CN1394982A - Vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace - Google Patents
Vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1394982A CN1394982A CN 02124558 CN02124558A CN1394982A CN 1394982 A CN1394982 A CN 1394982A CN 02124558 CN02124558 CN 02124558 CN 02124558 A CN02124558 A CN 02124558A CN 1394982 A CN1394982 A CN 1394982A
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Abstract
The vacuum well tankless ion carburizing multipurpose furnace in the field of heat treatment includes furnace body, furnace cover, heater and vacuum, ion source control, exhausting, cooling, gas supplying and power supplying control system, and it is characterized by that said furnace body is equipped with coarse vacuum layer, interior of furnace cavity is equipped with anode cylinder, the bottom portion of the furnace cover is equipped with heat-insulating screen, double-layer air layer can be communicated with gas outlet of exhaust tube, and upper end of mixed gas inlet tube is equipped with gas mixer, its safe valve is equipped with safe discharge valve and on the viewing port a window body is mounted.
Description
Affiliated technical field the present invention relates to workpiece surface and strengthens specific equipment, belongs to the heat treatment technics field.
The background technology carburizing is metal surface enhanced a kind of important process means.According to statistics, in thermo-chemical treatment and the surface-treated part, need to account for 75% through carburizing treatment.The development of carburization process is the evolution of having experienced solid carburizing, liquid carburizing, gas cementation, vacuum carburization and plasma carburizing so far, in the process of development, the change of each processing method, all experienced the production process of the cross-application of the old and new's technologies, plasma carburizing is a state-of-the-art carburization process on the our times, yet up to the present, the heat treated carburizing equipment of China is still based on so far gas carbruizing furance since the forties.According to incompletely statistics, just nearly surplus in the of 30,000, its energy consumption of this equipment is big for the pit carburizing furnace of China, production efficiency low, caused people's extensive concern.
The history in existing 30 years of development with the Liu Cheng of Dalian Maritime University benevolence, Yang Lieyu professor's article on plasma carburization process and equipment, successively at home success first develop horizontal ion carburizing furnace, bell-type ion carburizing furnace, March nineteen ninety, People's Transportation Press published " ion bombardment penetration and diffusion technique " that the Yang Lieyu professor is shown, made China adopt the ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing technology to carry out industrialization and had opened new page.Horizontal ion carburizing furnace is wherein listed key popularized project in by country and is produced in batches, and can realize vacuum hardening after carburizing, and the bell-type ion carburizing furnace has gone out maximum in the world carburizing part by the standard production of Germany, and material is 20Cr
2Ni
4The Niemann screw rod of A is of a size of Φ 279 * 2237mm.Economic benefit reaches 1,000,000 yuan every year at present.On March 18th, 1999, patent for invention has been authorized in the examination through State Patent Office, and its patent No. is ZL95110290.7.But, these two kinds of ion carburizing furnaces, also have weak point separately, horizontal ion carburizing furnace, because furnace binding and quenching oil quantitative limitation, can only be used for miniature parts, the production of precision part, up to the present, the maximum batch of this stove is 300Kg, and the bell-type ion carburizing furnace, though its batch can reach more than 3 tons, but the part after its carburizing needs secondary quenching, will inevitably produce the oxidation and decarbonization problem through second-heating quenching workpiece surface, simultaneously, when continuous production, the thermosteresis of this stove is very big, and most of carburizing part precision is to finish by last precision work, according to incompletely statistics, its quantity of such carburizing part accounts for more than 90% of carburizing part total amount, studies show that these parts can directly carry out or oil quenching fully in short-term after the vacuum plasma carburizing, or shrend, or isothermal quenching is finished, and can finish the equipment of this task, its target is exactly the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove.
The content purpose of the present invention of invention and task will overcome prior art and exist, 1. batch is little, can not produce in enormous quantities, 2. can not handle the batch process problem of big part, especially big piece and elongate articles, 3. be subjected to the deficiency of the restriction of quenchant, and provide a kind of batch big, do not have jar, can select quenchant, direct quenching, without transformer and Muffle pot, the uniform vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove of furnace temperature, special technical solution of the present invention proposed.
Vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove proposed by the invention, mainly comprise: high vacuum layer [10], body of heater [15] by aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] and fire brick layer [12] formation, the well heater [14] that constitutes by radiator tube and resistance wire, by lid [27] and gas cloud [18] and aluminum silicate fiber layer [16], the bell [19] that water-cooled layer [26] constitutes, vacuum acquiring system [6], ion source control system [2], exhaust system [4], cooling system [5], airing system [7] and electric power supply control system [3], it is characterized in that: on body of heater [19], also be provided with the double-deck black vacuum layer [11] that keeps small gap to be communicated with burner hearth, inboard in fire brick layer [12], also be provided with anode tube [13], the spacing between its fire brick layer [12] and the anode tube [13] should be greater than 10mm; The resistance wire that is located in the well heater [14] is snakelike shape, and and the radiation tube wall between should keep gap greater than 10mm; On bell [19], its bottom is provided with a plurality of thermoscreens [44] layer structure in the below of lid [27], and set gas cloud is double-deck air layer [18] in lid [27]; The vapor pipe [23] that is located on the bell [19] is being located by double-deck air layer [18] section, on the sidewall of its this section vapor pipe, have the aperture of giving vent to anger [42], this aperture of giving vent to anger is connected with air in each layer of air layer, exit, upper end at vapor pipe, also be provided with obstruction [24], after exhaust, with stopping up with its outlet sealing; Be located at and be mixed into tracheae [21] on the bell [19], be designed to snakelike shape or heat radiation sheet by aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] section, and gas mixer [22] be installed in the upper end that is mixed into tracheae; Also design has by electro connecting pressure gauge [70] and safety discharging air valve [69] and is connected and the safety valve [25] that constitutes on bell [19]; Design in it is installed in the top of bell [19] vision slit [17] the observation forms [20] of rotating thermoscreen assembly [87]; The vacuum nozzle [30] of the high vacuum layer [10] of body of heater is connected with vacuum-pumping tube [30] by hand valve [31] control.
