CN101363307A - Method and apparatus for directional boring under mixed conditions - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for directional boring under mixed conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN101363307A CN101363307A CNA2008102148703A CN200810214870A CN101363307A CN 101363307 A CN101363307 A CN 101363307A CN A2008102148703 A CNA2008102148703 A CN A2008102148703A CN 200810214870 A CN200810214870 A CN 200810214870A CN 101363307 A CN101363307 A CN 101363307A
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- hammer
- cutter head
- fluid
- drill bit
- rod group
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/20—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole combined with surface drive
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a horizontal directional drill used in compressible soil, which comprises a drill rod set and a drill bit. The proximate end of the drill rod set is connected to the directional drill, the drill bit is connected to the distal end of the drill rod set. The drill bit comprises a drill head commonly suitable for drilling rocks and having a structure for drilling rocks; an apparatus for detecting the angular orientation of the drill head, and outputting a signal corresponding to the orientation; and a bias connector deviating from the longitudinal axis of the drill rod set, wherein the first end is connected to the drill rod set, and the second end is connected to the drill head. The signal is responded to orientate the bias connector for controlling the direction of the drill head.
Description
The present invention is dividing an application of China Patent No. 01806027.7, denomination of invention " are carried out the method and apparatus of directional drilling " under multiple mixing condition, the applying date is March 2 calendar year 2001 patent of invention.
The application has applied for pct international patent by the Vermeer manufacturing company (Vermeer ManufacturingCompany) of the U.S. March 2 calendar year 2001, and has specified the All Countries of removing the U.S..
Technical field
The present invention relates to directional drilling, particularly adopt same equipment to pierce the system of Soil and Rock.
background of invention
At present, when underground communal facility is arranged in rock as natural gas, drinking water or sanitary sewer, adopts large hard rock to dig moat equipment and carry out ditching as Vermeer T-655, or even adopt explosive to carry out explosion.In these cases, because electric wire, telephone wire and TV cable are layed in, underground difficulty is large and expense is very high, therefore conventionally along electric pole, is erected in the air.Like this in a lot of occasions, owing to existing solid particles of rock layer to make to install very difficultly underground, so communal facility circuit need to arrange on the ground.In many building sites, the situation that construction starts and finishes is very complicated, and comprising will be partly through solid particles of rock layer with through remaining soil.In such occasion, rock drilling equipment or dig moat equipment and often can not drill through soil and arrive lithosphere.
For piercing the directional drilling machine of soil, be known.Directional drilling machine generally includes for forming end to end a series of drilling rods of drilling rod group.Drilling rod group by dynamicliquid pressure device as Hydraulic Cylinder or pull and through soil.Referring to the US4945999 of Malzahn and the US4697775 (RE33793) of US5070848 and Cherrington.Described in the US5242026 of the US4953633 of Dunn and Deken etc., promote and rotary drill rod group simultaneously.The end that is arranged on drilling rod group for spade, the cutter head of holing, can comprise that the nozzle of injection water is with auxiliary bore hole.
In a kind of improvement of conventional borehole system, a series of drilling rod group bars and the impact tool combination that is arranged on a series of boom ends.These bars can apply stable shock thrust, and the inside of bar is for carrying compressed air to pneumatic brill.US4694913 referring to McDonald etc.But have been found that this system is because expense is restricted its application compared with high, this is because if boring is wider than the diameter of drilling rod group substantially, when promoting drilling rod group, the flexible distortion of drilling rod group.
Accurate directional drilling needs relevant drilling or the location of boring tool and the information of the degree of depth, almost invariably will will adopt sensor to be connected with drilling cutter with dispensing device (" probe "), to avoid mistake boring and redrilling.In US5633589, disclose a kind of such device, introduced its disclosed content herein.The US4867255 of Baker discloses the turned to directional drilling instrument that utilizes starting impact hammer.
The directional drilling instrument that can carry out rock-boring is disclosed in the US5778991 of Runquist and the EP857852A2 of Cox and EP857853A2.But, although carry out the directional drilling instrument that rock-boring and soil penetrates simultaneously, be known, existing apparatus do not have a kind of single machine can possess these two kinds of functions simultaneously and make instrument in Soil and Rock controlling party to.The present invention has met this requirement.
In this area, also need the directional drilling instrument penetrating for rock-boring and soil, it has by fluid-operated impact hammer, the calibration of the device (as probe) of detection angles rotation is provided, impact hammer (as pneumatic or the fluid drive) method that ON/OFF controls is provided.In addition, need to a kind ofly have and improve the device of drill bit controlling party to ability.
summary of the invention
A kind of drill bit for directional drilling machine of the present invention, comprise that the detection angles orientation device being end-to-end, as the support body of probe (or housing), pneumatic hammer and rotary cutter assembly, makes described angle orientation housing be positioned at one end and makes described cutter head be positioned at the other end.Drill bit can also comprise starting handle, and it can connection angle azimuth sounder housing.Cutter head preferably has main cutting face and the batchmeter post of face forward, a plurality of cutting teeths are arranged on main cutting face, batchmeter post is radially outward offset by main cutting face, the metering cutting teeth with at least one face forward, described cutting teeth is suitable for cutting by being less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over.It is predetermined arranged in a straight line that the device in detection angles orientation and batchmeter post are, to determine that batchmeter post is about the orientation of bit axle.In a preferred embodiment, main cutting face is flat circle substantially, and which is provided with a series of jets, and drill bit has for carry the passage boring with fluid to jet.In another embodiment, on cutter head lateral surface, have heel, heel tilts to forward-inner in the position relative with batchmeter post and by rear.
Such drill bit can be used in the directional drilling method of the present invention that adopts directional drilling machine, and this directional drilling machine can promote and rotary drill rod group, in drilling rod group, drill bit is installed.Such method comprises step: by with the promotion of drilling rod group and rotary drilling-head and the straight medium that pierces clashes into cutter head with hammer simultaneously; Before changing boring direction, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; And by repeating to promote and rotating described cutter head and bored while being less than the formed angle of described cutter head one turn over and change direction, with hammer, clash into cutter head simultaneously, drill bit is departed from along the direction of batchmeter post shear action.In the time of boring different, medium can be two kinds of soil, solid particles of rock or Soil and Rocks.Particularly, when adopting identical cutter head to carry out same boring, can in Soil and Rock, complete straight controlling party to change nyctitropic step.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method of carrying out directional drilling under mixing condition that comprises at the same time soil and solid particles of rock.Such method comprises step: by with the promotion of drilling rod group and rotary drilling-head and the straight Soil and Rock that pierces clashes into cutter head with hammer simultaneously; Change boring direction in Soil and Rock before, the device in employing detection angles orientation is determined the angle orientation of batchmeter post; Change direction boring in rock by repeating promotion and rotary cutter while being less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over, with hammer, clash into cutter head simultaneously, drill bit is departed from along the direction of batchmeter post shear action; And at the rotary drilling-head and change direction while holing in soil not by promoting drill bit by drilling rod group, make drill bit along batchmeter post direction and depart from away from heel.Owing to boring the main cutting face of cutter head, putting down greatly, is singly that the thrust of drilling rod group does not rotate instrument to be just not enough to turn in soft ground.Therefore the most handy hammer clashes into cutter head and changes the direction in soil simultaneously.Method of the present invention can be carried out good direction control in some ground conditions.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit for horizontal orientation boring machine, comprising: the device in detection angles orientation; For detection of the support body of the device of angle orientation, the device in detection angles orientation is arranged in support body; By fluid-operated hammer; The layout that hammer has and structure can produce shock; And the rotary cutter assembly that connects hammer, rotary cutter assembly has layout and the structure of clashing into for accepting, and wherein by the device in detection angles orientation, determines the orientation of rotary cutter assembly, to control cutter head direction.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine using in compressible soil, have drilling rod group and drill bit, the near-end of drilling rod group connects directional drilling machine, the far-end of drill bit jointed rod group, comprise: bore cutter head, be conventionally suitable for drilling rock and thering is the structure that drills rock; Detect the device that bores cutter head angle orientation, export the signal in corresponding orientation; And skew connector, its first end jointed rod group, the second end connects brill cutter head, and connector departs from the axis of drilling rod group, wherein, responds output signal to offset member orientation so that brill cutter head turns to.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that adopts the drill bit direction of horizontal boring machine keyhole machine and hole in rock, comprising: promote drill bit through medium, drill bit is positioned at the far-end of drilling rod group; The brill cutter head that is positioned at drill bit far-end is clashed in employing by fluid-operated hammer, wherein bore cutter head and comprise the effective steering geometry shape for drill bit is turned to; The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on drill bit regularly detects brill cutter head angle orientation; And by repeating to promote and rotary drilling cutter head bored and is less than the formed angle of cutter head one turn over drill bit is turned to, simultaneously with hammer shock cutter head, the direction of the shear action of the effective steering geometry shape in drill bit edge is departed from.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of and adopts horizontal boring machine and the drill bit of auger is turned to and the method for holing in medium, comprise: the drill bit that promotes to be positioned at drilling rod group front end is through medium, use by fluid-operated hammer simultaneously and clash into the brill cutter head that is positioned at drill bit far-end, wherein bore cutter head and comprise and be suitable for effective steering geometry shape and drill bit that drill bit is turned to; The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on drill bit regularly detects brill cutter head angle orientation; And make in the following manner drill bit turn to: to pierce compressible soil, in holing by promotion drilling rod group, change direction, drill bit is departed from along the direction of skew connector, and connector is by the disalignment of the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, and need not hammer into shape to clash into, bores cutter head and rotary drill rod group not; If or pierce rock, and use hammer to clash into and bore cutter head, make to bore cutter head and depart from along effective steering geometry shape.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, this auger comprises by fluid-operated active flushing (aggressiveflushing) set hammer, operate a method of initiatively rinsing set hammer, comprising: determine whether to start and initiatively rinse set hammer; If holed in rock, and hammer is started: the fluid flow that drives hammer is decreased to basic zero the first value that approaches; Actuator by auger applies the thrust over predetermined threshold to drilling rod group, and makes hammer leave flush position; And increase fluid flow to predetermined threshold, with the hammer of starting, in rock, hole continuously; If holed in compressible soil, and starting is not hammered into shape: thrust is reduced to below predetermined threshold, more than fluid pressure being remained on to the predetermined threshold on hammer, makes thus hammer move to flush position simultaneously; And continue boring in compressible soil and inoperative hammer.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation boring machine with the drilling rod group that is suitable for piercing rock and compressible soil, this auger comprises by fluid-operated standard set hammer, operate a method of initiatively rinsing set hammer, comprising: determine whether starting standard set hammer; If holed in rock, and hammer is started: more than the fluid flow value that drives hammer is increased to predetermined threshold; Or more than the thrust magnitude that the actuator by horizontal boring machine is produced increases to predetermined threshold; And in rock, hole continuously with the hammer of starting; If holed in compressible soil, and starting is not hammered into shape: the value of fluid flow is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of starting hammer; The value of thrust is limited in below the required predetermined threshold of starting hammer; Continuation is holed and inoperative hammer in compressible soil.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system of carrying out horizontal orientation boring in compressible soil and rock, comprise: the horizontal orientation boring machine that is connected with drilling rod group, directional drilling machine pierces for rotating and promoting drilling rod group the medium that will hole, directional drilling machine comprises actuator, and actuator is suitable for also conventionally having for the structure to drilling rod group applied thrust of jointed rod group near-end; Pressure source, for generation of operating pressure, operating pressure is transmitted by the fluid for holing; And controller, for controlling the thrust that produced by actuator and for controlling the operating pressure of being exported by pressure source; Wherein the far-end of drilling rod group comprises: the device in detection angles orientation; For detection of the support body of the device of angle orientation, the device in detection angles orientation is placed in support body; By fluid-operated hammer; And brill cutter head; Wherein, support body, hammer and brill cutter head are end-to-end along the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, make support body be positioned at drill bit near-end, bore cutter head and are positioned at drill bit far-end.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of drill bit for horizontal orientation boring machine, comprising: by the hammer of liquid driven, the brill cutter head being driven by hammer, bore cutter head have effective controlling party to geometry.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of drill bit for horizontal orientation boring machine, comprising: by the hammer of liquid driven, described hammer has layout and the structure that can produce shock; And the rotary cutter assembly that connects described hammer, described rotary cutter assembly has layout and the structure of clashing into for accepting, and has the geometry effectively turning to.
