the rotary cutter assembly has and is used to layout and the structure accepting to clash into, wherein determines the orientation of rotary cutter assembly by the device in detection angles orientation, so that control the cutter head direction.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine that uses in compressible soil, have drilling rod group and drill bit, the near-end of drilling rod group connects directional drilling machine, the far-end of drill bit jointed rod group, comprise: bore cutter head, be suitable for usually drilling rock and having the The structure of rock of drilling; Detect the device that bores the cutter head angle orientation, export the signal in corresponding orientation; And the skew connector, its first end jointed rod group, second end connect to bore cutter head, connector departs from the axis of drilling rod group, wherein, the response output signal to the offset member orientation so that bore cutter head and turn to.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that adopts the drill bit direction of horizontal boring machine and keyhole machine and hole in rock, comprising: promote drill bit and pass medium, drill bit is positioned at the far-end of drilling rod group; Employing is positioned at the brill cutter head of drill bit far-end by fluid-operated hammer bump, wherein bores cutter head and comprises and be used to effective steering geometry shape that drill bit is turned to; The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on the drill bit regularly detects brill cutter head angle orientation; And, clash into cutter head with hammer simultaneously by repeating to promote and the rotary drilling cutter head bored less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over drill bit is turned to, make the deviation in driction of shear action of the effective steering geometry shape in drill bit edge.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of and adopts horizontal boring machine and the drill bit of auger is turned to and the method for holing in medium, comprise: the drill bit that promotion is positioned at drilling rod group front end passes medium, use the brill cutter head that is positioned at the drill bit far-end by fluid-operated hammer bump simultaneously, wherein bore cutter head and comprise and be suitable for effective steering geometry shape and drill bit that drill bit is turned to; The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on the drill bit regularly detects brill cutter head angle orientation; And drill bit is turned to: to pierce compressible soil, in holing, change direction by promotion drilling rod group, make drill bit along the deviation in driction of skew connector, connector is by the disalignment of the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, bores cutter head and rotary drill rod group not and need not hammer bump into shape; If perhaps pierce rock, then clash into and bore cutter head with hammer, make that boring cutter head departs from along effective steering geometry shape.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, this auger comprises by fluid-operated active flushing (aggressiveflushing) set hammer, a kind of method of initiatively washing set hammer of operating comprises: determine whether to start and initiatively wash set hammer; If hole in rock, and hammer is started: the fluid flow that will drive hammer is decreased to basic near the first zero value; Actuator by auger applies thrust above predetermined threshold to the drilling rod group, and makes hammer leave flush position; And increase fluid flow to predetermined threshold, in rock, hole continuously with the hammer of starting; If hole in compressible soil, and starting is not hammered into shape: thrust is reduced to below the predetermined threshold, simultaneously fluid pressure is remained on more than the predetermined threshold on the hammer, make hammer move to flush position thus; And continue boring in compressible soil and inoperative hammer.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, this auger comprises by fluid-operated standard set hammer, a kind of method of initiatively washing set hammer of operating comprises: determine whether the starting standard set hammer; If hole in rock, and hammer is started: the fluid flow value that will drive hammer increases to more than the predetermined threshold; Perhaps the thrust magnitude that will be produced by the actuator of horizontal boring machine increases to more than the predetermined threshold; And with the starting hammer in rock, hole continuously; If hole in compressible soil, and starting is not hammered into shape: the value of fluid flow is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of starting hammer; The value of thrust is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of starting hammer; Continuation is holed and inoperative hammer in compressible soil.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system that carries out horizontal orientation boring in compressible soil and rock, comprise: the horizontal orientation boring machine that is connected with the drilling rod group, directional drilling machine is used for rotating and promotes the drilling rod group and pierces the medium that will hole, directional drilling machine comprises actuator, and is that actuator is suitable for jointed rod group near-end and have the structure that is used for to drilling rod group applied thrust usually; Pressure source is used to produce operating pressure, and operating pressure is transmitted by the fluid that is used to hole; And controller, be used to control the thrust that produces by actuator and be used to control the operating pressure of exporting by pressure source; Wherein the far-end of drilling rod group comprises: the device in detection angles orientation; The support body that is used for the device in detection angles orientation, the device in detection angles orientation places support body; By fluid-operated hammer; And brill cutter head; Wherein, support body, hammer and brill cutter head are end-to-end along the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, make support body be positioned at the drill bit near-end, bore cutter head and are positioned at the drill bit far-end.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine, comprising: by the hammer of liquid driven, by the brill cutter head that hammer drives, bore cutter head have effective controlling party to geometry.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine, and comprising: by the hammer of liquid driven, described hammer has the layout and the structure that can produce bump; And the rotary cutter assembly that connects described hammer, described rotary cutter assembly has and is used to layout and the structure accepting to clash into, and has the geometry that effectively turns to.

Describe these aspects of the present invention below in detail.

Brief Description Of Drawings

In the accompanying drawings, same numeral is represented same parts:

Fig. 1 is the lateral view of first embodiment of drill bit of the present invention, has saved the carbide alloy cutter tooth on the drill bit;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of embodiment shown in Fig. 1, shows sniffer housing inlet;

Fig. 3 is the stereo rearview of cutter head shown in Figure 1, has saved the cutter head axle;

Fig. 4 is the front isometric view of first kind of selectable cutter head of the present invention, has the carbide alloy cutter tooth, and is installed on the cutter head axle;

Fig. 5 A is the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shown in Fig. 4 and cutter head axle;

Fig. 5 B is the sectional elevation along the 5B-5B among Fig. 5 A;

Fig. 6 A and 6B are that wherein 6A shows the front portion of device along the longitudinal sectional view of the amplification of Fig. 3 center line 6-6, and 6B shows the rear portion of device;

Fig. 7 A and 7B are that wherein 7A shows the front portion of device along the longitudinal sectional view of the amplification of Fig. 3 center line 7-7, and 7B shows the rear portion of device;

Fig. 8 is the vertical view of second kind of selectable cutter head of the present invention and cutter head shaft assembly;

Fig. 9 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly;

Figure 10 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Fig. 8;

Figure 11 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the lateral view of cutter head shaft assembly;

Figure 12 is the vertical view of the third selectable cutter head of the present invention and cutter head shaft assembly;

Figure 13 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly;

Figure 14 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Figure 12;

Figure 15 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the lateral view of cutter head shaft assembly;

Figure 16 is the lateral view of the 4th kind of selectable cutter head of the present invention, has omitted remaining cutter, has shown that controlling party in rock is to action;

Figure 17 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Figure 16;

Figure 18 is the 5th kind of front elevation drawing that can select cutter head of the present invention;

Figure 19 is the lateral view of cutter head among Figure 18;

Figure 20 is the stereogram of cutter head among Figure 18;

Figure 21 is the partial sectional view of the back longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment;

Figure 22 is the partial sectional view of the preceding longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment;

Figure 23 A and Figure 23 B are rear portion and anterior separately the partial, longitudinal cross-sectional of front portion rock drill bit first embodiment that is provided with hammer;

Figure 24 is that sectional view is blocked in the shortening that corresponding diagram 23A and 23B, hammer are positioned at the rear portion;

Figure 25 is the sectional view of an embodiment of drill bit of the present invention;

Figure 25 A is the guide wire of alternative shape of drill bit of the present invention;

Figure 25 B is the sectional view that the present invention bores cutter head assembly;

Figure 26 A is the sectional view of the support body of detection angle of the present invention orientation device;

Figure 26 B is the stereogram of the protractor components of detection angle of the present invention orientation support body;

Figure 26 C is the sectional view of protractor components that the present invention includes the detection angle orientation support body of isolator;

Figure 27 has shown the system that comprises directional drilling machine of the present invention;

Figure 28 is the flow chart of method of operating of the present invention; And

Figure 29 is the flow chart of method of operating of the present invention.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Describe the manufacturing and the use of various embodiments of the invention below in detail, should be appreciated that to the present invention proposes many applicable inventive principle, can under various particular cases, implement these inventive principle.Here Shuo Ming specific embodiment only is for manufacturing and uses specified otherwise mode of the present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.With reference to the parts with label with expressions such as several selection form A, B, its purpose is to refer to several selectable forms, does not have the form that all can be selected that is meant of this letter.

With reference to Fig. 1-3,6A-6B and 7A-7B, drill bit 10 of the present invention comprises as sniffer support body 14 universal component, that be end-to-end as shown in the figure, pneumatic hammer 16 and drill bit assembly 18.As mentioned above, drill bit 10 can also comprise starting handle 12.The end 13 of starting handle 12 connects the common drilling rod group that is driven by directional drilling machine, carries compressed air so that operation hammer 16 by the passage in drilling rod group, starting handle 12 and the sniffer support body 14.Cutter head assembly 18 comprises cutter head 19A, and cutter head 19A has a row cutting teeth 20A and a cutter head axle 21A, and cutter head axle 21A is used for cutter head 19A is installed to the front end of hammer 16.Cutter head 19A is removably mounted on the 21A by the pin that rolls that inserts transverse holes 23.The oral area 22A of band angle is arranged in the head 18, is used for the compressed air from hammer 16 is sprayed by cutter head 19A the place ahead.Be added with the medium that foam forms in the compressed air, make the time, form lubricated boring foam naturally by cutter head 19A injection/decompression.This foam is used to take away soil bits and/or the detritus flag on the cutter head path.

Starting handle 12, sniffer support body 14 and pneumatic hammer 16 can be known type in the prior art.For example hammer into shape 16 can be Ingersoll-Rand go into the well the hammer rather than shown in hammer.By EearthTool Corporation of WiSconSin company provide with the spline type of Spline-Lock model name connect can be used for arbitrary end of sniffer support body 14 with hammer 16 into shape and be connected with starting handle 12.The pin connection of rolling of having saved the same type of spline is used for cutter head 19A is installed in a 21A, as mentioned above.

Fig. 6 A-6B and 7A-7B have shown prestarting drill bit 10.Flowed and flow into vertical passages 34 in the sniffer support body 14 successively along the central passage in the starting handle 12 32 by the liquid of drilling rod group compression, passage 34 is isolated with sniffer chamber 36.According to general custom, be assemblied in tab 38 by end the sniffer (not shown) is installed in a predetermined direction with respect to cutter head sniffer.Shock absorber can be arranged on the opposite end in sniffer chamber so that sniffer is carried out vibration isolation.

Pressure fluid is followed the front end of flow pass 34 and is entered rear aperture 40 in the valve rod 42 that constitutes part hammer 16.The back annular lip 44 of valve rod 42 is fix in position between the front end face of the interior extension annular lip 46 of hammer 16 tubular shell 48 and sniffer housing 14.Pressure fluid flows into the manifold 50 with several radial port 52 by opening 40, then flows into the annular back pressure chamber 54 that forms between the back siphonata 58 of the minor diameter anterior 56 of bar 42 and percussion hammer 60.Pressure in this chamber force percussion hammer 60 towards shown in the position move forward, wherein the front end of percussion hammer 60 passes to impact the back anvil face 62 of cutter head axle 21A.