Of the present invention being further characterized in that: designed by housing [53] in the upper end that is mixed into tracheae [21], intake elbow [56], the gas mixer [22] that air inlet straight tube [57] is constituted, its housing [53] is an inner-cavity structure with cup-shaped, the tapered slope of its chamber wall and the angle of its axis are 30 °～45 °, and coaxial also design has the similar ejector nozzle [54] of all same housing of its profile and inner chamber [53] inner chamber outline body in its chamber, on the outer side wall of housing [53], then be laid with a plurality of and the tangent air inlet straight tube [57] of outer side ejector nozzle [54], and intake elbow [56] is provided in a side of the top of gas mixer [22], and be connected with the inlet mouth of ejector nozzle, the mode of connection of each part, remove last, lower flange [52,51] with bolt [59], nut [60] is fastening, and be added with outside the sealing-ring [61], be and be weldingly connected, ejector nozzle mouth [58] in the gas mixer [22] and the distance between housing inner chamber inclined-plane lower end [55] should keep 10～20mm; Go up designed safety valve [25] at bell [10], be by electro connecting pressure gauge [70], safety discharging air valve [69], by three-way connecting block [66], take over I[65], take over II[67], upper nut [68] and lower nut [64] and sealing-ring [61] constitute, the structure of safety discharging air valve [69] be by at valve body [64] with after valve gap [73] is threaded, and in the valve pocket that constitutes, also be provided with the spool [72] that connects together with screw [71] and valve gap [73], and between the screw [71] of spool bottom, be added with pressure spring [74], on the sidewall of valve body and spool, also have a plurality of venting holes [75], contact position at steel ball and valve body, be provided with sealing-ring [61], the bend pipe of valve body lower portion [78] is fastened on the three-way connecting block [66] with screw, be added with sealing-ring [61] therebetween, take over I[65] and take over II[67] be weldingly connected with three-way connecting block, take over I[65] and lower nut [64] between, between relief tube [79] and the lower nut, be and be threaded, and at lower nut and take between the I and be added with sealing-ring [61]; Go up designed observation forms [20] at bell [19], its structure is by viewing window lid [81], sealing-ring [61], the viewing window seat of honour [83], the inspection section that viewing window following [85] and viewing glass [82] are constituted, and between the viewing window seat of honour [83] of inspection section and viewing window following [85], vertical its axis is welded with to be provided with in it and mainly contains axis [90], seal cartridge [91] and thermoscreen are perpendicular and constitute the heat insulating box [84] of thermoscreen assembly [87], two and half arcual sidewalls of heat insulating box [84], the plane that is parallel to thermoscreen [44] plate place, and perpendicular to axis [90] be fixed on seal cartridge [91] on heat insulating box one curved wall, the side cover of heat insulating box [89] is fastened on its casing with screw [71], and be added with sealing-ring [61] betwixt, and be threaded between the viewing window seat of honour and the viewing window lid, viewing glass is clipped in therebetween, connects with sealing-ring [61].
Further being characterised in that of vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove proposed by the invention: ejector nozzle mouth [58] end in the gas mixer [22] and termination, housing inner chamber inclined-plane [55] are at a distance of 10～20mm; Its diameter of steel ball [77] in the safety valve [25] should be greater than the internal diameter of valve body bend pipe [78], and can be under the effect of deadweight, pressure spring [74], burner hearth positive pressure, move up and down along the valve core cavity wall, the big I of its displacing force is regulated by the screw on pressure spring [74] top, the safe displacing force of steel ball should be the pressure of pressure spring to steel ball, adds that the self gravitation of steel ball equals 2/3 of burner hearth permissible working pressure.