Describe these aspects of the present invention below in detail.
brief Description Of Drawings
In the accompanying drawings, same numeral represents same parts:
Fig. 1 is the lateral view of the first embodiment of drill bit of the present invention, has saved carbide alloy cutter tooth on drill bit;
Fig. 2 is the top view of embodiment shown in Fig. 1, shows sniffer housing entrance;
Fig. 3 is the stereo rearview of cutter head shown in Fig. 1, has saved cutter head axle;
Fig. 4 is the front isometric view of the selectable cutter head of the first of the present invention, with carbide alloy cutter tooth, and is arranged on cutter head axle;
Fig. 5 A is the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shown in Fig. 4 and cutter head axle;
Fig. 5 B is the sectional elevation along the 5B-5B in Fig. 5 A;
Fig. 6 A and 6B are that wherein 6A shows the front portion of device along the longitudinal sectional view of the amplification of Fig. 3 center line 6-6, and 6B shows the rear portion of device;
Fig. 7 A and 7B are that wherein 7A shows the front portion of device along the longitudinal sectional view of the amplification of Fig. 3 center line 7-7, and 7B shows the rear portion of device;
Fig. 8 is the top view of the selectable cutter head of the second of the present invention and cutter head shaft assembly;
Fig. 9 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly;
Figure 10 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Fig. 8;
Figure 11 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the lateral view of cutter head shaft assembly;
Figure 12 is the top view of the third selectable cutter head of the present invention and cutter head shaft assembly;
Figure 13 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly;
Figure 14 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Figure 12;
Figure 15 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the lateral view of cutter head shaft assembly;
Figure 16 is the lateral view of the 4th kind of selectable cutter head of the present invention, has omitted remaining cutter, has shown that controlling party in rock is to action;
Figure 17 is the front elevation drawing of the cutter head of Figure 16;
Figure 18 is the 5th kind of front elevation drawing that can select cutter head of the present invention;
Figure 19 is the lateral view of cutter head in Figure 18;
Figure 20 is the stereogram of cutter head in Figure 18;
Figure 21 is the partial sectional view of the rear longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment;
Figure 22 is the partial sectional view of the front longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment;
Figure 23 A and Figure 23 B are rear portion and the anterior partial, longitudinal cross-sectional separately of front portion rock drill bit the first embodiment of being provided with hammer;
Figure 24 is that sectional view is blocked in the shortening that corresponding diagram 23A and 23B, hammer are positioned at rear portion;
Figure 25 is the sectional view of an embodiment of drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 25 A is the zoomed-in view of a part for drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 25 B is the sectional view that the present invention bores cutter head assembly;
Figure 26 A is the sectional view of the support body of detection angle of the present invention orientation device;
Figure 26 B is the stereogram of the protractor components of detection angle of the present invention orientation support body;
Figure 26 C is the sectional view of protractor components that the present invention includes the detection angle orientation support body of isolator;
Figure 27 has shown the system that comprises directional drilling machine of the present invention;
Figure 28 is the flow chart of method of operating of the present invention; And
Figure 29 is the flow chart of method of operating of the present invention.
发明详述
下面详细说明本发明各种实施例的制造和使用，应该理解本发明提出
了许多可应用的发明原理，可在各种特定情况下实施这些发明原理。
这里说明的特定实施例仅仅是为制造和使用本发明所采用的特殊说明方
式，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。参照几种选择形式A、B等表示
的具有标号的部件，其目的在于指几种可选择的形式，没有这种字母的
是指所有可选择的形式。
参照图1-3、6A-6B和7A-7B，本发明钻头10包括作为通用部件
的、如图所示头尾连接的探测装置架体14、气锤16和钻头组件18。如
上所述，钻头10还可包括起动杆12。起动杆12的末端13连接由定向
钻孔机带动的普通钻杆组，通过钻杆组、起动杆12和探测装置架体14
内的通道输送压缩空气便操作锤16。刀头组件18包括刀头19A，刀头
19A具有一排切削齿20A和刀头轴21A，刀头轴21A用于将刀头19A安
装到锤16的前端上。刀头19A通过插入横向孔23的滚销可拆卸地安装
在轴21A上。带角度的口部22A设置在头部18中，用于将来自锤16的
压缩空气由刀头19A前方喷出。压缩空气中加有泡沫形成的介质，使得
在由刀头19A喷射/减压时，自然形成润滑钻孔泡沫。该泡沫用于带走刀
头路径上的土屑和/或碎岩石片。
起动杆12、探测装置架体14和气锤16可为现有技术中已公知类
型的。例如锤16可是Ingersoll-Rand下井锤而不是所示的锤。由Eearth
Tool Corporation of Wisconsin公司提供的Spline-Lock型号命名的花
键类型连接可用于将探测装置架体14的任一端与锤16和起动杆12连
接。省了花键的相同类型的滚销连接用于将刀头19A安装在轴21A上，
如上所述。
图6A-6B和7A-7B显示了起动前的钻头10。由钻杆组压缩的液体
沿起动杆12中的中心通道32流动并依次流入探测装置架体14中的纵向
通道34，通道34与探测装置腔36隔离。根据一般惯例，通过将探测装
置的端部装配在小突起部38而使探测装置(未示)相对于刀头安装在预
定方向上。减振器可设置在探测装置腔的相对端对探测装置进行隔
振。
压力液体接着流出通道34的前端而进入构成一部分锤16的阀杆42
中的后部开口40。阀杆42的后环形凸缘44在锤16的管形壳体48的内
延伸环形凸缘46和探测装置壳体14的前端面之间固定就位。压力液体
由开口40流入具有几个径向口52的歧管50，接着流入在杆42的小直径
前部56和撞锤60的后管形部58之间形成的环形后压力腔54。该腔中的
压力迫使撞锤60向着所示的位置向前移动，其中撞锤60的前端将冲击
传递给刀头轴21A的后砧面62。
穿过后管形部58的径向口66使压力液体流入后部58外侧上的向外
打开的环形槽68。如图6A所示，槽68通过纵向槽71与撞锤60中径向
向内延伸的口70相通。但是在此处，当撞锤60处于所示位置时，由于
口70被小直径部56的前面74盖住，因此阻挡了液体的流动。
刀头轴21A通常为圆筒形，但是具有一系列沿其中剖部分均匀隔开的
径向花键72A，它们沿轴21A的纵向伸。花键72紧密装配并滑动安装
在设置于套筒76内部的相应槽74中。套筒76通过螺纹78可拆卸地安
装在管形壳体48的前端，并具有通过螺栓81固定于其上的前端盖80。
花键72最好包括具有增大宽度的主花键(见图5B中的75B)，该主花键
装配在套筒76的相应主槽中。主花键75保刀头19与探测装置合适对
准便转向，还应该采取步骤保套筒76中的主槽处于正确位置。为
此，可设置用于将套筒76安装在前端盖80上的螺栓81的孔79，使得
仅能在孔79处于相对于盖80的合适位置时才能插入螺栓81。盖80依次
具有一系列花键81，该花键81接合锤壳体前部的槽83，如果需要的话，
还包括主花键和槽组合保正确的装配。相同槽83如果在径向上较深，
则还可用于接合套筒76上的相应花键作为将套筒76锁定在正确位置的
另一种方式。
根据本发明目的，主花键和槽的宽度可大于或小于其它花键，便
提供需要的锁定功能。连接锤16和探测装置架体14的花键接头85具有
主花键和槽。一系列锁定的连接保了刀头19，特别是下述的计量器柱
(gage tower)，将关于探测装置正确定位。
当钻杆组沿向前的方向在钻头10上施加压力时，该压力克服压力液
体并开始移回刀头19A，缩小刀头19A和前端盖80之间的间隙。这样依
次迫使刀头轴21A和撞锤60一前一后地往回移。当发生这样的动作时，
口70向后移动，当其到达杆42的小直径前部56中向外打开的环形槽82
时打开。此时，压缩液体流过槽82，向外流过类似于口70但由口70向
后偏置的第二径向口84，穿过撞锤60外部中的纵向延伸槽86而到达前
压力腔88。此时，撞锤60由于腔88中压力的作用而开始向后移动，间
隙在撞锤60和刀头轴21A的后砧面62之间打开。但是，安装在刀头轴
21A后端内和撞锤60中孔91前端内的阶梯状塑料管89临时防止压缩的
液体进入刀头轴21A中的中心孔90内。
当撞锤60继续其向后的冲程时，后口84由杆42的前部56覆盖，撞
锤60清理塑料套筒的后端，通过排泄口22A使前腔88泄压。压力液体
由刀头喷入孔内并变成泡沫。此时，后压力腔54中的力增大，使撞锤减
速并反向开始其向前的冲程。撞锤60后部的腔92最好通过花键连接94
内的小通道93进行排气，便防止在腔92中形成过高的压力。锤16
这种方式连续工作并在通过钻杆组施加预定阈值推力时自动开始工作。
刀头19A具有径向延伸部或计量器柱96A，它带有几个计量器切刀
97A，该计量器切刀97A通常类似于其它硬质合金齿或块20A。如图4、
5A和5B中所示，其中刀头19B类似于刀头19A，如图所示除了花键72B
分成前后段外，刀头轴21B与轴21A相差不大。
最好有至少三个计量器切刀97，即一个位于柱的中部，其它两个与其
等距隔开，形成圆弧，通常表示为大于刀头19外圆周的假想圆。但是，
即使个切刀97可明满足一些目的，还要求这样的计量器柱96的
宽度不大于个切刀97的宽度。但是最好计量器柱96关于钻头10的纵
轴形成大约45至90度的角度A(见图18)，或其度大约为刀头19宽
度的1/2至3/4。计量器切刀97，类似齿20，最好为碳化钨块。
计量尺寸是术语，它表示由刀头19形成的孔的直径。如果刀头旋转
一圈，该直径是计量器柱和一个或多个计量器切刀97通过由刀头19相
对侧上的跟部98划定的尺寸。根区域98起轴承面的作用，它对计量器
钻削动作施加反作用力。包括块20的主钻削面99与传统的非可控撞
击岩石钻孔相同的方式从孔的中心区域除物质。
Fig. 4-5B and 8-20 show cutter head 19C, 19D, 19E, the 19F of several versions that can use in the present invention.As described below, according to the mode of cutter work, heel 98 can be larger inclined-plane (98C), or has by the gradient (seeing 98F) before backward.Similarly, batchmeter post 96 can stretch out a fundamental distance (96E, 96F), or only slightly stretches out (96C), if or cutter head 19 there is suitable asymmetric shape, do not stretch out.In Figure 12-15, be provided for the skewed slot 101 of muck haulage and drilling.In Figure 16-20, each jet 22 also comprise by mouth 22E, 22F, extended and by foam delivery shallow radial slot 102E, the 102F to the excircle of cutter head 19E, 19F.Although proved cutter head 19E and 19F to relevant in Soil and Rock controlling party to state be the most effective, also verified each embodiment in these embodiment can successfully hole.
The present invention allows pipe or cable to be placed on underground, the desired depth place in solid particles of rock state along can bending or the path placement that changes of direction.Operator starts described process on ground or in the pitting having excavated, by gas or liquid, activate impact hammer 16 and through rock, hole rapidly, and in any plane slowly controlling party to change.Operator can keep the degree of depth of requirement like this, and correctly in meeting through requiring other existing burying between communal facility in path to control.