The radial port 66 of siphonata 58 makes the cannelure of outwards opening 68 on pressure fluid inflow 58 outsides, rear portion after passing.As shown in Figure 6A, groove 68 communicates by the mouth 70 that extends radially inwardly in cannelure 71 and the percussion hammer 60.But herein, when position shown in percussion hammer 60 is in,, therefore stopped flowing of liquid because mouthfuls 70 covered by the front 74 of minor diameter 56.

Cutter head axle 21A is generally cylindrical shape, wherein cuts open the radial spline 72A that part evenly separates but have a series of edges, and they are along the longitudinal tensile strain of axle 21A.Spline 72 close fit also are slidingly mounted in the respective grooves 74 that is arranged at sleeve 76 inside.Sleeve 76 is removably mounted on the front end of tubular shell 48 by screw thread 78, and has the drive end bearing bracket 80 that is fixed thereon by bolt 81.Spline 72 preferably includes has the main spline (seeing the 75B among Fig. 5 B) that increases width, and this main spline is assemblied in the corresponding major trough of sleeve 76.Main spline 75 guarantees cutter head 19 and sniffer proper alignment so that turn to, and also should take steps to guarantee that the major trough in the sleeve 76 is in the tram.For this reason, can be provided for sleeve 76 is installed in the hole 79 of the bolt 81 on the drive end bearing bracket 80, only make can be in the hole 79 be in respect to lid 80 correct position the time could inserting bolt 81.Lid 80 has a series of splines 81 successively, and this spline 81 engages the groove 83 of hammer housing front portion, if necessary, comprises that also the combination of main spline and groove is to guarantee correct assembling.If same groove 83 is darker diametrically, then also can be used for corresponding spline on the coupling spool 76 as the another kind of mode that sleeve 76 is locked in the tram.

According to the object of the invention, the width of main spline and groove can be greater than or less than other spline, so that the lock function that needs is provided.The spline joint 85 that connects hammer 16 and sniffer support body 14 has main spline and groove.The connection of a series of lockings has guaranteed cutter head 19, and particularly following batchmeter post (gage tower) will correctly be located about sniffer.

When the drilling rod group was exerted pressure on drill bit 10 along direction forward, this pressure overcame pressure fluid and begins to retract cutter head 19A, dwindles the gap between cutter head 19A and the drive end bearing bracket 80.Force cutter head axle 21A and percussion hammer 60 in tandem toward travelling backwards so successively.When such action took place, mouth 70 moved backward, opened when it arrives the cannelure of outwards opening in the minor diameter front portion 56 of bar 42 82.At this moment, compressed liquid flows through groove 82, outwards flows through to be similar to mouthfuls 70 but by second radial port 84 that mouth 70 setover backward, passes the longitudinal extension groove 86 in percussion hammer 60 outsides and arrives preceding pressure chamber 88.At this moment, percussion hammer 60 is owing to the effect of pressure in the chamber 88 begins to move backward, and open between the back anvil face 62 of percussion hammer 60 and cutter head axle 21A in the gap.But, be installed in the cutter head axle 21A rear end and percussion hammer 60 mesopores 91 front ends in stepped plastic pipe 89 prevent that temporarily the liquid that compresses from entering in the centre bore 90 among the cutter head axle 21A.

When percussion hammer 60 continued its backward stroke, deutostoma 84 was covered by the front portion 56 of bar 42, and the rear end of percussion hammer 60 cleaning plastic sleeves makes ante-chamber 88 pressure releases by scavenge port 22A.Pressure fluid sprays in the hole by cutter head and becomes foam.At this moment, the power in the back pressure chamber 54 increases, and percussion hammer is slowed down also oppositely begin its stroke forward.Exhaust is preferably carried out by the passage aisle 93 that spline connects in 94 in the chamber 92 at percussion hammer 60 rear portions, so that prevent to form too high pressure in chamber 92.Hammer 16 continuous operation and when applying predetermined threshold thrust, starting working automatically by this way by the drilling rod group.

Cutter head 19A has radially extension or batchmeter post 96A, and it has several batchmeter cutting knife 97A, and this batchmeter cutting knife 97A is similar to other hard-metal insert or piece 20A usually.As shown in Fig. 4,5A and 5B, wherein cutter head 19B is similar to cutter head 19A, and except spline 72B was divided into the front and back section, a cutter head axle 21B and an axle 21A were more or less the same as shown in the figure.

At least three batchmeter cutting knifes 97 are preferably arranged, i.e. middle part that is positioned at post, other two with its spaced at equal intervals, form circular arc, be typically expressed as imaginary circle greater than cutter head 19 excircles.But, even can proving, single cutting knife 97 satisfies some purposes, also require the width of such batchmeter post 96 to be not more than the width of single cutting knife 97.But preferably batchmeter post 96 forms about 45 to 90 angle A of spending (seeing Figure 18) about the longitudinal axis of drill bit 10, or its length is approximately 1/2 to 3/4 of cutter head 19 width.Batchmeter cutting knife 97, similar tooth 20 is preferably tungsten carbide slug.

Taking dimensions is term, the diameter in the hole that its expression is formed by cutter head 19.Turn around if cutter head revolves, this diameter is batchmeter post and the size of one or more batchmeter cutting knife 97 by being delimited by the heel on cutter head 19 opposite sides 98.Bearing surface is played in root zone 98, and it applies reaction force to batchmeter drilling action.The main drilling face 99 that comprises piece 20 is removed material in the mode identical with traditional non-controlled bump rock-boring from the central area in hole.

Fig. 4-5B and 8-20

show cutter head

19C, 19D, 19E, the 19F of several versions that can use in the present invention.As described below, according to the mode of cutter work, heel 98 can be bigger inclined-plane (98C), or have by after forward gradient (seeing 98F).Similarly, batchmeter post 96 can stretch out a fundamental distance (96E, 96F), or only stretches out (96C) slightly, if perhaps cutter head 19 has suitable asymmetric shape then do not stretch out.In Figure 12-15, be provided for the skewed slot 101 of muck haulage and drilling.In Figure 16-20, each jet 22 also comprise extend by mouth 22E, 22F and with shallow radial slot 102E, the 102F of foam delivery to the excircle of cutter head 19E, 19F.Although proved

cutter head

19E and 19F to relevant in soil and rock controlling party to state be the most effective, also verified each embodiment among these embodiment can successfully hole.

The present invention allows manage or cable is placed on underground, be in the solid particles of rock state the desired depth place and along can bending or the path placement that changes of direction.The operator begins described process on ground or in the pitting that has excavated, activate impact hammer 16 by gas or liquid and pass rock rapidly and hole, and in any plane slowly controlling party to change.The operator can keep the degree of depth that requires like this, and correctly passes other existing the burying between the communal facility that requires the path in meeting and control.

Influencing each other between a kind of motion that improves the drilling rod group that is connected with pneumatic hammer particularly in the shape of cutter head in the bump drilling process with directional drilling machine.The motion of relevant cutter head upper-part is very important.Cutter head 19F shown in Figure 18-20 does not depend on that operation planar, gradient or angle are to cause the change of direction.When cutter head 19F is impacted and rotate with Constant Angular Velocity by the consistent anglec of rotation with under about the endless form of drilling rod group, owing to form asymmetric borehole shape, thereby finish the direction change, this angle is less than a turn over.

Rotary speed must be near constant, so that make carbide alloy

bump cutting knife

20F, 97F penetrate whole cutting face.The anglec of rotation must make that boring is asymmetric less than a turn over.The angle that turns over for many circulations must be consistent, and every circulation penetration is restricted, and according to ROCK CONDITIONS and rotary speed, every circulation is 0.05 to 0.25.This angle must be greater than 0, otherwise can not carry out drilling, and it is above to 240 degree to be generally 45 degree, and 180 degree to 240 degree scopes can obtain best result.The mid point that angle is inswept must be consistent, and changes so that cause direction.

The boring that forms will be asymmetric, because the cutter head shape is asymmetric and it not exclusively rotates around drilling rod group axis.Adopt above-mentioned action to hole and get into certain distance and carry out a plurality of circulations, asymmetric boring will cause that direction changes (seeing Figure 16) gradually.This boring makes cutter head axis and cutter head be able to tilt at angle about drilling axis greater than drill bit 10 or drilling rod group.Space between drill bit and the drill hole wall makes drill bit 10 be able in the boring medium dip by the boring power that produces or resets.The existence of batchmeter post 96 makes the center of pressure on the cutter head face shift to some points near batchmeter cutting knife 97 by (non-handle hammer have) drill bit central axis.This static thrust and quality are along the effect of cutter head axis.Reaction force from bump drilling effect is very important, and each peak force that impacts reaches 50000LB easily and continues several milliseconds.

Because impact forces along the axis effect that is different from hammer quality and thrust, therefore produces moment (moment of torsion), it can make drill bit 10 and drilling rod group carry out bending in the gap of boring.Drill bit can be tending towards rotation and leave the batchmeter post.This action expression drill bit is in new direction and holes, to advance along this axis.This axis continuously changes, and it has formed crooked bore path.

Form circular symmetry boring in order to avoid in operation in controlling party, cutter head 19 must not carry out drilling in whole revolution.In order to realize this cyclic process, when arriving the angle border, the operator can rotate in opposite direction, or is retracted and continued rotation by drilling face, up to the point that arrives beginning.The mode of the third selection is to be retracted and rotated in opposite direction and get back to starting point by drilling face.Successfully used all these three kinds of methods, if but rotation of employing low-angle and hole are extremely asymmetric, and then the third method can make troubles.In this case, cutter head can not rotate and can be stuck.

Shown in use the critical piece of all good cutter heads 19 to be mounted in batchmeter cutting knife 97 on the batchmeter post 96.No matter whether designed oblique heel or wedge-shaped part 98 in cutter head, drill bit 10 must have the batchmeter post to carry out good direction control in solid particles of rock.Drill bit 10 will not be with the batchmeter post but control with wedge-shaped part travel direction in graininess bulk materials such as soil.Can also not adopt wedge-shaped part and adopt the batchmeter post in graininess soil controlling party to.Adopt two parts in soil, to turn to the most soon.

It is very important placing block in hammer/sniffer housing unit.Batchmeter post one side that makes the center of gravity of block be partial to hammer into shape axis is harmful to.Can allow to place it in the center.It is favourable that its diasporometer measuring device post is placed.The active force of centrifugal block can increase the expection deflection of hammer, improve thus the controlling party that can realize to maximal rate.Because the Mass Distribution of hammer 16 is symmetrical substantially, can move by the barycenter that the biasing and the optional starting handle 12 of sniffer housing 14 are adjusted drill bit 10 easily away from the batchmeter post, so that change the barycenter of drill bit 10 along beneficial direction.

