CN1398011A - Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane - Google Patents
Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN1398011A CN1398011A CN01126123A CN01126123A CN1398011A CN 1398011 A CN1398011 A CN 1398011A CN 01126123 A CN01126123 A CN 01126123A CN 01126123 A CN01126123 A CN 01126123A CN 1398011 A CN1398011 A CN 1398011A
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- fuel cell
- proton exchange
- membrane electrode
- membrane
- exchange membrane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
This invention relates to PEM fuel cells with high power power density containing a membrane electrode, a gas tight buttering, a gas diffusion carrier and a metal lead. The said PEM is coated with catalyst at both sides, the said membrane electrode and gas tight buttering are superimposed and rolled to single or multi-layer drums. The said gas diffusion carrier are designed at two sides of the membrane electrode and the metal lead is on the gas diffusion carrier with the advantages of high effective availability, small volume and light weight compoared with the present technologies.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell having high power density.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that is capable of converting hydrogen fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersedcatalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen),the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is typically placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each conductive plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The conductive plates can be plates made of metal materials or plates made of graphite materials. The flow guide pore canals and the flow guide grooves on the conductive polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is arranged, and a flow guide polar plate of anode fuel and a flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The flow guide polar plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the flow guide grooves on the flow guide polar plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) cooling fluid (such as water) is uniformly distributed into cooling channels in each battery pack through an inlet and an outlet of the cooling fluid and a flow guide channel, and heat generated by electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a wide application range, and can be used as a power supply of a mobile phone, a power supply of a notebook computer, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric automobile and the like, wherein a core component in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a three-in-one electrode, almost all three-in-one electrodes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are pressed into a plane shape at present, such as a plane shape shown in figure 1 (a shaded part in figure 1 is an electrode effective area), the plane type three-in-one electrode forces a flow guide polar plate formed by the fuel cell to be also a plane shape shown in figure 2, a typical fuel cell assembled by the plane type three-in-one electrode and the flow guide polar plate is shown in figure 3, and the power density is not high due to the following reasons:
(1) the utilization rate of the effective area of the electrode is low, generally less than 80 percent;
(2) the guide polar plate is heavier or has larger volume, and the effective guide area utilization rate is also lower, generally less than 80%.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and providing a pem fuel cell with high electrode effective area utilization, small size, and light weight, and high power density.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density comprises a membrane electrode formed by a proton exchange membrane, wherein catalysts are coated on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by also comprising an airtight interlayer, gas diffusion carriers and metal leads, wherein the membrane electrode and the airtight interlayer are overlapped and rolled into a single-layer or multi-layer reel type; the fuel hydrogen and the oxidant respectively reach the two sides of the membrane electrode through the gas diffusion carrier, and carry out electrochemical reaction on the membrane electrode to generate current, and the generated current is led out by the metal lead.
The reel type proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density is discontinuously wound on each section toform a single cell, and the single cells are connected in series or in parallel to form the fuel cell with higher output voltage or current.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density comprises a membrane electrode formed by a proton exchange membrane, wherein catalysts are coated on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by further comprising an airtight interlayer, a gas diffusion carrier and a metal lead, wherein the membrane electrode and the interlayer are rolled into a single-layer or multi-layer roll shape, two layers of membrane electrodes are arranged between the roll type interlayer and the interlayer, fuel hydrogen or oxidant is led out between the two layers of membrane electrodes, oxidant or fuel hydrogen is led out between the membrane electrode and the outer interlayer, the gas diffusion carrier is arranged between the membrane electrode and between the membrane electrode and the interlayer, and the metal lead is arranged on the gas diffusion carrier, so that the roll type proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density is formed.
The reel type proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density is discontinuously wound on each section to form a single cell, and the single cells are connected in series or in parallel to form the fuel cell with higher output voltage or current.
The catalyst is a platinum catalyst.
The gas diffusion carrier is made of flexible metal wire mesh or carbon fiber materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention carries out completely different designs on the core components in the fuel cell, changes the plane superposition type into a plurality of layers or a layer of reel type, does not need a flow guide polar plate, thereby solving the two defects in the plane type fuel cell and greatly improving the power density of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar three-in-one electrode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional planar flow-guiding plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a typical fuel cell assembled with a conventional planar triad electrode and a current-guiding plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the cross-sectional embodiment 1 of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the cross-section embodiment 2 of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the present invention is a multi-layer roll type three-in-one electrode and a fuel cell comprising the same, wherein the fuel cell comprising the roll type electrode has a high power density.
The membrane electrode 1 of the fuel cell of the roll type in fig. 5 is composed of a proton exchange membrane 11, both sides of the membrane are coated with noble metal catalysts 12 such as platinum, etc., the membrane electrode 1 is separated by a gas-impermeable separation layer 2 (black solid line in the figure), thus the fuel hydrogen H can be respectively sent to both sides of the membrane electrode 12Or an oxidizing agent O2(or air) and may be filled with some gas diffusion carrier 3, such as a flexible wire mesh or carbon fiber material, such as carbon cloth, so as not to have to do soFlow-guiding plates are required and current can be led out from the gas diffusion carriers 3 on both sides of the membrane electrode 1 through connecting corresponding metal leads (not shown).