A kind of improvement particularly in influencing each other between the motion of the drilling rod group of clashing into the shape of cutter head in drilling process and directional drilling machine being connected with pneumatic hammer.The motion of relevant cutter head upper-part is very important.Cutter head 19F shown in Figure 18-20 does not depend on that operation planar, gradient or angle are to cause the change of direction.When cutter head 19F is impacted and rotate with Constant Angular Velocity by the consistent anglec of rotation with under the endless form about drilling rod group, owing to forming asymmetric borehole shape, thereby complete direction change, this angle is less than a turn over.
Rotary speed must approach constant, to make carbide alloy clash into cutting knife 20F, 97F, penetrates whole cutting face.The anglec of rotation must be less than a turn over, and it is asymmetrical making boring.The angle turning over for many circulations must be consistent, and every circulation penetration is restricted, and according to ROCK CONDITIONS and rotary speed, every circulation is 0.05 to 0.25.This angle must be greater than 0, otherwise can not carry out drilling, is generally 45 degree above to 240 degree, and 180 degree to 240 degree scopes can obtain best result.The mid point that angle is inswept must be consistent, to cause that direction changes.
The boring forming will be asymmetrical, because cutter head shape is asymmetrical and it not exclusively rotates around drilling rod group axis.Adopt above-mentioned action hole and get into certain distance and carry out a plurality of circulations, asymmetric boring will cause that direction changes (seeing Figure 16) gradually.This boring is greater than drill bit 10 or drilling rod group, makes cutter head axis and cutter head be able to tilt at angle about drilling axis.Space between drill bit and drill hole wall makes drill bit 10 be able in boring medium dip or reset by the boring power producing.The existence of batchmeter post 96 makes center of pressure on cutter head face shift to some points near batchmeter cutting knife 97 by (non-handle hammer have) drill bit central axis.This static thrust and quality are along the effect of cutter head axis.From the reaction force that clashes into drilling effect, be very important, each peak force impacting easily reaches 50000LB and continues several milliseconds.
Because impact forces is along the axis effect that is different from hammer quality and thrust, therefore produce moment (moment of torsion), it can make drill bit 10 and drilling rod group carry out bending in the gap of boring.Drill bit can be tending towards rotation and leave batchmeter post.This action represents drill bit in new direction and holes, to advance along this axis.This axis continuously changes, and it has formed crooked bore path.
In order to avoid the conglobate symmetrical boring of shape in controlling direction operation, cutter head 19 must not carry out drilling in whole revolution.In order to realize this cyclic process, when arriving angle border, operator can rotate in opposite direction, or is retracted and continued rotation by drilling face, until arrive the point starting.The mode of the third selection is retracted and rotated in opposite direction and get back to starting point by drilling face.Successfully used all these three kinds of methods, if but employing small angle rotation and hole are extremely asymmetric, and the third method can make troubles.In this case, cutter head can not rotate and can be stuck.
Shown in use the critical piece of good all cutter heads 19 to be mounted in the batchmeter cutting knife 97 on batchmeter post 96.No matter in cutter head, whether be designed with oblique heel or wedge-shaped part 98, drill bit 10 must have batchmeter post to carry out good direction control in solid particles of rock.Drill bit 10 will not be with batchmeter post but with wedge-shaped part graininess bulk materials as soil in travel direction control.Can also not adopt wedge-shaped part and adopt batchmeter post in graininess soil controlling party to.Adopt two parts in soil, to turn to the most soon.
It is very important in hammer/sniffer housing unit, placing block.Batchmeter post one side that makes the center of gravity of block be partial to hammer into shape axis is harmful to.Can allow to place it in center.It is favourable that its diasporometer measuring device post is placed.The active force of centrifugal block can increase the expection deflection of hammer, improve thus the controlling party that can realize to maximal rate.Owing to hammering 16 Mass Distribution into shape, be symmetrical substantially, the barycenter that can adjust easily drill bit 10 away from batchmeter post by biasing and the optional starting handle 12 of sniffer housing 14 move, to change the barycenter of drill bit 10 along beneficial direction.
The anglec of rotation affect controlling party to speed.The less anglec of rotation forms more eccentric borehole shape and improves turning velocity.But, the little anglec of rotation also form than high rotation angle degree little compared with small bore, and be difficult to by boring in pull out backward hammer.
What usually, eccentric larger segment design can turn to than the design of small eccentricity is faster.Offset is restricted is by transmitting by the axial hammer body of slip cutter head the problem that moment of deflection is brought.Eccentric larger cutter head has high-torque, and more easy to wear at slip joint place.The moment existing has caused wide bearing surface and the spline aiding support below on cutter head axle spline.
Drill bit unique distinction of the present invention is, the compressible substance such with soil compared, although occur that solid particles of rock can bring difficulty to operation, operator can not affected by it and indiscriminately ad. as one wishes make bore path skew (or along straightaway).Resultant motion realizes and turning to or straight line boring.The operating characteristic of the hammer combining with bit geometry applies that together with various rotatablely moving hammer is guided.
Straight boring is the direction the most easily obtaining.Due to scope being provided by drilling rod group, be the compressed air of 80-350psi, therefore applied thrust on hammer.Thrust is on the flat side of a hammer, and counteracting has been applied to the gas pressure on reciprocating drill bit.Hammer and drilling rod group must travel forward, towards hammer compression drill bit about 1/2 to 1 ".The shock that bit location has changed the configuration of internal valves and started to carry out cutter about hammering the variation of position into shape.The pressure being generally applied on hammer is only greater than applied pressure while starting hammer slightly.
Straight in order to make to hole, operator is around drilling rod group axis continuous rotation rig.Speed is generally 5 to 200RPM.Peak performance depends on hammer speed and rotary speed, hammer speed be generally 500 to 1200 shocks/minute.Ideal velocity clashes into 1/2 of its diameter (general piece diameter is 1/2 ") continuously for causing that tungsten carbide slug (tangentially) leaves last time to clash into.In this example, by the capitate of clashing into for 700 times per minute, become 6 " boring of diameter should calculate in the following manner: piece diameter=.50 ", 1/2 diameter=.25 ＂, girth=6.0 " * π=18.84 ", each rotation=.25 clashing into "/18.84 " * 360 degree=4.78 degree, number of degrees * 700 shock numbers/minute=3346 degrees/min, 3346/360=9.3RPM.Speed is usually greater than this speed.When block graphics (pattern) misalignment bit central, around theoretical drilling axis drilling circular hole.This axis is positioned at the centre between batchmeter cutting knife outermost and steering surface bottom (heel).