Furnace binding proposed by the invention, its black vacuum layer [11] is actual to be double-deck black vacuum layer, it is the hollow plate object made from steel plate, it be with burner hearth in vacuum chamber do not have the clearance layer of strict seal, when exhaust vacuumizes in the burner hearth, because the black vacuum layer maintains being communicated with of small gap with burner hearth, be that the black vacuum layer is provided with transmission of electricity negative electrode jack by its wall, thermocouple jack, left small gap such as vacuum-pumping tube jack realizes, the high vacuum layer then is a strict seal, and vacuum nozzle [30] is connected with vacuum-pumping tube [35] by hand valve [31] control simultaneously, so, when exhaust vacuumizes, high vacuum layer [10], black vacuum layer [11] and burner hearth all begin exhaust and vacuumize, when reaching specified vacuum and spending, close hand valve [31], at this moment, burner hearth just no longer links to each other with vacuum-pumping tube [35] with the black vacuum layer, therefore, it can keep the vacuum tightness that adapts with burner hearth, can make the smooth transition of heat transfer coefficient and pressure energy like this, replace preferably making thermofin, reduce thermosteresis with gas cloud.Between anode tube [13] and fire brick layer [12], leave spacing greater than 10mm, be in fact again one " black vacuum layer ", its objective is to make this layer play thermal radiation effect rather than conduction of heat, thereby further reduce thermosteresis.Keeping the gap greater than 10mm between the tube wall of well heater [14] and its internal resistance silk, is for when resistance wire feeds the voltage of alternating current of 110V～380V, has not produced pressure reduction and causes electric discharge phenomena because of the radiation tube wall can have positive voltage up to the 1200V direct current.Anode tube [13] should join with furnace shell, each set high vacuum layer of top, bottom and the sidepiece of high vacuum layer [10] all is to be communicated with by the communicating aperture between vacuum layer [9], black vacuum layer [11] only is provided in a side of sidepiece and top and is connected, the aluminum silicate fiber layer that adds its thick 325mm of reaching of one deck in upper of furnace body, be for store heat, reduce the thermosteresis on its top.Because its top heat radiation is greater than the heat dissipation capacity of bottom.At bottom of furnace body high vacuum layer [10] is the dual-layer high vacuum layer, and is added with sustained ring, is the light fire brick course on the top of its dual-layer high vacuum layer.Be mixed into tracheae [21] section in the aluminum silicate fiber layer and be designed to snakelike shape or heat radiation sheet, its objective is and make the ammonia isotonic agent that is fed, in the aluminum silicate fiber layer of bell, progressively obtain heating, also be the process of cooling off bell with penetration enhancer simultaneously, be the effective measure of killing two birds with one stone, enter gas in the burner hearth behind multilayer insulation screen [44], can more uniform dispersion.
Major advantage of the present invention is: the big part that 1. can be mass-produced, slender rod piece product, 2. can adopt multiple quenchant, to satisfy the different requirements of different steel grades, 3. need not to use transformer, also need not to use Muffle pot, cost is descended, efficient improves more than 4 times, 4. can save electric power 40%, 5. pollution-free.
Be the description of the drawings below.
The utility model is established 17 width of cloth accompanying drawings altogether, be that Fig. 1 is a vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove whole plant structural representation, Fig. 2 is that the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove is faced cross-sectional view, Fig. 3 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 be Fig. 2 dynamically face cross-sectional view, Fig. 5 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is that the bell of vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove is faced cross-sectional view, Fig. 7 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 6, Fig. 8 is that gas mixer proposed by the invention is faced cross-sectional view, Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view of facing of gas mixer with 4 penetration enhancers inlets proposed by the invention, Figure 10 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 9, Figure 11 is that safety valve proposed by the invention is faced cross-sectional view, Figure 12 is that observation forms proposed by the invention are faced cross-sectional view, Figure 13 is the side-looking structural representation of Figure 12, Figure 14 is after its thermoscreen of observation forms of Figure 12 rotates an angle, be in and face cross-sectional view when observing, Figure 15 is the side-looking structural representation of Figure 14, Figure 16 be the thermoscreen assembly that proposes of the present invention face cross-sectional view, the plan structure synoptic diagram of Figure 17 Si Figure 16.
Be described as follows:
Fig. 1 is vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove complete equipment schematic diagram.
Show among the figure, the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove, its complete equipment is by vacuum well type tank-free Ion carburizing multipurpose furnace body [1], vacuum acquiring system [6], air supply system [7], ion source control system [2], Electric power supply control system [3], gas extraction system [4], cooling system [5] consist of.
Fig. 2 is that the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove is faced cross-sectional view.
Show among the figure that its body of heater [15] mainly is by bell [19], furnace bottom [38], cathode disc [33], transmission of electricity Heater [14] in negative electrode [34], furnace cover lifting mechanism [28] and the burner hearth consists of, and also has defeated on the furnace sidewall Electricity anode [32], bell [19] are by a plurality of heat screens [44] that are located at bell its lid of bottom [27] below Plate, alumina silicate fibre layer [16], double-deck air layer [18] and water-cooled layer [26] consist of, and also establish on bell Be mixed into tracheae [21], blast pipe [23], peep hole [17], safety valve [25] structure, bell can pass through The ascending, descending of elevating mechanism [28] or sway. The cathode disc [33] that is located on the furnace bottom is the ground of stacking workpiece The side is provided with transmission of electricity negative electrode [34] below it, and joins by conductive plate [36] and cathode disc, and furnace bottom is By the dual-layer high vacuum layer [10] that bearing support is supported, be that fire brick layer [12] is to bear weight above it. Body of heater [15] sidewall, outermost layer are high vacuum layer [10], in its burner hearth be respectively double-deck black vacuum layer [11], Alumina silicate fibre layer [16], fire brick layer [12], anode canister [13] and consisted of by 12 tubulose radiant tubes Heater [14] in the whole burner hearth. Be added with gas mixer [22] in the top that is mixed into tracheae [21], The alumina silicate fibre interval is provided with fin [43] structure, is added with obstruction [24] in the top of blast pipe [23], The top of peep hole [17] is added with observes forms [20], and vacuum nozzle [30] passes through the hand valve with vacuum-pumping tube [35] [31] control links to each other, and is added with exhaust cap [37] at the inlet end of vacuum-pumping tube [35], and symbol [9] is connecting hole.
