CN1410434A - 具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物及合成方法 - Google Patents
具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物及合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物及合成方法。其合成方法为:粉背南蛇藤根部干燥粉碎后,丙酮提取浸膏,经硅胶柱层析分离制备后得到化合物扁蒴藤素,再经衍生化后得到扁蒴藤素系列衍生化合物。该系列化合物在体外对Fe2+-VitC诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾组织匀浆丙二醛的生成均具有明显的抑制作用,这表明它们可以有效的清除羟基自由基(·OH),有抗脂质过氧化作用,可能是潜在的抗氧化药物,有可能减少由于羟基自由基氧化引起的DNA损伤。另一方面,该系列衍生物对P-388小鼠白血病,A-549人肺癌,HL-60人白血病,BEL-7402人肝癌细胞具有明显抑制作用,且抗肿瘤作用属于强效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物及合成方法。
背景技术
从天然药物中得到的活性化合物只是一类创新药物研究的前期阶段。即使一些天然活性化合物本身可以开发成为新药,但从成功分离、确定结构到真正开发成功也还要走很长一段道路。更何况不少天然活性化合物因为存在某些缺陷,如药效不理想、或存在一定的毒副作用、或因含量太低,难以从天然原料中取材、或因结构过于复杂,合成也十分困难,故往往本身并无直接开发利用前途。我们只能以它们为先导化合物,在经过一系列的化学修饰或结构改造后,对得到的衍生物进行定量构效关系的比较研究,才有可能发现比较理想的活性化合物,并开发成为新药上市。
我们从卫矛科植物粉背南蛇藤(Celastrus hypoleucus(Oliv.)Warb.)中分离得到天然化合物2-羰基-3-羟基-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯,俗名为:扁蒴藤素,属于醌甲基三萜类化合物,该化合物具有一定的生物活性,因而我们考虑对其进行结构修饰,将所得修饰后产物与其进行生物活性对照,以期得到活性更好的产物。
另一方面,我们考虑到自由基在生物体系中的作用,人类已经进行了半个多世纪的研究,从1970年到现在,收入Medline的文献就达8万篇以上,其研究内容几乎涉及到生命科学的各个领域,所以我们选取了实验室合成的四种稳定氮氧自由基的酸与化合物扁蒴藤素的醌羟基进行酯化。
早在1820年就有体外抗氧化反应的研究发现,在水表面上的一层胡桃油八个月内消耗了三倍其体积的空气,接着在十天之内快速消耗了60倍其体积的空气,之后的三个月空气消耗又减缓了,最终共消耗145倍其体积的空气。与此同时,胡桃油变得粘稠和产生了怪味。几年之后,著名的化学家Berzelins解释这一现象时提出,胡桃油吸收氧气将揭示一类重要的化学反应,这就是我们今天知道的脂质过氧化反应。一般定义不饱和脂肪酸的氧化变质为脂质过氧化。脂肪、油类和奶油的储存,涂料、油漆、塑料和橡胶的制造和使用都存在脂质过氧化问题。之后,人们研究了脂质过氧化的基础反应,但在生物体系中的脂质过氧化则研究的较晚,细胞膜和细胞器膜含有大量不饱和脂肪酸侧链,很容易引起脂质过氧化,很多疾病和衰老现象都与脂质过氧化有关,因此,研究脂脂过氧化的机理也自然成为热门领域。脂质过氧化过程是一个产生自由基和自由基参与的链式反应,可分为链启动,链扩展和链终止,每一步都有氧自由基中间产物的产生和参与。
世界上万事万物都是相辅相成的,生物体内也是如此,有生有死,有抗原有抗体。有过氧化损伤,有抗氧化保护,因此生物体在氧化环境中才能得以自我保护,不至灭亡。但对每个生物个体而言,并不是都能保持氧化和抗氧化的平衡,因而才产生了各种脂质过氧化引起的损伤和疾病。当体内本身不能保持二者平衡时,外加一些抗氧化剂就是非常必要的,以协助体内维持二者的平衡,使生物体处于健康状态。一个较严格和普遍被接受的定义是:任何物质当以低于氧化底物浓度存在时,可以明显推迟或抑制底物的氧化,该物质就被称为抗氧化剂。按作用性质可以分为两大类,第一类为预防性抗氧化剂,这一类抗氧化剂可以清除脂质过氧化链启动阶段的自由基引发剂,如SOD,过氧化氢酶,谷光甘肽过氧化物酶等;第二类为脂质过氧化链式反应的阻断剂,这类抗氧化剂可以捕捉脂质过氧化链式反应中产生的自由基,减少脂质过氧化反应链长度,因此可以阻断或减缓脂质过氧化的进行,如维生素C,维生素E等就属于这一类抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂可以作用于脂质过氧化的以下几个水平:减少局部氧气浓度;清除启动脂质过氧化的引发剂;结合金属离子,使其不能产生启动脂质过氧化的羟基自由基或使其不能分解脂质过氧化产生的脂过氧化氢;将脂质过氧化分解为非自由基产物;阻断脂质过氧化的反应链,即清除脂质过氧化中间自由基。
发明内容
合成方法的步骤如下:
1)粉背南蛇藤根部干燥粉碎后,用丙酮室温冷浸,回收溶剂后得到浸膏,用200-300目柱层析硅胶进行柱层析分离,以石油醚/丙酮梯度洗脱至丙酮冲柱,回收溶剂后以石油醚/丙酮作薄层条件以紫外灯检测,GF254板以5%H2SO4/EtOH显色后,根据Rf值分组。当石油醚/丙酮体积比为3∶1-6∶1时,Rf=0.3-0.5的组份合并,用石油醚进行纯化,得到化合物2-羰基-3-羟基-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯即扁蒴藤素。
2)按照原料摩尔比1∶0.6-1∶2分别以N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺为脱水剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,电磁搅拌4h-10h,旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=3∶1-6∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到稳定氮氧自由基与扁蒴藤素的衍生化合物。
