CN1405206A - 超支化聚酰胺及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了超支化聚酰胺及其制备方法。制备方法如下：在氮气保护下，将偏酸酐(含酸酐和羧基的化合物)或四酸酐与双氨基单体以1/100～100/1摩尔比反应，所用溶剂为非质子溶剂，反应温度为－50℃～250℃，反应时间为1分钟至10天；将所得混合物升温至20℃～350℃，在真空度为5000－0.01Pa减压下继续反应5分钟至120小时，制得超支化聚酰胺。所得聚合物可溶于有机溶剂，适宜做添加剂、医药载体、功能材料前体等，应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域：本发明涉及超支化聚合物，特别是超支化聚酰胺及其制备方法。
背景技术：超支化聚合物是一类高度支化的具有三维立体构造的大分子，具有一般线型聚合物所没有的高溶解性，低粘度，高流变性及大量末端官能团等特点，将在流变添加剂、涂料、纳米材料、光电材料等功能材料领域获得应用。与另一类高度支化大分子即树状大分子相比，其合成相对简单，从而可能大量制备。
超支化聚合物一般由ABn(n≥2)型单体缩聚而成(Kim，Y.H.，Webster，O.W.Macromolecules，Vol.25，5561(1992))。但是ABn型单体一般需要研究者自己合成，费时费力费钱，使得ABn型单体缩聚法具有一定的局限性。
发明内容：本发明的目的在于利用不同官能团间的不同反应活性，用商品化的含有酸酐的单体与双氨基单体直接反应，合成新型超支化聚酰胺。减少了合成步骤，简化了生产工艺，降低了成本。
本发明的内容是以商品化的含有酸酐的单体及双氨基单体为原料，合成了一系列超支化聚酰胺。
本发明的制备方法如下：在氮气保护下，将含有酸酐的单体与双氨基单体以1/100～100/1摩尔比，于-50℃～250℃下在非质子溶剂中反应1分钟至10天；将所得混合物升温至20℃～350℃，真空度为5000～0.01Pa下减压反应5分钟至120小时，经溶解、沉淀、过滤、干燥，得到目标聚合物。
本发明采用的含有酸酐的单体包括偏酸酐或四甲酸酐，特别是偏苯羧酸酐，烷基取代偏苯羧酸酐，均苯四甲酸酐，烷基取代均苯四甲酸酐，四萘甲酸酐，烷基取代四萘甲酸酐，四芘甲酸酐，烷基取代四芘甲酸酐，四苝甲酸酐，烷基取代四苝甲酸酐，四苯甲酮甲酸酐，烷基取代四苯甲酮甲酸酐，四蒽甲酸酐，烷基取代四蒽甲酸酐，二苯甲醚四甲酸酐，烷基取代二苯甲醚四甲酸酐，及它们的同系物、衍生物和异构体。其中这些单体的烷基指C1～C20的取代基。
本发明采用的双氨基单体为含有两个氨基(伯氨基或仲氨基)的化合物或者它们的混合物，特别是乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、辛二胺、癸二胺，芳香二胺，杂环二胺，及它们的同系物、衍生物和异构体。
本发明采用的非质子溶剂包括N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、环丁砜、氯仿、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、四氯化碳，或者含有这些非质子溶剂的混合溶剂。
聚合物的结构经红外光谱及核磁共振分析得到证实。分子量用GPC测定，以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂。
具体实施方法：下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：氮气保护下，将0.1mol均苯四甲酸酐溶于20mL N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中，搅拌下加入0.1mol己二胺。常温下反应30小时，然后在真空度为50Pa减压下，升温至130℃反应5小时。停止反应，用N，N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解产物，用500mL乙醚沉淀，经抽滤、洗涤、真空干燥，得目标产物，分子量为25,300。
实施例2：氮气保护下，将0.1mol偏苯羧酸酐溶于20mL N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中，搅拌下加入0.1mol哌嗪。在常温下反应20小时，然后在真空度为100Pa减压下，升温至135℃反应5小时。停止反应，用N，N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解产物，用500mL乙醚沉淀，经抽滤、洗涤、真空干燥，得目标聚合物。产物分子量为34,200。
Claims (5)
1、超支化聚酰胺及其制备方法，其特征在于制备方法如下：在氮气保护下，将含有酸酐的单体与双氨基单体以1/100～100/1摩尔比，于-50℃～250℃下在非质子溶剂中反应1分钟至10天；将所得混合物升温至20℃～350℃，在真空度为5000～0.01Pa下减压反应5分钟至120小时，经溶解、沉淀、过滤、干燥，得到目标聚合物。
2、根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚酰胺的制备方法，其特征在于含有酸酐的单体包括偏苯羧酸酐，烷基取代偏苯羧酸酐，均苯四甲酸酐，烷基取代均苯四甲酸酐，四萘甲酸酐，烷基取代四萘甲酸酐，四芘甲酸酐，烷基取代四芘甲酸酐，四苝甲酸酐，烷基取代四苝甲酸酐，四苯甲酮甲酸酐，烷基取代四苯甲酮甲酸酐，四蒽甲酸酐，烷基取代四蒽甲酸酐，二苯甲醚四甲酸酐，烷基取代二苯甲醚四甲酸酐。其中这些单体的烷基指C1～C20的取代基。
3、根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚酰胺的制备方法，其特征在于双氨基单体包括乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、辛二胺、癸二胺，芳香二胺，杂环二胺，及它们的烷基取代物。其中这些单体的烷基指C1～C20的取代基。
4、根据权利要求1所述的超支化聚酰胺的制备方法，其特征在于非质子溶剂包括N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、环丁砜、氯仿、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、四氯化碳。
5、超支化聚酰胺，其特征在于采用权利要求1～4所述的制备方法获得的超支化聚合物。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103523885A (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-22 | 威海晨源分子新材料有限公司 | 超支化聚酰胺胺和树枝状聚酰胺胺复合絮凝脱色剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN108329466A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-27 | 天津工业大学 | 一种阻燃聚酰胺6/苝四甲酸二酐复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101693749B (zh) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-10-05 | 浙江大学 | 一种制备超支化乙烯基或丙烯基酰胺类聚合物的方法 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103523885A (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-22 | 威海晨源分子新材料有限公司 | 超支化聚酰胺胺和树枝状聚酰胺胺复合絮凝脱色剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN103523885B (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-06-03 | 威海晨源分子新材料有限公司 | 超支化聚酰胺胺和树枝状聚酰胺胺复合絮凝脱色剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN108329466A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-27 | 天津工业大学 | 一种阻燃聚酰胺6/苝四甲酸二酐复合材料及其制备方法 |
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