The anglec of rotation influence controlling party to speed.The small rotation angle forms more eccentric borehole shape and improves turning velocity.But, the little anglec of rotation also form than high rotation angle degree little than small bore, and be difficult to by boring in pull out hammer backward.

What usually, the eccentric bigger cutter head design meeting design more less than off-centre turned to is faster.Offset is restricted to be by transmitting the problem that moment of deflection is brought by the axial hammer body of slip cutter head.Eccentric bigger cutter head has big moment, and more easy to wear at the slip joint place.The moment that exists has caused the wide bearing surface on the cutter head axle spline and the aiding support of spline back.

Drill bit unique distinction of the present invention is, compares with the compressible substance that soil is such, can bring difficulty to operation although solid particles of rock occurs, and the operator can not influenced by it and indiscriminately ad. as one wishes make bore path skew (or along straightaway).Resultant motion realizes turning to or straight line boring.Use with to the hammer channeling conduct with the operating characteristic of the hammer of bit geometry combination and various rotatablely moving.

Straight boring is the direction of easy acquisition.Owing to providing scope by the drilling rod group is the compressed air of 80-350psi, therefore applied thrust on hammer.Thrust is on the flat side of a hammer, and counteracting has been applied to the gas pressure on the reciprocating drill bit.Hammer and drilling rod group must travel forward, towards hammer compression drill bit about 1/2 to 1 ".Bit location has changed the configuration of internal valves about the variation of hammering the position into shape and has begun to carry out the bump of cutter.Generally be applied to the pressure applied pressure when starting hammer slightly only on the hammer.

In order to make boring straight, the operator is around the continuous rotary rig of drilling rod group axis.Speed is generally 5 to 200RPM.Peak performance depends on hammer speed and rotary speed, hammer speed be generally 500 to 1200 bumps/minute.Ideal velocity for cause tungsten carbide slug (tangentially) leave last time bump continuously its diameter of bump (general piece diameter is 1/2 ") 1/2.In this example, by the capitate of per minute 700 times bump become 6 " boring of diameter should calculate by following mode: piece diameter=.50 ", 1/2 diameter=.25 "; girth=6.0 " * π=18.84 "; the rotation=.25 of each bump "/18.84 " * 360 degree=4.78 degree; number of degrees * 700 bump numbers/minute=3346 degree/minute, 3346/360=9.3RPM.Speed is usually greater than this speed.When block graphics (pattern) misalignment bit central, around theoretical drilling axis drilling circular hole.This axis is positioned at the centre between batchmeter cutting knife outermost and the steering surface bottom (heel).

Boring circular arc (turning to) need be than along more complicated the moving of straightaway.This explanation is that supposition is upwards turned to by nominal horizontal drilling axis.Can obtain any direction by the mid point orientation to divertical motion again.In order upwards to turn to, the batchmeter cutting knife must be positioned in top, below steering surface or heel are positioned at.Clock face is positioned at the bore surfaces front portion during imagination, and the operator is positioned at 8 startings from the batchmeter piece.The drilling rod group is pushed into bore surfaces and activates hammer thus.In case get into smooth, the drilling rod group turns clockwise with the ideal velocity of the straight boring of optimum Match.When rotation continues 8 hours of clock face, arrive 4 points up to the batchmeter piece.At this moment, hammer is returned to be enough to piece is pulled away from bore surfaces, and hammer is stopped.Drilling rod group inhour rotates to 8 and repeat this process, perhaps can use the another kind of method that turns back to above-mentioned starting point.

This method is known as inclination, drilling is gone out roughly circle, but the rock sliver is stayed on the bottom.Sliver is a bed rock.Repeatedly repeat this process, per 4 hours clock circulation can advancing .20 ".Adopt 30 times/minute circulation rate, then advance 6 "/minute.Continue the boring profile that drilling as the crow flies has semicircle face and contact this bed rock up to steering surface (taper).When moving on, the bed rock sliver forces profile to increase.6 " height that has of sliver shown in the boring is 0.12 ".The steering surface at off-axis 12 degree angles with this sliver or bed rock to arch 0.12 " and be moved beyond about .57 ".Cutter head is used the straight drilling of its semi-circular profile about 2.5 once more " distance, contact this flat bed once more up to steering surface.

This process is to have the ladder operation of adopting conical lifter, straight step as shown in figure 16.The action of bed rock has not only changed the height of drill bit, and helps it to change the angle inclination.The rear portion of drilling rod group (approximately apart from this face rear portion 30 ") as balance pivot or pin joint.The rear portion that do not raise, the front of hammer that raises then makes it topple over.Because direction is carried out enough changes, the operator can straightly hole now, has realized steering correction.Only 32 " advance in the drill bit direction change 3 degree, even in compressible medium, should numeral also can allow.

The above-mentioned method that turns to is the most effective in rock, but can also be used for soil or other loose medium.In addition, can also adopt the technology that stops cutter head rotation and rely on the cutter head side heel area to turn to cause to depart to be implemented in the soil along anticipated orientation.As mentioned above, when turning in this mode, it is the most effective that hammer is turned round continuously.

Because the destruction that is caused by process of the present invention is minimum, the expense in the place of therefore resuming work is minimum often.Even in boring, run into solid particles of rock, also can below being divided into the highway of multilane, form boring, and use this road simultaneously.When equipment is regained on the limit by road, need not destroy or carry out traffic control, do not use explosive, in boring, constantly follow the tracks of bit location, the opposite side that does not need the equipment of heaviness to be transported to road goes.Can begin, and can realize boring by forming rock face at impact point at surface drilling.In addition, if must pass sand ground or soil in order to arrive the rock stratum, drill bit then of the present invention allows to turn under such condition.

Alternative embodiment

In alternative embodiment, can make impact hammer work of the present invention with liquid medium, with to drilling operate portions transferring power.Liquid medium can comprise moisture and non-aqueous fluid (for example bore with fluid solution, disperse thing or mud) rather than compressible fluid (as air).The fluid power drive fluid is used to make the work of fluid drives hammer like this, can comprise moisture and non-aqueous fluid, and this fluid can be prepared with the additive with various useful properties.Drilling operation in, this drilling operation has comprised provides the brill that helps drilling operation with fluid (generally well-known be drilling slurry), preferably uses such brill to transmit operating pressure with fluid and drives hammer with drive fluid.But Yin Dao fluid power drive fluid can also be used for operating fluid driving hammer respectively.

Be suitable for basis that drive fluid drives hammer and be the dispersion thing that the fluid of water comprises the aqueous solution or has various types of materials, as synthesizing polymeric material or natural or synthesis of clay, known they have and expand and lubrication property, as the colloidal substance clay.Other basis that also can be used for drive fluid driving hammer is that the fluid of water comprises with water being the brill fluid of basis, contains CaO, CaCO3, lime and potassium compound and similar inorganic material.Fluid can mix polymeric material in a small amount, comprise preferred unmodified polymer additive and sulfide polymer, as styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (styrene-maleric anhydride copolymer) and at least a water soluble (CO) polymers by acrylic acid, the preparation of acrylic amine or derivatives thereof.Other moisture brill comprises water with fluid, is mixed with gelling agent, antifoamer in the water and by the glyceryl alcohol of choosing in the group that comprises glycerine, polyglycereol and its mixture.Other comprises anti-latex (inver emulsion) brill fluid.Basis be the fluid of polymer can have organically or the carbohydrate thickener formulated, thickener comprises cellulosic cpd, polyacrylamide, natural emulsion mannosan (galactomannan) and various other polysaccharide.

Being suitable for the basis that drive fluid drives hammer 216 is that water-free fluid comprises synthetic fluid, and this fluid comprises polyglycols, synthetic carbohydrate fluid, organic ester, phosphate and silicon.

But understand that the basis that is used for drive fluid driving hammer is that water and basis are not limited to above-mentioned these fluids for the fluid of water.Those skilled in the art can know and can adopt other fluid not deviate from scope of the present invention as boring with fluid and driven plunger hammer.

Compare with fluid-operated jump bit and pneumatic impact hammer and to have several extra characteristics and advantage.For example, the fluid drives hammer can worked under about 800 to 2000psi operating pressures rather than under the working pressure range of the employed 80-350psi of compressed air beche.Fluid power drives the higher-wattage that the service behaviour of hammer under higher operating pressure produces jump bit, has therefore improved the work capacity that is used to hole.

As mentioned above, the maximum working pressure (MWP) that is generally used for driving beche is limited to about 300 to 500psi.Beche is subjected to the restriction of low operating pressure, and this part is caused by the factor that endangers safety intrinsic when with the compressible flow body running.For example, the potential destruction that work zone cause pressure line lost efficacy and causes under hundreds of psi (with higher) operating pressure.In order to solve these potential safety problems, so beche is limited to about maximum working pressure (MWP) of 300 to 500psi usually.

In addition, because square being directly proportional of the energy of beche and its speed, and speed is directly proportional with operating pressure, therefore, the energy that is used to hole with square being directly proportional of operating pressure.Therefore, any restriction to the beche operating pressure directly causes the restriction to the work capacity that is used to hole.

Other characteristic that fluid power drives hammer is to have the energy transfer efficiency that is higher than beche.For example and since the compression ratio of liquid actual be zero, in most of practical applications, can ignore, therefore because the fluid power that the heat that is caused by compression conversion causes drives energy loss in the hammer actual is zero.But this is to contrast with beche, and beche owing to be used to drives the compressibility of fluid of hammer and off-energy efficient.For example, when gas temperature rising when compressing, this heat is dispersed in the environment and goes, and reduces the energy efficiency of beche thus.

In addition, in boring,, therefore be used for the liquid that can not reduction pressure that operating fluid drives hammer owing to the passage that fluid is directed to hammer remains full of.This situation with beche is different, when new pipeline section joins on the drilling rod group with each, and the common step-down of gas line.Therefore, before proceeding drilling operation, the volume in the gas line must repressurize.Be appreciated that when the drilling rod quantity in the drilling rod group increases, need be pretty troublesome to the pipeline repressurize.

Another feature of fluid drives hammer is to take away the drilling cuttings around the drilling rod group that produces boring work from drilling rod group front portion.The liquid that uses up flows out the drilling rod group by the passage that is arranged on the drilling rod group, provides effective method for this reason and drilling cuttings is taken away by the drill bit front portion.Otherwise the air that uses up in beche can not resemble takes away drilling cuttings the liquid that uses up effectively.