我们进行的体外对Fe2+-VitC诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾丙二醛(MDA)生成影响的研究结果见表1。由表可以看到化合物1-4均表现了体外对Fe2+-VitC诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾组织匀浆MDA生成具有明显的抑制作用,这表明它们可以有效的清除羟基自由基(-OH),有抗脂质过氧化作用,可能是潜在的抗氧化药物,有可能减少由于羟基自由基氧化引起的DNA损伤。另一方面,由扁蒴藤素衍生化得到的四个自由基衍生物1-4的抑制MDA作用均很好,尤以化合物3表现突出,其大鼠心、肾组织匀浆MDA生成抑制作用中的IC50值明显低于母体化合物扁蒴藤素。
表1体外对Fe2+-VitC诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾
MDA生成影响的研究(IC50μg/ml)
化合物 心 肝 肾
扁蒴藤素 2.75 1.15 2.56
1 2.03 1.07 1.44
2 1.70 2.43 0.88
3 0.54 1.75 0.97
4 3.94 2.00 2.03
HTMPO 10.20 7.10 2.03
体外抗肿瘤活性的筛选研究结果见表2。由表可知扁蒴藤素的四个衍生化合物1-4的抗肿瘤作用属于强效,普遍好于化合物扁蒴藤素。
表2体外抗肿瘤活性的筛选研究(IR%)
P-388 A-549 HL-60 BEL -7402No. 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-4 10-5 10-6扁蒴 90.8 84.9 63.5 62.6 56.5 48.2 100 94.5 0 97.4 97.2 0藤素1 95.6 94.3 90.4 60.0 57.8 59.0 100 100 99.4 98.0 97.8 97.92 96.0 92.3 88.2 71.4 69.9 55.9 100 100 14.6 97.3 95.8 55.03 95.3 95.2 88.9 58.4 53.9 27.4 99.9 100 61.3 96.6 97.8 41.34 85.5 79.4 56.7 68.9 52.3 35.7 100 100 14.6 96.9 95.7 0VP-16 99.2 70.6 25.5 97.5 50.7 45.0 96.5 68.1 35.0 96.0 38.4 5.5
实施例1
扁蒴藤素的制备
粉背南蛇藤根部(1.2kg)干燥粉碎后,用10L丙酮冷浸一周共三次,回收溶剂后得到浸膏100g,用200-300目柱层析硅胶(900g)进行柱层析分离,以石油醚/丙酮(20∶1)梯度洗脱至丙酮冲柱(3500ml),以每份500ml接收,回收溶剂后以石油醚/丙酮(5∶1)作薄层条件以紫外灯检测,GF254板以5%H2SO4/EtOH显色后,根据Rf值分组。当石油醚/丙酮体积比为5∶1时,Rf=0.45的组份合并,用石油醚进行纯化,得到化合物扁蒴藤素1.0g。
实施例2
化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啉氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(1)的合成
化合物扁蒴藤素46.4mg和3-羧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啉氮氧自由基18.4mg在20.6mg的DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺)脱水剂存在情况下,以10.0ml的CH2Cl2(二氯甲烷)为溶剂,电磁搅拌6h,之后旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=5∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啉氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(1)45.0mg,产率为71.43%。
实施例3
化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢吡咯氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(2)的合成
化合物扁蒴藤素23.2mg和3-羧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢吡咯氮氧自由基9.3mg在10.3mg的DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺)脱水剂存在情况下,以6.0ml的CH2Cl2(二氯甲烷)为溶剂,电磁搅拌6h,之后旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=5∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢吡咯氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(2)23.0mg,产率为72.78%。
实施例4
化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(3)的合成
化合物扁蒴藤素23.2mg和4-羧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶氮氧自由基9.9mg在10.3mg的DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺)脱水剂存在情况下,以6.0ml的CH2Cl2(二氯甲烷)为溶剂,电磁搅拌6h,之后旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=5∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(3)24.0mg,产率为74.53%。
