CN1400731A - Waveform generation method and power converter device - Google Patents

Waveform generation method and power converter device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1400731A
CN1400731A CN01124021A CN01124021A CN1400731A CN 1400731 A CN1400731 A CN 1400731A CN 01124021 A CN01124021 A CN 01124021A CN 01124021 A CN01124021 A CN 01124021A CN 1400731 A CN1400731 A CN 1400731A
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phase
transforming unit
current transforming
current
unit
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CN1190885C (en
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任少康
石爱民
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Priority to CNB011240210A priority Critical patent/CN1190885C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2002/000541 priority patent/WO2003015253A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/14—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion between circuits of different phase number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel

Abstract

This invention relates to power conversion method and device of variable voltage especially relates to power conversion method and device of pulse length adjustment voltage control system and particularly the high voltage power conversion device. The power conversion device of current multi-variable unit contains one or S three-phase leading-in transfor in group three phase secondary windings, ware generating controller and M current converting phases, outputs of which are connected together and the other M ends from the M phase output of the current multivariable unit power conversion device. The ware generate controller contains a main module, calculating module, distribution module, but module, simple selecting module, actual operation module.

Description

A kind of Waveform generation method and power-converting device
Invention field
The present invention relates to the electric power conversion method and the power-converting device of variable voltage, relate in particular to the electric power conversion method and the device of pwm voltage control system, particularly high-voltage power converting means.
Technical background
The application of high power AC Variable Frequency and Speed Adjusting of Electromotor device and high-power industrial power more and more widely needs a large amount of reliable power-converting devices.
At present, many level mode, independently the power-converting device formed of H bridging stream unit is described with No. 5625545 patents of the U.S. is representative with current potential.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of power-converting device main circuit of being made up of a plurality of current potential independence H bridging streams unit.
This device is made up of level winding phase shifting transformer 1 and a plurality of current transforming unit 2 repeatedly, after the series connection, is associated in together by star connection more respectively, forms three-phase and exports and connect load 5, as threephase motor.Elementary winding 3 can be a star connection, also can be the dihedral connection.Will differ certain electrical degree between the secondary winding 4, method can be an equal difference one by one, also can be grouping equal difference, but the summation of difference is 60 degree.Current transforming unit 2 all is the three-phase alternating current input, single phase alternating current (A.C.) output.
Fig. 2 shows an example that adopts three phase-shifting rectifier transformers.
Wherein, discrete transformer 8,9 and 10 replaces the effect of transformer 1 among Fig. 1.The effect of three overcurrent protective devices 7 is protection discrete transformer 8,9 and 10 on more powerful three phase worker power 6.Transformer 8,9 and 10 elementary winding and secondary winding are taked corresponding phase shift measure, guarantee the balanced power taking of each current transforming unit, make inlet wire harmonic wave minimum.
Fig. 3 shows an example of current transforming unit 2.
Current transforming unit 2 is made up of end of incoming cables 11, incoming relay-protection 12, rectifier 13, filter capacitor 14, half-bridge converter 15, leading-out terminal 16 and 17, outlet protection 18 and current transforming unit controller 19.Current transforming unit controller 19 carries out the information transmission by optical fiber 20 and complete machine controller 21.
Traditionally, incoming relay-protection 12 adopts fast acting fuse.
The form of rectifier 13 has a variety of selections.Fig. 4 shows the rectifier that adopts the full-controlled rectifier mode, and full-controlled rectifier bridge 13 can be controlled the keying of rectification circuit.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show two kinds of forms can carrying out DC bus-bar voltage control and energy feedback, and commutation controller 22 wherein flows to filter capacitor 14 according to the decision of the voltage on the filter capacitor 14 electric energy by end of incoming cables 11 and still flows to end of incoming cables 11 by filter capacitor 14.Rectifier 13 among Fig. 6 is made up of two parts, and forward bridge 23 is responsible for rectification functions, and oppositely bridge 24 is responsible for the energy feedbacks.
Inverter bridge 15 is to adopt the single-phase bridge circuit of the fly-wheel diode composition of any controlled stopcock device and reverse parallel connection, not necessarily leaves no choice but adopt igbt shown in Figure 3 (IGBT).Fig. 7 shows the H type inverter bridge of the fly-wheel diode composition that adopts gate turn off thyristor (GTO) and reverse parallel connection.
The effect of outlet protection 18 is when current transforming unit 2 breaks down, and closes the drive signal of inverter bridge 15, with short circuit between leading-out terminal 16 and 17, guarantees that the loop is unimpeded, makes complete machine can continue operation.Fig. 8 shows the various forms that the applying electronic switch is realized the outlet protection, wherein by the short circuit between the action realization leading-out terminal 16 and 17 of electronic switching device 25.Fig. 9 shows the various forms that the application machine switch is realized the outlet protection; wherein make mechanical switch 27 action realize short circuit between leading-out terminal 16 and 17 by driving element 26; at (c) of Fig. 9 with (d); when realizing between the leading-out terminal 16 and 17 short circuit the output of inverter bridge 15 is opened circuit, prevent that inverter bridge 15 from resulting in greater loss when out of control.In these forms of outlet protection 18, the employing electronic switch, though operate time is short, loss ratio is bigger, and heat radiation and overall efficiency problem are arranged; The employing mechanical switch, though inefficent and heat dissipation problem, but its operate time is oversize, can not guarantee when current transforming unit breaks down it is cut off and do not stop the requirement of complete machine operation, as to adopt the mechanical switch of band normally-open normally-close contact, course of action must be to disconnect normally-closed contact earlier, after the normally opened contact that closes, circuit can be cut off and swash and high pressure in this process, so switch when being not suitable for moving continuously.
The filter capacitor 14 general electrochemical capacitors that adopt also can adopt common filter capacitor by connecting and composing in parallel.Because the capacitance of filter capacitor 14 is generally very big, just can enter operating state after needing charging circuit that capacitance voltage is lifted to certain value.Figure 10 illustrates a kind of example of charging circuit.Wherein, the 28th, charging circuit.At the beginning of powering on, charge switch 29 is opened, and main power source gives filter capacitor 14 chargings by charging resistor 30.After voltage on the filter capacitor 14 reached certain value, charge switch 29 closed, and with charging resistor 30 excisions, entered normal operating conditions.Figure 11 illustrates the example of another charging circuit.At the beginning of powering on, thyristor 31 all ends, and charge switch 32 closes, and main power source gives filter capacitor 14 chargings by secondary bridge 33 of charging and charging resistor 34.After voltage on the filter capacitor 14 reached certain value, charge switch 32 disconnected, and with the charging circuit excision, made thyristor 31 conductings simultaneously, entered normal operating conditions.Charge switch 32 can not use.The shortcoming that above-mentioned use resistance carries out charging current limiter is that problems of excessive heat can appear in charging resistor, causes life-span and reliability too to reduce, first kind of charging modes especially, and problem is particularly serious.
Traditionally, adopt the three-phase high-voltage power supply of topological structure illustrated in figures 1 and 2 and three-phase high-voltage alternating current motor to have two kinds with the waveform occurring mode of variable-frequency governor, a kind of is heap ripple mode, and another kind is the multiple pulse width modulation mode.
Figure 12 is a kind of example of piling wave-wave shape occurring mode.Wherein, the 35th, the fundamental voltage waveform of a certain phase, the 36th, the output waveform of this phase, the 37th, this mutually in the output waveform of the 1st current transforming unit, the 38th, this mutually in the output waveform of the 2nd current transforming unit, by that analogy, 39,40,41 and 42 is respectively the output waveform of the 3rd to the 6th current transforming unit wherein.The 43rd, the DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit.Since one mutually in all current transforming units be connect in turn and each other current potential be independently, output waveform is the direct superimposed result of each current transforming unit output waveform.The advantage of this heap ripple mode is that the switching frequency of switching device is low, and switching loss is little; Shortcoming is the output waveform inaccuracy, and output harmonic wave is big, and is unhappy, inaccurate to the speed of voltage adjustment response.
Figure 13 shows the example that a kind of multiple pulse width modulation waveform takes place.The method that produces width-modulation pulse still is the method that compares with first-harmonic and triangular wave.In this multiple pulse width modulation Waveform generation method, triangular wave is a plurality of, and carries out equidistant phase shift.Among Figure 13, triangular wave 44 is triangular waves of the 1st current transforming unit, compares with first-harmonic 45, produces the output waveform 47 of the left half-bridge of current transforming unit 4 shown in Figure 3; The anti-phase first-harmonic 46 that differs 180 degree with first-harmonic 45 compares, and produces the output waveform 48 of its right half-bridge; Two synthetic backs of waveform generate the output waveform 49 of the 1st current transforming unit.Equally, triangular wave 50 is with first-harmonic 45 and differ the output waveform 51 and 52 that the 180 anti-phase first-harmonics 46 of spending relatively produce the 2nd current transforming unit left side half-bridge and right half-bridge, generates the output waveform 53 of the 2nd current transforming unit.Equally, triangular wave 54 is with first-harmonic 45 and differ the output waveform 55 and 56 that the 180 anti-phase first-harmonics 46 of spending relatively produce the 3rd current transforming unit left side half-bridge and right half-bridge, generates the output waveform 57 of the 3rd current transforming unit.Current transforming unit output waveform 49,53 and 57 is superimposed, and obtains phase output waveform 58.
Figure 14 shows the example of a traditional controller of the high pressure three phase mains that adopts above-mentioned multiple pulse width modulation Waveform generation method and three-phase high-voltage motor variable frequency speed control device.Complete machine controller 59 is with three-phase voltage desired value VU *, VV *And VW *Give respectively in the port module 60 of each phase, in the port module of each phase, realize necessary phase shift.Give current transforming unit controller 62 by optical fiber 61 with waveform signal.
The shortcoming of above-mentioned multiple pulse width modulation Waveform generation method and controller thereof is: phase shift function is carried out respectively on port module 56, is difficult to accurate control, and precision is bad; In Waveform generation method, unified control strategy is not taked in the variation of current transforming unit number, be unfavorable for actual use; This Waveform generation method and controller will take effective measures the increase that suppresses the inlet wire harmonic wave when not considering that current transforming unit is controlled and closing, and also will make the live load balance of each current transforming unit.
Figure 15 shows a kind of main circuit of many current potentials of bidirectional switch formula independence current transforming unit power-converting device, sees No. 6236580 patents of the U.S. for details.This power-converting device comprises the bidirectional switch formula current transforming unit 64 of inlet wire transformer 63 and the single-phase output of single-phase input.The elementary winding of inlet wire transformer 63 is by three-phase input 65 and several single-phase secondary winding.
Figure 16 shows the circuit diagram of the bidirectional switch formula current transforming unit 64 of the single-phase output of single-phase input, unsteady flow bridge and single-phase output 69 that bidirectional switch formula current transforming unit 64 comprises single-phase input 66, filter capacitor 67, is made up of four switching devices 68.Single-phase input 66 taps into the some single-phase secondary winding of line transformer, and single-phase output 69 is connected to form three-phase output in turn with the output of other current transforming units.
Figure 17 shows the circuit diagram that switching device 68 may be selected for use, wherein, (a) is the symbol of switching device 68, is the two-way type circuit of switching device 68 (b) and (c), (d) is the one-way type circuit of switching device 68.
If this many current potentials of bidirectional switch formula independence current transforming unit power-converting device adopts above-mentioned multiple pulse width modulation Waveform generation method, can produce the problems referred to above equally.
Figure 18 shows the main circuit of the distributed changeable stream of current potential separated transformer unit power-converting device.This power-converting device comprises three-phase input end 71, the distributed current transforming unit 72 of transformer, and elementary 73 and secondary 74 of the distributed current transforming unit 72 of transformer is cascaded respectively, forms three-phase output and connect motor 75 after mid point links.Figure 19 shows two kinds of circuit diagrams of the distributed current transforming unit 72 of transformer.The distributed current transforming unit 72 of transformer comprises single-phase end of incoming cables 76, reactor 77, suitable bridge 78, filter capacitor 79, inverter bridge 80, isolating transformer 81 and the single-phase output 82 of becoming.The different positions that are isolating transformer of the represented distributed changeable stream of the transformer unit of (a) and (b) among Figure 19, one in the output of inverter bridge, one on along the input that becomes bridge, but the effect of potential isolation is identical.