Person of skill in the art will appreciate that fluid drives hammer 216 (seeing Figure 22) are usually to carry out work with above-mentioned with reference to the identical principle of pneumatic hammer 16.And as mentioned above, no matter every type hammer is that strength drives or fluid power drives, and all has only to be useful on the remarkable advantage that the medium (as the compressible fluid convection cell) that drives hammer just has.Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, pneumatic hammer 16 can be hammered 100 (seeing Figure 21 and 22), 400 (seeing Figure 23 and 24) or 216 (seeing Figure 25) into shape with fluid drives and replace.For example, fluid drives hammer 100,400 and 216 can drive with fluid or any other fluid power drive fluid known in those skilled in the art with boring, and can not deviate from scope of the present invention.

Person of skill in the art will appreciate that fluid drives hammer of the present invention can be the hammer of any kind known in the art.For example, the fluid drives hammer can be that this paper with these patent contents as a reference by disclosed type among the US5014796 of the US5107944 of US5785995, the Gustafsson of US5715897, the Eckwall of Gustafsson and/or Gustafsson.But person of skill in the art will appreciate that the hammer that is disclosed in these lists of references can not be controlled, do not comprise sniffer and be not applied in the horizontal drilling.

Usually, fluid drives hammer and other fluid hammer need the operating pressure of certain level and flow so that activate hammer.In addition, fluid drives hammer needs the power (thrust that produces as the actuator by the horizontal direction rig) of bump drilling rod group, the piston of its resistance hammer.Under this power effect, hammer can not activated, and is irrelevant with the pressure or the fluid that are applied on the hammer.

The design that can convection cell drives hammer improves so that change relation (as thrust and operating pressure) between these parameters.Therefore, fluid drives hammer is applied on the hammer operating pressure by liquid transfer in the time of can being designed on boring cutter head without any thrust, and bores the nominal force that cutter head applies and make the starting of fluid drives hammer heading on subsequently.This design is called as the design of standard (NIN) type fluid drives hammer subsequently.

The G-Drill of Sweden has made the design of a kind of standard type (NIN) fluid drives hammer, and it is specified for commercial by Water Powered ITH Hammer WASSARA W100 and W100S and uses.Here the standard type NIN fluid drives of indication hammer is usually designed to the water that cleans and comes work as drive fluid.Be appreciated that when the brill that is used to drive hammer is used fluid, can improve standard type NIN fluid drives hammer.For example, can revise the internal clearance and constitute the material of NIN hammer, make and boring with higher tack that fluid had usually with than hammer is accurately operated.

Figure 21 and 22 has shown the example of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer 100.Here the brief description hammer 100.But, must be with reference to the US5715897 of Gustafsson for hammer is described in more detail.

In the work of the fluid power bump motor in Figure 21 and 22 described embodiment, the supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 causes that piston hammer 124 moves along its forward stroke by the supercharging of piston area 137.The decompression in rear drive chamber 126 makes piston hammer 124 move along its backward stroke.By making front wheel driving chamber 134 continuous pressurizations on piston area 136, form backward stroke.

The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 and decompression are controlled by the position of guiding valve 140.Guiding valve 140 has two operating positions.Figure 21 has shown first operating position, and to 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.The second operating position (not shown) moves backward to sliding threshold 140 and leans against on the bonnet 138.This position causes to be reduced pressure in rear drive chamber 126 and chain of command A1 and A2.Because the continuous bias voltage on the chain of command A3, although chain of command A1 and A2 decompression, guiding valve 140 also remains on second operating position.

Guiding valve 140 moves Position Control by piston hammer 124 by primary importance to the circulation of the second place.When piston hammer 124 moved forward with bump brill cutter head 114, chain of command A2 supercharging made chain of command A2 decompression so that guiding valve 140 moves towards its second operating position.When piston hammer 124 arrived the limit of backward stroke, chain of command A1 reduced pressure so that guiding valve 140 moves to its first operating position.

When starting, suppose that machine is in initial decompression state.Pressurized water enters machine and makes annular space 158 superchargings as mentioned above by bonnet 122.A plurality of parallel channels 157 pass valve chest 120 vertically and connect front wheel driving chamber 134 and space 158.Therefore, front wheel driving chamber 134 supercharging immediately when starting in fact.Similarly, a plurality of passages will enter one in the annular chamber 147 row mouthfuls 162 and link to each other with booster cavity 158, so as chamber 147 in fact when starting with regard to supercharging immediately.

When starting, can not infer that guiding valve 140 or piston hammer 124 are in any ad hoc structure.Therefore, will analyze the different structure state, every kind of analysis supposes that all machine has the front wheel driving chamber 134 of supercharging and the annular chamber 147 of supercharging now, as previously mentioned.

In addition, preferably can the restrictive axial position of piston hammer 124 be limited.Can be by adopting pipe 123 to stop limited piston hammer 124 after move, make mouthfuls 160 preferably to stay open.In addition, adopt face A5 limited piston hammer 124 by stopping of valve chest 120 after move.Or employing face 137 limited piston hammer 124 by stopping of valve chest 120 after move, effectively close rear drive chamber 126 and pass and remain silent 160.The liquid that is leaked in the rear drive chamber 126 by mouth 160 then makes piston area 137 superchargings as required.

The reach of piston hammer 124 can be restricted by the bump of target (boring cutter head 114) (as shown in figure 22).Under this restriction forward, between the piston area of surfaces A 6 and guide bearing 118 and surfaces A 6, produce the gap, guarantee piston area supercharging when starting of surfaces A 6.

At first, suppose that guiding valve 140 is the position that is in forward when starting, as shown in figure 22.Annular chamber 147 communicates with annular chamber 148, and through port 162, passage 159 and mouth 160 will make 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.

If piston hammer 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward,

mouth

153 and 155 can be closed.Mouth 156 can be opened.Opening 156 communicates with front wheel driving chamber 134, and makes piston area A1 supercharging by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, keeps guiding valve 140 to be in its position forward.The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 will start piston hammer 124 and carry out its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.

The axial location if piston hammer 124 mediates (mouth 153 is closed),

mouth

155 and 156 can open or close when starting.If

mouth

155 or 156 is opened, then then piston area A1 meeting supercharging perhaps by the front wheel driving chamber 134 of per os 156, is perhaps passed through the rear drive chamber 126 through oral area 155.Guiding valve 140 can remain on its position forward thus, and piston hammer 124 will be finished its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.

If

mouth

155 and 156 is closed when starting, the supercharging meeting in rear drive chamber 126 starts piston hammer 124 and moves forward.In initial forward stroke, mouth 155 can be opened subsequently, can make piston area A1 supercharging in regular working cycles.

If piston hammer is in or the extreme position of close its reach,

mouthful

153 and 155 meetings be opened when starting.The supercharging meeting in rear drive chamber 126 (through port 155) makes piston area A1 supercharging, and meeting (through port 153) makes piston A2 supercharging.Guiding valve 140 can move to its position backward makes rear drive chamber 126 decompression and the supercharging by piston area 136 make piston hammer 124 begin to carry out the back stroke.

Then, suppose that guiding valve 140 is in it forward and the centre position between the settling position backward.If guiding valve 140 carries out enough reaches, make annular chamber 147 and annular chamber 148 keep communicating, then start-up course will be identical with the start-up course of above-mentioned guiding valve fully forward 140.

If guiding valve 140 is in or near backward settling position, then shoulder 149 prevents to communicate between annular chamber 147 and the annular chamber 148.Therefore, when starting, rear drive chamber 126 is with not supercharging immediately.

If plunger shaft 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward,

mouth

153 and 155 can be closed.Mouth 156 can be opened.Opening 156 communicates with front wheel driving chamber 134 and makes piston area A1 supercharging by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, drives guiding valve 140 and moves to its settling position forward.Annular chamber 148 can communicate with annular chamber 147 now, makes 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 will start piston hammer 124 and carry out its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.

The axial location if piston hammer 124 mediates (mouth 153 is closed),

mouth

155 and 156 can open or close when starting.If

mouth

155 or 156 is opened, then piston area A1 meeting supercharging perhaps by the front wheel driving chamber 134 of per os 156, is perhaps passed through the rear drive chamber 126 of per os 155.Guiding valve 140 can be driven to its settling position forward thus, and piston hammer 124 will be finished its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.

If

mouthfuls

155 and 156 close when starting, it is mobile backward with the circulation of starting working (rear drive chamber 126 still not can supercharging) that the supercharging in front wheel driving chamber 134 will start piston hammer 124.Mouth 156 is opened in initial backward stroke subsequently, makes piston area A1 supercharging in regular working cycles.

If piston hammer 124 is in or the extreme position of close its reach, then

mouth

153 and 155 will be opened when starting.But rear drive chamber 126 can supercharging, so the supercharging meeting in front wheel driving chamber 134 starts piston hammer 124 and moves with the circulation of starting working backward.

Be appreciated that the above-mentioned standard type NIN hammer called after Water Powered ITH HammerWASSARA of manufacturing, model is W100/W100S.This hammer comprises the characteristic when not having masterpiece to be used in to bore on the cutter head 114, and pressure is applied on the piston hammer 124, and charging fluid is by piston hammer 124 passage of gushing out.

Provided an example of the work limit of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer in the following table 1, for example Water PowerITH Hammer WASSARA model is W100/W100S.

Table 1

Power is applied on the brill cutter head of 300-500lbs. at least, the liquid stream that needs to start hammer will be 5 to 20 gallons of per minutes (gpm):

1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, then fluid flows and will be limited in:

When a) power on acting on the brill cutter head was in about 0-500lbs, flowing velocity must be set at about 10 to 15gpm;

When b) power on acting on the brill cutter head was greater than about 500lbs, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);

2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, then fluid-flow rate should be set in minimum flow velocity:

A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);

In addition, be appreciated that and design a kind of fluid drives hammer, do not act on any power hour hammer on the feasible brill cutter head and do not work.This is commonly referred to as flushing (flushing) position.Like this, when hammer is in flush position, the power that applies in the staking-out work scope to the brill cutter head will can not start hammer.This design later on refers to initiatively wash type GIN design, has described a kind of design of the type in the US5014796 patent of Gustafsson.

Initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives hammer is made by the G-Drill AB of Sweden, and this hammer is that GIN W100/W100S " G2 " sells with the model.As mentioned above, the design of normative reference type NIN fluid drives hammer, the active wash type GIN fluid drives of indication hammer also is usually designed to the water than cleaning and operates with fluid as boring here.Be appreciated that when using brill to drive hammer, can improve standard type GIN fluid drives hammer with fluid.For example, can improve the internal clearance and constitute the material that GIN hammers into shape, make and come the proper operation hammer with fluid with the brill that viscosity higher and higher degree pollutant are arranged usually.