Boring circular arc (turning to) need to be than along more complicated the moving of straightaway.This explanation is that supposition is upwards turned to by nominal horizontal drilling axis.Can obtain any direction by the mid point orientation to divertical motion again.In order upwards to turn to, batchmeter cutting knife must be positioned in top, below steering surface or heel are positioned at.During imagination, clock face is positioned at bore surfaces front portion, and operator is positioned at 8 startings from batchmeter piece.Drilling rod group is pushed into bore surfaces and activates thus hammer.Once get into smooth, drilling rod group turns clockwise with the ideal velocity of the straight boring of optimum Match.When rotation continues 8 hours of clock face, until batchmeter piece arrives 4 points.Now, hammer is returned to is enough to piece to be pulled away from bore surfaces, makes thus hammer stop.Drilling rod group inhour rotates to 8 and repeat this process, or can use the another kind of method that turns back to above-mentioned starting point.
The method, is known as inclination, and drilling is gone out to circle roughly, but rock sliver is stayed on bottom.Sliver is bed rock.Repeatedly repeat this process, every 4 hours clocks circulation .20 that can advance ".Adopt the circulation rate of 30 beats/min, advance 6 "/minute.Continue drilling as the crow flies and there is the boring profile of semicircle face until steering surface (taper) contacts this bed rock.When moving on, bed rock sliver forces profile to increase.6 " height that has of sliver shown in boring is 0.12 ".The steering surface at off-axis 12 degree angles by this sliver or bed rock to arch 0.12 " and be moved beyond about .57 ".Cutter head is used the straight drilling of its semi-circular profile about 2.5 again " distance, until steering surface contacts this flat bed again.
This process is to have the ladder operation that adopts conical lifter, straight step as shown in figure 16.The action of bed rock has not only changed the height of drill bit, and contributes to it to change angle inclination.The rear portion of drilling rod group (approximately apart from this face rear portion 30 ") as balance pivot or pin joint.The rear portion that do not raise above of rising hammer makes it topple over.Due to direction is carried out to enough changes, operator can straightly hole now, has realized steering correction.Only 32 " the middle drill bit direction of advancing change 3 degree, even this numeral also can allow in compressible medium.
The above-mentioned method turning to is the most effective in rock, but can also be for soil or other loose medium.In addition, can also adopt and stop the technology of cutter head rotation and rely on heel area on cutter head side to turn to cause to depart to realize in soil along anticipated orientation.As mentioned above, when turning to which, it is the most effective making to hammer into shape continuous operation.
Because the destruction being caused by process of the present invention is minimum, the expense in the place of therefore resuming work is minimum often.Even if encounter solid particles of rock in boring, also can below being divided into the highway of multilane, form boring, and use this road simultaneously.When equipment is regained on limit by road, need to not destroy or carry out traffic control, do not use explosive, in boring, constantly follow the tracks of bit location, do not need the opposite side of heavy equipment being transported to road to go.Can start at surface drilling, and can realize boring by forming rock face at impact point.In addition,, if must pass sand ground or soil in order to arrive rock stratum, drill bit of the present invention allows to turn under such condition.
alternative embodiment
In alternative embodiment, can make impact hammer work of the present invention with liquid medium, with to drilling operate portions transferring power.Liquid medium can comprise moisture and non-aqueous fluid (for example boring with fluid solution, dispersion or mud) rather than compressible fluid (as air).Hydraulic drive fluid is used for making fluid to drive hammer work like this, can comprise moisture and non-aqueous fluid, and this fluid can be prepared with the additive with various useful properties.Drilling operation in, this drilling operation has comprised provides the fluid for brill (generally well-known for drilling slurry) that helps drilling operation, preferably with such brill, with fluid, transmits operating pressure and drives and hammer into shape with drive fluid.But the hydraulic drive fluid of guiding can also drive hammer for operating fluid respectively.
The fluid that to be suitable for basis that drive fluid drives hammer be water comprises the aqueous solution or has the dispersion of various types of materials, as synthesizing polymeric material or natural or synthesis of clay, known they have and expand and lubrication property, as colloidal substance clay.The fluid that also to can be used for other basis that drive fluid drives hammer be water comprises take the brill fluid that water is basis, contains CaO, CaCO3, lime and potassium compound and similar inorganic material.Fluid can mix polymeric material in a small amount, comprise preferred unmodified polymer additive and sulfide polymer, as styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (styrene-maleric anhydride copolymer) and at least one water soluble (CO) polymers of being prepared by acrylic acid, acrylic amine or derivatives thereof.Other moisture brill comprises water with fluid, the glyceryl alcohol that is mixed with gelling agent, antifoamer in water and chooses in comprising the group of glycerine, polyglycereol and its mixture.Other comprises anti-latex (inver emulsion) brill fluid.Basis is that the fluid of polymer can have organic or carbohydrate thickener is formulated, and thickener comprises cellulosic cpd, polyacrylamide, natural emulsion mannosan (galactomannan) and various other polysaccharide.
Being suitable for drive fluid, to drive the basis of hammer 216 be that water-free fluid comprises synthetic fluid, and this fluid comprises polyglycols, synthetic carbohydrate fluid, organic ester, phosphate and silicon.
But understand, for drive fluid, driving the basis of hammer is that water and basis is not for the fluid of water is not limited to above-mentioned these fluids.Those skilled in the art can know and can adopt other fluid not deviate from scope of the present invention as boring with fluid driven plunger hammer.
With fluid-operated jump bit, compare and there is several extra characteristics and advantage with pneumatic impact hammer.For example, fluid drive hammer can be under about 800 to 2000psi operating pressures rather than the working pressure range of the 80-350psi that uses of compressed air beche under work.Hydraulic drive hammer produces the higher-wattage of jump bit in the service behaviour compared with under high workload pressure, therefore improved the work capacity for holing.
As mentioned above, be generally used for driving the maximum working pressure (MWP) of beche to be limited to about 300 to 500psi.Beche is subject to the restriction of lower operating pressure, and this part is to be caused by the factor endangering safety intrinsic when with compressible flow body running.The Latent destruction of for example, working under hundreds of psi (with higher) operating pressure and losing efficacy and cause with cause pressure line.In order to solve these potential safety problems, so beche is limited to about maximum working pressure (MWP) of 300 to 500psi conventionally.
In addition, due to square being directly proportional of the energy of beche and its speed, and speed is directly proportional to operating pressure, therefore, for the energy of holing to square being directly proportional of operating pressure.Therefore, any the restriction of beche operating pressure is directly caused to the restriction to the work capacity for holing.
Other characteristic of hydraulic drive hammer is the energy transfer efficiency having higher than beche.For example, because the compression ratio of liquid is actual, be zero, in most of practical applications, can ignore, energy loss in the hydraulic drive hammer therefore causing due to the heat conversion being caused by compression is actual is zero.But this is to contrast with beche, beche is due to for driving the compressibility of fluid of hammer and off-energy efficiency.For example, when gas when compression temperature raise, this dissipation of heat, in environment, and reduces the energy efficiency of beche thus.
In addition, in boring, owing to fluid being directed to the passage of hammer, remain full of, therefore for operating fluid, drive the liquid of hammer can not reduce pressure.These are different from the situation of beche, when by each, new pipeline section joins in drilling rod group, and the common step-down of gas line.Therefore,, before proceeding drilling operation, the volume in gas line must repressurize.While being appreciated that the drilling rod quantity increase in drilling rod group, need to be pretty troublesome to pipeline repressurize.
It is to take away from drilling rod group front portion the drilling cuttings around drilling rod group producing boring work that fluid drives another feature of hammer.The liquid being finished flows out drilling rod group by being arranged on passage in drilling rod group, provides effective method for this reason and drilling cuttings is taken away by drill bit front portion.Otherwise the air being finished in beche can not resemble the liquid being finished and effectively take away drilling cuttings.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, fluid drives hammer 216 (seeing Figure 22) conventionally to carry out work with above-mentioned with reference to the identical principle of pneumatic hammer 16.And as mentioned above, no matter the hammer of every type, be that strength drives or hydraulic drive, all there is the remarkable advantage that the medium (as compressible fluid convection cell) that only has for driving hammer just has.Therefore, in one embodiment of the invention, pneumatic hammer 16 can drive hammer 100 (seeing Figure 21 and 22), 400 (seeing Figure 23 and 24) or 216 (seeing Figure 25) to replace with fluid.For example, fluid drives hammer 100,400 and 216 with fluid or any other hydraulic drive fluid known in those skilled in the art, to drive with boring, and can not deviate from scope of the present invention.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, it can be the hammer of any type known in the art that fluid of the present invention drives hammer.For example, it can be by the US5715897 of Gustafsson, disclosed type in the US5107944 of the US5785995 of Eckwall, Gustafsson and/or the US5014796 of Gustafsson that fluid drives hammer, herein by these patent contents as a reference.But person of skill in the art will appreciate that, the hammer being disclosed in these lists of references can not be controlled, and does not comprise sniffer and is not applied in horizontal drilling.
Conventionally, fluid drives hammer and other fluid hammer need the operating pressure of certain level and flow to activate hammer.In addition, fluid drives hammer need to clash into the power (as the thrust of the actuator generation by horizontal direction rig) of drilling rod group, and its revolts the piston of hammer.Under this power effect, hammer can not activated, irrelevant with the pressure or the fluid that are applied on hammer.
Can drive the design of hammer to improve to change the relation (as thrust and operating pressure) between these parameters by convection cell.Therefore, fluid makes to be applied on hammer by the operating pressure of liquid transfer while driving hammer can be designed on boring cutter head without any thrust, and bores the nominal force that cutter head applies and make fluid drive hammer starting heading on subsequently.This design is called as subsequently standard (NIN) type fluid and drives hammer design.
The G-Drill of Sweden has manufactured a kind of standard type (NIN) fluid and has driven hammer design, and it is specified for business by Water Powered ITH Hammer WASSARA W100 and W100S.Here the standard type NIN fluid of indication drives to hammer into shape to be usually designed to more clean water and carrys out work as drive fluid.Be appreciated that when using when driving the brill of hammer use fluid, can drive hammer into shape to standard type NIN fluid and improve.For example, can revise internal clearance and form the material that NIN hammers into shape, making boring the higher tack conventionally having with fluid and accurately operating compared with making under high pollution to hammer into shape.
