CN1413119A - 造影剂在制备用于对肠腔造影的诊断试剂中的用途 - Google Patents
造影剂在制备用于对肠腔造影的诊断试剂中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过肝胆管途径排泄的造影剂在制备静脉给药用于对肠腔的形态/结构或病理损害、变化和/或改变造影或用于胆汁输送动力学研究的造影剂中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及特定造影剂在制备适合于在肠腔且特别是结肠的生理条件下进行非侵害性造影的诊断用化合物中的用途。
可以从侵害结肠的疾病的重要性中推断出获得诊断上有用的结肠影像的价值。例如,结肠癌是男性人群中最频繁发生的恶性疾病之一。
迄今为止,在口服或离口给予适当配制成混悬液的硫酸钡后进行的X线放射照相术已经成为最普遍地用于胃肠成像、尤其是结肠成像的诊断技术。然而,这项技术的主要缺点在于因造影剂在肠中的分布不均匀而导致其诊断可靠性的水平通常较低。这种情况可能因例如粪便、憩室等的存在这样的各种原因而发生。此外,摄入该产品通常会导致患者有很强烈的不适感。
结肠磁共振成象(MRI)术是近来引入的对结肠疾病进行一定程度的评价的技术,其中优选通过对相关区域的横切面进行三维成像而获得诊断用影像。然而,这项诊断技术需要口服或经直肠给予外源性造影剂且通常要求同时经静脉给予合适的MRI造影剂以便对血管系统造影。
口服或离口给予造影剂通常需要患者事先做好足够的准备。这种准备包括尽可能排空进行诊断检查的肠道并通过进一步给予合适的弛缓物质使其扩张。按照这种方式不可能在生理条件下获得肠或结肠的影像。还是这种情况中,患者会具有明显的不适感。
近来另一种引入的技术是计算机化的体层摄影(CT)结肠照相术;然而,这项技术也需要口服或经直肠给予合适的造影剂且患者需要进行足够的准备。
所述技术中的每一种基本上均或多或少是侵害性的且上述技术均会使患者产生不适感。此外,这些技术中没有一种可以在生理条件下进行检查,这意味着它们不可能用于评价胃肠道、尤其是结肠的功能性或其变化情况。最终由于造影剂在所检查的肠道中可能分布不均匀,所以可能获得假阳性结果。
Schering的EP405704B1、EP485045B1和相应的美国专利均包括新的直链或环状聚氨基聚羧酸衍生物,它们可用于进行肾脏和肝胆管系统的造影。在静脉给药后,认为这类试剂可以进一步在胃、肝、十二指肠和胰腺中进行区分。尽管如此,但是US5,871,709和BP485045B1中公开和要求保护的环状造影剂化合物据说特别适合于肠内和肠道外给药,且特别可以对肝脏中的成像进行改善。
US6,039,931包括实例,其中经静脉对大鼠给予直链配位化合物,从而使对比度在胃、泌尿系膀胱和肠袢中增加且在肝脏中增加明显。
US4,999,445、WO93/15093和US5,382,421涉及新的去铁胺B衍生物及其作为MRI造影剂的使用方法。当经静脉给药时,认为这些衍生物可提供与肝胆管系统和消化道、尤其是小肠相关的诊断信息。
该专利中所要求的去铁胺衍生物集中在胆汁中,且通常在注射后约2分钟内在小肠中出现。
上述引用的专利特别教导了所要求的去铁胺衍生物是当在静脉给药后需要快速对小肠进行MRI成像时唯一被成功使用的配位化合物。实际上,认为常用的肝胆管用试剂(诸如Fe-EHPG和Fe-HBED)并不会在注射后约20分钟前在胆汁中显现,且另外当经静脉给药时,认为几乎不会在小肠腔中产生所需的增加。
目前已经令人意外地发现当经静脉给药时,在肝胆管排泄物中含有最低含量的MRI造影剂使在肠且特别是结肠中记录的MRI信号在强度上产生显著增加。
这种令人意外的结果不需同时给予任何其它造影剂而获得且上述所有情况均不需要患者做任何准备。这意味着可以在基础生理条件、特别是按照非侵害性方式获得肠腔且特别是结肠中的对比度良好的影像。
考虑到例如甚至在以通常用于肝胆管成像的低剂量给药时这些试剂时也会使管腔内对比度产生强而持久的提高这一事实,所以上述结果甚至更令人意外。
本发明由此涉及通过肝胆管途径排泄的造影剂在制备用于对肠道造影的诊断用组合物中的用途,其中所述造影剂的用量实际上是不完全用量或受限的百分比,但在任何情况下等于或大于0.5%的注射剂量。在一个优选的实施方案中,获得的造影结果是肠腔的造影结果且甚至更优选是结肠的造影结果。
优选用于本发明的化合物例如包括适合于(特别适合于)使肝胆管系统成像的顺磁性螯合物。在它们中特别优选的是通常称作Gd-BOPTA和Gd-EOB-DTPA的化合物及其生理上相容的盐,例如,就前者而言是葡甲胺盐(MultiHanceTM),而就后者而言是钠盐(EovistTM)。
特别地,葡甲胺盐形式的Gd-BOPTA是已经上市的用于肝脏成像MRI造影剂,它通过肾脏和胆汁途径排泄,不过,后者在人体中仅占极低的比例、即2-4%左右。这种造影剂溶于水且通常经静脉对患者给药。另外已经报导了涉及它在通过磁共振成象进行的血管造影检查中的应用的前期结果。最终描述了包括用于胃肠道磁共振成象的相同试剂的诊断用药物组合物(专利申请WO93/10821和WO98/28258),其中通常通过口服或离口途径、优选在患者准备好后给予所述制剂。
如下面的实验部分中所述,目前已经十分令人意外地发现:尽管Gd-BOPTA在胆汁中的排泄有限,但是在静脉给药后,它可使管腔内、且特别是结肠中记录的对比度显著提高,从而以极其均匀、清晰而完整的方式描绘出其形态。
所给予的该制剂的浓度与通常用于肝脏成像的浓度相同;然而,可以根据所检查的胃肠道的部位调整该浓度。一般来说,这类制剂含有的造影剂的浓度在0.001-1.0mmol/mL、优选0.01-0.5mmol/mL、更优选0.01-0.25mmol/mL的范围。
这种至少部分占胆汁排泄的造影剂的新用途提供了巨大的优点。
首先是具有在生理条件下显示胃肠腔而不会使患者产生不适感和有时是痛苦的准备的可能性。
使用本发明新用途的造影剂获得的管腔对比度的强度和清晰度以及这类对比度的极大均匀性也能够展示真实的肠内部形态情况,由此甚至在有各种类型的病理表现存在的情况下也能清晰地描绘出结构性质的任何损害、改变和/或变化。