Figure 23 a, 23b and 24 show initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives hammer 400.Although will briefly explain hammer 400 here, make further instruction to hammering 400 into shape among the US5014796 of Gustafsson.Referring now to Figure 23 a and 23b, show the shell 418 of rotary rock drill 410, it is made of the oval cylindrical tube that generally has than uniform thickness, and this pipe has interior annular adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 preferably is integral with valve box 412, and cylinder 411 is contained in the shell 418 and is supported by the loop configuration 414 and 415 of radial separation, and loop configuration 414 and 415 is resisted against on the adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 is fixed in the shell 418 vertically by tubular cartridge 416, and tubular cartridge 416 is extended between the back of valve box 412 and bonnet (not shown).Lining 416 is fixed on the rear portion of shell 418 by screw thread, and in normal way rotation is passed to shell 418.

The inside of lining 418 forms mouth 417, provides usually to use the preferably drilling pipe of water of high-pressure fluid.Water should and be used for driving the brill of going into the well by bonnet and confession.

As blocking shown in the view of Figure 23 b, it is ccontaining slidably and remain in the sleeve pipe 421 to bore cutter head 420, sleeve pipe 421 by screw fit to the front end of shell 418.The anvil portion 419 of boring cutter head 420 stretches out in the cannelure 422 of sleeve pipe 421.Guide bearing 423 in the sleeve pipe 421 is arranged on the rear portion of groove 422.Brill cutter head 420 has the irrigation channel 424 that runs through, and leads to its work end, between sleeve pipe 421 and brill cutter head 420 common spline is set and connects (not shown), will rotate by shell 418 thus to be delivered to here.

Form long chamber 425 by shell 418, extend between the loop configuration 414 and 415 of the separation of guide bearing 423 that bores cutter head sleeve pipe 421 and cylinder 411 in long chamber 418.Chamber 425 remains under the low fluid pressure forever, and promptly the one or more relief passages 426 owing to connection chamber 425 and cannelure 422 reduce pressure, and cannelure 422 communicates with irrigation channel 424 in the brill cutter head 420.

Hammer 428 can move back and forth in shell 418, so that repeat the anvil 419 that bores cutter head 420 is clashed into.And the rear end that is preferably in hammer 428 is provided with driven plunger 429.Hammer 428 bump front end has axle journal 430, and axle journal 430 is slidingly mounted in the guide bearing 423 of sleeve pipe 421, and cylindrical shape is amplified hammer portion 432 and is arranged in the chamber 425 in reciprocating mode.Diameter increase portion 432 is used to increase the Impact energy of hammer 428 and makes and has enough gaps in the chamber 425, and low pressure liquid flows between the end in chamber 425 substantially in the clear when moving back and forth with box lunch hammer 428.

Have the neck 431 that dwindles between the hammer portion 432 of piston 429 and increase, the diameter of this neck 431 equals the diameter of axle journal 430.Neck 431 is centered on by radial separation ring structure 414,415 and seals and freely move back and forth in ring structure 414,415.

Axially irrigation channel 434 extends through hammer 428 along the middle part, and in its rear piston 429, has the boring 435 of increase, the mode that piston 429 can seal is slided on middle part low pressure or pressure release conduit 438, and conduit 438 and cylinder 411 are coaxial and constitute the ingredient of cylinder 411 or be fixed on the cylinder 411.Conduit 438 communicates fully with middle part piston channel 434 and 412 inside, valve box.

Piston 429 to be sliding and the mode of sealing is installed in the cylinder 411 that forms actuator chamber 439, and the rear end face 440 of piston 429 is in the face of this actuator chamber 439, and chamber 439 is used for driving hammer 428 and moves forward and carry out its driving stroke.

Around the neck 431 that dwindles relative cylinder chamber 441 is set, drive surface 442 is towards this chamber 441 relatively for annular, and drive surface 442 is less than drive surface 440 and be suitable for forcing piston 429 to move backward to finish hammer 428 backward strokes.

Valve box 412 has axial hole 445, and tubular control valve 446 (preferably guiding valve) moves back and forth in axial hole 445.Therefore the inside of control valve 446 and conduit 438 normal opens also remain on the low fluid pressure of irrigation channel 434 and 424.Control valve 446 has with the sealing and the mode of sliding and is installed in differential piston 447 in the axial hole 445, is screwed in lid 448 sealing axial holes 445 in the valve box 412 by screw thread.Lid 448 is enclosed within on the upper skirt 449 of control valve 446 in the mode of sealing and slip.The opposite end of control valve forms skirt end 451.The waist 452 that dwindles is arranged between skirt end 451 and the differential piston 447.The external diameter of skirt end 451 is less times greater than the external diameter of upper skirt 449, and is slightly less than the diameter in hole 445.Intermediate step portion 450 is 445 borders, hole.The guiding of stretching out dangle that portion 454 (seeing Figure 24) is arranged on the axial vane surface of skirt end 451 and when control valve 446 between the position of the position of Figure 23 a and Figure 24 during reciprocating motion as guide, skirt end 451 is near getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation 453 and seal in the position of Figure 23 a, in position shown in Figure 24, skirt end 451 is near intermediate step 450 sealings.

Fluid passage 458 links to each other high-pressure mouth 417 by branched bottom 459 with valve opening 445, to apply constant lateral pressure down on differential valve piston 447, make control valve 446 be partial to rear piston thus, as shown in figure 24.Fluid passage 460 will drive the top of cylinder chamber 439 and link to each other with annular inside groove 455 in the valve box 412.

In operation, control valve 446 be suitable for responding moving of hammer 428 particularly respond control flume 433 on piston 429 the position and move back and forth.For this reason, shown in Figure 23 a and 24, control channel 461 is extended and will be linked to each other with cylindrical wall between

chamber

439 and 441 at the control chamber 480 of valve opening 445 upper ends.These chambeies are aimed at piston control flume 433, shown in Figure 23 a position, control flume 433 is connected control channel 461 with the fluid passage 462 of leading to low pressure chamber 425, because the upper end earial drainage of valve opening 445, the above-mentioned valve bias voltage that makes progress makes control valve 446 be moved upwards up to its position shown in Figure 24, wherein descends valve skirt section 451 near intermediate step 450 sealings.

Therefore, when the hammer among Figure 23 b 428 impinges upon on the anvil block 419 and during the upper end earial drainage of valve opening 445, the high pressure that is delivered to valve opening 445 lower ends by

passage

458 and 459 by mouth 417 moves to control valve 446 position of Figure 24.At this moment, and the hammer under the bias effect that makes progress at it 428 moves to the position of Figure 24, and actuator chamber 439 will 453 be emptied to conduit 438 by passage 460 and getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation of opening.The fluid that flows out is introduced into

passage

434 and 424 to wash by bore the hole that cutter head 420 gets out in rock.

When the rear positions among arrival Figure 24, the control flume 433 of piston 429 connects branched bottoms 463 and high-pressure channel 458 is communicated with passage 461.This makes valve opening 445 end superchargings.Because the diameter between the

valve skirt section

449 and 451 is poor, the rear surface that makes differential valve piston 447 has formed on valve piston 447 and has produced constant bias voltage backward greater than relative clean surface, and the result makes control valve be moved back into the position of Figure 23 A.Therefore, intermediate valve step 450 is opened, and drives cylinder chamber 439 and links to each other with high fluid pressure with passage 460 by

passage

458 and 459, valve waist 452.As a result, force hammer 428 to finish its driving stroke,, see Figure 23 B so that on the anvil block 419 that bores cutter head, clash into.Then repeat aforesaid operations.

In the lifting position of rotary rock drill, bore cutter head 420 and can sink a little forward by the position shown in Figure 23 B.At this moment, hammer 428 increase portion 432 is stopped, and the hammer barred also drops in the front hole 466 in the chamber 425.Simultaneously, high pressure branched bottom 463 communicates with actuator chamber 439.To carry out fluid flushing completely, purpose is the impact energy that changes the host rock churn drill by (being arranged in the wall conduit 438) hole 467 earial drainages in chamber 439.

Chamber 425 can be cooperated with hammer, and this hammer comprises the increase portion 432 with variable-length.This can represent by the dotted line of hammer 468 among Figure 23 B.

The water of 180bar (18Mpa) can be transported to mouth 417.The requirement that changes fluid in hammer moves back and forth is carried the compression of the water column in the rotary rock drill 410 and is expanded balance again by the pipe with fluid usually, avoids using bottom outlet gas-loaded accumulator thus.

Adopt the hydraulic pressure of 180bar (18Mpa) and the drill sleeve of 96mm diameter, for example, new valve design obtains the Impact energy of about 25-30kW and near the air blast frequency of 60Hz.Be approximately the 150-200 litre/minute water consumption obtained to be higher than the water flushing speed of 0.6 meter per second, this speed is enough to take away landwaste in the vertical drilling by lifting in diameter is the hole of 116mm.

Be appreciated that above-mentioned standard type GIN hammer has such characteristic, when not having masterpiece to be used on the brill cutter head 420, pressure is applied on the piston hammer 428, and charging fluid is gone out passage by piston hammer 428.

Above-mentioned model is that an example of the work limit of GIN W100/W100S " G2 " standard type GIN fluid drives hammer is provided by following table 2.

Table 2

1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, carry out by following order:

A) power is decreased to is approximately 0;

B) apply with the mobile fluid of the speed of 15gpm to the fluid hammer, the result makes hammer move to flush position;

C) from this moment, control rate of flow of fluid and the thrust that acts on the brill cutter head make:

Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs); Or

Maximum, force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm).

2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, carry out by following order:

A) rate of flow of fluid that will flow to hammer is decreased to and is approximately 0;

B) apply minimum force 500lbs;

C) use minimum flow velocity 15gpm;

D) control from this moment, make:

Minimum force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm); Or

Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs).

Referring now to Figure 25, in one embodiment, the drill bit 2 10 that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises probe support body/housing 214, the fluid drives hammer 216 as universal component from the head to the tail and bores tool bit assembly 218.Drill bit 210 also comprises starting handle 212.The end 213 of starting handle 212 connects the common drilling rod group that is driven by directional drilling machine.In one embodiment, brill is also carried by the passage in the probe support body 214 by drilling rod group, starting handle 212 with fluid.This fluid also is used for drive fluid and drives hammer 216.

Bore tool bit assembly 218 and comprise brill cutter head 219A and cutter head axle 221A, bore cutter head 2 19A and have row's cutting teeth 220A, cutter head axle 221A (seeing Figure 25 B) is used for boring the front end that cutter head 219A is installed in fluid drives hammer 216.Boring cutter head 219A is removably mounted on the 221A by the pin that rolls that inserts transverse holes 223.In one embodiment of the invention, be with the mouth 222A (seeing Figure 25 B) of angle to be arranged in the brill tool bit assembly 218 driving the consumption fluid of hammer 216 by the front portion ejaculation of boring cutter head 219A from fluid.Brill at band angle oral area 222A is used for and will takes away from the drilling cuttings that comprises soil and/or carg that bores the cutter head path with fluid.

