CN1406483A - Insect killing method and its application - Google Patents

Insect killing method and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1406483A
CN1406483A CN02132133A CN02132133A CN1406483A CN 1406483 A CN1406483 A CN 1406483A CN 02132133 A CN02132133 A CN 02132133A CN 02132133 A CN02132133 A CN 02132133A CN 1406483 A CN1406483 A CN 1406483A
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aerosol
dimethyl ether
boiling point
aerosol preparations
solvent
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CN02132133A
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CN1248583C (en
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岩崎智则
松永忠功
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A01N25/06Aerosols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/20Targets to be treated

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an insect killing method and its application. The said method is provided by attaching 1R-trans-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate on the surface of a structural material or furniture in the room.

Description

Disinsection method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to disinsection method and application.
Background technology
United States Patent (USP) 4889872 has been described as the 1R-of Pesticidal compound anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt.
As everyone knows, in indoor environment, can obtain lasting desinsection control with the following method: insecticidal active compound directly is applied to harmful winged insect or electrical appliance is dispersed in insecticidal active compound in the indoor environment to harmful winged insect.Need progressively use insecticidal active compound when insecticidal active compound directly being applied to harmful winged insect, wherein harmful winged insect just repeatedly is applied to insecticidal active compound when entering in the indoor environment at every turn and is harmful to winged insect.When disperseing active insecticidal components, need the electrical equipment continued operation usually.Insecticidal technology before this needs actively and loaded down with trivial detailsly to carry out desinsection, and the occupant is also in this indoor environment simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method for Pest Control in indoor environment and use 1R-anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt is controlled the harmful winged insect in the indoor environment.This method comprises 1R-anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2, and 2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt is applied to the surface of building structure or household goods.
Anti--2,3,5 to the surface applied 1R-of building structure or household goods in the method for the invention, 6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt.Use the surface of normally Pesticidal compound being immersed building structure or household goods.After the dipping, the Pesticidal compound of being used can at room temperature evaporate automatically, makes the Pesticidal compound of evaporation can control harmful winged insect.
Building structure can be the fixed structure that constitutes the building indoor section usually.The example of building structure comprises ceiling, interior wall, beam column, ranma (the through hole window on the slip partition door between two rooms), window, cabinet, floor, door etc.The example of building comprises house, office, apartment etc.Pesticidal compound is being applied to building structure when surface, this Pesticidal compound can be used in the building structure paint, the wallpaper on the interior wall, the gypsum on the ceiling, be fixed on carpet on the floor, floor tile etc.
Household goods can be furniture items movably, and it is indoor for a long time as at least one month that it is placed on building usually.This household goods can be moved into the room of taking out of building usually.Household goods can be made by cloth, timber, plastics, metal etc.The example of household goods comprises curtain, furniture (cupboard, magazine, halogen light, desk, chair), suspension member (picture of painting and calligraphy vertical shaft or extension), quilted door curtain (shop sign curtain), shutter, piano, vase, rug etc.When Pesticidal compound being applied to the household goods surface, it can be used on the paint on the family expenses object, the decoration on the wooden furniture etc.
Pesticidal compound is being used in building structure or household goods when surface, this Pesticidal compound can adopt multiple formulation, as aerosol preparations, oily preparation, water fluid preparation, atomization preparation, heater with preparation, air-blast device with preparation etc.When using aerosol preparations, this aerosol preparations can directly or indirectly be sprayed on building structure or the household goods surface.When using oily preparation or water fluid preparation, this oily preparation or water fluid preparation can be sprayed directly on on building structure or the household goods surface, also can be coated with brush or comb.When the aerosol preparations of using atomization preparation or discharging fully, this atomization preparation or the aerosol preparations that discharges fully can be applied to building structure or household goods surface indirectly.In this case, the aerosol of atomization preparation or release fully make that Pesticidal compound disperses to enter in the space in room, and Pesticidal compound drops on building structure or the household goods surface in the indoor activation of sealing.Generally after the aerosol preparations activation of atomization preparation or release fully, 2-3 hour time is enough to make Pesticidal compound to drop on building structure or the household goods surface.The general aerosol preparations that uses atomization preparation or discharge fully during not in the room the occupant.
When using Pesticidal compound, the use of Pesticidal compound makes this Pesticidal compound of insecticidal effective dose be applied on building structure or the household goods surface usually.For 1m 3The application space, this use of Pesticidal compound is used for building structure or household goods surface with the Pesticidal compound of 0.1-1000mg or 1-500mg.This amount is enough to make the Pesticidal compound of effective dose at room temperature to evaporate to control harmful winged insect usually.
Usually have the insecticidal active compound of 0.001-30wt% to be stored in therein in the preparation of Pesticidal compound, wherein said percentage by weight is based on that the total amount of the preparation that provides calculates.
In aerosol preparations, generally have Pesticidal compound and propellant.In such aerosol preparations, the insecticidal active compound that aerosol preparations generally has 0.001-20wt% is present in wherein, and wherein said percentage by weight calculates based on the total amount of providing preparation.