本文通过实例列举但并非起限定作用的这类病症可以是炎症疾病、过敏性结肠综合征、腹膜炎、便秘、息肉病、憩室炎、穿孔、癌形成、结肠直肠癌、因诸如长期抗生素治疗这样的药物治疗导致的炎症或因化疗导致的炎症等。
最终在手术后监测胃肠道的形态是可能的。
当在生理条件下实施诊断步骤时,本发明造影剂应用的甚至更为重要的方面在于对肠道功能特征进行作图的可能性,由此使得放射学家确定任何其病理性质的功能改变和/或异常或例如因药物治疗、化疗或手术诱发的功能改变。
能够在生理条件下进行成像的进一步结果在于能够将本发明的造影剂有利地用于检查胆汁排泄病症和研究胆汁输送动力学。
例如,使用目前用于肝胆管成像的诊断剂量平均获得高管腔信号强度这一事实意味着可以将本发明的造影剂在单一给予所述造影剂后用于对肝脏、胆管、胆囊和肠腔依次和共同造影。用于使胆囊和肠腔共同造影的本发明造影剂的应用是特别有利的且其对胆囊和结肠共同造影的应用甚至更为有利。
这种至少部分在胆汁中排泄的造影剂的新用途使诸如均匀性和强度这样的管腔内信号得到增加,从而使得在生理条件下对腔进行有效的三维造影成为可能;所述的新用途和如上所述的所有其它内容一起构成了本发明的不同方面。
对于本发明造影剂在第一种情况中的这种新用途而言,MRI诊断技术是特别优选的。然而,如果与静脉给予的至少经肝胆管有限排泄的合适造影剂联合给药,那么可以便利地使用诸如闪烁法和X射线照相术这样的其它诊断技术。
在所有能够获得影像的操作中,优选应用三维血管造影程序,但决非强制性的且并不将其指定为限定方式。
反应时间随患者与患者的不同而改变,这取决于肠的转运比例且还取决于饮食的类型:一般在给药后24小时内观察到结肠中管腔内对比度强烈增加。信号强度平均在注射造影剂后10-70小时且优选15-50小时之间达到峰值。然而,在某些患者中,只要在给药后100小时就观察到了强信号,而在给药后达8天仍可以观察到部分信号强度。
实验例
在静脉注射MultiHanceTM(Gd-BOPTA葡甲胺盐)后的健康志愿者中使用三维血管造影技术获得结肠腔部位MRI影像的方法的描述。
使用三维血管造影成像技术,因为它可有利地对解剖的大区域造影,尤其是当与给予特别有效地减少标准MRI检查中T1松弛时间的造影剂结合使用时更是如此。
在所进行的本试验中,使用这种类型的诊断技术在肝胆管系统和胃肠系统中获得了增加的对比度,这项技术可产生达以单屏气测定为40×32×12cm三维体积的42个影像。
本试验在年龄在22-29岁的6位健康志愿者中进行。所用的造影剂是Gd-BOPTA葡甲胺盐(MultiHanceTM)、按0.1mmol/kg体重的剂量经静脉给药。在给予所述造影剂后1、12、24、36、48、70和105小时使用下列3D血管-程序对腹部影像进行依次记录:3D FLASH;TR4.6ms;TE1.8ms;α50℃;直肠FOV390mm(6/8);Ma:215×512;acq 28s;板厚度120mm;42个切片。在给予该造影剂后14天对3位志愿者重新进行测试。
除与涉及上述的3D血管-程序外,还记录了肝脏和腹部的T1-加权轴影像。
使用安装了相控阵人体用线圈的在1.5特斯拉下操作的MRI扫描仪(Magneton Vision Plus,Siemens Medical Systems,Erlangen,Germany)进行造影步骤。
使用专用3D MR工作站(Virtuoso,Siemens Medical System)上的标准MIP软件来处理图像。
所研究的志愿者不需要进行准备、对他们不给予药物治疗或不共同给予其它药物或其它造影剂。
在给予MultiHanceTM后最长24小时内在全部志愿者中记录到管腔内对比度的强烈增加。粪便中呈现了腔中均匀的对比度,从而表明与造影剂混合的最优值。这种信号的均匀增加如此强烈以至于能够进行有效的三维内窥镜检查。经证实用于获得所需影像的注射后最佳时间间隔为15-50小时。在某些患者中,在给药后达100小时在结肠中检测到了管腔内的强烈信号,而在8天后仍然可以检测到部分信号的增加。
在实施结肠照相术前,能够通过记录给予造影剂后前几小时中肝实质和胆囊中的信号强度来检查肝脏功能。附图1中的曲线图以图解方式说明了在这些器官中记录的增加的信号强度,该附图表示信号强度与作为对6位健康志愿者进行的试验中获得的结果的平均值的结肠、肝实质和胆囊中的时间相关性。在肝实质中观察到了最快的信号强度下降,该信号强度在给药10小时内减半。在胆囊中记录的信号强度更为强烈和持久,其半衰期为15小时。在给药后15-40小时的结肠中观察到了最高信号强度。看起来这是记录三维MRI结肠照相术的理想期限。
附图2表示在注射0.1mmol/kg BW钆贝酸二葡甲胺(gadobenatedimeglumine)后24小时记录的3D MR结肠照片。不需要进行肠的准备且在成像前不给予药物治疗。我们可以注意到在胆囊中的信号仍然强烈增加。可以在视野中观察到所有结肠片段中均出现均匀信号。它使得结肠袋的轮廓极为清晰。在28秒内获得了影像并将其展示为最高强度的投影。由于将数据作为3D组合获得,所以超过实际时间且可以在任意方向上造影是可能的。
附图3表示双盲读出器对相应于时间和解剖部位的诊断造影的平均定性评价得分。
Claims (16)
1.通过肝胆管途径排泄的用量百分比等于或大于0.5%的给药剂量的造影剂在制备用于对肠腔造影的诊断用造影剂组合物中的用途。
2.权利要求1的造影剂的用途,用于对结肠造影。
3.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,其中经静脉给予所述的诊断用造影剂组合物。
4.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,其中在生理条件下获得所述的造影结果。
5.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,用于对肠腔实施有效的三维内窥镜造影。
6.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,用于对肠腔形态造影。