If the distributed many current potentials independence of this transformer current transforming unit power-converting device adopts above-mentioned multiple pulse width modulation Waveform generation method, can produce the problems referred to above equally.
Figure 20 shows the main circuit of the independent changeable stream of neutral point clamp formula current potential unit power-converting device.The changeable stream of current potential independence neutral point clamp formula unit power-converting device comprises that three phase worker power 83, inlet wire transformer 85, two three-phase import the neutral point clamp formula current transforming unit 88 and the load motor 89 of single-phase output, also comprises and the corresponding overcurrent protector 84 of each inlet wire transformer when selecting a plurality of inlet wire transformer for use.The elementary winding 86 of inlet wire transformer 85 can adopt star-like or the dihedral connection, will carry out necessary phase shift between the secondary winding, and to make the phase shifting angle sum be 60 degree.
Figure 21 shows the circuit diagram of neutral point clamp formula current transforming unit 88.Neutral point clamp formula current transforming unit 88 comprise three-phase input end 90, down three-phase input end 91, go up overcurrent protection 92, overcurrent protection 93 down, go up rectifier bridge 94, down rectifier bridge 95, go up filter capacitor 96, filter capacitor 97, left inverter bridge 111, right inverter bridge 112 and lead- out terminal 113 and 114 down.Left side inverter bridge 111 comprises switching device 101,102,103 and 104 and be connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode, clamping diode 98 and 99 on the switching device.Right inverter bridge 112 comprises switching device 105,106,107 and 108 and be connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode, clamping diode 109 and 110 on the switching device.Voltage on filter capacitor 96 and 97 is equated.Switching device 101 and 103,102 and 104,105 and 107,106 and 108 on off state have the relation of " non-".When switching device 101 and 102 conductings, switching device 107 conductings, voltage between the lead-out terminal 113 and 114 on the output filter capacitor 96, suppose 113 for just, as switching device 108 also conducting simultaneously, the voltage on the output filter capacitor 96 and 97 then between the lead-out terminal 113 and 114 is equivalent to export the voltage on the filter capacitor 96 of twice.When switching device 105 and 106 conductings, switching device 103 conductings, voltage between the lead-out terminal 113 and 114 on the output filter capacitor 96,113 for negative, as switching device 104 also conducting simultaneously, the voltage on the output filter capacitor 96 and 97 then between the lead-out terminal 113 and 114 is equivalent to export the voltage on the filter capacitor 96 of twice.
This shows that a current transforming unit of the independent changeable stream of neutral point clamp formula current potential unit power-converting device is equivalent to the output characteristic that two H type current transforming units are cascaded, and can use above-mentioned Waveform generation method, also same problem can occur certainly.
Goal of the invention
Made the present invention in order to improve the problems referred to above.An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of general waveform method for generation that is used for the power-converting device of current potential independence inversion unit composition, current transforming unit, the moment of pulsing and the width of pulse by the control pulsing, improve the harmony of current transforming unit power output, reduce the input harmonics and the output harmonic wave of power-converting device, adjustment is calculated in each output pulse in real time, realize response fast.
In addition; another object of the present invention provides a kind of novel power-converting device; can realize low-loss charging process and low-loss operation that lacks current transforming unit indirectly, protective circuit responded and the operation of uninterrupted output fast when the realization current transforming unit broke down.Content disclosed by the invention
According to the present invention, constitute a kind of like this by a plurality of current potentials independently the power-converting device that combines of current transforming unit realize the Waveform generation method of accurate pulse-width modulation output:
One by the current potential power-converting device that independently current transforming unit is formed in, whether press unit carrier frequency cycle starting point consistent with all current transforming unit groupings, its group number L may be 1, also may equal the total Q of current transforming unit.Weave into a unsteady flow phase at any one lead-out terminal to all current transforming units between the central point, no matter its output is series connection or parallel connection, is provided with M unsteady flow phase.All current transforming unit groups are lined up a team, carry out calculating of exporting duty of ratio of current transforming unit group one by one, go round and begin again with a specific step-length that is spaced apart.This step-length is called system cycle c.The unit carrier frequency cycle C=Lc of any one current transforming unit.When some duty of ratio of carrying out any one current transforming unit are calculated, use its each self-corresponding duty ratio function.
When the current transforming unit group is counted L=1, C=c is arranged, promptly in system cycle all current transforming units send a pulse.
When comprising the current transforming unit that belongs to other unsteady flow phases in the several 1＜L of current transforming unit group＜Q and the some current transforming unit groups, queuing process does not comprise the circulation that belongs to mutually by unsteady flow, as long as evenly arrange by 1 to L order simply.
When not comprising the current transforming unit that belongs to other unsteady flow phases in the several 1＜L of current transforming unit group＜Q and the some current transforming unit groups, the method for current transforming unit queuing is by the circulation of the unsteady flow number of phases, presses the circulation of current transforming unit group number again.
When the current transforming unit group was counted L=Q, promptly the starting point difference in the carrier frequency cycle of each current transforming unit had only a current transforming unit in each current transforming unit group.At this moment, queuing is at first undertaken by the ownership of unsteady flow phase, promptly the 1st current transforming unit belongs to the 1st unsteady flow phase, the 2nd current transforming unit belongs to the 2nd unsteady flow phase so, i current transforming unit belongs to i unsteady flow phase, and so, M current transforming unit belongs to M unsteady flow phase, (M+1) individual current transforming unit is and belongs to the 1st unsteady flow phase, so goes round and begins again.If i has N in mutually iIndividual current transforming unit.Take turns to i unsteady flow phase time at every turn, arrange the 1st current transforming unit the 1st time, arrange the 2nd current transforming unit the 2nd time, arrange j current transforming unit the j time, so, N iThe inferior N that arranges iIndividual current transforming unit, (N i+ 1) inferiorly arranges the 1st current transforming unit again, go round and begin again equally.
If the current transforming unit number that at this moment all unsteady flows comprise mutually equates, N i=N then has C=Lc=Qc=MNc; If the current transforming unit number that i unsteady flow comprises mutually is mutually unequal with other unsteady flow, then the carrier frequency cycle C of the current transforming unit of i unsteady flow phase i=MN iC.
Ij current transforming unit output pulse duty factor function is Y Ij=a IjF i(t), wherein, a IjBe the correction factor of ij current transforming unit, and 0＜a Ij＜1; f i(t) be the basic function of i phase, and-1≤f i(t)≤+ 1; T=cx and x are positive integer.Correction factor a IjComprise that amount of exports phasing voltage amplitude is to the correction of the difference of current transforming unit benchmark DC bus-bar voltage, to the correction of ij the instantaneous DC bus-bar voltage of current transforming unit, to the correction of maximum duty cycle with to the correction of instantaneous output voltage amplitude.
Have only R to work if the current transforming unit number is N, that R is called the working cell number, and R≤N no matter be to adopt the progression of all each phases unified for R or certain progression in mutually is the working method of R, in the current transforming unit of its homophase, has:
C′＝M·R·c
If (N-R) still have current transforming unit to work in the individual current transforming unit, dispense-pulse on these current transforming units in turn so still.
According to the present invention, constitute a kind of like this by a plurality of current potentials Waveform generation method of the power-converting device of the three-phase sine-wave output that forms of H bridging stream unit combination independently:
The angle step of a system cycle: Δ=2 π fc
Real-time phase angle: θ=Δ x and x are the positive integer that constantly increases.
U is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y Uj=a UjCos (θ+α u)
V is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y vj = a vj · cos ( θ - 2 π 3 + α v )
W is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y wj = a wj · cos ( θ + 2 π 3 + α w )
U phase amplitude correction factor: a Uj=vdu Uj
V phase amplitude correction factor: a Vj=vdu Vj
W phase amplitude correction factor: a Wj=vdu Wj
Wherein, f is an output frequency, v is the percentage of current output voltage, d be every current transforming unit in mutually the standard DC bus-bar voltage and the correction factor of the difference of phase voltage amplitude during to specified output, u is the correction factor of the current DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit to the standard DC bus-bar voltage; The maximum of amplitude correction factor is a maximum duty cycle, and 0＜a Ij＜1; α u, α vAnd α wBe the phase place correction angle, when it comprises cell failure with changing phase difference to the lifting of voltage and computing relay etc.
Queuing strategy is first by circulation mutually, and unit number circulation is pressed in the back; If every have three unit in mutually, have: Y U1, Y V1, Y W1, Y U2, Y V2, Y W2, Y U3, Y V3, Y W3
The unit cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C u=3N uC
The unit cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C v=3N vC
The unit cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C w=3N wC
The half-bridge cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C Bu=2C u
The half-bridge cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C Bv=2C v
The half-bridge cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C Bw=2C w
For some H bridging stream unit, unit, pulse generation Calculation Method constantly is that every twice adjacent duty ratio draws the once pulse of left and right sides half-bridge, the cycle of left and right sides half-bridge pulse is identical consistent with starting point, if the duty ratio for twice adjacent calculating of current transforming unit is Y1 and Y2, have:
Left side half-bridge rising edge timer value: Ls = C B 2 ( 1 - Y 1 )
Right half-bridge rising edge timer value: Rs = C B 2 ( 1 + Y 1 )
Left side half-bridge trailing edge timer value: Lx = C B 2 ( 1 + Y 2 )
Right half-bridge trailing edge timer value: Rx = C B 2 ( 1 - Y 2 )
If certain working cell number of exporting pulse in mutually simultaneously is R, so because the reason of control is when making it less than the current transforming unit of this phase sum N, every mutually in (N-R) individual current transforming unit can also use, pulse can also distribute above them successively, just the current transforming unit of working simultaneously has R.The benefit that several aspects are arranged like this: distribute a pulse on the current transforming unit, reason owing to the phase shift of transformer secondary winding, in fact produced the effect of taking turns balanced power taking, can eliminate because close the situation that inlet wire harmonic wave that current transforming unit causes increases; Take turns to operate, can make the heat load balance of each inlet wire transformer secondary output winding and current transforming unit; Make all current transforming units all participate in work, can find the fault current transforming unit early.
If because when having current transforming unit to break down to make R less than the current transforming unit sum N of this phase, if R current transforming unit participates in exporting the requirement that can satisfy output voltage so, control mode can be constant; If can not, can take to change waveform and phase difference or the like measure within the specific limits and compensate the decline that current transforming unit lacks the output voltage amplitude that is caused.
According to the present invention, constitute a kind of like this by a plurality of current potentials independently the three-phase sine-wave output that combines of neutral point clamp current transforming unit power-converting device Waveform generation method:
The output effect of a neutral point clamp current transforming unit is equivalent to the output effect of the H bridging stream unit of two series connection, can be regarded as special case above-mentioned Waveform generation method, that the H bridging stream unit of two homophases is arranged in group.
Forward voltage E of the 1st switching device conducting output of the left bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit, the forward voltage 2E of output twice during the conducting simultaneously of the 4th switching device of its right bridge, first kind of situation can be regarded first H bridging stream unit forward conduction as, and situation can be regarded second H bridging stream unit forward conduction simultaneously as in second; Reverse voltage-E of the 1st switching device conducting output of the right bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit, reverse voltage-the 2E of output twice during the conducting simultaneously of the 4th switching device of its left bridge, first kind of situation can be regarded first H bridging stream unit reverse-conducting as, and situation can be regarded second H bridging stream unit reverse-conducting simultaneously as in second.Its concrete computational process is:
The angle step of a system cycle: Δ=2 π fc
Real-time phase angle: θ=Δ x and x are the positive integer that constantly increases.
U is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y Uj=a UjCos (θ+α u)
V is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y vj = a vj · cos ( θ - 2 π 3 + α v )
W is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y wj = a wj · cos ( θ + 2 π 3 + α w )
U phase amplitude correction factor: a Uj=vdu Uj
V phase amplitude correction factor: a Vj=vdu Vj
W phase amplitude correction factor: a Wj=vdu Wj
Wherein, f is an output frequency, v is the percentage of current output voltage, d be every current transforming unit in mutually the standard DC bus-bar voltage and the correction factor of the difference of phase voltage amplitude during to specified output, u is the correction factor of the current DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit to the standard DC bus-bar voltage.To carry out amplitude limit to the amplitude correction factor and calculate, make it to be not more than maximum duty cycle, and 0＜a Ij＜1, α u, α vAnd α wBe the phase place correction angle, when it comprises cell failure with changing phase difference to the lifting of voltage and computing relay etc.