As the propellant in the aerosol preparations, can mention that boiling point is 25 ℃ or lower compound, it can provide the aerosol preparations that is even compound form.The example of propellant comprises dimethyl ether (boiling point-24.8 ℃), propane (boiling point-41.2 ℃), normal butane (boiling point-0.5 ℃), iso-butane (12 ℃) etc., and composition thereof.
The amount that is present in the propellant in the aerosol preparations makes Pesticidal compound be sprayed on effectively on building structure or the household goods surface at least.This amount of propellant in the aerosol preparations can be 20wt% or 20-99.999wt% at least, and wherein said percentage by weight is based on that the total amount of the preparation that provides calculates.
If wish, also can be to wherein adding solvent, wherein solvent is 30-210 ℃ at 1 atmospheric boiling point.The boiling point of preferred solvent is 30-120 ℃, and more preferably the boiling point of solvent is 30-100 ℃, and wherein said boiling point is measured under an atmospheric pressure.Boiling point is that 30-210 ℃ solvent is meant, the boiling point of all components that is produced by this solvent is basically all within 30-210 ℃.When aerosol preparations used mixed solvent, this aerosol preparations generally made the boiling point of every kind of solvent all in above-mentioned boiling spread.
In addition, preferred use can provide the solvent of the aerosol preparations of homogeneous mixture form in aerosol preparations.When aerosol preparations was homogeneous mixture, this aerosol preparations can solution state, rather than had the water layer that separates and state, emulsion state and the suspension state of oil reservoir.But aerosol preparations also can be the water layer of existence separation and state, emulsion state and the suspension state of oil reservoir.
Example as such solvent, can mention water (boiling point is 100 ℃), n-butanol (boiling point is 117.9 ℃), sec-butyl alcohol (boiling point is 99.5 ℃), the tert-butyl alcohol (boiling point is 82.3 ℃), normal propyl alcohol (boiling point is 97.2 ℃), isopropyl alcohol (boiling point is 82.4), ethanol (boiling point is 78.3 ℃), hexane (boiling point is 69 ℃), heptane (boiling point is 98.4 ℃), 2-methylpentane (boiling point is 60 ℃), 2,2-dimethylbutane (boiling point is 50 ℃), octane (boiling point is 125 ℃), nonane (boiling point is 149.5 ℃), decane (boiling point is 174 ℃), hendecane (boiling point is 195.9 ℃), IP1620 (Idemitsu Petrochemical Company, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point is 116-202 ℃), IP1016 (Idemitsu PetrochemicalCompany, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 73-140 ℃) etc.When the aerosol preparations of homogeneous mixture form is provided, also can to wherein add alcohol as isopropyl alcohol as solvent.
When using solvent, the amount of solvent in aerosol preparations is 79.9999wt% or lower, is preferably 5-60wt%, and described percentage by weight is based on that the gross weight of the aerosol preparations that provides calculates.
Preparation can be produced with conventional art.For example can following production aerosol preparations: Pesticidal compound is added in the aerosol container.As required solvent, another kind of insecticidal active compound, repellant, synergist and/or stabilizing agent are also added in this aerosol container.After being connected to aerosol valve on this aerosol container, propellant is added in this aerosol container by above-mentioned valve.By shaking, and switch is fixed on the aerosol container the contents mixed in the aerosol container.
Oily preparation can prepare according to the method that is disclosed among the flat 6-316503 of Japanese unexamined patent.
The water fluid preparation can prepare according to the method that is disclosed among the flat 6-9305 of Japanese unexamined patent.
Atomization preparation can prepare according to the method that is disclosed among the flat 5-294803 of Japanese unexamined patent.
The preparation that heater is used can prepare according to the method that is disclosed among flat 2-533332 of Japanese unexamined patent or the flat 6-9305 of Japanese unexamined patent.
The preparation that air-blast device is used can prepare according to the method that is disclosed among the flat 11-92303 of Japanese unexamined patent.
The example of harmful winged insect comprises antihygienic harmful winged insect and harmful winged insect beastly.More specifically example as antihygienic insect can be mentioned, fly such as housefly (Muscadomestica) and false stable fly (Muscina stabulans), mosquito such as common mosquito (Culexpipiens pallens), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Culex tritaeniorhynchus), five band Culex pipiens pallens (Culex quinquefasciatus), aedes albopictus (Aedesalbopictus) etc.More specifically example as insect beastly can be mentioned, midge (Chironmidae), moth fly (Psychodidae), ant (Formicidae), wasp (Vespidae), honeybee etc.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Example of formulations 1-7
Pesticidal compound 1R-is anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2, the following the amount of Table 1 of 2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt adds in the aerosol container.If use IP1620 (Idemitsu Petrochemical Company, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 116-202 ℃), it pressed the amount of Table 1 also add in the aerosol container.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, the following propellant dimethyl ether of the amount of Table 1 is packed in this aerosol container.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Then switch is linked on the aerosol container, obtained aerosol preparations 1-7.
Table 1
Aerosol preparations # The amount of Pesticidal compound (g) Solvent The amount of propellant (g)
Type Amount (g)
????1 ????1 ?IP1620 ????69 ????30
????2 ????0.025 Do not have ????0 ????99.975
????3 ????0.05 Do not have ????0 ????99.95
????4 ????0.1 Do not have ????0 ????99.9
????5 ????0.2 Do not have ????0 ????99.8
????6 ????0.5 Do not have ????0 ????99.5
????7 ????1 Do not have ????0 ????98
Example of formulations 8-37
In aerosol container that some solvent as shown in table 2 below is anti--2,3,5 with the amount shown in the table 2 and Pesticidal compound 1R-, 6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt mixes.As shown in table 2, used solvent is selected from IP620 (IdemitsuPetrochemical Company, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 166-202 ℃), IP1016 (Idemitsu Petrochemical Company, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 73-140 ℃), isopropyl alcohol and hexane.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, the following propellant dimethyl ether of the amount of Table 2 is packed in this aerosol container.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Then switch is linked on the aerosol container, obtained aerosol preparations 8-37.
Table 2
Aerosol preparations # The amount of Pesticidal compound (g) Solvent Propellant
Type Amount (g) Type Amount