7.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,用于对肠腔的形态/结构或病理损害、变化和/或改变造影。
8.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,用于对功能异常造影。
9.权利要求7和8的造影剂的用途,其中所述的功能性损害、变化、改变和/或异常由炎症状态、腹膜炎、过敏性结肠综合征、便秘、息肉病、憩室炎、癌病、穿孔和/或药物治疗所导致。
10.权利要求1的造影剂的用途,用于在手术后对肠腔造影。
11.权利要求1和2的造影剂的用途,通过单独给予所述造影剂而用于对肝脏、胆管、胆囊和肠腔进行共同和依次造影。
12.上述权利要求中任意一项的造影剂的用途,其中通过磁共振成象技术获得所述的造影结果。
13.权利要求12的造影剂的用途,其中通过三维血管照相程序获得所述的造影结果。
14.上述权利要求中任意一项的造影剂的用途,其中在给予所述造影剂前患者不需要进行任何类型的准备或预处理。
15.权利要求12和13的造影剂的用途,其中所述的造影剂是Gd-BOPTA、Gd-EOB-DTPA和/或其生理上相容的盐。
16.权利要求1的造影剂在制备适用于研究胆汁输送动力学的诊断用组合物中的用途。
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IT1999MI002735 IT1315273B1 (it) | 1999-12-29 | 1999-12-29 | Imaging del colon mediante contrastografia. |
ITMI2000A000193 | 2000-02-08 | ||
IT2000MI000193A IT1317816B1 (it) | 2000-02-08 | 2000-02-08 | Imaging del colon mediante contrastografia. |
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US7260174B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2007-08-21 | General Electric Company | Direct conversion energy discriminating CT detector with over-ranging correction |
US7606347B2 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2009-10-20 | General Electric Company | Photon counting x-ray detector with overrange logic control |
US7599465B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2009-10-06 | General Electric Company | Detection of thrombi in CT using energy discrimination |
US7209536B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-04-24 | General Electric Company | CT colonography system |
US7382853B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-06-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system of CT data correction |
US7583779B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2009-09-01 | General Electric Company | System and method for acquisition and reconstruction of contrast-enhanced, artifact-reduced CT images |
US7613274B2 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-11-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system of energy integrating and photon counting using layered photon counting detector |
ES2955349T3 (es) | 2019-09-18 | 2023-11-30 | Bayer Ag | Predicción de imágenes MRI mediante un modelo de predicción entrenado por aprendizaje supervisado |
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US4999445A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1991-03-12 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of the small intestine and hepatobiliary system |
US5695739A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1997-12-09 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Derivatized DTPA complexes, pharmaceutical agents containing these compounds, their use, and processes for their production |