Figure 21 and 22 has shown that standard type NIN fluid drives the example of hammer 100.Here brief description hammer 100.But, must be with reference to the US5715897 of Gustafsson for hammer is described in more detail.
Fluid power in embodiment described in Figure 21 and 22 clashes in the work of motor, and the supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 causes that piston hammer 124 moves along its forward stroke by the supercharging of piston area 137.The decompression in rear drive chamber 126 makes piston hammer 124 move along its backward stroke.By making the continuous pressurization in front wheel driving chamber 134 form backward stroke on piston area 136.
The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 and decompression are controlled by the position of guiding valve 140.Guiding valve 140 has two operating positions.Figure 21 has shown the first operating position, and to 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.The second operating position (not shown) moves backward to guiding valve 140 to lean against on bonnet 138.This position causes to be reduced pressure in rear drive chamber 126 and chain of command A1 and A2.Due to the continuous bias voltage on chain of command A3, although chain of command A1 and A2 decompression, guiding valve 140 also remains on the second operating position.
Guiding valve 140 by primary importance to the loopy moving of the second place Position Control by piston hammer 124.When piston hammer 124 moves forward to clash into brill cutter head 114, chain of command A2 supercharging, so that guiding valve 140 moves towards its second operating position, makes chain of command A2 decompression.When piston hammer 124 arrives the limit of backward stroke, chain of command A1 reduces pressure so that guiding valve 140 moves to its first operating position.
When starting, suppose that machine is in initial decompression state.Pressurized water is entered machine and is made as mentioned above annular space 158 superchargings by bonnet 122.A plurality of parallel channels 157 pass vertically valve chest 120 and connect 134He space, front wheel driving chamber 158.Therefore, front wheel driving chamber 134 supercharging immediately when starting in fact.Similarly, a plurality of passages are connected with booster cavity 158 entering the row of one in annular chamber 147 mouth 162, so that chamber 147 just supercharging immediately when starting in fact.
When starting, can not infer that guiding valve 140 or piston hammer 124 are in any ad hoc structure.Therefore, will analyze different structure state, every kind of analysis all supposes that machine has the front wheel driving chamber 134 of supercharging and the annular chamber 147 of supercharging now, as previously mentioned.
In addition preferably can limit the restrictive axial position of piston hammer 124.Can by employing manage 123 stop and limited piston hammer 124 after move, make mouthfuls 160 preferably to stay open.In addition, adopt face A5 limited piston hammer 124 by stopping of valve chest 120 after move.Or employing face 137 limited piston hammer 124 by stopping of valve chest 120 after move, effectively close rear drive chamber 126 and pass and remain silent 160.The liquid being leaked in rear drive chamber 126 by mouth 160 then makes piston area 137 superchargings as required.
The reach of piston hammer 124 can be restricted by the shock of target (boring cutter head 114) (as shown in figure 22).Under this restriction forward, between surface A 6 and guide bearing 118 and the piston area of surface A 6, produce gap, guarantee piston area supercharging when starting of surface A 6.
First, suppose that guiding valve 140 is in position forward, as shown in figure 22 when starting.Annular chamber 147 communicates with annular chamber 148, by mouth 162, passage 159 and mouth 160, will make 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.
If piston hammer 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward, mouth 153 and 155 can be closed.Mouth 156 can be opened.Opening 156 communicates with front wheel driving chamber 134, and makes piston area A1 supercharging by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, keeps guiding valve 140 in its position forward.The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 is carried out its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working by starting piston hammer 124.
The axial location if piston hammer 124 mediates (mouth 153 is closed), mouth 155 and 156 can open or close when starting.If mouth 155 or 156 is opened, then piston area A1 meeting supercharging, or by the front wheel driving chamber 134 of per os 156, or by the rear drive chamber 126 through oral area 155.Guiding valve 140 can remain on its position forward thus, and piston hammer 124 will complete its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.
If mouth 155 and 156 is closed when starting, the supercharging meeting in rear drive chamber 126 starts piston hammer 124 and moves forward.In initial forward stroke, mouth 155 can be opened subsequently, can make piston area A1 supercharging in regular working cycles.
If piston hammer in or near the extreme position of its reach, mouthfuls 153 and 155 can open when starting.The supercharging meeting in rear drive chamber 126 (by mouth 155) makes piston area A1 supercharging, and meeting (by mouth 153) makes piston A2 supercharging.Guiding valve 140 can move to its position backward makes rear drive chamber 126 decompression the supercharging by piston area 136 make piston hammer 124 start to carry out rear stroke.
Then, suppose the centre position of guiding valve 140 between its settling position forward and backward.If guiding valve 140 carries out enough reaches, make annular chamber 147 and annular chamber 148 keep communicating, then start-up course is identical by the start-up course of the guiding valve completely forward 140 with above-mentioned.
If guiding valve 140 in or near settling position backward, then shoulder 149 prevents from communicating between annular chamber 147 and annular chamber 148.Therefore,, when starting, rear drive chamber 126 is by not supercharging immediately.
If plunger shaft 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward, mouth 153 and 155 can be closed.Mouth 156 can be opened.Opening 156 communicates with front wheel driving chamber 134 and makes piston area A1 supercharging by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, drives guiding valve 140 to move to its settling position forward.Annular chamber 148 can communicate with annular chamber 147 now, makes 126 superchargings of rear drive chamber.The supercharging in rear drive chamber 126 is carried out its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working by starting piston hammer 124.
The axial location if piston hammer 124 mediates (mouth 153 is closed), mouth 155 and 156 can open or close when starting.If mouth 155 or 156 is opened, then piston area A1 meeting supercharging, or by the front wheel driving chamber 134 of per os 156, or by the rear drive chamber 126 of per os 155.Guiding valve 140 can be driven to its settling position forward thus, and piston hammer 124 will complete its stroke forward, the circulation of starting working.
If mouthfuls 155 and 156 close when starting, the supercharging in front wheel driving chamber 134 by startups piston hammer 124 backward movement with the circulation of starting working (rear drive chamber 126 still not can supercharging).Mouth 156 is opened subsequently in initial backward stroke, makes piston area A1 supercharging in regular working cycles.
If piston hammer 124 in or near the extreme position of its reach, mouthfuls 153 and 155 will when starting, open.But rear drive chamber 126 can supercharging, thus the supercharging meeting in front wheel driving chamber 134 to start piston hammer 124 mobile with the circulation of starting working backward.
The above-mentioned standard type NIN hammer called after Water Powered ITHHammer WASSARA that is appreciated that manufacture, model is W100/W100S.This hammer comprises the characteristic when not having masterpiece to be used in to bore on cutter head 114, and pressure is applied on piston hammer 124, and charging fluid is by piston hammer 124 passage of gushing out.
An example that has provided the work limit of standard type NIN fluid driving hammer in table 1 below, for example Water Power ITH Hammer WASSARA model is W100/W100S.
table 1
Power is applied on the brill cutter head of 300-500lbs. at least, the liquid stream that needs to start hammer will be 5 to 20 gallons (gpm) per minute:
1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, fluid flows and will be limited in: when a) power on acting on brill cutter head is in about 0-500lbs, flowing velocity must be set as about 10 to 15gpm;
When b) power on acting on brill cutter head is greater than about 500lbs, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);
2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, fluid-flow rate should be set in minimum flow velocity:
A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);
In addition, be appreciated that can design a kind of fluid drives hammer, make to bore and on cutter head, do not act on any power hour hammer and do not work.This is commonly referred to as flushing (flushing) position.Like this, when hammering into shape in flush position, the power applying within the scope of staking-out work to brill cutter head will can not start hammer.This design later refers to initiatively wash type GIN design, has described a kind of design of the type in the US5014796 patent of Gustafsson.
Initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives the G-DrillAB of Chui You Sweden to manufacture, and this hammer be take model and sold as GIN W100/W100S " G2 ".As mentioned above, normative reference type NIN fluid drives hammer design, and the active wash type GIN fluid of indication drives to hammer into shape to be also usually designed to more clean water and operates with fluid as boring here.Be appreciated that when driving hammer with brill with fluid, can improve standard type GIN fluid and drive hammer.For example, can improve internal clearance and form the material that GIN hammers into shape, making with conventionally there being the brill of viscosity higher and higher degree pollutant to carry out proper operation hammer with fluid.
Figure 23 a, 23b and 24 show initiatively wash type GIN fluid and drive hammer 400.Although will briefly explain here in the US5014796 that hammers 400, Gustafsson into shape and make further instruction to hammering 400 into shape.Referring now to Figure 23 a and 23b, show the shell 418 of rotary rock drill 410, it consists of the oval cylindrical tube generally having compared with uniform thickness, and this pipe has interior annular adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 is preferably integral with valve box 412, and cylinder 411 is contained in shell 418 and is supported by the loop configuration 414 and 415 of radial separation, and loop configuration 414 and 415 is resisted against on adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 is fixed in shell 418 vertically by tubular cartridge 416, and extend below and between bonnet (not shown) tubular cartridge 416 valve box 412.Lining 416 is fixed on the rear portion of shell 418 by screw thread, and rotation is passed to shell 418 in normal way.
The inside of lining 418 forms mouth 417, conventionally provides and uses the preferably drilling pipe of water of high-pressure fluid.Water by bonnet and confession should and for driving the brill of going into the well.
As blocking as shown in view of Figure 23 b, bore cutter head 420 accommodating and remain in sleeve pipe 421 slidably, sleeve pipe 421 by Screw assembly to the front end of shell 418.Bore the anvil 419 of cutter head 420 stretches out in the cannelure 422 of sleeve pipe 421.Guide bearing 423 in sleeve pipe 421 is arranged on the rear portion of groove 422.Bore cutter head 420 and there is the irrigation channel 424 running through, lead to its work end, between sleeve pipe 421 and brill cutter head 420, common spline joint (not shown) is set, thus rotation is delivered to here by shell 418.