????8 ????9 ????10 ????11 ????12 ????13 ????14 ????15 ????16 ????17 ????18 ????19 ????20 ????21 ????22 ????23 ????24 ????25 ????26 ????27 ????28 ????29 ????30 ????31 ????32 ????33 ????34 ????35 ????36 ????37 ????5 ????0.025 ????0.05 ????0.1 ????0.2 ????0.5 ????1 ????5 ????5 ????0.025 ????0.05 ????0.1 ????0.2 ????0.5 ????1 ????5 ????0.025 ????0.05 ????0.1 ????0.2 ????0.5 ????1 ????5 ????0.025 ????0.05 ????0.1 ????0.2 ????0.5 ????1 ????5 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1016 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 IP1620 isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol hexane hexane hexane hexane hexane hexane hexane ???69 ???49.975 ???49.95 ???49.9 ???49.8 ???49.5 ???48 ???45 ???69 ???49.975 ???49.95 ???49.9 ???49.8 ???49.5 ???48 ???45 ???49.975 ???49.95 ???49.9 ???49.8 ???49.5 ???48 ???45 ???49.975 ???49.95 ???49.9 ???49.8 ???49.5 ???48 ???45 Dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether dimethyl ether ????95 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????95 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50 ????50
Example of formulations 38-74
By using LPG to replace dimethyl ether, be similar to example of formulations 8-37 and prepare aerosol preparations 38-74.
Example of formulations 75
Be prepared as follows oily preparation: with 2.67g Pesticidal compound 1R-anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt is dissolved among the 97.33gIP1620 (Idemitsu Petrochemical Company, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 166-202 ℃).Oily preparation is poured in the aerosol preparations.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, the liquefied propellant admixture of gas of 8.4g dimethyl ether and LPG is packed in this aerosol container.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Discharge aerocolloidal switch fully with one then and link on the aerosol container, obtain aerosol preparations 75.
Example of formulations 76
In an aerosol container, it is anti--2,3,5 to add Pesticidal compound 1R-in water and 1: 1 mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol (weight ratio), 6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, the 50g dimethyl ether is packed in this aerosol container.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Then switch is linked on the aerosol container, obtained aerosol preparations 76.
Comparative formulation embodiment 1
In an aerosol container, in 69g IP1620 (Idemitsu PetrochemicalCompany, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 166-202 ℃), add the 1g Prallethrin.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, 30g propellant dimethyl ether is packed in this aerosol container with the amount of Table 1.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Then switch is linked on the aerosol container, obtained contrasting aerosol preparations 1.
Comparative formulation embodiment 2
In an aerosol container, in 69g IP1620 (Idemitsu PetrochemicalCompany, isoparaffic solvent, boiling point are 166-202 ℃), add the 1g permethrin.After linking aerosol valve on the aerosol container, 30g propellant dimethyl ether is packed in this aerosol container with the amount of Table 1.Content in this aerosol container is fully shaken up.Then switch is linked on the aerosol container, obtained contrasting aerosol preparations 2.
Test implementation example 1
At 5.8m 3The test room in (inside dimension: wide 1.8m, dark 1.8m, high 1.8m, it is glass that one side is arranged in the four sides wall) with one square metre nylon Curtain suspension device on windowpane and open, it is apart from floor 140cm.From the place of distance curtain 40cm, aerosol preparations 1 evenly directly is sprayed on this nylon curtain, sprayed for 6 seconds.The amount of the aerosol preparations 1 that is sprayed is determined by measuring the minimizing of spraying aerosol preparations 1 front and back aerosol preparations 1 gross weight.Subsequently, will test the room ventilated 10 minutes with ventilating fan.Then its import is closed and sealed.Second day (after one day) puts into the test room to 20 heros and female adult housefly after this room ventilated 10 minutes for the second time.With the killed number of determining of number of times routine observation housefly.And then after spraying aerosol preparations 1 second day and spray after the aerosol preparations 1 the 3rd day, difference will be tested ventilation of room with the 4th time for the third time, and making does not have housefly in this test room.After ventilating for the 4th time, 20 heros and female adult housefly are put into the test room for the second time.With the killed number of determining of number of times routine observation housefly.Can determine to kill the required time (KT of half housefly after first day and after the 3rd day based on the desinsection number 50).
In addition, repeat above-mentioned test with contrast aerosol preparations 1 and contrast aerosol preparations 2 respectively.
The results are shown in the following table 3.
Table 3
Sprinkling amount (g) ??KT 50Value (minute)
After 1 day After 3 days
Aerosol preparations 1 contrast aerosol preparations 2 contrast aerosol preparations 3 ????3.4 ????3.3 ????3.1 ????4.2 ????6.4 ????18.4 6.8 surpass 60 34.3
Test implementation example 2
With the above-mentioned test among aerosol composition 7,8,14,15,22,23,29,30,36 and the 37 retest embodiment 1.Can obtain excellent pesticidal effect with aerosol composition 7,8,14,15,22,23,29,30,36 and 37.
Test implementation example 3
At 5.8m 3The test room in (inside dimension: wide 1.8m, dark 1.8m, high 1.8m), aerosol preparations 75 is placed on the center, floor, all the elements thing of aerosol preparations 75 is all upwards sprayed (about 17 seconds) indirectly.The amount of the aerosol preparations 75 that is sprayed is determined by measuring the minimizing of spraying aerosol preparations 75 front and back aerosol preparations 1 gross weight.Subsequently, will test the room ventilated 10 minutes with ventilating fan.Then its import is closed and sealed.Second day (after one day) is after this room ventilated 10 minutes for the second time with ventilating fan.Close with the leakage test room in 50 heros and female adult housefly are put into this test room.With the killed number of determining of number of times routine observation housefly.And then after spraying aerosol preparations 75 second day and spray after the aerosol preparations 75 the 3rd day, difference will be tested ventilation of room with the 4th time for the third time, and making does not have housefly in this test room.After ventilating for the 4th time, 50 heros and female adult housefly are put into the test room for the second time.With the killed number of determining of number of times routine observation housefly.Can determine to kill the required time (KT of half housefly after first day and after the 3rd day based on the desinsection number 50).
The results are shown in the following table 4.
Table 4
Composition therefor Aerosol sprinkling amount (g) ??KT 50Value (minute)
After 1 day After 3 days
Aerosol composition 75 ????12 Be less than 2.0 ????2.3