Fig. 3 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2.
Symbol among the figure [48] is a thermopair, the same Fig. 2 of other symbols.
Fig. 4 be Fig. 2 dynamically face cross-sectional view.
Show among the figure, when opening direction switch by button, be located at the furnace cover lifting mechanism [28] on the body of heater [15], bell is risen to the body of heater top, rotate an angle again, workpiece is packed into or taking-up or body of heater maintenance procedures, after operation is finished, body of heater is gone back to the original place, lower again, seal by button, after checking that each system is all qualified, just can begin new working routine.
All same Fig. 1 of symbol among the figure.
Fig. 5 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 4.
Symbol among the figure [48] is a thermopair, all same Fig. 4 of other symbols.
Fig. 6 is that the bell of vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove is faced cross-sectional view.
Show among the figure, be fixed with 7 layers of thermoscreen [44] plate in the bottom of lid [27], in the inside of lid is by aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] and the double-deck air layer [18] thickeied, topmost at bell [19] is water-cooled layer [26], also find out simultaneously, be located at the vision slit [17] of lid the inside by bell, its upper end is equipped with observes forms [20], be mixed into tracheae [21] upper end gas mixer [22] is housed, upper end at vapor pipe [23] is added with obstruction [24], be provided with the safety valve [25] of safety discharging air valve [69] and electro connecting pressure gauge [70], be installed in the upper end of relief tube [79], vapor pipe [23] offers the aperture of giving vent to anger [42] through double-deck air layer [18] section on its tube wall, being mixed into tracheae [21], on its tube wall, be added with the structure of radiator element [43] through the aluminum silicate fiber interval.
Fig. 7 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 6.
Show among the figure that the cooling layer on the bell [19] is to be finished by water shoot [45] and water inlet pipe [46], also is provided with three flap seats [47] on the bell, adopt when slinging bell.
The all same Fig. 6 of other symbols.
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of facing of the designed gas mixer of the present invention.
Show among the figure, be mixed into the designed installation in tracheae upper end by housing [53], intake elbow [56], the gas mixer that air inlet straight tube [57] is constituted, its housing [53] is one and has the cup-shaped inner-cavity structure, profile and inner chamber are installed all with the similar ejector nozzle of housing inner chamber [54] in it, upper shed place of housing is welded together with the outer bottom of ejector nozzle, it is welded together then to be provided with air inlet straight tube [57] a plurality of and that outer side ejector nozzle is tangent on the sidewall of housing, and the lower part of frame opening part, then welded together with upper flange [52], lower flange [51] is then welded together with the upper end that is mixed into tracheae, and by bolt [59], nut [60] tightens together, and is added with sealing-ring [61] between two flanges.
Show also among the figure that the spacing of housing [53] inner chamber inclined-plane lower end [55] and ejector nozzle mouth [58] keeps the distance of 10mm, the tapered slope of housing inner chamber and the angle of its axis are 30 °.
Heavy line arrow among the figure is expressed as the ammonia Way in, and the fine line arrow is the Way in of other penetration enhancers, and imaginary point line arrow is represented the flow direction of gas mixture to gas mixture inlet pipe [21].
Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view of facing of gas mixer with 4 penetration enhancers inlets proposed by the invention.
Show among the figure, different with Fig. 8 is, the inlet of penetration enhancer has increased by two, like this, in multiple permeation, various penetration enhancers under driving, ammonia can be mixed into burner hearth simultaneously, as, top intake elbow [56] feeds ammonia, and other three air inlet straight tubes [57] then can feed hydrogen, propane alkene, nitrogen etc. respectively.Each penetration enhancer tube inlet is all equidirectional tangent with the outside surface of ejector nozzle [54] among the figure, and alternate 120 °, the tapered slope of housing inner chamber and the angle of its axis are 45 °, all same Fig. 8 of symbol among the figure.
Figure 10 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 9.
All same Fig. 9 of symbol among the figure.
Figure 11 is that safety valve proposed by the invention is faced cross-sectional view.
Show among the figure, safety valve proposed by the invention is by electro connecting pressure gauge [70], upper nut [68], lower nut [64] and sealing-ring [61] and taking over I[65] with adapter II[67] between also be added with three-way connecting block [66], and by screw [71] and safety discharging air valve [69] link together constitute, safety discharging air valve [69] is by valve body [76] and the valve gap [73] that is threaded with it, in the cavity that is constituted, the spool [72] of fixedlying connected with valve gap [73] by screw [71], in spool [72] chamber, between screw [71] termination and steel ball [77], pressure spring [74] is installed, on the sidewall of valve body [76] and spool [72], have a plurality of venting holes [75], the bottom of valve body [76] is bend pipe [78] shape structure, its bottom is connected with three-way connecting block [66] by screw [71], and between three-way connecting block [66] and valve body [76] bottom, be added with sealing-ring [61], bottom and the contacted mouth of pipe of steel ball [77] place at valve body [76] cavity, be provided with sealing-ring [61], steel ball [77] diameter should be greater than valve body bend pipe [78] internal diameter, and can be under the effect of self gravitation and pressure spring [74] and burner hearth positive pressure, move up and down in spool chamber, the size of its displacing force can be regulated by the screw [71] on pressure spring [74] top.