By shell 418, forming 425，Chang chamber, long chamber 418 extends boring between the guide bearing 423 of cutter head sleeve pipe 421 and the separated loop configuration 414 and 415 of cylinder 411.Chamber 425 remains under low fluid pressure forever, and the one or more relief passages 426 due to connection chamber 425 and cannelure 422 reduce pressure, and cannelure 422 communicates with the irrigation channel 424 boring in cutter head 420.
Between the hammer portion 432 of piston 429 and increase, have the neck 431 dwindling, the diameter of this neck 431 equals the diameter of axle journal 430.Neck 431 by radial separation ring structure 414,415 around and sealing and in ring structure 414,415, freely move back and forth.
The neck 431 dwindling arranges relative cylinder chamber 441 around, and drive surface 442 is towards this chamber 441 relatively for annular, and drive surface 442 is less than drive surface 440 and is suitable for forcing piston 429 mobile to complete hammer 428 backward strokes backward.
Valve box 412 has axial hole 445, and tubular control valve 446 (preferably guiding valve) moves back and forth in axial hole 445.Therefore the inside of control valve 446 and conduit 438 normal opens also remain on the low fluid pressure of irrigation channel 434 and 424.The mode that control valve 446 has to seal and slide is arranged on the differential piston 447 in axial hole 445, by screw thread, is screwed in the lid 448 sealing axial holes 445 in valve box 412.Lid 448 is enclosed within the upper skirt 449 of control valve 446 in the mode of sealing and slip.The opposite end of control valve forms skirt end 451.The waist 452 dwindling is arranged between skirt end 451 and differential piston 447.The external diameter of skirt end 451 is less times greater than the external diameter of upper skirt 449, and is slightly less than the diameter in hole 445.Intermediate step portion 450 is 445 borders, hole.The guiding of the stretching out portion 454 (seeing Figure 24) of dangling is arranged on the axial vane surface of skirt end 451 and when control valve 446 moves back and forth between the position of Figure 23 a and the position of Figure 24 as guide, in the position of Figure 23 a, skirt end 451 is near getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation 453 and seal, in the position shown in Figure 24, skirt end 451 is near intermediate step 450 sealings.
In operation, the mobile ad-hoc that control valve 446 is suitable for response hammer 428 is the position of response control flume 433 on piston 429 and moving back and forth.For this reason, as shown in Figure 23 a and 24, control channel 461 is extended and the control chamber 480 in valve opening 445 upper ends is connected with the cylindrical wall between chamber 439 and 441.These chambeies are aimed at piston control flume 433, as shown in Figure 23 a position, control flume 433 is connected control channel 461 with the fluid passage 462 of leading to low pressure chamber 425, upper end earial drainage due to valve opening 445, the above-mentioned valve bias voltage making progress makes control valve 446 be moved upwards up to the position shown in its Figure 24, wherein descends valve skirt section 451 near intermediate step 450 sealings.
Therefore, the hammer 428 in Figure 23 b impinges upon on anvil block 419 and during the upper end earial drainage of valve opening 445, the high pressure that is delivered to valve opening 445 lower ends by passage 458 and 459 by mouth 417 moves to control valve 446 position of Figure 24.Now, and until the hammer 428 under the bias effect making progress at it moves to the position of Figure 24, actuator chamber 439 will 453 be emptied to conduit 438 by passage 460 and getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation of opening.The fluid flowing out is introduced into passage 434 and 424 to rinse the hole getting out by boring cutter head 420 in rock.
During rear positions in arriving Figure 24, the control flume 433 of piston 429 connects branched bottoms 463 and high-pressure channel 458 is communicated with passage 461.This makes valve opening 445 end superchargings.Because the diameter between valve skirt section 449 and 451 is poor, make the rear surface of differential valve piston 447 be greater than relative clean surface, on valve piston 447, formed and produced constant bias voltage backward, result makes control valve be moved back into the position of Figure 23 A.Therefore, intermediate valve step 450 is opened, and drives cylinder chamber 439 to be connected with high fluid pressure with passage 460 by passage 458 and 459, valve waist 452.As a result, force hammer 428 to complete its driving stroke, to clash into, see Figure 23 B on the anvil block 419 that bores cutter head.Then repeat aforesaid operations.
In the lifting position of rotary rock drill, bore cutter head 420 and can be sunk a little forward by the position shown in Figure 23 B.Now, 428 the increase portion 432 of hammering into shape is stopped, and hammer barred also drops in the front hole 466 in chamber 425.Meanwhile, high pressure branched bottom 463 communicates with actuator chamber 439.Chamber 439 is by (being arranged in wall conduit 438) hole 467 earial drainages to carry out fluid flushing thoroughly, and object is the impact energy that changes host rock churn drill.
The water of 180bar (18Mpa) can be transported to mouth 417.In the requirement that changes fluid during hammer moves back and forth, conventionally by the pipe with fluid, carry the compression of the water column in rotary rock drill 410 and expand again balance, avoiding thus using bottom outlet gas-loaded accumulator.
Adopt the hydraulic pressure of 180bar (18Mpa) and the drill sleeve of 96mm diameter, for example, new valve design obtains the Impact energy of about 25-30kW and approaches the air blast frequency of 60Hz.The water consumption that is approximately public liter/min of 150-200 has obtained the water flushing speed higher than 0.6 meter per second, and in the hole that is 116mm at diameter, this speed is enough to the landwaste of taking away in vertical drilling by promoting.
Be appreciated that above-mentioned standard type GIN hammer has such characteristic, when not having masterpiece to be used on brill cutter head 420, pressure is applied on piston hammer 428, and charging fluid is gone out passage by piston hammer 428.
Above-mentioned model is that GIN W100/W100S " G2 " standard type GIN fluid drives an example of the work limit of hammer to be provided by following table 2.
table 2
1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, by order below, carry out:
A) power is decreased to and is approximately 0;
B) to fluid hammer, apply with the mobile fluid of the speed of 15gpm, result is to make hammer move to flush position;
C) from now, control rate of flow of fluid and act on the thrust of boring on cutter head, make:
Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs); Or
Maximum, force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm).
2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, by order below, carry out:
A) rate of flow of fluid that flows to hammer is decreased to and is approximately 0;
B) apply minimum force 500lbs;
C) application minimum flow velocity 15gpm;
D) from now, control, make:
Minimum force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm); Or
Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs).
Referring now to Figure 25, in one embodiment, the drill bit 210 forming according to the principle of the invention comprises that probe support body/housing 214, the fluid as universal component drives hammer 216 and bore tool bit assembly 218 from the head to the tail.Drill bit 210 also comprises starting handle 212.The end 213 of starting handle 212 connects the common drilling rod group being driven by directional drilling machine.In one embodiment, bore with fluid by drilling rod group, starting handle 212 and carry by the passage in probe support body 214.This fluid also drives hammer 216 for drive fluid.
Bore tool bit assembly 218 and comprise brill cutter head 219A and cutter head axle 221A, bore cutter head 219A and have row's cutting teeth 220A, cutter head axle 221A (seeing Figure 25 B) is for being arranged on by boring cutter head 219A the front end that fluid drives hammer 216.Boring cutter head 219A is removably mounted on axle 221A by inserting the pin that rolls of transverse holes 223.In one embodiment of the invention, the mouth 222A (seeing Figure 25 B) with angle is arranged in brill tool bit assembly 218 will drive from fluid the consumption fluid of hammer 216 to be penetrated by the front portion of boring cutter head 219A.At the brill with angle oral area 222A with fluid for taking away from the drilling cuttings that comprises soil and/or carg that bores cutter head path.
In one embodiment, be provided with the drill bit 210 with probe support body 214, wherein probe support body 214 comprises connector.In one embodiment of the invention, this connector is screw element 259, and it is suitable for being connected to fluid and drives on the end of thread of hammering 216 into shape.As mentioned above, be appreciated that spline joint can drive for probe support body 214 being connected to fluid arbitrary end of hammer 216 and starting handle 212.Saved spline same type roll that pin connects can be for brill cutter head 219A be arranged on axle 221A.
Refer again to Figure 25 and 25A, the end of thread 250 is set and makes the center line of the end of thread 250 or the longitudinal axis " L " the angulation θ of the longitudinal axis " 1 " (bending axis) and drilling rod group.Angle θ can, by about 0.5 ° of extremely about 2.0 ° of variation, be typically about 1.5 °.But, be appreciated that angle θ is subject to the restriction of following condition, drill bit 210 can be for drilling solid particles of rock and compressible soil.In other words, when piercing solid particles of rock, the angle of bending axis is no more than predetermined value, and drill bit 210 is not stuck in hole.The appointment longitudinal axis L that is further appreciated that drilling rod group conventionally can near or be positioned at probe 214 and starting handle 212 places.
Fluid drives hammer 216 to connect probe support body 214, makes fluid drive the length of hammer 216 and the longitudinal axis " L " the angulation θ of drilling rod group.Angle θ forms skew (or bending axis) so that drill bit 210 turns to.Those skilled in the art can easily understand the end of thread 250 that pneumatic hammer 216 can also connect probe support body 214 in a similar manner.
When compressible substance is holed in as soil, by utilizing by probe support body 210 and fluid, drive hammer 216 bending axis that form, operator can make drill bit 210 by straight path deflection or turn to along the offset direction requiring.For example, although hole in soil in a generally horizontal direction, also can require drill bit 210 along usually up direction deflection.This can realize in the following manner, by first rotating whole drilling rod group, makes the fluid at utmost being extended by the drilling rod group longitudinal axis " L " drive the part of hammer 216 to point to the yawing moment requiring.When drill bit 210 being placed in suitable deflection orientation, by applied boring power by directional drilling machine, drill bit 210 is advanced.Therefore, the path of drill bit 210 drives the orientation of hammer 216 to carry out deflection according to fluid.This steering operation is similar to the operation of using when drill bit is equipped with the bool for making the deflection of drilling rod group or turning to.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, drill bit 210 can or turn to according to the direction deflection that edge requires by using various technology of the dielectric property that will hole.For example when drilling through compressible soil in order to make drill bit 210 deflections or to turn to, drill bit 210 does not rotate conventionally, fluid drives hammer 21 can or cannot be operated.But other soil types has such characteristic, in order to make drill bit 210 along suitable direction deflection, be singly that the thrust deficiency of drilling rod group is so that drill bit 210 deflections.Therefore, in the soil of some type, can require to adopt fluid to drive hammer 216 to transmit shock to boring cutter head 219A, change the direction in soil simultaneously.