In one embodiment, be provided with the drill bit 210 with probe support body 214, wherein probe support body 214 comprises connector.In one embodiment of the invention, this connector is a screw element 259, and it is suitable for being connected on the end of thread of fluid drives hammer 216.As mentioned above, be appreciated that spline connects arbitrary end that can be used for probe support body 214 is connected fluid drives hammer 216 and starting handle 212.The pin that rolls that has saved the same type of spline connects and can be used for brill cutter head 219A is installed in a 221A.

Refer again to Figure 25 and 25A, the end of thread 250 is set makes the longitudinal axis " L " the angulation θ of the center line of the end of thread 250 or the longitudinal axis " 1 " (bending axis) and drilling rod group.Angle θ can be typically about 1.5 ° by about 0.5 ° of extremely about 2.0 ° of variation.But, be appreciated that angle θ is subjected to the restriction of following condition, promptly drill bit 210 can be used to drill solid particles of rock and compressible soil.In other words, when piercing solid particles of rock, the angle of bending axis is no more than predetermined value, makes drill bit 210 not be stuck in the hole.The appointment longitudinal axis L that is further appreciated that the drilling rod group usually can near or be positioned at probe 214 and starting handle 212 places.

Fluid drives hammer 216 connects probe support bodys 214, makes the length of fluid drives hammer 216 and the longitudinal axis " L " the angulation θ of drilling rod group.Angle θ forms skew (or bending axis) so that drill bit 210 turns to.Those skilled in the art can understand the end of thread 250 that pneumatic hammer 216 can also connect probe support body 214 in a similar manner easily.

When holing in compressible substance such as soil, by utilizing by probe support body 210 and fluid drives hammer 216 bending axis that form, the operator can make drill bit 210 by straight path deflection or turn to along the offset direction that requires.For example, although in soil, hole in a generally horizontal direction, also can require drill bit 210 along usually up direction deflection.This can following mode realize, promptly by at first rotating whole drilling rod group, makes the part of the fluid drives hammer 216 that at utmost extended by the drilling rod group longitudinal axis " L " point to the yawing moment of requirement.When drill bit 210 being placed on the suitable deflection orientation, drill bit 210 is advanced by apply boring power by directional drilling machine.Therefore, deflection is carried out according to the orientation of fluid drives hammer 216 in the path of drill bit 210.This steering operation is similar to employed operation when drill bit is equipped with the bool that is used to make the deflection of drilling rod group or turns to.

Person of skill in the art will appreciate that drill bit 210 can or turn to according to the direction deflection that the edge requires by using various technology of the dielectric property that will hole.For example when drilling through compressible soil in order to make drill bit 210 deflections or to turn to, drill bit 210 does not rotate usually, fluid drives hammer 21 can maybe cannot be operated.But other soil types has such characteristic, and promptly in order to make drill bit 210 along suitable direction deflection, the thrust deficiency that singly is the drilling rod group is so that drill bit 210 deflections.Therefore, in the soil of some type, can require to adopt fluid drives hammer 216 to transmit bump, change the direction in soil simultaneously to boring cutter head 219A.

In addition, when boring solid particles of rock, drill bit 210 does not rotate usually, by transmitting bump with fluid drives hammer 216 to boring cutter head 219A.Drill bit 210 then adopts and the direction of above-mentioned employing pneumatic hammer 16 essentially identical method of tilting changes in solid particles of rock.For example, drilling goes out circular, but make rock sliver or bed rock (shelf) stay the bottom and repeat this process repeatedly.Above-mentioned method of tilting produces has upright (riser) step with taper and straight step shown in Figure 16.As mentioned above, the action of bed rock has changed the height of drill bit and has helped it to change the angle of inclination.

Also have osculant soil, this soil has such characteristic, and promptly drill bit 210 can rotate the circular arc (and/or keeping static) less than 360 degree, bores cutter head 219A bump with 216 pairs of fluid drives hammers simultaneously, in order that change the direction in soil.And this process can adopt the method for tilting identical with above-mentioned employing pneumatic hammer 16 to finish.But under certain conditions,, also can not need hammer 216 bumps that carry out into shape in deflection or steering procedure by fluid drives although the drilling rod group can be rotated.

With reference to Figure 25 B, shown the sectional view that bores tool bit assembly 218.In one embodiment of the invention, bore tool bit assembly 218 and be provided with in the sleeve 217, this sleeve 217 has the inner surface 221 that is suitable for ccontaining brill tool bit assembly 218 and is suitable for being contained in the external surface 223 that fluid drives is hammered 216 ends into shape.The inner surface that is appreciated that sleeve 217 can have the various parts that are used for ccontaining drilling rod 221A, as is similar to the spline of the spline 72B of drilling rod 21A, as mentioned above.In addition, the external surface 223 of sleeve 217 can have screw thread, is used for boring the end that tool bit assembly 218 is connected in fluid drives hammer 216, and driving hammer 216 has an assembly that is arranged on hammer 216 inside and closes screw thread.

Be appreciated that various brill cutter head assemblies can be used to bore tool bit assembly 218 and are integral with it, and do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, boring tool bit assembly 218 can be replaced by the WO9919596 of Esposito and/or brill cutter head or other brill cutter head of the disclosed type of US5778991.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that selecting to bore cutter head is the design alternative problem that one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that.

With reference to Figure 25, will appreciate that in one embodiment of the invention, bore cutter head 219A and (as be arranged on the batchmeter post that bores in the

cutter head assembly

18 and 218, or other " non-equilibrium " bores cutter head-for example have asymmetrical shape and/or layout and structure so that with the asymmetric manner drilling) effective steering geometry shape should be the arrangement that is in line, make that effective steering geometry shape is the position that is positioned at apart from the drilling rod group longitudinal axis " L " solstics.In addition, effective steering geometry shape of boring cutter head 219A should be the arrangement that is in line of axle " l " with fluid drives hammer 216.Therefore, before use, the orientation of probe 246 (seeing Figure 22 A) should be hammered 216 orientation into shape with fluid drives and bore effective steering geometry shape of cutter head 219A corresponding.

Referring now to Figure 26 A, it is interior between probe absorbing part 255A-B that probe 246 is arranged on probe support body 214.Probe protractor assembly 251 places between probe 246 and the absorbing part 255B.

Apart from the outermost portion of the longitudinal axis " L " that bores the effective steering geometry shape of cutter head 219A and hammer the outermost point of 216 longitudinal axis " l " into shape apart from fluid drives must be corresponding with the orientation of probe 246.Therefore, carry out such adjustment, that is, make their aim to the most external of the effective steering geometry shape of brill cutter head 219A of the distance longitudinal axis " L " with apart from the most external that fluid drives is hammered 216 longitudinal axis " l " into shape.Probe protractor assembly 251 is set to carry out fluid drives hammer 216 and to bore between the cutter head 219A and the final orientation adjustment of probe 216.

Referring now to Figure 26 B-C, probe protractor assembly 251 comprises cloudy detector cover 239, and this detector cover 239 has calibration face 242 and comprises the calibration tongue of projection 241.Calibration lid 240 is connected with cloudy detector cover 239.Calibration lid 240 comprises calibration face 253, and calibration face 253 cooperates with the calibration face 242 of cloudy detector cover 239.Calibration tongue projection 241 be suitable for be arranged on absorbing part 255B in respective grooves be connected.

The cloudy detector cover 239 of probe protractor assembly 251 comprises small embossment 238.Cloudy calibration lid 239 connects calibration lid 240 by keeping bolt 243.Keep bolt 243 to comprise retention nut 244 and maintenance spring 245.Cloudy detector cover 239 is partial to calibration lid 240 under the elastic force effect that keeps spring 245.Can adjust confining force by retention nut 244.

In use, fluid drives hammer 216 and bore orientation between effective steering geometry shape of cutter head 210A in case fixing, by to probe protractor assembly 251 and probe 246 simultaneously indexing (for example rotation) finish final adjustment so that all three parts (as probe 246, fluid drives hammer 216 and effective geometry of boring cutter head 219A) are carried out its correct levelling.In case three parts have been adjusted, the orientation of probe 246 just can be used to determine the yawing moment of drilling rod group, no matter and the operator of directional drilling machine utilizes the bending axis of fluid hammer 216 to come deflection to bore the path of compressible soil, no matter perhaps the operator utilizes brill cutter head 219A to come deflection to bore the path of solid particles of rock.Certainly, person of skill in the art will appreciate that, can adopt other technology and structure to finish the indexing of three parts and do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Referring now to Figure 27, shown in the system 300 that is used to hole comprise directional drilling machine 302.Directional drilling machine 302 comprises Rack Body 304, and it has actuator 306 so that pipe feeding and be screwed in together by screw thread.The drilling rod group 308 that directional drilling machine 302 is used for having pipe pushes underground so that boring.Therefore for drilling rod group 308 being pushed in the ground thrust that directional drilling machine 302 forms along drilling rod group axis by actuator 306.

Directional drilling machine 302 also is equipped with pressure source 320, is used to produce the operating pressure of being transmitted by fluid so that operate the fluid drives hammer of the above-mentioned type (as NIN fluid drives hammer and/or active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer).

The system 300 that is used to hole also can comprise controller 322, is used to detect and control the thrust that is produced by actuator 306.Controller 322 also can be suitable for detecting and controlled pressure source 320.

Be appreciated that controller 322 can be the computer control case, comprise one or more microprocessors and various other control circuit.The serial number that proposes on September 24th, 1999 is 09/405,889, the name U.S. Patent application and the Bischeld US594412 that are called " real-time control system and the method (REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ANUNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) that are used for controlling underground boring machine " described a kind of electronic control module, introduces its full content here as a reference.Certainly person of skill in the art will appreciate that the operator 324 of directional drilling machine 302 can also and observe the parameter indicator that the pressure and the thrust number of degrees are provided by operation control valve and control thrust and pressure with manual mode.

Hole-drilling system also comprises the drill bit 310 that is positioned at drilling rod group 308 ends.Drill bit 310 comprises to be visited probe support body 314, the impact hammer 316 with probe 346 and bores cutter head 319.Starting handle also can hit in drill bit 310.Be positioned at locator on the ground 326 and determine the position of probe 346.

In use, pressurized liquid is transferred in the passage that runs through drilling rod group 308, in order that operating fluid drives hammer 316.As mentioned above, 316 pairs of drill bits 319 of fluid drives hammer clash into so that pierce in various types of soil.But, can not require bump operating time of fluid drives hammer 316 yet.Therefore, the present invention also provides the method for on/off (ON/OFF) state of control impact hammer 316.