In order to make the reel type fuel cell meet the practical application requirement, several reel type fuel cells can be connected in series or in parallel to obtain the current and voltage required by application purpose, or one section of each reel in the reel type fuel cell can be interrupted to form a single cell, the whole reel type fuel cell can be interrupted into several sections to form several single cells, and all the single cells can be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the whole reel type fuel cell.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the fuel cell also includes a multi-layer roll-type electrode, and has an extremely high power density. The difference from the embodiment 1 is that two membrane electrodes 1 are arranged between the reel-shaped interlayer 2 and the interlayer 2 (black solid line) in fig. 6, each membrane electrode 1 is composed of a proton exchange membrane 11, the two sides of the membrane are coated with noble metal catalysts 12 such as platinum, and the two membrane electrodes 1Hydrogen H as fuel2(oxidizing agent such as oxygen or air can be removed), while the outside of the two-layer membrane electrode 1 is currently the oxidizing agent such as oxygen O2(hydrogen can also be removed). Among them, some gas diffusion carriers 3, such as flexible metal wire mesh or carbon fiber material, such as carbon cloth, can be filled between the membrane electrode 1 and the membrane electrode 1, and between the membrane electrode 1 and the interlayer 2,so that no flow guide plate is needed, and the current can be led out from the gas diffusion carriers 3 at both sides of the membrane electrode 1 and connected with corresponding metal leads (not shown).
In order to make the reel type fuel cell meet the practical application requirement, several fuel cells of this type can be series-connected and parallel-connected in various modes to meet the current and voltage required by application purpose, or each reel section in the reel type can be interrupted to form a single cell, the whole reel type fuel cell is interrupted into several sections to form several single cells, then series-connected and parallel-connected so as to meet the current and voltage requirements of practical application purpose.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a single-layer roll type three-in-one electrode and a fuel cell using the same have high power density. The single-layer reel type fuel cell membrane electrode 1 is composed of proton exchange membrane 11, both sides of the membrane are coated with noble metal catalyst 12 such as platinum, and both sides of the membrane electrode 1 are respectively provided with a gas-impermeable interlayer 2 (black solid line in the figure), so that both sides of the membrane electrode 1 can be made to beHydrogen H as fuel2Or an oxidizing agent O2(or air) and may be filled with a gas diffusion carrier 3, such as a flexible wire mesh or carbon fiber material, such as carbon cloth, so that no flow guide plates are required and current can be drawn from the gas diffusion carrier 3 on both sides of the membrane electrode 1 to connect to corresponding metal leads (not shown).
In order to make the reel type fuel cell meet the practical application requirement, several reel type fuel cells can be connected in series or in parallel to obtain the current and voltage required by application purpose, or one section of each reel in the reel type fuel cell can be interrupted to form a single cell, the whole reel type fuel cell can be interrupted into several sections to form several single cells, and all the single cells can be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the whole reel type fuel cell.
Claims (6)
1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density comprises a membrane electrode formed by a proton exchange membrane, wherein catalysts are coated on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by also comprising an airtight interlayer, gas diffusion carriers and metal leads, wherein the membrane electrode and the airtight interlayer are overlapped and rolled into a single-layer or multi-layer reel type; the fuel hydrogen and the oxidant respectively reach the two sides of the membrane electrode through the gas diffusion carrier, and carry out electrochemical reaction on the membrane electrode to generate current, and the generated current is led out by the metal lead.
2. The pem fuel cell of claim 1 wherein said spool-type pem fuel cell has a single cell formed by discontinuous sections of each spool, and each single cell is connected in series or parallel to form a fuel cell with higher output voltage or current.
3. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density comprises a membrane electrode formed by a proton exchange membrane, wherein catalysts are coated on two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by further comprising an airtight interlayer, a gas diffusion carrier and a metal lead, wherein the membrane electrode and the interlayer are rolled into a single-layer or multi-layer roll shape, two layers of membrane electrodes are arranged between the roll type interlayer and the interlayer, fuel hydrogen or oxidant is led out between the two layers of membrane electrodes, oxidant or fuel hydrogen is led out between the membrane electrode and the outer interlayer, the gas diffusion carrier is arranged between the membrane electrode and between the membrane electrode and the interlayer, and the metal lead is arranged on the gas diffusion carrier, so that the roll type proton exchange membrane fuel cell with high power density is formed.
4. The pem fuel cell of claim 3 wherein said spool-type pem fuel cell has a single cell formed by discontinuous sections of each spool, and each single cell is connected in series or parallel to form a fuel cell with higher output voltage or current.
5. The pem fuel cell according to claim 1 or 3 wherein said catalyst is a platinum catalyst.
6. The pem fuel cell of claim 1 or 3 wherein said gas diffusion substrate is a flexible wire mesh or carbon fiber material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011261234A CN1227761C (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2001-07-13 | Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011261234A CN1227761C (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2001-07-13 | Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1398011A true CN1398011A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| CN1227761C CN1227761C (en) | 2005-11-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011261234A Expired - Fee Related CN1227761C (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2001-07-13 | Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1227761C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004018549A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Process for preparing multi-layer proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies |
| CN110085894A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-08-02 | 熵零技术逻辑工程院集团股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell and its engine |
-
2001
- 2001-07-13 CN CNB011261234A patent/CN1227761C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004018549A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Process for preparing multi-layer proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies |
| CN110085894A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-08-02 | 熵零技术逻辑工程院集团股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell and its engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1227761C (en) | 2005-11-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Shanghai Jiulong electric equipment experiment Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shanghai Shen-Li High Tech Co., Ltd. Contract fulfillment period: 2007.11.18 to 2013.11.7 contract change Contract record no.: 2008310000082 Denomination of invention: Fuel batter with high-power-density proton exchange membrane Granted publication date: 20051116 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2008.9.23 |
|
| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENCE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2007.11.18 TO 2013.11.7 Name of requester: SHANGHAI JIULONG EQUIPMENT TEST CO.LTD. Effective date: 20080923 |
|
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20051116 Termination date: 20120713 |