实施例5
化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(4)的合成
化合物扁蒴藤素23.2mg和4-羧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基10.0mg在10.3mg的DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺)脱水剂存在情况下,以6.0ml的CH2Cl2(二氯甲烷)为溶剂,电磁搅拌6h,之后旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=5∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到化合物2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(4)24.4mg,产率为75.54%。
实施例6
我们对化合物1-4进行了体外对Fe2+-VitC诱导的大鼠心、肝、肾丙二醛(MDA)生成影响的实验。
试剂:硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)为上海试剂二厂产品,其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
动物:Wistar大鼠,雌雄兼用,由兰州医学院动物中心提供。
方法:Wistar大鼠脱颈处死,迅速剖取心脏、肝脏和肾脏,用生理盐水制成5%的组织匀浆,实验分空白组(加相应溶媒),对照组(加FeSO4和抗坏血酸即Fe2+-VitC各50μmol·L-1)和给药组(加Fe2+-VitC和各浓度药液),每组平行4管,每管1ml组织匀浆,以上各步均在冰浴中进行。现在相应管中加入各浓度药液或溶媒,37℃水浴温育10min,再给相应管中加入Fe2+-VitC,继续温育30min,按TBA法测MDA。4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基(HTMPO)为正对照标准(见表1)。
原理:细胞膜脂质受到氧自由基攻击时,脂质发生过氧化,生成脂质过氧化物,后者进一步降解为稳定产物丙二醛(MDA)。MDA可与细胞膜内脂质蛋白等发生交联,使细胞膜功能障碍。由于MDA性质稳定、易测,常作为研究抗炎、抗衰老、抗缺血-再灌注损伤和抗辐射药物作用的一个指标。本测定系统采用Fe2+-VitC作为羟基自由基(·OH)生成系统,用大鼠心、肝和肾细胞匀浆作为脂质供体,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)显色法检测生成的MDA。TBA在碱性条件下显红色,在酸性条件下无色,与MDA反应生成稳定产物,在90-100℃煮沸后酸性条件下显红色,可在532nm波长处检测到吸收峰。
实施例7
我们对化合物1-4进行了体外抗肿瘤活性的实验。
细胞株:P-388小鼠白血病,A-549人肺癌,HL-60人白血病,BEL-7402人肝癌。
筛选方法:P-388和HL-60瘤株采用四氮唑盐还原法(MTT);A-549和BEL-7402瘤株采用磺酰罗丹明B蛋白染色法(SRB)。作用时间:72小时。VP-16(Etoposide)作为正的对照标准(见表2)。化合物测试
仪器:Kofler微量熔点仪(温度计未校正);Nicolet 5DX-FT-IR红外光谱仪(KBr压片),Shimadzu UV-260紫外分光光度计;日产JASCO J-20C自动记录旋光仪;HRMS谱采用APEXTMII Bruker 4.7TAS型质谱仪测定;ESR谱采用美国Varian E-115型ESR谱仪,工作于X-波段(~9.5GHz)和100KHz场调制,在室温下纪录一次微商ESR谱,以DPPH(g=2.0036)和Mn2+/ZnS(第3-4两条谱线间距为6.78mT)为标准确定本实验的ESR参量(g值、ΔHp-p和aN值);试剂:溶剂均为分析纯试剂,未进行处理。扁蒴藤素:C30H40O4,黄色针状晶体,mp:216±2℃;EIMS:m/z 464[M]+:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.53(3H,s),1.09(3H,s),1.17(3H,s),1.26(3H,s),1.44(3H,s),2.20(3H,s),3.55(3H,s),6.34(1H,d,J=7.10),6.52(s),7.00(1H,d,J=7.10);13CNMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δ119.5(C-1),178.4(C-2),117.1(C-3),127.2(C-4),146.0(C-5),133.8(C-6),118.0(C-7),164.0(C-8),38.4(C-9),169.8(C-10),28.6(C-11),29.6(C-12),39.3(C-13),40.3(C-14),29.8(C-15),30.4(C-16),44.9(C-17),44.2(C-18),33.5(C-19),30.5(C-20),34.8(C-21),36.3(C-22),10.2(C-23),38.2(C-25),18.3(C-26),21.5(C-27),31.5(C-28),178.1(C-29),30.8(C-30)。
化合物1:红色针状晶体,rnp:108±2℃;[α]D 18:-21°(CH3OH,c1.5);IRvmax KBr 3393,2929,1613,1394,1156,1061,901,771cm-1;UVλmax MeOH 208(1.30),257(0.18)nm;HRMS:[M+H]+,631.3870,C39H52O6N,理论位:[M+H]+631.3867;ESR(C2H5OH,C=10-5M):g=2.0058,aN=1.53mT,ΔHp-p=0.25mT(1mT=10G)(见说明书附图2)。