In addition, when boring solid particles of rock, drill bit 210 does not rotate conventionally, by drive hammer 216 to clash into boring cutter head 219A transmission with fluid.Drill bit 210 then adopts with the essentially identical method of tilting of above-mentioned employing pneumatic hammer 16 and changes the direction in solid particles of rock.For example, drilling goes out circular, but makes rock sliver or bed rock (shelf) stay bottom and repeat this process repeatedly.Above-mentioned method of tilting produces has vertical (riser) step with taper and the straight step shown in Figure 16.As mentioned above, the action of bed rock has changed the height of drill bit and has contributed to it to change angle of inclination.
Also have osculant soil, this soil has such characteristic, and drill bit 210 can rotate the circular arc (and/or keeping static) that is less than 360 degree, drives 216 pairs of hammers to bore cutter head 219A simultaneously and clashes into, in order that change the direction in soil with fluid.And this process can adopt the method for tilting identical with above-mentioned employing pneumatic hammer 16 to complete.But under certain conditions,, although drilling rod group can be rotated in deflection or steering procedure, also can not need to by fluid, drive hammer 216 shocks that carry out.
With reference to Figure 25 B, shown the sectional view that bores tool bit assembly 218.In one embodiment of the invention, bore tool bit assembly 218 and arrange in sleeve 217, this sleeve 217 has the external surface 223 that is suitable for the inner surface 221 of accommodating brill tool bit assembly 218 and is suitable for being contained in fluid driving hammer 216 ends.The inner surface that is appreciated that sleeve 217 can have the various parts for accommodating drilling rod 221A, as is similar to the spline of the spline 72B of drilling rod 21A, as mentioned above.In addition, the external surface 223 of sleeve 217 can have screw thread, for being connected in by boring tool bit assembly 218 end that fluid drives hammer 216, drives hammer 216 to have the one group of matching thread that is arranged on hammer 216 inside.
Be appreciated that various brill cutter head assemblies can and be integral with it for brill tool bit assembly 218, and do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, boring tool bit assembly 218 can bore cutter head by the WO9919596 of Esposito and/or the brill cutter head of the disclosed type of US5778991 or other and replace.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, selecting to bore cutter head is the design alternative problem one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that.
With reference to Figure 25, will appreciate that in one embodiment of the invention, bore cutter head 219A and (as be arranged on the batchmeter post boring in cutter head assembly 18 and 218, or other " non-equilibrium " bores cutter head-for example have asymmetrical shape and/or layout and structure so that with asymmetric manner drilling) effective steering geometry shape should be the arrangement that is in line, making effective steering geometry shape is the position being positioned at apart from the drilling rod group longitudinal axis " L " solstics.Effective steering geometry shape of in addition, boring cutter head 219A should be to drive the arrangement that is in line of the axle " l " of hammer 216 with fluid.Therefore, before use, the orientation of probe 246 (seeing Figure 22 A) should drive the orientation of hammer 216 corresponding with effective steering geometry shape of boring cutter head 219A with fluid.
Referring now to Figure 26 A, it is interior between probe absorbing part 255A-B that probe 246 is arranged on probe support body 214.Probe protractor assembly 251 is placed between probe 246 and absorbing part 255B.
Apart from bore the effective steering geometry shape of cutter head 219A the longitudinal axis " L " outermost portion and apart from fluid, drive the outermost point of hammer 216 longitudinal axis " l " must be corresponding with the orientation of probe 246.Therefore, to the most external of the effective steering geometry shape of brill cutter head 219A apart from the longitudinal axis " L " with apart from fluid, drive the most external of hammer 216 longitudinal axis " l " to carry out such adjustment, that is, they are aimed at.Probe protractor assembly 251 is set to be driven hammer 216 and bores between cutter head 219A and the final orientation adjustment of probe 216 to carry out fluid.
Referring now to Figure 26 B-C, probe protractor assembly 251 comprises cloudy detector cover 239, and this detector cover 239 has calibration face 242 and comprises the calibration tongue of projection 241.Calibration lid 240 is connected with cloudy detector cover 239.Calibration lid 240 comprises calibration face 253, and calibration face 253 coordinates with the calibration face 242 of cloudy detector cover 239.Calibration tongue projection 241 is suitable for being connected with the respective grooves being arranged in absorbing part 255B.
The cloudy detector cover 239 of probe protractor assembly 251 comprises small embossment 238.Cloudy calibration lid 239 is by keeping bolt 243 to connect calibration lid 240.Keep bolt 243 to comprise retention nut 244 and keep-spring 245.Cloudy detector cover 239 is partial to calibration lid 240 under the elastic force effect of keep-spring 245.Can adjust confining force by retention nut 244.
In use, once fluid drives hammer 216 and the orientation of boring between effective steering geometry shape of cutter head 210A is fixing, by probe protractor assembly 251 and probe 246 simultaneously indexing (for example rotation) to all three parts (the effective geometry that drives hammer 216 and bore cutter head 219A as probe 246, fluid) are carried out to its correct levelling, complete final adjustment.Once three parts have been adjusted, the orientation of probe 246 just can be for determining the yawing moment of drilling rod group, and no matter the operator of directional drilling machine utilizes the bending axis of fluid hammer 216 to come deflection to bore the path of compressible soil, no matter or operator utilize and bore cutter head 219A and come deflection to bore the path of solid particles of rock.Certainly, person of skill in the art will appreciate that, can adopt other technology and structure to complete the indexing of three parts and not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Referring now to Figure 27, shown in for the system 300 of holing, comprise directional drilling machine 302.Directional drilling machine 302 comprises Rack Body 304, and it has actuator 306 so that manage feeding together with being screwed in by screw thread.Directional drilling machine 302 for the drilling rod group 308 with pipe is pushed to underground so as boring.Therefore for drilling rod group 308 is pushed in ground, directional drilling machine 302 is the thrust along drilling rod group axis by actuator 306 formation.
For the system 300 of holing, also can comprise controller 322, for detection of with control the thrust being produced by actuator 306.Controller 322 also can be suitable for detecting and controlled pressure source 320.
Be appreciated that controller 322 can be computer control case, comprise one or more microprocessors and various other control circuit.The serial number proposing on September 24th, 1999 is 09/405,889, name is called " for controlling real-time control system and the method (REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCONTROLLING AN UNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) of underground boring machine " U.S. Patent application and Bischeld US594412 have described a kind of electronic control module, introduce its full content here as a reference.Certainly person of skill in the art will appreciate that, the operator 324 of directional drilling machine 302 can also and observe by operation control valve provides the parameter indicator of pressure and the thrust number of degrees to control thrust and pressure with manual mode.
Hole-drilling system also comprises the drill bit 310 that is positioned at drilling rod group 308 ends.Drill bit 310 comprises visiting have probe support body 314, the impact hammer 316 of probe 346 and bore cutter head 319.Starting handle also can hit in drill bit 310.Be positioned at locator on the ground 326 and determine the position of probe 346.
In use, pressurized liquid is transferred in the passage that runs through drilling rod group 308, in order that operating fluid drives hammer 316.As mentioned above, fluid drives 316 pairs of drill bits 319 of hammer to clash into pierce in various types of soil.But, can not require that fluid drives the shock operating time of hammer 316 yet.Therefore, the present invention also provides the method for on/off (ON/OFF) state of controlling impact hammer 316.
Referring now to Figure 28 and 29, show for controlling the method for the ON/OFF of impact hammer (as beche or fluid driving hammer).Figure 28 has shown the embodiment that standard type NIN fluid drives the ON/OFF of hammer to control, and Figure 29 has shown the embodiment that initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives the ON/OFF of hammer to control.Be appreciated that supposition carrys out the threshold pressure of suitable adjusting operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid, these basic principles go for being similar to the pneumatic hammer of above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.
Person of skill in the art will appreciate that following methods can or be implemented by the control module (hereinafter referred to controller) of directional drilling machine by the operator of directional drilling machine.The name proposing on September 24th, 1999 is called " for controlling real-time control system and the method (REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCONTROLLING AN UNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) of underground boring machine ", serial number is 09/405, a kind of electronic control module of realizing these functions has been described, by introducing its full content as a reference in 889 U.S. Patent application herein.
Figure 28 shows the embodiment flow chart 258 that standard type NIN fluid drives the ON/OFF control method of hammer.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, suppose the threshold pressure that carrys out suitable adjusting operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid, these basic principles are suitable for and the similar pneumatic hammer of above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.
Standard type NIN fluid drives a kind of performance constraint of hammer as follows:
Power is applied in the drilling rod group of 300-500lbs at least, the liquid stream that needs to start hammer will be 15 to 20 gallons (gpm) per minute:
1) if require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, fluid flows and will be limited in:
When a) power on acting on drilling rod group is in about 0-500lbs, flowing velocity must be set as about 15gpm;
When b) power on acting on drilling rod group is greater than about 500lbs, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);
2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, fluid-flow rate should be set in minimum flow velocity:
A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 * power (lbs);
Therefore,, at program block 260, whether operator or effector select to use hammer to clash into function.If do not select to clash into function, at program block 262, operator or effector are limited in starting standard NIN fluid by the fluid flow of directional drilling machine and drive below the required threshold value of hammer.
Then, at program block 264, keep fluid flow moving when starting standard NIN fluid drives below the required threshold value of hammer, the thrust of directional drilling machine is adjusted to lower than starting standard type NIN fluid and driven the required threshold level of hammer.Owing to there being certain relation between thrust and flow velocity, if flow velocity surpasses scheduled volume, then thrust can keep below certain level, to guarantee that hammer is inoperative.The example of order comprises a level that flow velocity is set in to requirement, then applied thrust.In addition, first thrust can be set to the level of requirement, then sets flow velocity.For example, flow velocity is set in 15gpm at first, and there is no applied thrust.Once then thrust reaches 500lbs, for example, flow velocity (gpm) can improve by ratio 0.03 * power (lbs).
