CN1402554A - 压缩图像比特流的变码方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种有效的变码方法,其移去用户不感兴趣的区域以降低比特率,并且将该被移去的比特率分配给有关区域以提供比现有方法更好的图像质量。该用于将输入图像比特流变码成具有不同比特率的输出图像比特流的方法包括下列步骤:确定将从输入图像中移去的区域;根据所确定的剪切区域剪切输入图像;以及生成适合于剪切后剩余图像的输出图像比特流。在该变码方法中,用户不感兴趣的区域被移去以降低比特率,并且将该被移去的比特率分配给有关区域以提供比现有方法更好的图像质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于转换压缩图像比特流的画面大小和比特率的方法,更具体地涉及一种有效的变码(transcode)方法,其移去用户不感兴趣的区域以降低比特率,并且将被移去的比特分配到有关区域中以提供和现有方法相比质量更高的画面。
背景技术
近来,随着网络的迅速发展,不同网络之间的相互兼容成为一个重要的问题。为了相互兼容,可以使用网关和多点控制单元(MCU)。
网关需要根据发送比特的网络的状态来调整比特发送率。特别地,在多媒体服务器系统中,诸如比特率之类的服务质量(QoS)参数是通过用户和服务提供商之间的协商而确定的。
在达成协议之后,如果所存储的压缩图像流不匹配达成的格式(level),服务提供商按照所达成的格式转换所存储的压缩图像比特流。在大多数情况中,所存储的压缩图像比特流被转换成具有较低画面质量的压缩图像比特流。
同时,观看电视的用户或通过因特网接收图像的设备强烈要求个人录像机(PVR)具有诸如同时播放和记录的功能。对于PVR功能,接收设备应该在硬盘驱动器(HDD)中暂时存储所接收的压缩图像比特流。此时,用户希望存储尽可能多的视频节目。因此,还需要转换压缩图像比特流的比特率。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的变码方法,其有效地执行压缩图像比特流的画面大小和比特率的转换。
为实现本发明的目的,提供一种将输入的图像比特流变码成具有不同比特率的输出图像比特流,该方法包括下列步骤:确定要从输入图像中移去的区域;根据确定的剪切区域剪切输入图像;并产生适于图像剪切后剩余图像的输出图像比特流。
最好,在生成输出图像比特流的步骤中,通过将从剪切区域中被移去的剪切比特再分配到输出图像或用户特别感兴趣的区域中,从而改进有关区域的图像质量。
附图说明
通过下面附图进行的对优选实施例的详细描述,本发明的上述和其他目的和优点将会变得更加清楚,其中:
图1是现有技术的变码器结构的方框图;
图2是根据本发明的变码方法的流程图;
图3是用于执行根据本发明的执行变码方法的处理的概略图;
图4(a)和4(b)是用于表示初始化宏块的DC系数和运动矢量的概略图。
具体实施方式
压缩图像比特流的变码依可以分成均匀(homogeneous)变码器和非均匀(heterogeneous)变码器,均匀变码器用于输出具有和输入压缩图像比特流相同标准规范的压缩图像比特流,而非均匀变码器用于输出具有和输入压缩图像比特流不同标准规范的压缩图像比特流,而且,根据构成方法,变码器还可以分成具有部分解码器的开环变码器以及具有完全解码器的闭环变码器。
本发明是一种生成变码器的输出比特率,以便符合用户感兴趣的画面大小,并能使用上述的四种类型的变码器的方法。
图1是现有技术的变码器的结构方框图。图1的现有技术变码器包括:解码器102,是用完全解码器或部分解码器形成的,用于解码输入图像比特率;以及编码器104,将来自解码器102的解码结果编码成具有所需的比特率或规范的比特流。当使用完全解码器时,能够被显示的再现图像是从解码器102的解码结果获得的。当使用部分解码器时,获得不能直接被显示的再现图像,例如,DCT(离散余弦变换)域的变换系数表示的图像。
解码器104生成满足变换参数所需的条件的输出图像比特流。
在此,输入图像比特流和输出图像比特流可以具有相同的标准规范,例如,MPEG-1、MPEG-2、H.261或H.263(在均匀变码器的情况中),或者具有不同的标准规范(在非均匀变码器的情况中)。而且,它们可以具有不同的比特率、画面大小、画面类型、画面速率或画面分辨率。在此,转换画面大小的现有方法的步骤具有下列步骤:在频域或像素阈(picture element domain)滤波比特流,并接着对滤波信号进行下采样(downsample)。
具有在频域或像素阈滤波比特流,并接着对滤波信号进行下采样的变码方法是复杂的。另外,可能将不是必需的信息发送给对画面整体不感兴趣的用户。
图2示出了根据本发明的转换画面大小的方法的流程图。
图2中的根据本发明转换画面大小的方法包括下列步骤:在步骤S202中确定输出图像的大小;在步骤S204中根据在步骤S202中确定的大小剪切所输入图像;在步骤S206中确定是否需要下采样;在步骤S208中执行下采样;以及在步骤S210中生成一输出图像比特流。
首先,在步骤S202确定输出图像的大小。
此时,通过(1)用户、(2)通过在输入图像的编码区域比输出图像的编码区域小的时候的显示区域的大小、(3)通过比特率和画面质量之间的折衷来确定输出图像的大小。
根据所确定的输出图像,确定剪切区域和变码器输出区域。
下面,在步骤S204将所确定的输入图像的剪切区域剪切掉。
此时,输入图像和输出图像之间可能的关系在图3的阶段-0示出。即,在阶段-0的上边的图像中,将输入图像的上部和下部的一部分剪切掉。在阶段-0的中间的图像中,将输入图像的上、下、左、右部分的一部分剪切掉。在阶段-0的下边的图像中,将输入图像的左、右部分的一部分剪切掉。而且,通过剪切获得的图像大小可以和变码器的输出图像的大小相同。
接着,在步骤S206确定是否需要附加的下采样。在步骤S208执行下采样。
由于下采样,使画面的整个尺寸减小。在此,输入图像和输出图像之间可能的关系在图3的阶段-1示出。例如,在阶段-1的上边的图像中,得到其每个的长度减小的图像。在阶段-1的中间的图像中,得到其每个的长度和宽度都减小的图像。在阶段-1的下边的图像中,获得其每个的宽度减小的图像。
使用步骤S208的输出,在步骤S210生成变码器的输出图像比特流。此时,应该修改对应于在步骤S202中确定的变码器输出区域之外的区域的运动矢量。而且,在新确定的输出区域中,应该初始化每一片(画面分割单元)中的第一宏块的DCT系数的DC系数和运动矢量。