化合物2:红色针状晶体,mp:110±2℃;[α]D 18:-17°(CH3OH,c0.5);IRνmax KBr:3397,2927,1606,1403,1055,908,559cm-1;UVλmax MeOH 209(1.75),257(0.40)nm;HRMS:[M+H]+,633.4026,C39H54O6N,理论值:[M+H]+633.4024;ESR(C2H5OH,C=10-5M):g=2.0058,aN=1.53mT,ΔHp-p=0.25mT(1mT=10G)。
化合物3:红色针状晶体,mp:102±2℃;[α]D 18:-13°(CH3OH,c0.3);IRνmax KBr 3386,2924,1614,1394,1057,899,520cm-1;UVλmax MeOH 205(0.49),261(0.13)nm;HRMS:[M+H]+,645.4026,C40H54O6N,理论值:[M+H]+645.4024;ESR(C2H5OH,C=10-5M):g=2.0058,aN=1.53mT,ΔHp-p=0.25mT(1mT=10G)。
化合物4:红色针状晶体,mp:104±2℃;[α]D 18:-19°(CH3OH,c1.1);IRνmax KBr 3393,2930,1645,1614,1150,1061,901,758,566cm-1;UVλmax MeOH206(1.11),258(0.32)nm;HRMS:[M+H]+,647.4184,C40H 56O6N,理论值:[M+H]+647.4180;ESR(C2H5OH,C=10-5M):g=2.0058,aN=1.53mT,ΔHp-p=0.25mT(1mT=10G)。
Claims (4)
2.一种具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于它的步骤如下:
1)粉背南蛇藤根部干燥粉碎后,用丙酮室温冷浸,回收溶剂后得到浸膏,用200-300目柱层析硅胶进行柱层析分离,以石油醚/丙酮梯度洗脱至丙酮冲柱,回收溶剂后以石油醚/丙酮作薄层条件以紫外灯检测,GF254板以5%H2SO4/EtOH显色后,根据Rf值分组。当石油醚/丙酮体积比为3∶1-6∶1时,将Rf=0.3-0.5的组份合并,用石油醚进行纯化,得到化合物2-羰基-3-羟基-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯即扁蒴藤素。
2)按照原料摩尔比1∶0.6-1∶2分别以N,N’-二环己基碳亚胺为脱水剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,电磁搅拌6h,旋转蒸发仪上减压浓缩溶剂,再以石油醚∶丙酮=3∶1-1-6∶1为展开剂,经硅胶GF254薄层制备,得到稳定氮氧自由基与扁蒴藤素的衍生化合物。
3根据权利要求2所述的一种具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于所说的稳定氮氧自由基为:3-羧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啉氮氧自由基;3-羧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢吡咯氮氧自由基;4-羧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶氮氧自由基;4-羧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基
4根据权利要求2所述的一种具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性扁蒴藤素系列衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于所说的稳定氮氧自由基与扁蒴藤素的衍生化合物为:2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啉氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(1);2-羰基-3-(2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢吡咯氮氧自由基-3-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(2);2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(3);2-羰基-3-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基-4-酰氧基)-24-降碳-D:A-无羁烷-1(10),3,5,7-四烯-29-甲酸甲酯(4)。
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CN101519420B (zh) * | 2008-02-26 | 2011-12-07 | 上海医药工业研究院 | 高速逆流色谱法制备高纯度扁蒴藤素的方法 |
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WO2007077203A3 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-08-30 | Consejo Superior Investigacion | Triterpenequinone and triterpenephenol derivatives and their application for the treatment of tumors and parasitic diseases |
CN101519420B (zh) * | 2008-02-26 | 2011-12-07 | 上海医药工业研究院 | 高速逆流色谱法制备高纯度扁蒴藤素的方法 |
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