At program block 266, thrust remains on that fluid is hammered into shape is inoperative low-level.In addition,, if require the rotation of drilling rod group in boring procedure, thrust is limited in lower than standard type NIN fluid and drives the required threshold level of hammer starting.
If at program block 260, operator or effector's choice for use hammer clash into function.Process is switched to program block 270.At program block 270, fluid flow is brought up to fluid and is driven the level more than required threshold value of hammer.In addition, more than the thrust that directional drilling machine provides is brought up to the required threshold level of starting fluid driving hammer.
Figure 29 is a kind of embodiment flow chart 278 of the ON/OFF control method that initiatively driving of wash type GIN fluid is hammered into shape.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that, suppose the threshold pressure that carrys out suitable adjusting operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid, these basic principles are suitable for being similar to the pneumatic hammer of above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.
As mentioned above, initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives a kind of performance constraint example of hammer as follows:
1) if require not start (NOTACTIVATE) hammer, by order below, carry out:
A) power is decreased to and is approximately 0;
B) to fluid hammer, apply with the mobile fluid of the speed of 15gpm, result is to make hammer move to flush position;
C) from now, control rate of flow of fluid and act on the thrust of boring on cutter head, make:
Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs); Or
Maximum, force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm).
2) if require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, by order below, carry out:
A) rate of flow of fluid that flows to hammer is decreased to and is approximately 0;
B) apply minimum force 500lbs;
C) application minimum flow velocity 15gpm;
D) from now, control, make:
Minimum force (lbs)=40 * flow velocity (gpm); Or
Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 * power (lbs).
At program block 280, whether operator or effector select to use hammer to clash into function.If select to clash into function, at program block 282, operator or effector reduce the thrust that directional drilling machine forms, and keep boring in drilling rod group the pressure with fluid simultaneously.The reduction of thrust forces brill cutter head along moving towards the place ahead of boring direction with keeping the synthesis of boring with fluid, makes thus initiatively wash type GIN fluid drive hammer to be transformed into flush position.At flush position, drive hammer 316 not move back and forth, bore with fluid only through a mouthful 222A.
At program block 284, boring procedure carries out now in normal way, and by active wash type GIN fluid, does not drive the shock action of hammer.Be appreciated that in drilling rod group while boring with fluid (slurry flows), applied thrust not, this is because applied thrust, not existed to bore with fluid pressure, can make to bore cutter head 219A and move backward along the direction of directional drilling machine.In addition, brill fluid flow, pressure or flow velocity should be controlled at the certain predetermined limits changing as thrust.Be appreciated that this limit can be controlled automatically by controller.
Whether, at program block 286, convection cell drives hammer to detect, in order that determine, started because of carelessness.If no, proceeded without clashing into boring.Otherwise, continue the process of executing block 282, until drive hammer 316 to quit work.
If operator or controller are selected the shock function of hammer at program block 280, process is transformed into program block 288, makes to bore to be then substantially reduced to and to be approximately 0 with fluid flow.As shown in program block 290, then by directional drilling machine to drilling rod group applied thrust, thereby force, bore cutter head 219A and move backward towards directional drilling machine, make thus initiatively wash type GIN fluid drive hammer to leave its flush position.
At program block 292, operator or controller then increase brill with fluid flow until active wash type GIN fluid drives hammer start knockout process and proceed boring procedure.Operator or controller have then been controlled the brill fluid flow of thrust, if make boring thrust little, reduce to bore with fluid flow to avoid driving hammer to be transformed into its flush position active wash type GIN fluid because of carelessness.
At program block 296, to active wash type GIN fluid, drive hammer to detect, in order that determine, whether started because of carelessness.If no, continue to clash into boring.Otherwise the process of continuation executing block 288, until initiatively wash type GIN fluid drives hammer to start shock work.
Although illustrate some embodiment of the present invention for open the present invention, but those skilled in the art can change the inventive method described here and device, these changes are implemented in the spirit and scope of the invention being limited by accessory claim.
Claims (8)
1, the horizontal orientation boring machine using in compressible soil, has drilling rod group and drill bit, and the near-end of described drilling rod group connects directional drilling machine, and described drill bit connects the far-end of described drilling rod group, comprising:
Bore cutter head, be conventionally suitable for drilling rock and thering is the structure that drills rock;
Detect the device in described brill cutter head angle orientation, export corresponding described orientation and the signal that produces; And
Skew connector, its first end connects described drilling rod group, the second end connects described brill cutter head, described connector departs from the longitudinal axis of described drilling rod group, wherein, the signal that responds described generation to described offset member orientation to control the direction of described brill cutter head.
2, auger as claimed in claim 1, further comprise be placed between described skew connector and described brill cutter head by fluid-operated hammer.
3, auger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said brill cutter head further comprises the effective steering geometry shape that is suitable for controlling described brill cutter head direction.
4, auger as claimed in claim 3, wherein said effective steering geometry shape is the batchmeter post by the outermost point metering cutting teeth that be radially outward offset and which is provided with one or more face forward away from the drilling rod group longitudinal axis, and described one or more metering cutting teeths are suitable for cutting the angle that is less than described brill cutter head one turn over formation.
5, adopt horizontal boring machine and control the drill bit direction of described auger and a method of holing in medium, comprising:
Promotion is positioned at the described drill bit of drilling rod group front end through medium, uses by fluid-operated hammer simultaneously and clashes into the brill cutter head that is positioned at described drill bit far-end, and wherein said brill cutter head comprises effective steering geometry shape and the described drill bit that is suitable for controlling described drill bit direction;
The device that employing is contained in the detection angles orientation on described drill bit regularly detects the angle orientation of described brill cutter head; And
Control in the following manner drill bit direction:
(a) if pierce compressible soil, by promoting described drilling rod group, changing direction in holing, described drill bit is departed from along the direction of skew connector, described connector is by the disalignment of the described drilling rod group longitudinal axis, and can't help described hammer, clashes into described brill cutter head and do not rotate described drilling rod group; Or
(b) if pierce rock, with described hammer, clash into described brill cutter head, described brill cutter head is departed from along described effective steering geometry shape.
6, method as claimed in claim 5, further comprises
If holed in predetermined medium, being undertaken changing direction in boring procedure by promoting described drilling rod group, described drill bit is departed from along the direction of described skew connector, and clash into described brill cutter head and rotary drill rod group not with described hammer.
7, method as claimed in claim 5, further comprises and determines that described drill bit has pierced compressible soil or rock.
8, method as claimed in claim 5, further comprises and determines whether to start described hammer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/518,419 | 2000-03-03 | ||
| US09/518,419 US6454025B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-03-03 | Apparatus for directional boring under mixed conditions |
| CN01806027A CN1416497A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-02 | Method and appts. for directional boring under mixed conditions |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01806027A Division CN1416497A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-02 | Method and appts. for directional boring under mixed conditions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101363307A true CN101363307A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| CN101363307B CN101363307B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
Family
ID=24063848
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01806027A Pending CN1416497A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-02 | Method and appts. for directional boring under mixed conditions |
| CN200810214870.3A Expired - Fee Related CN101363307B (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-02 | The method and apparatus of drilling are oriented under various mixing conditions |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01806027A Pending CN1416497A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-03-02 | Method and appts. for directional boring under mixed conditions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN1416497A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001241969A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10195854T1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE524375C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001066900A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10920725B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-02-16 | Denso Corporation | Fluid passage device and method of manufacturing the same |
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| US7389833B2 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2008-06-24 | Keystone Drill Services, Inc. | Multi-sectional percussive drill bit assembly |
| US20100163308A1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-01 | Precision Energy Services, Inc. | Directional drilling control using periodic perturbation of the drill bit |
| GB0811016D0 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2008-07-23 | Smart Stabilizer Systems Ltd | Steering component and steering assembly |
| DE202008015240U1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2009-05-20 | Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and drill head for introducing a hole in the ground |
| US8939237B2 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2015-01-27 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Underground drilling apparatus |
| DE102011012362A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Igor D. Shaposhnikov | Cone drill rod has rod portion that is shaped in form of truncated cone with change in cross-sectional area along an axis according to law of straight or reverse cone |
| CN105531439A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2016-04-27 | 吉欧奈克斯公司 | Method for steering a direction of a drilling device drilling a hole into the ground |
| CN105003241B (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2017-12-19 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | The generation method in crack is oriented in hard difficult caving roof |
| CN107401375B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2023-04-07 | 福建亿钻机械有限公司 | Directional drilling machine capable of detecting installation condition of drill rod and drilling method |
| CN108286410B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2024-03-08 | 苏州科艺油气工程设备服务有限公司 | Guide drilling tool of horizontal directional pneumatic rock drilling machine |
| CN109458134B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2024-06-04 | 徐梓辰 | Directional drilling device |
| CN110909432A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-24 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆钻井总公司 | Drill bit design method based on artificial intelligence control theory |
| CN114382406A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-04-22 | 山西开源益通矿业设备制造有限公司 | Directional impact rock-hole construction equipment |
| CN114849124B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-01-06 | 浙江中辰城市应急服务管理有限公司 | Multifunctional fire-fighting forcible entry device |
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| BE865954A (en) * | 1978-04-13 | 1978-07-31 | Foraky | IMPROVEMENTS TO DRILLING FACILITIES |
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-
2001
- 2001-03-02 WO PCT/US2001/006894 patent/WO2001066900A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-03-02 CN CN01806027A patent/CN1416497A/en active Pending
- 2001-03-02 AU AU2001241969A patent/AU2001241969A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-02 CN CN200810214870.3A patent/CN101363307B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-02 DE DE10195854T patent/DE10195854T1/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-09-03 SE SE0202592A patent/SE524375C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10920725B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-02-16 | Denso Corporation | Fluid passage device and method of manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10195854T1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| SE0202592D0 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
| CN1416497A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| AU2001241969A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 |
| SE0202592L (en) | 2002-11-04 |
| CN101363307B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| SE524375C2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
| WO2001066900A3 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
| WO2001066900A2 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
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