图4(a)和4(b)是表示初始化宏块的DC系数和运动矢量的处理的概略图。如图4(a)所示,帧400被分割成多个片402,每一个片是由多个宏块404形成的。正如众所周知的,宏块是由四个亮度信号DCT块和两个色度信号DCT块形成。每一个DCT块具有8×8个像素的大小。而且,通过DCT变换DCT块获得的DCT系数是由一个DCT系数和64个AC系数形成的。在DCT系数中,DC系数是用差分编码方法编码的,而AC系数是用游程长度方法编码的。
在差分编码DC系数中,每一片的第一亮度信号DCT块的DC系数是基数(base),并且每一片的基本DC系数和剩余DCT块的DC系数之间的差值被编码。因此,在解码中,应该知道每一片的第一亮度信号DCT块的DC系数。
但是,当图4(a)中虚线左边的部分被剪切时,意味着对应于每一片的第一亮度信号DCT块的DC系数的部分被剪切,从而不能正常恢复DC系数。因此,当图像被剪切后,执行初始化,使得包括在剩余图像中的第一宏块的亮度信号DCT系数的DC系数成为基数。
接着,参照图4(b),参照与当前帧的宏块402相似的前一帧的宏块414或416来编码当前帧的宏块402的运动矢量,并且这些宏块之间的坐标差对应于该运动矢量。
但是,当在剪切其它部分后留下虚线矩形框,即剩余区域418时,丢弃要被参考的宏块414或416,从而后续的帧不能被正常解码。因此,当剪切要参考的宏块414或416时,应该再次调整运动矢量。
在调整方法中,可以将最接近于剩余区域中的参考宏块141的宏块420设置成新的参考宏块。
因为不可能产生为原始图像的一半或三分之一那么小的剩余区域,所以在剩余区域中能够找到邻近参考宏块414的宏块420以便进行设置。假设其运动矢量应该修改的宏块数少是进行设置的另一个原因。
并且,如果在步骤S210中产生的输出图像比特流的比特率不满足需要,则可以重复执行步骤S202至S210。
在图2所示的根据本发明的变码方法中,通过在设置区域作为剪切区域后移去用户不感兴趣的区域,可以减小比特率。
在此,通过将所剪切的从剪切区域中移去的比特再分配到输出图像中,或者再分配到用户特别感兴趣的有关区域中,可以得到在有关区域中具有高画面质量的有效变码。
如上所述,根据本发明的变码方法,将用户不感兴趣的区域移去以降低比特率,而且被移去的比特被分配给有关区域以提供比现有方法更好的画面质量。
Claims (6)
1.一种将输入图像比特流变码(transcoding)成具有不同比特率的输出图像比特流的方法,该方法包括步骤:
确定将从输入图像中移去的区域;
根据所确定的剪切区域剪切输入图像;以及
生成适合于剪切后剩余图像的输出图像比特流。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在确定剪切区域的步骤中,如果输入图像的编码区域小于显示区域,则由显示区域的大小确定该剪切区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在确定剪切区域的步骤中,通过比特率和画面质量的折衷来确定剪切区域。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在生成输出图像比特流的步骤中,修改对应于在确定剪切区域步骤中确定的变码器输出区域之外的区域的运动矢量。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在生成输出图像比特流的步骤中,初始化变码器输出区域中的每一片的第一宏块的DCT系数的DC系数和运动矢量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在生成输出图像比特流的步骤中,通过将从剪切区域移去的被剪切比特再分配给输出图像或再分配给用户特别感兴趣的有关区域中,改进有关区域的图像质量。
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- 2002-03-29 CN CNB021072981A patent/CN1170436C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-19 US US10/125,389 patent/US20030035481A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-24 JP JP2002215515A patent/JP3979897B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN100399829C (zh) * | 2004-03-12 | 2008-07-02 | 学校法人大洋学园 | 视频代码转换方法和装置以及运动矢量内插方法 |
CN101346997B (zh) * | 2005-12-28 | 2015-01-14 | 英特尔公司 | 用户敏感信息适应性视频代码转换的方法、系统和设备 |
CN101395923B (zh) * | 2006-03-02 | 2011-06-15 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | 用于在图像信号编码中为图像中的像素块组确定比特分配的方法及设备 |
TWI477143B (zh) * | 2006-06-23 | 2015-03-11 | Broadcom Corp | 視頻攝像機、視頻處理系統及其方法 |
CN101335036B (zh) * | 2007-06-25 | 2012-01-25 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 影像声音再现装置 |
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JP3979897B2 (ja) | 2007-09-19 |
JP2003111079A (ja) | 2003-04-11 |
KR20030015950A (ko) | 2003-02-26 |
GB2378836A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
GB0206990D0 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
KR100440953B1 (ko) | 2004-07-21 |
US20030035481A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
GB2378836B (en) | 2003-10-15 |
CN1170436C (zh) | 2004-10-06 |
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