Safety valve provided by the present invention, be that electro connecting pressure gauge [70] passes through three-way connecting block [66] with safety discharging air valve [69], on, lower nut [68,64] and take over I, II[65,67] constitute, its lower end is threaded by lower nut [64] and relief tube [79], and be added with sealing-ring [61] betwixt, when the stove internal gas pressure changes, as when increasing to above permissible value, electro connecting pressure gauge [70] just can begin to start the electromagnetic intake valve that is located in the body of heater intake ducting by the localized value of pointer and close, because air feed just no longer increases pressure, meanwhile, the steel ball [77] of safety discharging air valve [69], also increase the pressure that the weight that has surpassed steel ball [77] adds pressure spring [74] because of furnace pressure, steel ball is moved in its spool [72], thereby, it releases the interior air pressure of stove because of having left sealing-ring [61], and valve body [76] is just discharged by venting hole [75] is middle with the gas in the spool [72], after the pressure release, restores to the original state again.In some cases, as: when electro connecting pressure gauge or electromagnetic intake valve break down or accident has a power failure, at this moment, safety discharging air valve [69] designed in the safety valve provided by the invention still will be worked as usual, therefore it has played the special role of safety precaution assurance production and personnel safety again, and dotted line is an expression relief tube [69] among the figure.
Figure 12 is the cross-sectional view of facing of observation forms proposed by the invention.
Show among the figure, observing forms mainly is by in viewing window lid [81], viewing glass [82], the viewing window seat of honour [83] and following inspection section structure that [85] are constituted of viewing window, between the viewing window seat of honour [83] and viewing window following [85], vertical its axis is welded with and is provided with mainly perpendicular by axis [90], seal cartridge [91] and thermoscreen [44] in it and the heat insulating box [84] of formation thermoscreen assembly [87], the side cover of heat insulating box [89] tightens together with casing with screw [71] and pad [88], and is added with sealing-ring [61].Thermoscreen [44] position in the drawings just in time is in the inspection section, this explanation, and it is not to be in the observation stage.
Figure 13 is the side-looking structural representation of Figure 12.
Show among the figure that heat insulating box [84] is that a side of a thermoscreen turning direction is half arcual casing, all same Figure 12 of other symbols.
Figure 14 is that thermoscreen is faced cross-sectional view when having located to leave the thermoscreen inspection section.
Show among the figure that when rotating counterclockwise handle [86], thermoscreen [44] is biased to the side with arc-shaped side edges with regard to having left inspection section because rotate, this figure shows, is in the position in observation stage at present, all same Figure 12 of other symbols.
Figure 15 is the side-looking structural representation of Figure 14.
Show among the figure that handle to be rotating counterclockwise 60 °, so thermoscreen turned left counterclockwise also 60 °, from inspection section, left, do not influenced observation.Observation finishes, and clockwise rotates recovery again.
Figure 16 is the cross-sectional view of facing of thermoscreen assembly proposed by the invention.
Show among the figure, three thermoscreens [44] plate, by bolt [59], nut [60], pad [88] and be clipped in that block [99] tightens together in the middle of thermoscreen [44] plate, and be fastened on the termination of screen bar [98], and another termination of screen bar, then be fixed by welding on the side's cover [94] that has square hole, be vertically welded in the seal cartridge [91] on the heat insulating box sidewall, its axis [90] is adorned within it along the axis of its seal cartridge, and be added with pad [88] and sealing-ring [61], then, by the hold-down nut [96] that is enclosed within the axis outside it is compressed, square toes end on the axis [90], will match with the square hole in the square cover [94] is connected, and locks with split pin [93], the other end of axis is an opening end, space in it compresses lubricating oil with pushing away whelk bar [97] after adding vacuum oil again, and oily to pad [88] and sealing-ring [61] by a plurality of holes on the axis.The axis of axis [90] and seal cartridge [91] are same axis, all are perpendicular to the plane at thermoscreen [44] place, and therefore, when rotating by handle [86], axis [90] just drives thermoscreen [44] and rotates in heat insulating box.
Figure 17 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of Figure 16.
All same Figure 16 of symbol among the figure.
The embodiment of invention:
Embodiment 1:
The Niemann screw rod of Dalian Heavy-duty Machine Plant's carburizing is maximum in the world carburizing part, and material is 20Cr2Ni4A, is of a size of Φ 279 * 2237mm.Processing requirement is: carbon content is 0.75～0.90% after the carburizing, and surface hardness is HRC58～62, and infiltration layer is greater than 4mm.