Queuing strategy is to circulate by the unsteady flow number of phases earlier, and the back is by single number of tuples circulation; If every have 2 unit in mutually, have: Y U1, Y V1, Y W1, Y U2, Y V2, Y W2
The unit cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C u=3N uC
The unit cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C v=3N vC
The unit cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C W=3N wC
For some neutral point clamp current transforming units, pulse generation Calculation Method constantly is the pulse of opening that each duty ratio draws once the 1st or the 4th switching device in the half-bridge of the left and right sides, its work period is the unit cycle, the 1st with the cycle of opening of the 4th switching device be identical consistent with starting point, have:
The rising edge of a pulse timer value: S = C 2 ( 1 - Y )
Pulse trailing edge timer value: X = C 2 ( 1 + Y )
Have 2E or-2E when output, the 1st switching device of the 1st switching device of the left bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit or right bridge is to keep conducting.
If certain working cell number of exporting pulse in mutually simultaneously is R, so because the reason of control is when making it less than the current transforming unit of this phase sum N, every mutually in (N-R) individual current transforming unit can also use, pulse can also distribute above them successively, just the current transforming unit of working simultaneously has R.The benefit that several aspects are arranged like this: distribute a pulse on the current transforming unit, reason owing to the phase shift of transformer secondary winding, in fact produced the effect of taking turns balanced power taking, can eliminate because close the situation that inlet wire harmonic wave that current transforming unit causes increases; Take turns to operate, can make the heat load balance of each inlet wire transformer secondary output winding and current transforming unit; Make all current transforming units all participate in work, can find the fault current transforming unit early.
If because when having current transforming unit to break down to make R less than the current transforming unit sum N of this phase, if R current transforming unit participates in exporting the requirement that can satisfy output voltage so, control mode can be constant; If can not, can take to change waveform and phase difference or the like measure within the specific limits and compensate the decline that current transforming unit lacks the output voltage amplitude that is caused.
According to the present invention, constitute a kind of waveform generator controller that is applied to the power-converting device of independent current potential current transforming unit composition:
This waveform generator controller comprises primary module, computing module, distribution module, bus module, simple modeling piece, the real module of calculating.Primary module be responsible for system cycle generation and with the communication of last level controlling system; Distribution module is determined the pairing current transforming unit group of calculating or the current transforming unit of current system cycle according to above-mentioned Waveform generation method; Computing module is used pairing duty ratio function and is carried out duty ratio calculating and unit carrier frequency computation of Period; Bus module is issued internal bus with the result of distribution module and computing module, and the DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit is passed to computing module; Letter modeling piece is intercepted and captured the duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle parameter of institute corresponding unit own, issues the pairing real module of calculating by communication modes; The real module of calculating is present in each current transforming unit controller, with duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle realification that simple modeling piece is sent, becomes the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole.Letter modeling piece and the real medium of communication of calculating between the module can be optical fiber, also can adopt electromagnetic wave.The quantity of letter modeling piece is identical with the quantity of current transforming unit.
The waveform generator controller that is applied to have the power-converting device that the independent current potential current transforming unit of source filter function forms also comprises the input phase module, the input phase module is issued the real module of calculating with the phase place of three-phase alternating-current supply by bus module, simple modeling piece, medium of communication, is used for the control to active filter circuit.
In order to reach described goal of the invention, changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device comprises that 1 of total Q group three-phase secondary winding or S three-phase inlet wire transformer, waveform generator controller and M unsteady flow are mutually, output one end of M unsteady flow phase is connected in a bit, and the M that M other end forms changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device exports mutually.
The H bridging stream unit that a described M unsteady flow is imported single-phase output by Q three-phase is formed; each unsteady flow has in mutually the lead-out terminal of a H bridging stream unit and 1 protected location to be connected in parallel to form gang; the lead-out terminal of b such family is cascaded successively again; the current transforming unit of each phase is counted N=ab, current transforming unit sum Q=MN.
The three-phase secondary winding number of described 1 three-phase inlet wire transformer is that the three-phase secondary winding number of Q group or S three-phase inlet wire transformer is Group, its single or S elementary winding joins with power frequency AC, and the connection that is adopted among S elementary winding can difference, and secondary winding can exist phase shift also can not have phase shift; It is can be one by one or agglomeratingly carry out phase shift that phase shift is arranged between the secondary winding, and the secondary winding angle of phase displacement in each group is identical, and the summation of the difference of the phase shifting angle between the difference of the phase shifting angle between every group of secondary winding or group and the group is 60 to spend;
The H bridging stream unit that described three-phase is imported single-phase output comprises when having phase shift between inlet wire transformer secondary output winding: current transforming unit controller, three-phase input end, common along the output switch that becomes single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that bridge, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output between exporting with an inverter bridge leg;
The H bridging stream unit that described three-phase is imported single-phase output comprises when having phase shift between inlet wire transformer secondary output winding: three-phase input end, active power filtering are along the output switch that becomes single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that bridge, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output between exporting with an inverter bridge leg;
Described DC filter comprises conjugation direct current reactor and filter capacitor; Described output switch can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use;
Described three-phase is imported the common of single-phase output current transforming unit and is comprised 3 stage overcurrent protection device, three-phase half control rectifier bridge, three-phase parallel type constant current charger, hangs over three or two current transformers and the suitable controller that becomes on the three-phase incoming line along becoming bridge; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of two or three fast acting fuses or two or three pairs of contacts; Described along becoming DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger realize charging process of controller according to the DC filter two ends, close the half control rectifier bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected; Described three-phase parallel type constant current charger comprises three ballast electric capacity and a three-phase commutation bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this three-phase commutation bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge;
The active power filtering that described three-phase is imported single-phase output current transforming unit is along the three-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge, three-phase tandem constant current charger and the active power filtering controller that become fast acting fuse that bridge comprised overcurrent protection, be made up of the controlled shutoff semiconductor switch device of gate pole; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling three-phase tandem constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described three-phase tandem constant current charger comprises the short switch of three ballast electric capacity, three pairs of contacts and the disconnect of three pairs of contacts at least;
Described current transforming unit controller comprises communication module, real module, acquisition control module and the switching device driver module calculated down as the part of waveform generator controller; Described down communication module be responsible for and the last communication module of simple modeling piece between carry out exchanges data, described real duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle timerization that module is sent simple modeling piece of calculating, become the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole, described switching device driver module is given switching device with this pulse signal, described acquisition control module is responsible for the control of current transforming unit data acquisition and charging circuit etc., also is responsible for the phase place of power frequency AC is exchanged to the active power filtering controller;
Described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch and an electronic switch that is connected in parallel on this electric-controlled mechanical switch, these two switches obtained close command simultaneously when current transforming unit broke down, make complete machine continue operation the output short circuit of this or current transforming unit of the same clan with it, utilize two kinds of different characteristics of switch to solve quick-make and the long playing contradiction of low-loss, it is characterized in that the capacity of the capacity of this electronic switch less than this mechanical switch, the close command of protected location can be from the current transforming unit controller, the overvoltage of itself detects, itself by the sensitive switch of the position operation of current transforming unit or waveform generator controller simultaneously or obtain respectively;
Perhaps; described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch, be connected in parallel on a high-power overvoltage on this electric-controlled mechanical switch from conducting device, string at current sensor and the protection controller of this overvoltage on the loop of conducting device, the protection controller made this electric-controlled mechanical switch closure when current sensor was examined the existing of current signal of certain width.
In order to reach described goal of the invention, changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device comprises that inlet wire transformer, waveform generator controller and M unsteady flow that total Q organizes 1 of single-phase secondary winding or S three-phase or single-phase input are mutually, output one end of M unsteady flow phase is connected in a bit, and the M that M other end forms changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device exports mutually.
A described M unsteady flow is made up of the current transforming unit of Q the single-phase output of single-phase input; each unsteady flow has in mutually the lead-out terminal of a current transforming unit and 1 protected location to be connected in parallel to form gang; the lead-out terminal of b such family is cascaded successively again; the current transforming unit of each phase is counted N=ab, current transforming unit sum Q=MN.
The single-phase secondary winding number of the inlet wire transformer of described 1 three-phase or single-phase input is that the single-phase secondary winding number of Q group or S three-phase inlet wire transformer is Group, its single or S elementary winding joins with power frequency AC, the connection that is adopted among S elementary winding during the three-phase input can difference and all single-phase secondary winding to be evenly distributed on the three-phase;
The current transforming unit of the single-phase output of described single-phase input comprises: the current transforming unit controller, single-phase input, one or two fast acting fuse, single-phase series formula constant current charger, four gate pole stopcock devices and four suitable bridges that become of single-phase full control that the antiparallel fly-wheel diode of difference is formed, the active power filtering controller, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four single-phase output H type inverter bridge that the antiparallel fly-wheel diode of difference is formed, single-phase output and be connected an output and the output of inverter bridge leg between the output switch; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling single-phase series formula constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described single-phase series formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity, a short switch and a disconnect at least;
Perhaps, the current transforming unit of the single-phase output of described single-phase input comprises: current transforming unit controller, single-phase overcurrent protective device, single-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, circuit of power factor correction, parallel single-phase formula constant current charger, hang over single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that current transformer on the single-phase incoming line and active power filtering controller, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output output switch between exporting with an inverter bridge leg; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of a pair of or two pairs of contacts of a fast acting fuse or; Described active power filtering controller is according to DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger is realized charging process at DC filter two ends, close the half control rectifier bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected, in addition, realize active power filtering according to the phase signal power controlling factor correcting circuit of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described circuit of power factor correction comprises an inductance, a switching device and a non-return diode; Described parallel single-phase formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity and a single-phase rectification bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this single-phase rectification bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge;
Described DC filter comprises conjugation direct current reactor and filter capacitor; Described output switch can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use;
Described current transforming unit controller comprises communication module, real module, acquisition control module and the switching device driver module calculated down as the part of waveform generator controller; Described down communication module be responsible for and the last communication module of simple modeling piece between carry out exchanges data, described real duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle timerization that module is sent simple modeling piece of calculating, become the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole, described switching device driver module is given switching device with this pulse signal, described acquisition control module is responsible for the control of current transforming unit data acquisition and charging circuit etc., also is responsible for the phase place of power frequency AC is exchanged to the active power filtering controller;
Described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch and an electronic switch that is connected in parallel on this electric-controlled mechanical switch, these two switches obtained close command simultaneously when current transforming unit broke down, make complete machine continue operation the output short circuit of this or current transforming unit of the same clan with it, utilize two kinds of different characteristics of switch to solve quick-make and the long playing contradiction of low-loss, it is characterized in that the capacity of the capacity of this electronic switch less than this mechanical switch, the close command of protected location can be from the current transforming unit controller, the overvoltage of itself detects, itself by the sensitive switch of the position operation of current transforming unit or waveform generator controller simultaneously or obtain respectively;
Perhaps; described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch, be connected in parallel on a high-power overvoltage on this electric-controlled mechanical switch from conducting device, string at current sensor and the protection controller of this overvoltage on the loop of conducting device, the protection controller made this electric-controlled mechanical switch closure when current sensor was examined the existing of current signal of certain width.
According to the present invention, constitute six switched power converting means of a kind of like this three-phase input three-phase output, comprising: controller, three-phase input end, three-phase are along becoming bridge, DC filter, six gate pole stopcock devices and four three-phase output H type inverter bridge, three-phase output ends that the antiparallel fly-wheel diode of difference is formed;
The three-phase of six switched power converting means of described three-phase input three-phase output comprises 3 stage overcurrent protection device, three-phase half control rectifier bridge, three-phase parallel type constant current charger, hangs over three current transformers and the suitable controller that becomes on the three-phase incoming line along becoming bridge; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of three fast acting fuses or three pairs of contacts; Described along becoming DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger realize charging process of controller according to the DC filter two ends, close the half control d-c bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected; Described three-phase parallel type constant current charger comprises three ballast electric capacity and a three-phase commutation bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this three-phase commutation bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge.