US6039931A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 2000-03-21 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Derivatized DTPA complexes, pharmaceutical agents containing these compounds, their use, and processes for their production |
DE4035760A1 (de) * | 1990-11-08 | 1992-05-14 | Schering Ag | Mono-n-substituierte 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-derivate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische mittel |
US5245282A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-09-14 | University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation | Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging |
CA2115275A1 (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1993-02-18 | David L. White | Amino acid, ester and/or catechol contrast agents for mri |
IT1252145B (it) * | 1991-11-29 | 1995-06-05 | Bracco Ind Chimica Spa | Metodo e formulazioni adatte a migliorare lo studio degli organi cavi nell'uomo |
WO1993015093A1 (en) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of the small intestine and hepatobiliary system |
US5401493A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1995-03-28 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Perfluoro-1H,-1H-neopentyl containing contrast agents and method to use same |
IT1269839B (it) * | 1994-05-26 | 1997-04-15 | Bracco Spa | Coniugati di acidi biliari, loro derivati con complessi metallici e relativi usi |
WO1998028258A1 (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-02 | Bracco Research S.A. | Compositions for increasing the mri contrast in visualising the digestive tract of patients |
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PT1251875E (pt) | 2006-07-31 |
CN1302814C (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
WO2001049326A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
EP1251875B1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
US20030113267A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
DE60026743D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
JP4798919B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
JP2003519200A (ja) | 2003-06-17 |
CY1105456T1 (el) | 2010-04-28 |
ATE320272T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
DK1251875T3 (da) | 2006-07-24 |
DE60026743T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
ES2259299T3 (es) | 2006-10-01 |
EP1251875A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
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