Referring now to Figure 28 and 29, show the method for the ON/OFF that is used to control impact hammer (as beche or fluid drives hammer).Figure 28 has shown the embodiment of the ON/OFF control of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer, and Figure 29 has shown the initiatively embodiment of the ON/OFF control of wash type GIN fluid drives hammer.Be appreciated that supposition with compressible fluid suitably adjust the operation pneumatic hammer threshold pressure, these basic principles go for being similar to the pneumatic hammer of above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.

Person of skill in the art will appreciate that following method can implement by the operator of directional drilling machine or by the control module (hereinafter being called controller) of directional drilling machine.The name that proposes on September 24th, 1999 is called " real-time control system and the method (REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ANUNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) that are used to control underground boring machine ", serial number is 09/405, described a kind of electronic control module of realizing these functions in 889 the U.S. Patent application, this paper by introducing its full content as a reference.

Figure 28 shows an embodiment flow chart 258 of the ON/OFF control method of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that suppose the threshold pressure of suitably adjusting the operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid, these basic principles are suitable for and above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16 similar pneumatic hammers.

A kind of performance constraint of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer is as follows:

Power is applied on the drilling rod group of 300-500lbs at least, the liquid stream that needs to start hammer will be 15 to 20 gallons of per minutes (gpm):

When a) power on acting on the drilling rod group was in about 0-500lbs, flowing velocity must be set at about 15gpm;

When b) power on acting on the drilling rod group was greater than about 500lbs, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);

A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);

Therefore, at program block 260, operator or effector select whether to use hammer bump function.If do not select to clash into function, at program block 262, operator or effector are limited in the fluid flow of directional drilling machine below the required threshold value of starting standard NIN fluid drives hammer.

Then, at program block 264, the maintenance fluid flow moves when being in below the required threshold value of starting standard NIN fluid drives hammer, the thrust of directional drilling machine is adjusted to be lower than the required threshold level of starting standard type NIN fluid drives hammer.Owing to there is certain relation between thrust and the flow velocity, if flow velocity surpasses scheduled volume, then thrust can keep below certain level, so that guarantee that hammer is inoperative.A kind of example of order comprises the level that flow velocity is set in requirement, applied thrust then.In addition, thrust can at first be set to the level of requirement, sets flow velocity then.For example, flow velocity is set in 15gpm at first, and does not have applied thrust.In case then thrust reaches 500lbs, for example, flow velocity (gpm) can improve by ratio 0.03 * power (lbs).

At program block 266, thrust remains on and makes inoperative low-level of fluid hammer.In addition, if in boring procedure, require drilling rod group rotation, then thrust is limited in and is lower than the required threshold level of standard type NIN fluid drives hammer starting.

If at program block 260, operator or effector select to use hammer bump function.Then process switches to program block 270.At program block 270, fluid flow is brought up to the required above level of threshold value of fluid drives hammer.In addition, the thrust that provides of directional drilling machine is brought up to more than the required threshold level of starting fluid drives hammer.

Figure 29 is a kind of embodiment flow chart 278 of the 0N/OFF control method of active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that suppose the threshold pressure of suitably adjusting the operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid, these basic principles are suitable for being similar to the pneumatic hammer of above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.

As mentioned above, initiatively a kind of performance constraint example of wash type GIN fluid drives hammer is as follows:

1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, carry out by following order:

A) power is decreased to is approximately 0;

Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs); Or

Maximum, force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm).

2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, carry out by following order:

B) apply minimum force 500lbs;

C) use minimum flow velocity 15gpm;

D) control from this moment, make:

Minimum force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm); Or

Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs).

At program block 280, operator or effector select whether to use hammer bump function.If select the bump function, at program block 282, operator or effector reduce the thrust that directional drilling machine forms, and keep boring in the drilling rod group pressure with fluid simultaneously.The reduction of thrust forces the brill cutter head along moving towards the place ahead of boring direction with the synthesis that keeps boring with fluid, and making initiatively thus, wash type GIN fluid drives hammer is transformed into flush position.At flush position, drive hammer 316 and do not move back and forth, bore and only pass a mouthful 222A with fluid.

At program block 284, boring procedure carries out now in normal way, and the bump action of not hammering into shape by active wash type GIN fluid drives.Be appreciated that in the drilling rod group and bore with fluid (slurry flows) when existing, applied thrust not, this is not existed brill can make with fluid pressure that to bore cutter head 219A mobile backward along the direction of directional drilling machine because applied thrust.In addition, bore and use fluid flow, pressure or flow velocity should be controlled at the certain predetermined limits that changes as thrust.Be appreciated that this limit can be controlled automatically by controller.

At program block 286, convection cell drives hammer and detects, in order that whether decision has started because of carelessness.If no, proceed not have bump boring.Otherwise the process of continuation executing block 282 quits work up to driving hammer 316.

If operator or controller are in the bump function of program block 280 selection hammers, process is transformed into program block 288, brill then is reduced to substantially with fluid flow is approximately 0.Shown in program block 290, then by directional drilling machine to drilling rod group applied thrust, bore cutter head 219A and move backward thereby force towards directional drilling machine, making initiatively thus, wash type GIN fluid drives hammer leaves its flush position.

At program block 292, operator or controller then increase to bore with fluid flow and begin knockout process and proceed boring procedure up to active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer.Operator or controller have then been controlled the brill fluid flow of thrust, if make that boring thrust is little, wash type GIN fluid drives hammer is transformed into its flush position to avoid because of carelessness initiatively with fluid flow then to reduce brill.

At program block 296, active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer is detected, in order that whether decision has started because of carelessness.If no, then continue bump boring.Otherwise the process of continuation executing block 288 begins bump work up to active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer.

Although illustrate some embodiment of the present invention for open the present invention, but those skilled in the art can change the inventive method described here and device, and these changes are implemented in the spirit and scope of the invention that is limited by accessory claim.

Claims

1, a kind of drill bit that is used for directional drilling machine, comprise the starting handle that connects from the head to the tail, the support body of detection angles orientation device, pneumatic hammer and rotary cutter assembly, make described starting handle be positioned at an end and make described cutter head be positioned at the other end, wherein said cutter head comprises the main cutting face and the batchmeter post of face forward, a plurality of cutting teeths are arranged on the described main cutting face, described batchmeter post by described main cutting face diameter to outside skew, metering cutting teeth with at least one face forward, described cutting teeth is suitable for cutting by less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over, it is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in wherein said detection angles orientation and batchmeter post are, so that determine the orientation of described batchmeter post about described drill bit axis of rotation.

2, drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said main cutting face is flat circle substantially, has the array of fluid jet on it, described drill bit has and is used to carry drill bit to flow to the passage of described jet with fluid.

3, drill bit as claimed in claim 1 has heel on the wherein said cutter head lateral surface, and described heel is in the position relative with the batchmeter post, and described heel is tilted by back to forward-inner.

4, a kind of method that adopts directional drilling machine to carry out directional drilling, described directional drilling machine promotes and the rotary drill rod group, on the described drilling rod group drill bit is installed, wherein said drill bit comprises the starting handle that is connected to the drilling rod group that connects from the head to the tail, the support body of detection angles orientation device is equipped with in inside, pneumatic hammer and rotary cutter assembly, make described starting handle be positioned at an end and make described cutter head be positioned at the other end, wherein said cutter head comprises the main cutting face and the batchmeter post of face forward, a plurality of cutting teeths are arranged on the described main cutting face, described batchmeter post by described main cutting face diameter to outside skew, metering cutting teeth with at least one face forward, it is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in wherein said detection angles orientation and batchmeter post are, so that determine the orientation of described batchmeter post, comprise step about described drill bit axis of rotation:

Clash into described cutter head with described hammer, by promoting with described drilling rod group and rotating described drill bit and the straight medium that pierces;

Before changing described boring direction, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; And

By repeating to promote and rotate described cutter head and bored in the process less than the formed angle of described cutter head one turn over and change direction, make the deviation in driction of described drill bit in the time of with the described cutter head of hammer bump along the shear action of batchmeter post.

5, method as claimed in claim 4 further comprises completing steps: when adopting identical cutter head to carry out identical boring, and straight boring and change direction in soil and rock.

6, adopt directional drilling machine to carry out the method for directional drilling under a kind of condition that comprises soil and solid particles of rock at the same time, described directional drilling machine can promote and be rotatably installed with the drilling rod group of drill bit, wherein said drill bit comprises the starting handle of the described drilling rod group of the connection that all couples together from the head to the tail, the support body of the device in detection angles orientation is equipped with in inside, pneumatic hammer and rotary cutter assembly, wherein said cutter head comprises the main cutting face and the batchmeter post of face forward, a plurality of cutting teeths are arranged on the described main cutting face, described batchmeter post by described main cutting face diameter to outside skew, metering cutting teeth with at least one face forward, and has heel on the described cutter head lateral surface, described heel is in the position relative with the batchmeter post, described heel is tilted by back to forward-inner, it is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in wherein said detection angles orientation and batchmeter post are, so that determine the orientation of described batchmeter post, comprise step about described drill bit axis of rotation:

When clashing into described cutter head, by promoting with described drilling rod group and rotating described drill bit and straight soil and the rock of piercing with described pneumatic hammer;

In soil and rock, before changing described boring direction, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; And

When in rock, holing, when clashing into described cutter head with pneumatic hammer, by repeating to promote and rotate described cutter head and in rock, bored in the process less than the formed angle of described cutter head one turn over to change direction, make the deviation in driction of described drill bit along the shear action of batchmeter post; And

When in soil, holing, change direction when in soil, holing not rotating described drill bit by promoting described drill bit with described drilling rod group, make described drill bit along described batchmeter post deviation in driction and away from heel.

7, method as claimed in claim 6 further comprises with described hammer and clashes into described cutter head, changes the direction in soil simultaneously.

8, a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine comprises:

A) device in detection angles orientation;

B) be used for the support body of the device in described detection angles orientation, the device in described detection angles orientation is arranged in the described support body;

C) by fluid-operated hammer; Layout that described hammer has and structure can produce bump; And

D) connect the rotary cutter assembly of described hammer, described rotary cutter assembly has and is used to layout and the structure accepting to clash into, wherein comes the orientation of fixed described rotary cutter assembly by the device that uses described detection angles orientation, so that control the direction of described cutter head.

9, drill bit as claimed in claim 8, wherein said brill cutter head comprises the effective steering geometry shape that is suitable for controlling described drill bit direction, wherein said support body, described hammer and described brill cutter head are connected from the head to the tail, make described support body be positioned at vicinity one end of drill bit and make described cutter head be positioned at the far-end of described drill bit, wherein said support body forms first longitudinal axis.