Perhaps, the three-phase of six switched power converting means of described three-phase input three-phase output is along the three-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge, three-phase tandem constant current charger and the active power filtering controller that become fast acting fuse that bridge comprised overcurrent protection, be made up of the controlled shutoff semiconductor switch device of gate pole; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling three-phase tandem constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described three-phase tandem constant current charger comprises the short switch of three ballast electric capacity, three pairs of contacts and the disconnect of three pairs of contacts at least.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main circuit diagram that adopts a transformer traditionally;
Fig. 2 is the main circuit diagram that adopts three transformers traditionally;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of current transforming unit traditionally;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram that adopts a kind of current transforming unit of full-controlled rectifier;
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram along the change bridge that adopts a kind of full-controlled rectifier;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram along the change bridge that adopts a kind of full-controlled rectifier;
Fig. 7 adopts the inverter bridge circuit diagram of GTO as switching device;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram that adopts the protected location of electronic switch;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram that adopts the protected location of mechanical switch;
Figure 10 is a kind of current transforming unit circuit diagram with charging circuit;
Figure 11 is a kind of current transforming unit circuit diagram with secondary bridge charging circuit;
Figure 12 is that schematic diagram takes place heap wave-wave shape;
Figure 13 is a multiple pulse width modulation waveform generation schematic diagram;
Figure 14 is a multiple pulse width modulation waveform generator controller structure chart;
Figure 15 is a bidirectional switch formula current potential independence current transforming unit type power converter main circuit diagram;
Figure 16 is the circuit diagram of bidirectional switch formula current potential independence current transforming unit;
Figure 17 is the circuit diagram of the switching device of bidirectional switch formula current potential independence current transforming unit;
Figure 18 is the distributed current potential independence of a transformer current transforming unit type power converter main circuit diagram;
Figure 19 is the distributed current potential independence of a transformer current transforming unit circuit diagram;
Figure 20 is a neutral point clamp formula current potential independence current transforming unit type power converter main circuit diagram;
Figure 21 is a neutral point clamp formula current transforming unit circuit diagram;
Figure 22 has phase shift not have the main circuit diagram of H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel;
Figure 23 is the waveform generation schematic diagram that no phase shift does not have H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel;
Figure 24 has phase shift that the main circuit diagram of H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel is arranged;
Figure 25 is the main circuit diagram that no phase shift has H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel;
Figure 26 is the main circuit diagram that no phase shift does not have single-phase H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel;
Figure 27 is the main circuit diagram that no phase shift has single-phase H bridging stream unit power-converting device in parallel;
Figure 28 is the circuit diagram of three-phase input H bridging stream unit;
Figure 29 is that three-phase input fuse does not have filtering along the circuit diagram that becomes bridge;
Figure 30 is that three-phase input circuit breaker does not have filtering along the circuit diagram that becomes bridge;
Figure 31 is that three-phase input active power filtering is along the circuit diagram that becomes bridge;
Figure 32 is the circuit diagram of the H bridging stream unit of single-phase input active power filtering;
Figure 33 is the circuit diagram of the H bridging stream unit of single-phase input diode rectification active power filtering;
Figure 34 is the circuit diagram of three-phase and parallel single-phase formula charging circuit;
Figure 35 is the circuit diagram of three-phase and single-phase series formula charging circuit;
Figure 36 is a kind of circuit diagram of protected location
Figure 37 is the circuit diagram of another kind of protected location
Figure 38 is the schematic diagram of protected location mechanical switch possibility;
Figure 39 is the circuit diagram of protected location electronic switch possibility;
Figure 40 is the schematic diagram of a three-phase sine-wave output of Waveform generation method of the present invention;
Figure 41 is a H bridge inversion unit of the present invention left and right sides half-bridge waveform relationship schematic diagram;
Figure 42 is the functional structure chart of waveform generator controller of the present invention;
Figure 43 is a diode clamp power-converting device main circuit diagram;
Figure 44 is the circuit diagram of diode clamp current transforming unit;
Figure 45 is six switch main circuit of converter figure;
Following with reference to each accompanying drawing, wherein identical label is represented components identical or parts, describes embodiments of the invention in detail.
Figure 22 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 1st embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that power frequency AC 121, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 122, a Q three-phase import the M that common H bridging flows unit 123, each current transforming unit 123 pairing protected locations 124 and this power-converting device and export 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=1, unit number a=1 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=9.
In Figure 22; three-phase is imported common H bridging stream unit 123 its common output 134 of back that is connected with its pairing protected location 124 and is linked to each other in turn with 135 and form a unsteady flow mutually; as 131 among Figure 22,132 and 133, M unsteady flow connects back formation M at mid point and exports 125 mutually.
In Figure 22, the elementary winding 126 of three-phase inlet wire transformer 122 can adopt star or dihedral connection, and its Q three-phase secondary winding 127 is divided into some groups by the difference of phase shifting angle, is divided into 3 groups in Figure 22, and promptly 128,129 and 130; Group is identical with the difference of phase shifting angle between the group, the phase shift differential seat angle and be 60 to spend; Secondary winding 127 is three phase winding phase shifts one by one also, but the phase shift differential seat angle and still be 60 the degree; All three-phase secondary winding 127 insert the input 191 that corresponding three-phase is imported common H bridging stream unit 123 respectively, general same group secondary winding connects the current transforming unit that different unsteady flows go up mutually, as organize secondary winding in 128 connect respectively mutually 131, mutually 132 with the current transforming unit 123 in 133 mutually.
The structure that three-phase is imported common H bridging stream unit 123 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the of the present invention the 7th and the 15th embodiment.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 1st embodiment to be: input adopts phase shift to form passive many wave heads power taking, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is less; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
In Figure 23; three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 is connected afterwards, and its common output 143 links to each other in turn with 144 and forms a unsteady flow mutually with its pairing protected location 124; as 140 among Figure 23,141 and 142; this M unsteady flow be the end formation mid point that links mutually, and the other end forms M and exports 125 mutually.
Figure 23 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 2nd embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that the M of power frequency AC 121, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 136, a Q three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139, each three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 pairing protected locations 124 and this power-converting device exports 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=1, unit number a=1 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=9.
In Figure 23, the elementary winding 137 of three-phase inlet wire transformer 136 can adopt star or dihedral connection; Its secondary winding 138 can adopt dihedral or star connection, inserts the input of corresponding three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 respectively.
The structure of three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the of the present invention the 7th and the 15th embodiment.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 2nd embodiment to be: to cancel the phase shift of inlet wire transformer 136 secondary winding, simplified transformer device structure, reduced the transformer manufacturing cost; Utilize the function of three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139, realize the energy feedback and, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is met the requirements, be suitable for the requirement that the small-power type reduces volume and reduces weight the control of DC bus-bar voltage; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 24 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 3rd embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that the M of power frequency AC 121, a S overcurrent protective device 145,146 and 147, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 148,149 and 150, Q common H bridging stream unit 123, a b protected location and this power-converting device exports 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=3, unit number a=2 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=18.
In Figure 24; three-phase is imported three-phase that common H bridging stream unit 123 is adjacent and is imported and link to each other in turn with protected location 124 parallel connections after the output parallel connection of common H bridging stream unit 123 again again and form one mutually; each connects the back at mid point and forms three-phase and export, and exports 125 mutually to M.
In Figure 24,3 three-phase inlet wire transformers 148,149 and 150 elementary winding 151,152 and 153 can adopt star or dihedral connection, be subjected to separately overcurrent protective device 145,146 and 147 protection, its secondary winding 154,155 is divided into some groups with 156 by the different of phase shifting angle, in Figure 24, respectively be divided into 3 groups, group is identical with the difference of phase shifting angle between the group, the phase shift differential seat angle and be 60 to spend; Secondary winding 154,155 and 156 is three phase winding phase shifts one by one also, but the phase shift differential seat angle and still be 60 the degree; All three-phase secondary winding 154,155 and 156 insert the input that corresponding three-phase is imported common H bridging stream unit 123 respectively.
The structure of three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 123 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the of the present invention the 7th and the 15th embodiment.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 3rd embodiment to be: input adopts phase shift to form passive many wave heads power taking, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is less; The parallel connection of a plurality of current transforming unit output helps to obtain good output current ability and waveform; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 25 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 4th embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that the M of power frequency AC 121, a S overcurrent protective device 145,146 and 147, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 157,158 and 159, Q three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139, a b protected location and this power-converting device exports 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=3, unit number a=2 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=18.
In Figure 25; link to each other in turn with protected location 124 parallel connections after the output parallel connection of the three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 that three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 is adjacent again again and form one mutually, each connects back formation M at mid point and exports 125 mutually.
In Figure 25,3 three-phase inlet wire transformers 157,158 and 159 elementary winding 160,161 and 162 can adopt star or dihedral connection, be subjected to separately overcurrent protective device 145,146 and 147 protection, its secondary winding 163,164 and 165 can adopt star or dihedral connection; All three-phase secondary winding 154,155 and 156 insert the input of corresponding three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 respectively.
The structure of three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the of the present invention the 7th and the 15th embodiment.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 4th embodiment to be: to cancel the phase shift of inlet wire transformer secondary output winding, simplified transformer device structure, reduced the transformer manufacturing cost; Utilize the function of three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139, realize the energy feedback and, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is met the requirements the control of DC bus-bar voltage; The parallel connection of a plurality of current transforming unit output helps to obtain good output current wave; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 26 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 5th embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that the M of power frequency AC 121, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 166, Q single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167, protected location 124 and this power-converting device exports 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=1, unit number a=1 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=9.
In Figure 26, the elementary winding 126 of three-phase inlet wire transformer 166 can adopt star or dihedral connection, shown in the figure is star connection, and the whole single-phase outputs of its secondary winding insert the input that corresponding single-phase input active power filtering H bridging flows unit 167 respectively; Single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 its common output 171 of back that is connected with its pairing protected location 124 links to each other in turn with 172 and forms one mutually, and as 168 among the figure, 169 and 170, each formation M after mid point connects exports 125 mutually.
The secondary winding of the homophase of three-phase inlet wire transformer 166 inserts the input of out of phase single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 respectively, figure 26 illustrates the single-phase secondary winding access that belongs to the A phase and belongs to U phase, V phase and W active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 mutually respectively; The single-phase secondary winding that belongs to the B phase inserts and belongs to U phase, V phase and W active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 mutually respectively; The single-phase secondary winding that belongs to the C phase inserts and belongs to U phase, V phase and W active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 mutually respectively.
The structure of single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the 11st, the 12nd and the 15th embodiment of the present invention.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 5th embodiment to be: cancelled the phase shift of inlet wire transformer secondary output winding, secondary winding adopts single-phase output, has simplified transformer device structure greatly, has reduced the transformer manufacturing cost; Utilize the function of single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167, realize the energy feedback and, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is met the requirements the control of DC bus-bar voltage; Be suitable for the requirement that the small-power type reduces volume and reduces weight; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 27 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 6th embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that the M of power frequency AC 121, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 173, Q single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167, a b protected location 124 and this power-converting device exports 125 mutually.Shown in the figure is a kind of special case that the inlet wire transformer is counted S=1, unit number a=2 in parallel, series unit progression b=3, unsteady flow number of phases M=3 and current transforming unit sum Q=18.
In Figure 27, the elementary winding of three-phase inlet wire transformer 173 can adopt star or dihedral connection, and the whole single-phase outputs of its secondary winding insert the input that corresponding single-phase input active power filtering H bridging flows unit 167 respectively; Link to each other in turn after the output parallel connection of the single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream of a unit 167 and 1 protected location again and form one mutually, each connects back formation M at mid point and exports 125 mutually.
The structure of single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the 11st, the 12nd and the 15th embodiment of the present invention.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 6th embodiment to be: to cancel the phase shift of inlet wire transformer secondary output winding, used single-phase output, simplified transformer device structure greatly, reduced the transformer manufacturing cost; Utilize the function of single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 167, realize the energy feedback and, and the inlet wire harmonic wave is met the requirements the control of DC bus-bar voltage; The parallel connection of a plurality of current transforming unit output helps to obtain good output current ability and waveform; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 28 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 7th embodiment, and the three-phase input H bridging stream unit shown in it comprises that three-phase input end 191, three-phase are along becoming bridge 192, filter circuit 193, single-phase H type inverter bridge 194, current transforming unit controller 195, output switch 196 and single-phase output 197,198.