Claims (5)

1. method of controlling the insect in the indoor environment, this method comprise to the surface applied 1R-of building structure or household goods anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt.
2. the method for claim 1, it comprises the surface applied aerosol composition to building structure or household goods, it is anti--2,3,5 that said composition contains propellant and 1R-, 6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt.
3. the method for claim 2, wherein also to contain boiling point be 30-210 ℃ solvent to aerosol composition.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that building structure and household goods are selected from the standing part of building and furniture item movably.
5.1R-anti--2,3,5,6-ptfe benzyl 3-(2, the 2-dichloroethylene)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid salt is used for the application on the surface of building structure or household goods as insecticide.
CNB021321337A 2001-09-05 2002-09-03 Insect killing method and its application Expired - Lifetime CN1248583C (en)

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JP268553/01 2001-09-05
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JP2001268553A JP2003073204A (en) 2001-09-05 2001-09-05 Method for exterminating flying noxious insect in room of house

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JP6420545B2 (en) * 2013-07-01 2018-11-07 大日本除蟲菊株式会社 Pest control aerosol and pest control method using the same

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BR0203445A (en) 2003-05-20
KR100877091B1 (en) 2009-01-07
ITTO20020756A0 (en) 2002-08-29
ITTO20020756A1 (en) 2003-03-06
CN1248583C (en) 2006-04-05
ES2204308B1 (en) 2005-06-16
AR036418A1 (en) 2004-09-08

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