10, drill bit as claimed in claim 9, the wherein said geometry that effectively turns to is that described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that forms less than described brill cutter head one turn over by the batchmeter post that radially outwards is offset and has on it metering cutting teeth of one or more face forward away from the outermost point of described first longitudinal axis.

11, drill bit as claimed in claim 9, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises the main cutting face of face forward, described main cutting face is provided with one or more cutting teeths.

12, drill bit as claimed in claim 8 further comprises starting handle, and described starting handle connects described support body and places between described brill cutter head approach end and the described support body.

13, it is predetermined arranged in a straight line that drill bit as claimed in claim 9, effective steering geometry shape of the device in wherein said detection angles orientation and described brill cutter head are, so that determine the orientation of described effective steering geometry shape about described first major axis.

14, drill bit as claimed in claim 8, wherein said drill bit further comprise one or more passages that are used for carrying to described hammer described fluid.

15, drill bit as claimed in claim 14, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises one or more fluid jet mouths.

16, drill bit as claimed in claim 15 wherein carries the described fluid be used for driving described hammer to flow through described one or more fluid jet mouths at described brill cutter head.

17, drill bit as claimed in claim 8, the described fluid that wherein is used to drive described hammer is an aqueous fluid.

18, drill bit as claimed in claim 17, wherein said aqueous fluid are the fluids that is used to hole.

19, drill bit as claimed in claim 8, the described fluid that wherein is used to drive described hammer is water-free fluid.

20, drill bit as claimed in claim 19, wherein said non-aqueous fluid are the fluids that is used to hole.

21, drill bit as claimed in claim 10, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises heel, described heel is arranged on a side relative with described batchmeter post on the described brill cutter head.

22, drill bit as claimed in claim 21, wherein said heel has tapering from front to back.

23, drill bit as claimed in claim 1, the described support body that wherein is used for described detection angles orientation device further comprises the skew connector that forms second longitudinal axis, wherein said first longitudinal axis and described second longitudinal axis limit an angle.

24, drill bit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said predetermined angle are about 0.5 ° to about 2.0 °.

25, drill bit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said fluid operated hammer is connected to described support body, and described fluid operated hammer is used to control the direction of described drill bit.

26, drill bit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said support body further comprises the protractor assembly.

27, drill bit as claimed in claim 26, it is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in wherein said detection angles orientation and described hammer and described effective steering geometry shape are, so that definite described hammer and described effective steering geometry shape are about the orientation of described first longitudinal axis of described drilling rod group.

28, drill bit as claimed in claim 8, the device in wherein said detection angles orientation is a probe.

29, a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine that uses in compressible soil has drilling rod group and drill bit,

The near-end of described drilling rod group connects directional drilling machine, and described drill bit connects the far-end of described drilling rod group, comprising:

Bore cutter head, be suitable for usually drilling rock and having the The structure of rock of drilling;

Detect the device in described brill cutter head angle orientation, export corresponding described orientation and the signal that produces; And

The skew connector, its first end connects described drilling rod group, second end connects described brill cutter head, described connector departs from the longitudinal axis of described drilling rod group, wherein, the signal that responds described generation to described offset member orientation to control the direction of described brill cutter head.

30, auger as claimed in claim 29, further comprise place between described skew connector and the described brill cutter head by fluid-operated hammer.

31, auger as claimed in claim 29, wherein said brill cutter head further comprise the effective steering geometry shape that is suitable for controlling described brill cutter head direction.

32, auger as claimed in claim 31, wherein said effective steering geometry shape is the batchmeter post by and metering cutting teeth which is provided with one or more face forward that radially outward be offset away from the outermost point of the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, and described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that forms less than described brill cutter head one turn over.

33, a kind ofly adopt horizontal boring machine and control the drill bit direction of described auger and the method for in rock, holing, comprising:

Promote described drill bit and pass medium, described drill bit is positioned at the front end of drilling rod group;

Employing is clashed into the brill cutter head that is positioned at described drill bit far-end by fluid-operated hammer, and wherein said brill cutter head comprises the effective steering geometry shape that is used to control described drill bit direction;

The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on the described drill bit regularly detects described brill cutter head angle orientation; And

Promote and rotate described brill cutter head and bored the direction of controlling described drill bit less than the formed angle of described brill cutter head one turn over by repeating,, make described drill bit along the effective deviation in driction of the shear action of steering geometry shape simultaneously with the described cutter head of hammer bump.

34, method as claimed in claim 33, wherein said effective steering geometry shape is the batchmeter post by and metering cutting teeth which is provided with one or more face forward that radially outward be offset away from the outermost point of drilling rod group first longitudinal axis, and described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that forms less than described brill cutter head one turn over.

35, method as claimed in claim 34, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises the main cutting face of face forward, described main cutting face is provided with one or more cutting teeths.

36, method as claimed in claim 33, wherein when adopting identical brill cutter head to carry out identical boring, the described medium of being holed comprises soil and rock.

37, a kind ofly adopt horizontal boring machine and control the drill bit direction of described auger and the method for in medium, holing, comprising:

The described drill bit that promotion is positioned at drilling rod group front end passes medium, uses the brill cutter head that is positioned at described drill bit far-end by fluid-operated hammer bump simultaneously, and wherein said brill cutter head comprises effective steering geometry shape and the described drill bit that is suitable for controlling described drill bit direction;

Employing is contained in the regular angle orientation that detects described brill cutter head of device in the detection angles orientation on the described drill bit; And

Control the drill bit direction in the following manner:

(a) if pierce compressible soil, changing direction by promoting described drilling rod group in holing, make described drill bit along the deviation in driction that is offset connector, described connector is by the disalignment of the described drilling rod group longitudinal axis, clashes into described brill cutter head and do not rotate described drilling rod group and can't help described hammer; Perhaps

(b) if pierce rock, then clash into described brill cutter head with described hammer, make described brill cutter head depart from along described effective steering geometry shape.

38, method as claimed in claim 37 further comprises

If in predetermined medium, hole, undertaken changing direction in the boring procedure by promoting described drilling rod group, make described drill bit along the deviation in driction of described skew connector, and clash into described brill cutter head and rotary drill rod group not with described hammer.

39, method as claimed in claim 37 further comprises and determines that described drill bit has pierced compressible soil or rock.

40, method as claimed in claim 37 further comprises determining whether to start described hammer.

41, in the horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, described auger comprises that by the fluid-operated set hammer that initiatively washes, a kind of method of initiatively washing set hammer of operating comprises:

Determine whether to start and initiatively wash set hammer;

(a) if hole in rock, and described hammer is started: the fluid flow that will drive described hammer is decreased to basic near the first zero value;

Actuator by auger applies thrust above predetermined threshold to described drilling rod group, and makes described hammer leave flush position; And increase fluid flow to predetermined threshold, in rock, hole continuously with the described hammer of starting;

(b), and do not start described hammer if in compressible soil, hole:

Described thrust is reduced to below the predetermined threshold, simultaneously fluid pressure is remained on more than the predetermined threshold on the described hammer, make described hammer move to described flush position thus; And

Continuation is holed and inoperative hammer in compressible soil continuously.

42, method as claimed in claim 41, if wherein described hammer has started:

Controlled the described fluid flow of described thrust, if wherein described thrust is lower than predetermined threshold, described fluid flow is reduced to the level that is lower than predetermined threshold, moves to described flush position so that prevent described hammer.

43, method as claimed in claim 41, if wherein described hammer is inoperative:

Control the described actuator of described auger, make when having fluid flow, not applied thrust.

44, in the horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, described auger comprises that a kind of method of operation standard set hammer comprises by fluid-operated standard set hammer:

Determine whether the starting standard set hammer;

(a) if hole in rock, and described hammer is started:

The value of fluid flow is increased to more than the predetermined threshold;

The thrust magnitude that will be produced by the actuator of horizontal boring machine increases to more than the predetermined threshold; And with the starting described hammer in rock, hole continuously;

(b), and do not start described hammer if in compressible soil, hole:

The value of described fluid flow is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of the described hammer of starting;

The value of described thrust is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of the described hammer of starting;

Continuation is holed and inoperative hammer in compressible soil.

45, a kind of system that carries out horizontal orientation boring in compressible soil and rock comprises:

Be connected with the horizontal orientation boring machine of drilling rod group, described directional drilling machine is used for rotating and promotes described drilling rod group and pierces the medium that will hole, described directional drilling machine comprises actuator, and is that described actuator is suitable for connecting described drilling rod group near-end and have the structure that is used for to described drilling rod group applied thrust usually;

Pressure source is used to produce operating pressure, and described operating pressure is transmitted by the fluid that is used to hole; And

Controller is used to control the described thrust that is produced by described actuator and is used to control the described operating pressure of being exported by described pressure source;

The far-end of wherein said drilling rod group comprises:

The device in detection angles orientation;

The support body that is used for the device in described detection angles orientation, the device in described detection angles orientation places described support body;

By described fluid-operated hammer; And

Bore cutter head;

Wherein, described support body, hammer and described brill cutter head are end-to-end along the described drilling rod group longitudinal axis, make described support body be positioned at described drill bit near-end, and described brill cutter head is positioned at described drill bit far-end.

46, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said brill cutter head comprises and is suitable for effective steering geometry shape that described drill bit is turned to.

47, system as claimed in claim 46, wherein said effective steering geometry shape is the batchmeter post by and metering cutting teeth which is provided with one or more face forward that radially outward be offset away from the outermost point of the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, and described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that forms less than described brill cutter head one turn over.

48, system as claimed in claim 46, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises the main cutting face of face forward, described main cutting face is provided with one or more cutting teeths.

49, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said controller is an electronic automatic controller

50, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said controller is operated by the operator.

51, a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine comprises:

A) by fluid-operated hammer; And

B) the brill cutter head that is driven by hammer, described brill cutter head has effective controlling party to geometry.

52, a kind of drill bit that is used for horizontal orientation boring machine comprises:

A) by fluid-operated hammer, layout that described hammer has and structure can produce bump; And

B) the rotary cutter assembly of the described hammer of connection, layout and structure that described rotary cutter assembly is had are used to accept bump, and have effective controlling party to geometry.

53, drill bit as claimed in claim 52 further comprises:

A) device in detection angles orientation;

B) be used for the support body of the device in detection angles orientation, the device in described detection angles orientation is arranged in the described support body; And

C) wherein come the orientation of described rotary cutter assembly to control the direction of described drill bit by the device that uses described detection angles orientation.

54, drill bit as claimed in claim 53, the batchmeter post that wherein said effective steering geometry shape is and metering cutting teeth which is provided with one or more face forward that radially outward be offset by the outermost point away from first longitudinal axis, described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that forms less than described brill cutter head one turn over.

55, drill bit as claimed in claim 54, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises the main cutting face of face forward, and one or more cutting teeths are set on it.