In Figure 28, three-phase is 211 and 212 along the output that becomes bridge 192, and it can have various ways, describes in detail in the 8th, the 9th and the 10th embodiment; DC filtering circuit 193 is made up of conjugation direct current reactor 200 and filtering capacitor 209, filtering capacitor 209 generally by a plurality of electric capacity by the series connection and compose in parallel; Single-phase H type inverter bridge 194 comprises by the series connection of four semiconductor switch devices and composes in parallel bridge inverter main circuit then, promptly 201 and 202,203 and 204, and be connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode 205,206,207,208 on each switching device; Output switch 196 can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use; Current transforming unit controller 195 is 199 that send according to medium of communication, the order of waveform generator controller 120, comprise duty ratio and unit carrier frequency cycle information, the operating state of control semiconductor switch device 201 to 204 will be passed 120 substitutions of waveform generator controller back by medium of communication by the DC bus-bar voltage at 210 filtering capacitor 209 two ends of gathering and calculate.
Three-phase input H bridging stream unit shown in Figure 28 can develop and different forms, when three-phase wherein adopts the circuit of the 8th embodiment and the 9th embodiment along change bridge 192, is three-phase and imports common H bridging stream unit 123; When three-phase wherein adopts the circuit of the 10th embodiment along change bridge 192, be three-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit 139.
Figure 29 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 8th embodiment, and it shows along a kind of circuit that becomes bridge 192, comprises three-phase input end 191, inlet wire fuse 213, half control rectifier bridge 214, parallel charging circuit 215, suitable controller 216 and output 211 and 212 of becoming.
In Figure 29, half control rectifier bridge 214 is made up of three rectifier diodes and three thyratron transistors; Along the gate pole that becomes three thyratron transistors in the controller 216 control half control rectifier bridges 214, the operating state of these three thyratron transistors of signal deciding by 220 DC bus-bar voltage that transmit and the 217 current transforming unit controllers 195 that transmit; The three-phase alternating current input of parallel charging circuit 215 is 218, and dc output end is 219, obtains along becoming the charging start stop signal that controller 216 sends by 221 when adopting controlled charging modes.
Figure 30 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 9th embodiment; it shows along the another kind of circuit that becomes bridge 192, comprises three-phase input end 191, overcurrent protector 222, three current transformers 223, half control rectifier bridge 214, parallel charging circuit 215, along becoming controller 224 and output 211 and 212.
In Figure 30, overcurrent protector 222 can be three fuses, also can be the circuit breaker of three pairs of contacts or two pairs of contacts; Half control rectifier bridge 214 is made up of three rectifier diodes and three thyratron transistors; Along the gate pole that becomes three thyratron transistors in the controller 224 control half control rectifier bridges 214; signal by DC bus-bar voltage between 211 and 212 and the 225 current transforming unit controllers 195 that transmit; along the keying that becomes controller 224 these three thyratron transistors of decision; in addition; the signal that transmits by three current transformers 223; when taking place, turn-offs overcurrent three thyratron transistors along becoming controller 224, the overcurrent protector 222 in the time of can also disconnecting the use circuit breaker by 227 in case of necessity.The three-phase alternating current input of parallel charging circuit 215 is 218, and dc output end is 219, when adopting controlled charging modes, obtains along becoming the charging start stop signal that controller 216 sends by 221.
Figure 31 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 10th embodiment, and it shows along the another kind of circuit that becomes bridge 192, comprises three-phase input end 191, fast acting fuse 213, serial connection charge circuit 228, full-controlled rectifier bridge 229, suitable controller 230 and output 211 and 212 of becoming.
In Figure 31, form with it by the fly-wheel diode and three AC reactor of string on ac input end of reverse parallel connection by six semiconductor switch devices and six for full-controlled rectifier bridge 229, semiconductor switch device is generally selected igbt for use, and three AC reactor can replace with the leakage inductance of inlet wire transformer; Along becoming six semiconductor switch devices in the controller 230 control full-controlled rectifier bridges 229, according to the active power filtering of realizing rectification state by 231 phase signals of sending here from the current transforming unit controller, control feedback according to the DC bus-bar voltage between output 211 and 212, in addition, directly control the operating state of serial connection charge circuit along becoming controller 230; The detailed description of serial connection charge circuit 228 is seen the 14th embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 32 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 11st embodiment, the another kind of circuit that it shows single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit comprises single-phase input 232, fast acting fuse 233, single-phase series charging circuit 234, full-controlled rectifier bridge 235, suitable controller 236, DC filtering circuit 193, single-phase H type inverter bridge 194, current transforming unit controller 195, output switch 196 and single- phase output 197 and 198 of becoming.
In Figure 32, form with it by the fly-wheel diode and the AC reactor of string on ac input end of reverse parallel connection by four semiconductor switch devices and four for full-controlled rectifier bridge 235, semiconductor switch device is generally selected igbt for use, and AC reactor can replace with the leakage inductance of inlet wire transformer; Output switch 196 can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use; Along becoming four semiconductor switch devices in the controller 236 control full-controlled rectifier bridges 235, according to the active power filtering of realizing rectification state by 237 phase signals of sending here from current transforming unit controller 195, realize the inversion of regenerating condition according to DC bus-bar voltage, in addition, directly control the operating state of single-phase series charging circuit along becoming controller 236; Filter circuit 193 is made up of conjugation direct current reactor 200 and filtering capacitor 209, filtering capacitor 209 generally by a plurality of electric capacity by the series connection and compose in parallel; Single-phase H type inverter bridge 194 comprises four semiconductor switch devices and is connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode on each switching device; The instruction of the waveform generator controller 120 that current transforming unit controller 195 sends according to medium of communication 199, comprise duty ratio and unit carrier frequency cycle information, the on off state of control semiconductor switch device, and pass the DC bus-bar voltage at filtering capacitor 209 two ends back waveform generator controller 120 substitution waveforms by medium of communication 199 and calculate; The detailed description of single-phase series charging circuit 234 is seen the 14th embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 33 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 12nd embodiment; the another kind of circuit that it shows single-phase input active power filtering H bridging stream unit comprises single-phase input 232, overcurrent protector 247, current transformer 258, half control rectifier bridge 248, parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 250, suitable controller 249, active filter circuit 251, dc filter capacitor 252, single-phase H type inverter bridge 194, current transforming unit controller 195, output switch 196 and single- phase output 197 and 198 of becoming.
In Figure 33, overcurrent protector 247 can be one or two fuse, and also can be one has circuit breakers pair of contact or two pairs of contacts; Half control rectifier bridge 248 is made up of two thyratron transistors and two rectifier diodes; Output switch 196 can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use; Along the gate pole that becomes two thyratron transistors in the controller 249 control half control rectifier bridges 248, command signal by DC bus-bar voltage and the 257 current transforming unit controllers 195 that transmit, along the keying that becomes controller 249 these two thyratron transistors of decision, in addition, the signal that transmits by current transformer 258, when overcurrent takes place input 232, turn-off two thyratron transistors along becoming controller 249, can also directly disconnect the overcurrent protector 247 when using circuit breaker in case of necessity, in addition, according to by the 257 phase signal control active filter circuits of sending here from current transforming unit controller 195 251, in addition, also directly control the operating state of single-phase series charging circuit along becoming controller 249; Active filter circuit 251 is made up of the fly-wheel diode 256 of dc inductance 253, non-return diode 254, switching device 255 and reverse parallel connection thereof; The DC filtering circuit has only dc filter capacitor 252 to get final product, filter capacitor 252 generally by a plurality of electric capacity by the series connection and compose in parallel; Half-bridge converter 237 comprises the bridge inverter main circuit of being made up of four semiconductor switch devices and is connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode on each switching device; Current transforming unit controller 195 obtains all instructions of waveform generator controller 120 by medium of communication 199, comprise duty ratio and unit carrier frequency cycle information, the on off state of the semiconductor switch device of control in the half-bridge converter 194, and pass the DC bus-bar voltage at filtering capacitor 252 two ends back waveform generator controller 120 by medium of communication 199 and the substitution waveform calculates; The detailed description of parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 250 is seen the 13rd embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 34 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 13rd embodiment, and it shows several examples of three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215 and parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 250.Several examples of following three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215 and parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 234 can be applied to hand in orthogonal type low voltage frequency converter or the power supply.
What Figure 34 (a) illustrated is the principle electrical circuit of three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215, and three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215 comprises end of incoming cables 218, inlet wire fuse 261, charging capacitor 262, three-phase charge secondary bridge 263, outlet fuse 264 and leading-out terminal 219 among Figure 34 (a).This electric capacity that utilizes is that no heater members, charging current are controlled easily, the device capacity is less as constant-current source to the advantage of the method for filter capacitor charging, and cost is lower.
What Figure 34 (b) illustrated is a kind of improved circuit of three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215, and three-phase parallel type charging circuit 215 comprises end of incoming cables 218, inlet wire fuse 261, charging capacitor 262, discharge resistance 265, sluggish resistance 266, three-phase charge secondary bridge 263, charging control switch 267 and leading-out terminal 219 among Figure 34 (b).Charging capacitor 262 plays constant-current source; The effect of discharge resistance 265 is when this charging circuit quits work the electric charge in the charging capacitor 262 to be bled off; Sluggish resistance 266 is in order to control the rising characteristic of charging current; The charge effect of secondary bridge 263 of three-phase is rectifications; Charging control switch 267 begins or the charge closing process under the effect of its solenoid, if do not control charging process, charging control switch 267 can change fuse into or the secondary bridge of charging is directly exported.The circuit of Figure 34 (b) is except that the advantage of the circuit with Figure 34 (a), and the temporal properties of its charging current are better, does not have residual charge in the charging capacitor 262 when quitting work.
What Figure 34 (c) illustrated is a kind of example of parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 250, and parallel single-phase formula charging circuit 250 comprises end of incoming cables 259, inlet wire fuse 261, charging capacitor 262, discharge resistance 265, sluggish resistance 266, the secondary bridge 269 of single-phase charging, charging control switch 267 and leading-out terminal 260 among Figure 34 (c).Charging capacitor 262 plays constant-current source; The effect of discharge resistance 265 is when this charging circuit quits work the electric charge in the charging capacitor 262 to be bled off; Sluggish resistance 266 is in order to control the rising characteristic of charging current; The effect of the secondary bridge 269 of single-phase charging is rectifications; Charging control switch 267 begins or the charge closing process under the effect of its solenoid, if do not control charging process, charging control switch 267 can change fuse into or the secondary bridge of charging is directly exported.
Figure 35 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 14th embodiment, and it shows several examples of three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228 and single-phase series charging circuit 234.Several examples of following three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228 and single-phase series charging circuit 234 can be applied to hand in orthogonal type low voltage frequency converter or the power supply.
What Figure 35 (a) illustrated is the principle electrical circuit of three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228.Three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228 comprises the disconnecting relay 272 of end of incoming cables 270, charging capacitor 271, three pairs of contacts, the excision contactor 273 and the leading-out terminal 274 of three pairs of main contactss among Figure 35 (a).The disconnecting relay 272 of three pairs of contacts is closed and the excision contactor 273 of three pairs of main contactss is opened for charged state, and the disconnecting relay 272 of three pairs of contacts is opened and the excision contactor 273 of three pairs of main contactss is closed is operating state.This electric capacity that utilizes is that no heater members, charging current are controlled easily as constant-current source to the advantage of the method for filter capacitor charging.
What Figure 35 (b) illustrated is a practicality example of three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228.Three-phase serial connection charge circuit 228 comprises the disconnecting relay 277 of end of incoming cables 270, charging capacitor 271, three pairs of normally-open normally-close contacts, excision contactor 273, retardance resistance 275, filter resistance 276 and the leading-out terminal 274 of three pairs of main contactss among Figure 35 (b).The disconnecting relay 277 of three pairs of normally-open normally-close contacts is closed and the excision contactor 273 of three pairs of main contactss is opened for charged state, the disconnecting relay 277 of three pairs of normally-open normally-close contacts is opened and the excision contactor 273 of three pairs of main contactss is closed is operating state, because the effect of disconnecting relay 277 normally-closed contacts of three pairs of normally-open normally-close contacts, charging capacitor 271 is connected with filter resistance 276 and is formed star connection and in the input circuit of current transforming unit, play filtering during operating state.The circuit that Figure 35 (b) illustrates not only has the advantage of the circuit that Figure 35 (a) illustrates, and charging capacitor 271 obtains multiplexingly, has improved the filtering condition of current transforming unit input.