Because the workpiece volume is big, infiltration layer is dark, require primary quenching, horizontal chamber oven and bell furnace can't reach requirement, adopted for this reason the designed size of burner hearth of the utility model be the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace equipment of Φ 1600 * 4000mm for its carburizing, body of heater comprises: by the high vacuum layer, the black vacuum layer, the body of heater that aluminum silicate fiber layer and fire brick layer constitute, the well heater that constitutes by radiator tube and resistance wire, by lid, the aluminum silicate fiber layer, gas cloud, water-cooled layer and seven layers of bell that thermoscreen constitutes, vacuum acquiring system, ion source control system, exhaust system, cooling system and electric power supply control system.Be provided with the anode tube in the inboard of fire brick layer, the distance of itself and fire brick layer is 15mm, and the resistance wire in the well heater radiator tube is snakelike shape, and should keep the gap of 12mm with the radiation tube wall.Concrete algorithm is as follows: 1, equipment is carried out safety inspection
Whether the safety valve that is made of electro connecting pressure gauge and safety discharging air valve is normal, whether the thermoscreen of observing in the forms is rotatable, whether the resistance between negative electrode and the anode is greater than 4M Ω, whether each water inlet pipe of body of heater and rising pipe flowing water is unimpeded, and whether each valve switch should be in its corresponding position according to working specification.2, the preparation work of workpiece
With metal cleaner workpiece being carried out oil removing cleans.3, shove charge
At first utilize lifting device that bell is risen, cleaned workpiece sling with crane hang on the charging basket in the stove, cover bell, at first, open the vacuum nozzle that is communicated with vacuum-pumping tube, afterwards, open the sliding vane rotary pump switch vacuumizing in the stove, when instrument pressure is designated as 1000Pa, open lobe pump and continue to vacuumize till furnace pressure is 7Pa, close hand valve [31].Begin when vacuumizing to heat up, the obstruction [24] of opening vapor pipe makes the thermal expansion gas in double-deck air layer and the aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] emit gas by the aperture of giving vent to anger [42], closes vapor pipe [23] afterwards.After temperature in the stove reaches 955 ± 10 ℃ and samming, open the under meter switch of acetone and ammonia, press ammonia flow 1.0M
2/ h, acetone flow 0.6M
2The blending ratio of/h is mixed, and oozes by force, by the angle of regulating the dish valve pressure in the stove is controlled in the scope of 800Pa all the time, and glow voltage is 700V, and glow current is 55A, and the time of oozing is 4 hours by force.After oozing end by force, it is 1.0M that the adjusting under meter makes ammonia flow
2/ h, acetone flow are 0.16M
2/ h spreads by this mixed, and the angle of regulating the dish valve is controlled in the scope of 700Pa the pressure in the stove all the time, and glow voltage is 700V, and glow current is 55A, and be 16 hours diffusion time.Diffusion is closed under meter and is stopped air feed after finishing, and closes the heating power supply cooling, is incubated half an hour when furnace temperature drops to 860 ℃, and various information of burner hearth and situation are observed by observing forms in not timing ground in entire work process.Measuring body of heater upper surface temperature is 36 ℃, and the middle part temperature is 31 ℃, and temperature of lower is 21 ℃.4, come out of the stove
After insulation finishes, in stove, feed the high pure nitrogen shielding gas, make furnace pressure and barometric point balance after the rise bell workpiece is quenched.5, quality inspection
To workpiece check that with the stove sample infiltration layer is even, 8 grades of cementation zone surface microstructure degree, carbide is the particulate state uniform distribution, effectively infiltration layer is 4.25mm, surface hardness is HRC62, reaches its processing requirement.Situation is as follows compared with the prior art:
1. time ratio, the prior art carburizing reached the dark infiltration layer of 4mm, the utility model technology in 140 hours
The equipment carburizing reached the infiltration layer of 4.25mm in 25 hours, shortened 115 hours on the time;
2. carburizing temperature compares, and carburizing temperature can be higher than 20 ℃ of prior arts;
3. other compare, and current consumption descends 40%, and transless and Muffle pot, furnace wall temperature are 36 ℃, than
75 ℃ of national Specification have reduced by 39 ℃.
Embodiment 2:
For the leading screw of Korea S water mountain heavy industry Co., Ltd. carries out carburizing, material is 2Cr13, and batch is 1 ton, and processing requirement is: carburizing rear surface hardness is Hv990, and infiltration layer is 2mm.
Because the workpiece batch is big, require primary quenching, horizontal chamber oven and bell furnace can't reach requirement, adopted for this reason the designed size of burner hearth of the utility model be the vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace equipment of Φ 2120 * 3125mm for its carburizing, body of heater comprises: by the high vacuum layer, double-deck black vacuum layer, the body of heater that aluminum silicate fiber layer and fire brick layer constitute, the well heater that constitutes by radiator tube and resistance wire, by lid, the thick aluminum silicate fiber layer that reaches 325mm, the double-deck air layer, water-cooled layer and seven layers of bell that thermoscreen constitutes, vacuum acquiring system, ion source control system, exhaust system, cooling system and electric power supply control system.Be provided with the anode tube in the inboard of fire brick layer, the distance of itself and fire brick layer is 12mm, resistance wire in the well heater radiator tube is snakelike shape, and the gap that keeps 10mm with the radiation tube wall, and the gas mixer that is mixed into four inlet pipe of tracheae employing of bell, and be the shape structure of crawling by the aluminum silicate fiber interval.Concrete algorithm is as follows: 1, equipment is carried out safety inspection