What Figure 35 (c) illustrated is a practicality example of single-phase series charging circuit 234.The middle three-phase serial connection charge circuit 234 of Figure 35 (c) comprises end of incoming cables 277, charging capacitor 271, the disconnecting relay 277 of normally-open normally-close contact, excision contactor 273, retardance resistance 275, filter resistance 276 and leading-out terminal 278 is arranged.Disconnecting relay 277 is closed and excision contactor 273 is opened for charged state, disconnecting relay 277 is opened and excised contactor 273 closures is operating state, because the effect of disconnecting relay 277 normally-closed contacts, after charging capacitor 271 is connected with filter resistance 276 during operating state and in the input circuit of current transforming unit, play filtering.
Figure 36, Figure 37, Figure 38 and Figure 39 are the circuit diagrams of the present invention the 15th embodiment, and it shows several examples of the circuit of protected location 124.
Shown in Figure 36 is a kind of circuit of protected location 124.Among Figure 36, protected location 124 comprises end of incoming cables 197 and 198, electric-controlled mechanical switch 281, electronic switch 282 and protection control board 283.End of incoming cables 197 is identical with the output label of current transforming unit with 198, represents that it is connected in parallel; Protection control board 283 can be accepted the instruction of waveform generator controller 120 by media 284, can be by 285 controls of accepting the current transforming unit controller, in addition, whether protection control board 283 moves according to decision mechanical switch 281 of the voltage between line end 197 and 198 and electronic switch 282, during protected location 124 actions, mechanical switch 281 and electronic switch 282 driving of protected control board 283 simultaneously, internal resistance is big owing to the quick action of electronic switch 282, only with time difference of mechanical switch 281 in work, desired volume is far smaller than the capacity of mechanical switch 281 and the capacity of its corresponding current transforming unit, in addition, protection control board 283 by sensitive switch 226 perception current transforming units whether on its position, extract out as current transforming unit, mechanical switch 281 always remains closed conducting state; The optional scope of mechanical switch 281 is illustrated by Figure 38, and the optional scope of electronic switch 282 is illustrated by Figure 39.
Shown in Figure 37 is the another kind of circuit of protected location 124.Among Figure 37, protected location 124 comprises that end of incoming cables 197 and 198, electric-controlled mechanical switch 281, overvoltage are from conducting device 286, current sensor 287 and protection control board 288.End of incoming cables 197 is identical with the output label of current transforming unit with 198, represents that it is connected in parallel; Overvoltage is a kind of special electronic switches from conducting device 286, two ends conducting when the voltage on it reaches certain value, and overvoltage can be selected BOD diode (Breakover Diode) or SPD energy-absorbing type overvoltage protector for use from conducting device 286; Protection control board 288 is accepted the instruction of waveform generator controller 120 by media 284; simultaneously by 285 controls of accepting the current transforming unit controller; in addition; if current sensor 287 detects current signal when reaching certain width; the expression overvoltage enters the overvoltage protection state from conducting device 286; protection control board 288 auto-closing mechanical switchs 281; in addition; protection control board 283 by sensitive switch 226 perception current transforming units whether on its position; extract out as current transforming unit, mechanical switch 281 always remains closed conducting state.
Shown in Figure 38 is the optional scope of mechanical switch 281 among Figure 36 and Figure 37.
What Figure 38 (a) illustrated is the scheme that mechanical switch 281 adopts contactor formula automatic switch, and wherein, contact 289 drives the control of solenoid 290 protected control boards 288 by solenoid 290.Figure 38 (b) illustrates is that mechanical switch 281 adopts contactor formula automatic switches and the scheme of the discontinuous energising of solenoid during protected location work, wherein, contact 291 is driven and adhesive by adhesive solenoid 292, retaining bar 295 blocks buting iron 293, adhesive solenoid 292 outage and contact 291 does not disconnect; When needing contact 291 to disconnect, discharge solenoid 294 energisings, retaining bar 295 is decontroled buting iron 293, and contact 291 disconnects under the effect of return spring; Adhesive solenoid 292 and all control of protected control board of release solenoid 294.
Shown in Figure 39 is the optional scope of electronic switch 282 among Figure 36 and Figure 37.Wherein, the switching device 280 in the various circuit, no matter its quantity how, all is open-minded with mechanical switch 281, its capacity is much smaller than the capacity of mechanical switch 281.
Figure 40 and Figure 41 are the 16th embodiment of the present invention, and what illustrate is the relation that the power-converting device output waveform of 9 no H bridging in parallel stream unit and three-phase output is arranged according to one of " pulse distribution " Waveform generation method.
Among Figure 40, the 296th, U is the output waveform of the 1st current transforming unit mutually, the 297th, U is the output waveform of the 2nd current transforming unit mutually, the 298th, U is the output waveform of the 3rd current transforming unit mutually, the 299th, V is the output waveform of the 1st current transforming unit mutually, the 300th, V is the output waveform of the 2nd current transforming unit mutually, the 301st, V is the output waveform of the 3rd current transforming unit mutually, the 302nd, W is the output waveform of the 1st current transforming unit mutually, the 303rd, W is the output waveform of the 2nd current transforming unit mutually, and the 304th, W is the output waveform of the 3rd current transforming unit mutually, and 305 is the length in system's carrier frequency cycle, the 306th, U exports the first-harmonic function curve mutually, the 307th, V exports the first-harmonic function curve mutually, and the 308th, W exports the first-harmonic function curve mutually, and the 309th, the mutually actual output waveform of U, the 310th, the mutually actual output waveform of V, the 311st, the mutually actual output waveform of W.
Among Figure 40, because altogether by 9 current transforming units, 9 system's carrier frequency cycles are 1 unit carrier frequency cycle; Each vertical dotted line is one and calculates constantly that the distance between the vertical dotted line is a system cycle 305, and each calculates the current transforming unit that constantly relates to and represents with triangle, and the distance for certain current transforming unit between two triangles is the unit carrier frequency cycle.Output waveform 296 with the 1st current transforming unit of U phase is an example, calculate the moment at each and calculate the value that U exports the first-harmonic function mutually, be that U exports the intercept of first-harmonic function curve 306 at the longitudinal axis mutually, because the effect of maximum duty cycle, U exports first-harmonic function curve 306 mutually less than 1, make a pulse in its unit carrier frequency cycle subsequently, the width of this pulse is identical with the value that the current U that calculates exports the first-harmonic function mutually, and the position is placed in the middle; Carry out repeatedly so again and again, obtain output waveform 296.Other current transforming unit output waveforms in like manner can obtain.With U mutually the 1st current transforming unit output waveform 296, U mutually the 2nd current transforming unit output waveform 297 and U mutually the output waveform 298 of the 3rd current transforming unit be superimposed and obtain the mutually actual output waveform 309 of U; With V mutually the 1st current transforming unit output waveform 299, V mutually the 2nd current transforming unit output waveform 300 and V mutually the output waveform 301 of the 3rd current transforming unit be superimposed and obtain the mutually actual output waveform 310 of V; With W mutually the 1st current transforming unit output waveform 302, W mutually the 2nd current transforming unit output waveform 303 and W mutually the output waveform 304 of the 3rd current transforming unit be superimposed and obtain the mutually actual output waveform 311 of W.As shown in Figure 39, the mutually actual output waveform 309 of U and U export first-harmonic function curve 306, the mutually actual output waveform 310 of V and V mutually and export first-harmonic function curve 307, the mutually actual output waveform 311 of W and W mutually and export the phase shift that half unit carrier frequency cycle is arranged between the first-harmonic function curve 308 mutually, will eliminated by the substitution correction factor in the duty ratio computing formula in concrete enforcement.
Shown in Figure 41 is unit output pulse of H bridging stream and left and right sides half-bridge output pulse calculated relationship schematic diagram thereof.Among Figure 41, the 312nd, the output waveform of current transforming unit, the 313rd, the output waveform of this current transforming unit left side half-bridge, the 314th, the output waveform of the right half-bridge of this current transforming unit, the 315th, unit carrier frequency cycle, the 316th, half-bridge carrier frequency cycle, the 317th, the left half-bridge rising edge of a pulse time, the 318th, right half-bridge rising edge of a pulse time, the 319th, left half-bridge pulse trailing edge time, the 320th, right half-bridge pulse trailing edge time.When right half-bridge pulse is wider than in left half-bridge pulse, current transforming unit output direct impulse; When left half-bridge pulse is wider than in right half-bridge pulse, current transforming unit output reverse impulse.
Figure 42 is the schematic diagram of the 17th embodiment of the present invention, shows the structure of the power-converting device waveform generator controller 120 with current potential independence current transforming unit.
Among Figure 42, waveform generator controller 120 comprises primary module 321, computing module 322, distribution module 323, bus module 324, dedicated bus 325, a Q simple modeling piece 326, a Q medium of communication 327, a Q real module 328 of calculating, and also comprises input phase module 329 when current transforming unit has the active power filtering function.Medium of communication 327 can be an optical fiber, also can adopt electromagnetic wave.
Primary module 321 carries out communication by bus 330 and last level controlling system; Q simple modeling piece 326 all hangs on the dedicated bus 325 from M1 to MQ, last communication module 369 in the letter modeling piece 326 carries out communication and transmits waveform generation information by medium of communication 327 and the real following communication module of calculating in the module 328 370, and all Q real calculation modules 328 are corresponding from M1 to MQ from the individual simple modeling piece of C1 to CQ and Q 326.
Figure 43 is the main circuit diagram of the present invention the 18th embodiment, and the power-converting device of being made up of independent current potential neutral point clamp current transforming unit shown in it comprises power frequency AC 121, a S overcurrent protective device 331, a S three-phase inlet wire transformer 332, a Q neutral point clamp current transforming unit 335, Q is individual exports 125 mutually with the protected location 124 of neutral point clamp current transforming unit 335 parallel connections and the M of this power-converting device.
In Figure 43, the elementary winding 333 of S platform three-phase inlet wire transformer 332 can adopt star or dihedral connection, be subjected to the protection of overcurrent protective device 331 separately, its secondary winding 334 can phase shift also can not phase shift, can be divided into some groups by the difference of phase shifting angle during phase shift, respectively be divided into 3 groups in Figure 43, group is identical with the difference of phase shifting angle between the group, the phase shift differential seat angle and be 60 to spend; Secondary winding is phase shift one by one also, but the phase shift differential seat angle and still be 60 the degree; All three-phase secondary winding 334 insert the input of corresponding three-phase input neutral point clamp current transforming unit 123 respectively, and principle is to make the load of transformer secondary output winding consistent as far as possible.
The structure of three-phase input neutral point clamp current transforming unit 335 and protected location 124 describes in detail in the of the present invention the 19th and the 15th embodiment.
Adopt the advantage of the power-converting device of this patent the 18th embodiment to be: the output of suitable two the H bridges output of the output of a neutral point clamp current transforming unit, and switching device withstand voltage required under same voltage conditions is lower, reduces cost when helping to obtain good output waveform; When certain current transforming unit broke down, the protected location quick acting with its excision, realized the continuous operation and the fail safe of maximum possible with the output short circuit of this current transforming unit; Charging process is controlled and low-loss, can carry out repeatedly.
Figure 44 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 19th embodiment, and three-phase shown in it input neutral point clamp current transforming unit comprises that three- phase input end 345 and 346, two three-phases are along becoming bridge 192, two filter circuits 347, two neutral point clamp half- bridges 349 and 350 and single- phase output 113 and 114.
In Figure 44, three-phase is 191 along the input that becomes bridge 192, and its output is 211 and 212, and it can adopt the various forms that described in detail in the 8th, the 9th and the 10th embodiment; Filter circuit 347 is made up of conjugation direct current reactor and filtering capacitor, filtering capacitor generally by a plurality of electric capacity by the series connection and compose in parallel, shown in this figure is the situation that can not have the conjugation direct current reactor; Neutral point clamp half-bridge 349 comprises four semiconductor switch devices 351,352,353 and 354 and be connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode and two clamping diodes 355,356 on each switching device, and neutral point clamp half-bridge 350 comprises four semiconductor switch devices 361,362,363 and 364 and be connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode and two clamping diodes 357,358 on each switching device; The order of the waveform generator controller that current transforming unit controller 359 sends according to medium of communication 199, comprise duty ratio and unit carrier frequency cycle information, the operating state of control semiconductor switch device 201 to 204 is passed two DC bus-bar voltage at filter circuit 347 two ends 120 substitutions of back waveform generator controller by medium of communication 199 and is calculated.
Figure 45 is the circuit diagram of the present invention the 20th embodiment, and six switching regulator convertor assemblys shown in it comprise that three phase worker power 381, three-phase are along becoming bridge 192, filter circuit 382, three phase inverter bridge 383, controller 384 and threephase load 385.
In Figure 45, three-phase can adopt the various forms that described in detail along becoming bridge 192 in the present invention the 8th, the 9th and the 10th embodiment; Filter circuit 382 is made up of conjugation direct current reactor and filtering capacitor, filtering capacitor generally by a plurality of electric capacity by the series connection and compose in parallel; Three phase inverter bridge 383 comprises six semiconductor switch devices and is connected in reverse parallel in fly-wheel diode on each switching device; Controller 384 drives three phase inverter bridge 383 output threephase loads 385 needed voltage waveforms.
According to described the present invention, a kind of power-converting device and control method thereof of good economy performance can be provided, reduce the harmonic current of mains side when obtaining good output, the load of balanced each current transforming unit can stably be worked in bigger frequency and voltage range.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of by a plurality of current potentials independently the power-converting device that combines of current transforming unit realize it is characterized in that the Waveform generation method of accurate pulse-width modulation output:
One by the current potential power-converting device that independently current transforming unit is formed in, whether press unit carrier frequency cycle starting point consistent with all current transforming unit groupings, its group number L may be 1, also may equal the total Q of current transforming unit.Weave into a unsteady flow phase at any one lead-out terminal to all current transforming units between the central point, no matter its output is series connection or parallel connection, is provided with M unsteady flow phase.All current transforming unit groups are lined up a team, carry out calculating of exporting duty of ratio of current transforming unit group one by one, go round and begin again with a specific step-length that is spaced apart.This step-length is called system cycle c.The unit carrier frequency cycle C=Lc of any one current transforming unit.When some duty of ratio of carrying out any one current transforming unit are calculated, use its each self-corresponding duty ratio function.
When the current transforming unit group is counted L=1, C=c is arranged, promptly in system cycle all current transforming units send a pulse.
When comprising the current transforming unit that belongs to other unsteady flow phases in the several 1＜L of current transforming unit group＜Q and the some current transforming unit groups, queuing process does not comprise the circulation that belongs to mutually by unsteady flow, as long as evenly arrange by 1 to L order simply.
When not comprising the current transforming unit that belongs to other unsteady flow phases in the several 1＜L of current transforming unit group＜Q and the some current transforming unit groups, the method for current transforming unit queuing is by the circulation of the unsteady flow number of phases, presses the circulation of current transforming unit group number again.
When the current transforming unit group was counted L=Q, promptly the starting point difference in the carrier frequency cycle of each current transforming unit had only a current transforming unit in each current transforming unit group.At this moment, queuing is at first undertaken by the ownership of unsteady flow phase, promptly the 1st current transforming unit belongs to the 1st unsteady flow phase, the 2nd current transforming unit belongs to the 2nd unsteady flow phase so, i current transforming unit belongs to i unsteady flow phase, and so, M current transforming unit belongs to M unsteady flow phase, (M+1) individual current transforming unit is and belongs to the 1st unsteady flow phase, so goes round and begins again.If i has N in mutually iIndividual current transforming unit.Take turns to i unsteady flow phase time at every turn, arrange the 1st current transforming unit the 1st time, arrange the 2nd current transforming unit the 2nd time, arrange j current transforming unit the j time, so, N iThe inferior N that arranges iIndividual current transforming unit, (N i+ 1) inferiorly arranges the 1st current transforming unit again, go round and begin again equally.
If the current transforming unit number that at this moment all unsteady flows comprise mutually equates, N i=N then has C=Lc=Qc=MNc; If the current transforming unit number that i unsteady flow comprises mutually is mutually unequal with other unsteady flow, then the carrier frequency cycle C of the current transforming unit of i unsteady flow phase i=MN iC.
Ij current transforming unit output pulse duty factor function is Y Ij=a IjF i(t), wherein, a IjBe the correction factor of ij current transforming unit, and 0＜a Ij＜1; f i(t) be the basic function of i phase, and-1≤f i(t)≤+ 1; T=cx and x are positive integer.Correction factor a IjComprise that amount of exports phasing voltage amplitude is to the correction of the difference of current transforming unit benchmark DC bus-bar voltage, to the correction of ij the instantaneous DC bus-bar voltage of current transforming unit, to the correction of maximum duty cycle with to the correction of instantaneous output voltage amplitude.
Have only R to work if the current transforming unit number is N, that R is called the working cell number, and R≤N no matter be to adopt the progression of all each phases unified for R or certain progression in mutually is the working method of R, in the current transforming unit of its homophase, has:
C′＝M·R·c
If (N-R) still have current transforming unit to work in the individual current transforming unit, dispense-pulse on these current transforming units in turn so still.
2, a kind of by a plurality of current potentials independently the three-phase sine-wave output that forms of H bridging stream unit combination power-converting device Waveform generation method, it is characterized in that:
The angle step of a system cycle: Δ=2 π fc
Real-time phase angle: θ=Δ x and x are the positive integer that constantly increases.
U is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y Uj=a UjCos (θ+α u)
V is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y vj = a vj · cos ( θ - 2 π 3 + α v )
W is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y wj = a wj · cos ( θ + 2 π 3 + α w )
U phase amplitude correction factor: a Uj=vdu Uj
V phase amplitude correction factor: a Vj=vdu Vj
W phase amplitude correction factor: a Wj=vdu Wj
Wherein, f is an output frequency, v is the percentage of current output voltage, d be every current transforming unit in mutually the standard DC bus-bar voltage and the correction factor of the difference of phase voltage amplitude during to specified output, u is the correction factor of the current DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit to the standard DC bus-bar voltage; The maximum of amplitude correction factor is a maximum duty cycle, and 0＜a Ij＜1; α u, α vAnd α wBe the phase place correction angle, when it comprises cell failure with changing phase difference to the lifting of voltage and computing relay etc.
Queuing strategy is first by circulation mutually, and unit number circulation is pressed in the back; If every have three unit in mutually, have: Y U1, Y V1, Y W1, Y U2, Y V2, Y W2, Y U3, Y V3, Y W3
The unit cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C u=3N uC
The unit cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C v=3N vC
The unit cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C w=3N wC
The half-bridge cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C Bu=2C u
The half-bridge cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C Bv=2C v
The half-bridge cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C Bw=2C w
For some H bridging stream unit, unit, pulse generation Calculation Method constantly is that every twice adjacent duty ratio draws the once pulse of left and right sides half-bridge, the cycle of left and right sides half-bridge pulse is identical consistent with starting point, if the duty ratio for twice adjacent calculating of current transforming unit is Y1 and Y2, have:
Left side half-bridge rising edge timer value: Ls = C B 2 ( 1 - Y 1 )
Right half-bridge rising edge timer value: Rs = C B 2 ( 1 + Y 1 )
Left side half-bridge trailing edge timer value: Lx = C B 2 ( 1 + Y 2 )
Right half-bridge trailing edge timer value: Rx = C B 2 ( 1 - Y 2 )
If certain working cell number of exporting pulse in mutually simultaneously is R, so because the reason of control is when making it less than the current transforming unit of this phase sum N, every mutually in (N-R) individual current transforming unit can also use, pulse can also distribute above them successively, just the current transforming unit of working simultaneously has R.The benefit that several aspects are arranged like this: distribute a pulse on the current transforming unit, reason owing to the phase shift of transformer secondary winding, in fact produced the effect of taking turns balanced power taking, can eliminate because close the situation that inlet wire harmonic wave that current transforming unit causes increases; Take turns to operate, can make the heat load balance of each inlet wire transformer secondary output winding and current transforming unit; Make all current transforming units all participate in work, can find the fault current transforming unit early.
If because when having current transforming unit to break down to make R less than the current transforming unit sum N of this phase, if R current transforming unit participates in exporting the requirement that can satisfy output voltage so, control mode can be constant; If can not, can take to change waveform and phase difference or the like measure within the specific limits and compensate the decline that current transforming unit lacks the output voltage amplitude that is caused.
3, a kind of by a plurality of current potentials independently the three-phase sine-wave output that combines of neutral point clamp current transforming unit power-converting device Waveform generation method, it is characterized in that:
The output effect of a neutral point clamp current transforming unit is equivalent to the output effect of the H bridging stream unit of two series connection, can be regarded as special case above-mentioned Waveform generation method, that the H bridging stream unit of two homophases is arranged in group.
Forward voltage E of the 1st switching device conducting output of the left bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit, the forward voltage 2E of output twice during the conducting simultaneously of the 4th switching device of its right bridge, first kind of situation can be regarded first H bridging stream unit forward conduction as, and situation can be regarded second H bridging stream unit forward conduction simultaneously as in second; Reverse voltage-E of the 1st switching device conducting output of the right bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit, reverse voltage-the 2E of output twice during the conducting simultaneously of the 4th switching device of its left bridge, first kind of situation can be regarded first H bridging stream unit reverse-conducting as, and situation can be regarded second H bridging stream unit reverse-conducting simultaneously as in second.Its concrete computational process is:
The angle step of a system cycle: Δ=2 π fc
Real-time phase angle: θ=Δ x and x are the positive integer that constantly increases.
U is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y Uj=a UjCos (θ+α u)
V is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y vj = a vj · cos ( θ - 2 π 3 + α v )
W is the duty ratio of each current transforming unit mutually: Y wj = a wj · cos ( θ + 2 π 3 + α w )
U phase amplitude correction factor: a Uj=vdu Uj
V phase amplitude correction factor: a Vj=vdu Vj
W phase amplitude correction factor: a Wj=vdu Wj
Wherein, f is an output frequency, v is the percentage of current output voltage, d be every current transforming unit in mutually the standard DC bus-bar voltage and the correction factor of the difference of phase voltage amplitude during to specified output, u is the correction factor of the current DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit to the standard DC bus-bar voltage.To carry out amplitude limit to the amplitude correction factor and calculate, make it to be not more than maximum duty cycle, and 0＜a Ij＜1, α u, α vAnd α wBe the phase place correction angle, when it comprises cell failure with changing phase difference to the lifting of voltage and computing relay etc.
Queuing strategy is to circulate by the unsteady flow number of phases earlier, and the back is by single number of tuples circulation; If every have 2 unit in mutually, have: Y U1, Y V1, Y W1, Y U2, Y V2, Y W2
The unit cycle of U phase current transforming unit: C u=3N uC
The unit cycle of V phase current transforming unit: C v=3N vC
The unit cycle of W phase current transforming unit: C w=3N wC
For some neutral point clamp current transforming units, pulse generation Calculation Method constantly is the pulse of opening that each duty ratio draws once the 1st or the 4th switching device in the half-bridge of the left and right sides, its work period is the unit cycle, the 1st with the cycle of opening of the 4th switching device be identical consistent with starting point, have:
The rising edge of a pulse timer value: S = C 2 ( 1 - Y )
Pulse trailing edge timer value: X = C 2 ( 1 + Y )
Have 2E or-2E when output, the 1st switching device of the 1st switching device of the left bridge of neutral point clamp current transforming unit or right bridge is to keep conducting.
If certain working cell number of exporting pulse in mutually simultaneously is R, so because the reason of control is when making it less than the current transforming unit of this phase sum N, every mutually in (N-R) individual current transforming unit can also use, pulse can also distribute above them successively, just the current transforming unit of working simultaneously has R.The benefit that several aspects are arranged like this: distribute a pulse on the current transforming unit, reason owing to the phase shift of transformer secondary winding, in fact produced the effect of taking turns balanced power taking, can eliminate because close the situation that inlet wire harmonic wave that current transforming unit causes increases; Take turns to operate, can make the heat load balance of each inlet wire transformer secondary output winding and current transforming unit; Make all current transforming units all participate in work, can find the fault current transforming unit early.