The vapor pipe of bell should be with stopping up its sealing after having arranged gas, whether the safety valve that is made of electro connecting pressure gauge and safety discharging air valve is normal, whether the thermoscreen of observing in the forms is rotatable, whether the resistance between negative electrode and the anode is greater than 4M Ω, whether each water inlet pipe of body of heater and rising pipe flowing water is unimpeded, and whether each valve switch should be in its corresponding position according to working specification.2, the preparation work of workpiece
With metal cleaner workpiece being carried out oil removing cleans.3, shove charge
At first utilize lifting device that bell is risen, cleaned workpiece is sling with crane to be hung on the charging basket in the stove, covers bell.At first, open the hand valve of the vacuum nozzle that is communicated with vacuum-pumping tube, afterwards, open the sliding vane rotary pump switch, when instrument pressure is designated as 1000Pa, open lobe pump and continue to vacuumize till furnace pressure is 7Pa, close hand valve [31] vacuumizing in the stove.Begin when vacuumizing to heat up, close vapor pipe [23] after the aperture [42] of the giving vent to anger venting, after temperature in the stove reaches 940 ± 10 ℃ and samming, open the under meter switch of hydrogen, propane alkene and liquefied gas, in gas mixer, mix, ooze by force in 1: 1 ratio, by the angle of regulating the dish valve pressure in the stove is controlled in the scope of 800Pa all the time, glow voltage is 800V, and glow current is 60A, and the time of oozing is 2 hours by force.After oozing end by force, spread, the angle of regulating the dish valve is controlled in the scope of 800Pa the pressure in the stove all the time, and glow voltage is 800V, and glow current is 60A, and be 4 hours diffusion time.Diffusion is closed under meter and is stopped air feed after finishing, and closes the heating power supply cooling, is incubated half an hour when furnace temperature drops to 860 ℃, and various information of burner hearth and situation are observed by observing forms in not timing ground in entire work process.4, come out of the stove
After insulation finishes, in stove, feed the high-purity argon gas shielding gas, make furnace pressure and barometric point balance after the rise bell workpiece is quenched.5, quality inspection
To workpiece check that with the stove sample infiltration layer is even, 8 grades of cementation zone surface microstructure degree, carbide is the particulate state uniform distribution, effectively infiltration layer is 2.0mm, surface hardness is Hv997, reaches its processing requirement.
Claims (7)
1, vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove, mainly comprise: high vacuum layer [10], the body of heater [15] that is made of aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] and fire brick layer [12], the well heater [14] that is made of radiator tube and resistance wire, by bell [19], vacuum acquiring system [6], ion source control system [2], exhaust system [4], cooling system [5], airing system [7] and the electric power supply control system [3] of lid [27], gas cloud [18] and aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] and water-cooled layer [26] formation is characterized in that:
A), on body of heater [15], also be provided with the double-deck black vacuum layer [11] that keeps small gap to be communicated with burner hearth, also be provided with anode tube [13] in the inboard of fire brick layer [12], the distance between its fire brick layer [12] and the anode tube [13] should be greater than 10mm;
B), the resistance wire that is located in the well heater [14] is snakelike shape, and and the radiation tube wall between should keep gap greater than 10mm;
C), on bell [19], its bottom is provided with a plurality of thermoscreens [44] layer structure in the below of lid [27], set gas cloud is double-deck air layer [18] in lid [27];
D), be located at vapor pipe [23] on the bell [19], passing through double-deck air layer [18] section, should on the sidewall of this section vapor pipe, have the aperture of giving vent to anger [42], it is connected with air in each layer of air layer and the aluminum silicate fiber layer [16], exit in vapor pipe [23] upper end is added with obstruction [24], uses after the exhaust and stops up its sealing;
E), be located at and be mixed into tracheae [21] on the bell [19], by aluminum silicate fiber layer [16] section place, be designed to snakelike shape or heat radiation sheet, and gas mixer [22] be installed in the upper end that is mixed into tracheae;
F), on bell [19], be provided with by electro connecting pressure gauge [70] and safety discharging air valve [69] and be connected and the safety valve [25] that constitutes;
G), the observation forms [20] that design has rotating thermoscreen assembly [87] are installed in it in the top of bell [19] vision slit;
H), the vacuum nozzle [30] of body of heater [19] high vacuum layer [10] is connected with vacuum-pumping tube [35] by hand valve [31] control.
2, vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove according to claim 1, in the upper end that is mixed into tracheae [21], by housing [53], intake elbow [56], the gas mixer [22] that air inlet straight tube [57] is constituted, it is characterized in that: housing [53] is an inner-cavity structure with cup-shaped, the tapered slope of its chamber wall and the angle of its axis are 30 °～45 °, and coaxial also design has the similar ejector nozzle [54] of all same housing of its profile and inner chamber [53] inner chamber outline body in its chamber, on the outer side wall of housing [53], then be laid with a plurality of and the tangent air inlet straight tube [57] of outer side ejector nozzle [54], and intake elbow [56] is provided in a side of the top of gas mixer [22], and be connected with the inlet mouth of ejector nozzle, the mode of connection of each part, remove last, lower flange [52,51] with bolt [59], nut [60] is fastening, and be added with outside the sealing-ring [61], be and be weldingly connected.
3, vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: ejector nozzle mouth [58] end in the gas mixer [22] should keep at a distance of 10～20mm with housing inner chamber inclined-plane lower end [55].
4, vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove according to claim 1, go up designed safety valve at bell [19], be by electro connecting pressure gauge [70], take over I[65], take over II[67], upper nut [68], lower nut [64] and sealing-ring [61] constituted, it is characterized in that: taking over I[65] with adapter II[67] between also be added with three-way connecting block [66], and link together by screw and safety discharging air valve [69].