If because when having current transforming unit to break down to make R less than the current transforming unit sum N of this phase, if R current transforming unit participates in exporting the requirement that can satisfy output voltage so, control mode can be constant; If can not, can take to change waveform and phase difference or the like measure within the specific limits and compensate the decline that current transforming unit lacks the output voltage amplitude that is caused.
4, a kind of waveform generator controller that is applied to the power-converting device of independent current potential current transforming unit composition is characterized in that:
This waveform generator controller comprises primary module, computing module, distribution module, bus module, simple modeling piece, the real module of calculating.Primary module be responsible for system cycle generation and with the communication of last level controlling system; Distribution module is determined the pairing current transforming unit group of calculating or the current transforming unit of current system cycle according to above-mentioned Waveform generation method; Computing module is used pairing duty ratio function and is carried out duty ratio calculating and unit carrier frequency computation of Period; Bus module is issued internal bus with the result of distribution module and computing module, and the DC bus-bar voltage of each current transforming unit is passed to computing module; Letter modeling piece is intercepted and captured the duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle parameter of institute corresponding unit own, issues the pairing real module of calculating by communication modes; The real module of calculating is present in each current transforming unit controller, with duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle realification that simple modeling piece is sent, becomes the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole.Letter modeling piece and the real medium of communication of calculating between the module can be optical fiber, also can adopt electromagnetic wave.The quantity of letter modeling piece is identical with the quantity of current transforming unit.
The waveform generator controller that is applied to have the power-converting device that the independent current potential current transforming unit of source filter function forms also comprises the input phase module, the input phase module is issued the real module of calculating with the phase place of three-phase alternating-current supply by bus module, simple modeling piece, medium of communication, is used for the control to active filter circuit.
5, a kind of changeable stream unit power-converting device is characterized in that:
Described changeable stream unit power-converting device comprises that 1 of total Q group three-phase secondary winding or S three-phase inlet wire transformer, waveform generator controller and M unsteady flow are mutually, output one end of M unsteady flow phase is connected in a bit, and the M that M other end forms changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device exports mutually.
The H bridging stream unit that a described M unsteady flow is imported single-phase output by Q three-phase is formed; each unsteady flow has in mutually the lead-out terminal of a H bridging stream unit and 1 protected location to be connected in parallel to form gang; the lead-out terminal of b such family is cascaded successively again; the current transforming unit of each phase is counted N=ab, current transforming unit sum Q=MN.
The three-phase secondary winding number of described 1 three-phase inlet wire transformer is that the three-phase secondary winding number of Q group or S three-phase inlet wire transformer is Group, its single or S elementary winding joins with power frequency AC, and the connection that is adopted among S elementary winding can difference, and secondary winding can exist phase shift also can not have phase shift; It is can be one by one or agglomeratingly carry out phase shift that phase shift is arranged between the secondary winding, and the secondary winding angle of phase displacement in each group is identical, and the summation of the difference of the phase shifting angle between the difference of the phase shifting angle between every group of secondary winding or group and the group is 60 to spend;
The H bridging stream unit that described three-phase is imported single-phase output comprises when having phase shift between inlet wire transformer secondary output winding: current transforming unit controller, three-phase input end, common along the output switch that becomes single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that bridge, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output between exporting with an inverter bridge leg;
The H bridging stream unit that described three-phase is imported single-phase output comprises when having phase shift between inlet wire transformer secondary output winding: three-phase input end, active power filtering are along the output switch that becomes single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that bridge, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output between exporting with an inverter bridge leg;
Described DC filter comprises conjugation direct current reactor and filter capacitor; Described output switch can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use;
Described three-phase is imported the common of single-phase output current transforming unit and is comprised 3 stage overcurrent protection device, three-phase half control rectifier bridge, three-phase parallel type constant current charger, hangs over three or two current transformers and the suitable controller that becomes on the three-phase incoming line along becoming bridge; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of two or three fast acting fuses or two or three pairs of contacts; Described along becoming DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger realize charging process of controller according to the DC filter two ends, close the half control rectifier bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected; Described three-phase parallel type constant current charger comprises three ballast electric capacity and a three-phase commutation bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this three-phase commutation bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge;
The active power filtering that described three-phase is imported single-phase output current transforming unit is along the three-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge, three-phase tandem constant current charger and the active power filtering controller that become fast acting fuse that bridge comprised overcurrent protection, be made up of the controlled shutoff semiconductor switch device of gate pole; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling three-phase tandem constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described three-phase tandem constant current charger comprises the short switch of three ballast electric capacity, three pairs of contacts and the disconnect of three pairs of contacts at least;
Described current transforming unit controller comprises communication module, real module, acquisition control module and the switching device driver module calculated down as the part of waveform generator controller; Described down communication module be responsible for and the last communication module of simple modeling piece between carry out exchanges data, described real duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle timerization that module is sent simple modeling piece of calculating, become the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole, described switching device driver module is given switching device with this pulse signal, described acquisition control module is responsible for the control of current transforming unit data acquisition and charging circuit etc., also is responsible for the phase place of power frequency AC is exchanged to the active power filtering controller;
6, a kind of changeable stream unit power-converting device is characterized in that:
Described changeable stream unit power-converting device comprises that inlet wire transformer, waveform generator controller and M unsteady flow that total Q organizes 1 of single-phase secondary winding or S three-phase or single-phase input are mutually, output one end of M unsteady flow phase is connected in a bit, and the M that M other end forms changeable stream of the present invention unit power-converting device exports mutually.
A described M unsteady flow is made up of the current transforming unit of Q the single-phase output of single-phase input; each unsteady flow has in mutually the lead-out terminal of a current transforming unit and 1 protected location to be connected in parallel to form gang; the lead-out terminal of b such family is cascaded successively again; the current transforming unit of each phase is counted N=ab, current transforming unit sum Q=MN.
The single-phase secondary winding number of the inlet wire transformer of described 1 three-phase or single-phase input is that the single-phase secondary winding number of Q group or S three-phase inlet wire transformer is Group, its single or S elementary winding joins with power frequency AC, the connection that is adopted among S elementary winding during the three-phase input can difference and all single-phase secondary winding to be evenly distributed on the three-phase;
The current transforming unit of the single-phase output of described single-phase input comprises: the current transforming unit controller, single-phase input, one or two fast acting fuse, single-phase series formula constant current charger, four gate pole stopcock devices and four suitable bridges that become of single-phase full control that the antiparallel fly-wheel diode of difference is formed, the active power filtering controller, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four single-phase output H type inverter bridge that the antiparallel fly-wheel diode of difference is formed, single-phase output and be connected an output and the output of inverter bridge leg between the output switch; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling single-phase series formula constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described single-phase series formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity, a short switch and a disconnect at least;
Perhaps, the current transforming unit of the single-phase output of described single-phase input comprises: current transforming unit controller, single-phase overcurrent protective device, single-phase half-controlled rectifier bridge, circuit of power factor correction, parallel single-phase formula constant current charger, hang over single-phase output H type inverter bridge, the single-phase output that current transformer on the single-phase incoming line and active power filtering controller, DC filter, four gate pole stopcock devices and four antiparallel respectively fly-wheel diodes form and be connected an output output switch between exporting with an inverter bridge leg; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of a pair of or two pairs of contacts of a fast acting fuse or; Described active power filtering controller is according to DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger is realized charging process at DC filter two ends, close the half control rectifier bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected, in addition, realize active power filtering according to the phase signal power controlling factor correcting circuit of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller; Described circuit of power factor correction comprises an inductance, a switching device and a non-return diode; Described parallel single-phase formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity and a single-phase rectification bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this single-phase rectification bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge;
Described DC filter comprises conjugation direct current reactor and filter capacitor; Described output switch can be selected electric-controlled mechanical switch or fast acting fuse for use;
Described current transforming unit controller comprises communication module, real module, acquisition control module and the switching device driver module calculated down as the part of waveform generator controller; Described down communication module be responsible for and the last communication module of simple modeling piece between carry out exchanges data, described real duty ratio and the unit carrier frequency cycle timerization that module is sent simple modeling piece of calculating, become the pulse signal of driving switch device gate pole, described switching device driver module is given switching device with this pulse signal, described acquisition control module is responsible for the control of current transforming unit data acquisition and charging circuit etc., also is responsible for the phase place of power frequency AC is exchanged to the active power filtering controller;
7, according to any one described changeable stream unit power-converting device in claim 5 and 6, it is characterized in that:
Described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch and an electronic switch that is connected in parallel on this electric-controlled mechanical switch, these two switches obtained close command simultaneously when current transforming unit broke down, make complete machine continue operation the output short circuit of this or current transforming unit of the same clan with it, utilize two kinds of different characteristics of switch to solve quick-make and the long playing contradiction of low-loss, it is characterized in that the capacity of the capacity of this electronic switch less than this electric-controlled mechanical switch, the close command of protected location can be from the current transforming unit controller, the overvoltage of itself detects, itself by the sensitive switch of the position operation of current transforming unit or master controller simultaneously or obtain respectively;
Perhaps; described protected location comprises an electric-controlled mechanical switch, be connected in parallel on a high-power overvoltage on this electric-controlled mechanical switch from conducting device, string at current sensor and the protection controller of this overvoltage on the loop of conducting device, the protection controller made this mechanical switch closure when current sensor was examined the existing of current signal of certain width.
8, six switched power converting means of a kind of three-phase input three-phase output is characterized in that:
Six switched power converting means of described three-phase input three-phase output comprise: controller, three-phase input end, three-phase are along becoming bridge, DC filter, six gate pole stopcock devices and four three-phase output H type inverter bridge, three-phase output ends that the antiparallel fast recovery diode of difference is formed;
The three-phase of six switched power converting means of described three-phase input three-phase output comprises 3 stage overcurrent protection device, three-phase half control rectifier bridge, three-phase parallel type constant current charger, hangs over three current transformers and the suitable controller that becomes on the three-phase incoming line along becoming bridge; Described overcurrent protective device can be the circuit breaker of three fast acting fuses or three pairs of contacts; Described along becoming DC bus-bar voltage and the commands for controlling half control rectifier bridge of current transforming unit controller and the start and stop that parallel constant current charger realize charging process of controller according to the DC filter two ends, close the half control d-c bridge with the fast shut-off overcurrent according to the over-current signal of current transformer, even circuit breaker is disconnected; Described parallel three phase is that constant current charger comprises three ballast electric capacity and a three-phase commutation bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this three-phase commutation bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge.
Perhaps, the three-phase of six switched power converting means of described three-phase input three-phase output is along the three-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge, three-phase tandem constant current charger and the active power filtering controller that become fast acting fuse that bridge comprised overcurrent protection, be made up of the controlled shutoff semiconductor switch device of gate pole; Described active power filtering controller is realized the start and stop of charging process according to the commands for controlling three-phase tandem constant current charger of the DC bus-bar voltage at DC filter two ends and current transforming unit controller, realizes the feedback that active power filtering and pump rise energy according to the phase signal control full-controlled rectifier bridge of the power frequency AC that transmits of current transforming unit controller.
9, according to any one described power-converting device in claim 5 and 8, it is characterized in that:
Described three-phase parallel type constant current charger comprises three ballast electric capacity and a three-phase commutation bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this three-phase commutation bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge.
Described three-phase tandem constant current charger comprises the short switch of three ballast electric capacity, three pairs of contacts and the disconnect of three pairs of contacts at least, it is characterized in that the capacity of its three pairs of contacts of short switch is identical with the capacity of rectification circuit;
10, according to the changeable stream unit power-converting device described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that:
Described single-phase series formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity, a short switch and a disconnect at least, it is characterized in that the capacity of its three pairs of contacts of short switch is identical with the capacity of rectification circuit;
Described parallel single-phase formula constant current charger comprises a ballast electric capacity and a single-phase rectification bridge at least, and the capacity that it is characterized in that this single-phase rectification bridge is less than the capacity along half control rectifier bridge in the change bridge;
CNB011240210A 2001-08-07 2001-08-07 Waveform generation method and power converter device Expired - Fee Related CN1190885C (en)

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