5, according to claim 1 or 4 described vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stoves, it is characterized in that: safety discharging air valve [69] is by valve body [76], valve gap [73], spool [72], pressure spring [74], steel ball [77] and sealing-ring [61] constitute, wherein, valve body [76] and valve gap [73] are for being threaded, spool [72] is provided in a side of in the chamber between valve gap [73] and the valve body [76], and be fastened together by screw [71] and valve gap [73], pressure spring [74] is located between the screw [71] and steel ball in spool [72] chamber, on the sidewall of valve body [76] and spool [72], also have a plurality of venting holes [75], valve body [76] bottom be the syphon shape structure, its bottom is connected with three-way connecting block [66] by screw [71], and be added with sealing-ring [61] in the junction, bottom and the contacted mouth of pipe of steel ball place at valve cavity, also be provided with sealing-ring [61], the diameter of steel ball [77] should be greater than the internal diameter of valve body bend pipe, and can be at self gravitation and pressure spring [74], under the effect of burner hearth positive pressure, move up and down along the valve core cavity wall, the big I of its displacing force is regulated by the screw [71] on pressure spring top.
6, vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stove according to claim 1, at the designed observation forms [20] in vision slit [17] upper end, comprise: by the viewing window seat of honour [83], following of viewing window [85], viewing glass [82], the inspection section that viewing window lid [81] is constituted, it is characterized in that: between the viewing window seat of honour [83] of inspection section and viewing window following [85], it mainly is by axis [90] that vertical its axis is welded with in it, seal cartridge [91] and thermoscreen [44] are perpendicular and constitute the heat insulating box [84] of thermoscreen assembly [87], two and half arcual sidewalls of heat insulating box, the plane that is parallel to thermoscreen [44] plate place, and perpendicular to axis [90] be fixed on seal cartridge [91] on heat insulating box one curved wall, the side cover of heat insulating box [89] is fastened on its casing with screw [71], and be added with sealing-ring [61] betwixt, and be threaded between the viewing window seat of honour and the viewing window lid, viewing glass is clipped in therebetween, and seals with sealing-ring [61].
7, according to claim 1 or 6 described vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose stoves, it is characterized in that: go up designed observation forms [20] at bell [19], thermoscreen assembly [87] is mainly by axis [90], seal cartridge [91] and thermoscreen [44] are perpendicular and constitute, its structure is that thermoscreen [44] passes through bolt, nut, block and packing ring are spaced apart with its each sheet, and be fixed on the screen bar [98] an end, the other end of screen bar has on side's cover [94] of square hole in the middle of being vertically welded in it, the square hole that this side puts matches with the square toes end of the axis [90] that is contained in seal cartridge [91] lining and is connected, and lock with split pin [93], between axis and seal cartridge, be added with packing ring [88] and sealing-ring [61], and compress by hold-down nut [96], be added with vacuum grease lubricating oil in the cavity of axis, compress sealing with pushing away whelk bar [97], handle [86] is welded on the below of axis opening end, seal cartridge [91] is vertically welded in thermoscreen casing [84] and has on the sidewall of viewing glass, its axis normal is in the plane at thermoscreen [44] plate place, and is parallel to the axis of inspection section.
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| CN 02124558 CN1394982A (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-06-20 | Vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace |
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| CN 02124558 CN1394982A (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2002-06-20 | Vacuum well type tank-free ion carburizing multipurpose furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8465598B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2013-06-18 | Ihi Corporation | Vacuum carburization processing method and vacuum carburization processing apparatus |
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| US8741061B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2014-06-03 | Ihi Corporation | Vacuum carburization method and vacuum carburization apparatus |
| CN103898437A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-07-02 | 江苏益科热处理设备有限公司 | High-temperature carburizing multi-purpose furnace by adopting composite furnace liner structure |
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| US8465598B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2013-06-18 | Ihi Corporation | Vacuum carburization processing method and vacuum carburization processing apparatus |
| CN102154614B (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社Ihi | Vacuum carburization processing method and vacuum carburization processing apparatus |
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| CN107557722B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2019-05-21 | 株式会社 Ihi | Cementing plant |
| CN107557722A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2018-01-09 | 株式会社 Ihi | Cementing plant |
| CN108723368A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-02 | 中北大学 | A kind of method that SLM formings 316L components eliminate support construction |
| CN110230024B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-08-13 | 昆山三民涂赖电子材料技术有限公司 | Process for nitriding metal surfaces |
| CN110230024A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-09-13 | 台州市晨肇新材料科技有限公司 | For the technique to metal surface nitriding |
| CN110230023A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-09-13 | 台州市晨肇新材料科技有限公司 | Metal surface salt-bath nitriding and QPQ technique |
| CN110230023B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-07-16 | 常德市广和机械制造有限公司 | Metal surface salt bath nitriding and QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) process |
| CN110230022A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-09-13 | 台州市晨肇新材料科技有限公司 | For the QPQ technique to Treatment of Metal Surface |
| CN110230022B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-08-13 | 昆山三民涂赖电子材料技术有限公司 | QPQ process for treating metal surfaces |
| WO2020156334A1 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | 武汉科技大学 | Metal-material heat insulation device and heat insulation method |
| CN113215520A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-08-06 | 燕山大学 | Pressure atmosphere heat treatment device |
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| CN113275543B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Counter-gravity filling cabin for large-size complex amorphous alloy component |
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