CN1391300A - Seawater battery - Google Patents
Seawater battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1391300A CN1391300A CN 02134342 CN02134342A CN1391300A CN 1391300 A CN1391300 A CN 1391300A CN 02134342 CN02134342 CN 02134342 CN 02134342 A CN02134342 A CN 02134342A CN 1391300 A CN1391300 A CN 1391300A
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- battery
- magnesium
- seawater battery
- anode
- seawater
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Abstract
A seawater battery has cathode and anode isolated from each other. Said anode is made of Mg-alloy. Said cathode is a nno-soluble electric conducting substrate modified by AgCl, CuCl2, AgO, Ag2O, or electrically conductive high-molecular film. Its advantages are simple structure, high weight, small size, high working current, and high environment protection effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology, particularly a kind of seawater battery.Mainly in order to be operated in the seawater zone or other contains the power supply of the electronic equipment in the salt waters.
Background technology
At sea or the electronic equipment such as the sea marker of working in other saliferous waters, hydrometeorological buoy, underwater detectoscope, diving engine etc. all need to adopt battery to be used as power supply provides energy; Existing widely used battery has MnZn dry cell, alkaline battery, plumbous sulfuric acid rechargeable battery, air-zinc battery etc., first three is planted battery and all contains poisonous mercury, lead, severe corrosive KOH and sulfuric acid etc., can cause environmental pollution after fabrication stage and the use, and have that power output is less, content volume, and is not suitable for using in seawater than big and the storage problem such as fast that lost efficacy than big, tara.Air-zinc battery must use in air ambient, can not use in seawater.Be applicable to the battery that uses in the seawater in order to develop, application number is made electrolyte for 96206163 Chinese utility model patent provides " a kind of seawater battery " this battery with seawater, the minus plate of battery is installed in above water, utilize airborne oxygen to make the depolarizing agent of negative electrode, metallic anode plate is contained in below the horizontal plane, minus plate is filled with the bibulous material of sponge one class to this segment distance of horizontal plane, positive and negative ion arrives positive and negative pole plate respectively by the seawater electrolysis matter that absorbs in the sponge and carries out chemical reaction generation electric current, uses for electrical appliance; The waterproof technology more complicated of this seawater battery, and because battery needs airborne oxygen as depolarizing agent, so this battery must be communicated with atmosphere, thereby working range is restricted.In order to overcome the shortcoming of this metalloid-air-seawater assembled battery, provide a kind of " dissolved oxygen in water battery " in the patent No. for 95212257 Chinese utility model patent, this battery is to make electrolyte with seawater, make the negative electrode of battery with large-area net metal or other electric conducting material, utilize dissolved oxygen in the water as the cathodic depolarization agent of battery, make the anode of battery with aluminium, magnesium, zinc and alloy thereof; Though this battery can be applied to wider field, its cathode efficiency is extremely low, and the current density that is produced is at 300mA/m
2About, for satisfying big electric current needs, just have to its effective area is designed to 5～50 times of anode, thereby the battery volume is quite big, is not suitable for underwater engine power supply and sea rescue etc. and wants the field boundary that cube is little, electric current is big to close.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide that a kind of volume is little, electric current is big, easy to use, good, the applied widely seawater battery of storage performance.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: this seawater battery comprises separated negative electrode and metal anode, and described metal anode is magnesium metal or magnesium alloy, and negative electrode is that insoluble conductive base is modified AgCl, CuCl
2, adsorb Ag on macromolecule conductive film or the porous substrate
+, Cu
2+, Ca
2+Form Deng material; This battery is disposable Magnesium sea water battery, and its cell reaction principle is: magnesium elements in magnesium and the alloy thereof and the Cl in the seawater
-Reaction generates MgCl and MgCl
2, with Mg
2+Mode is dissolved and is entered in the seawater, emits 2 electronics simultaneously, finishes cathode reaction; As being anode material with AgCl, Ag
+Obtain 1 electronics by interior circuit and be converted into metal A g, finish the anode electrode reaction, just have electric current to flow, realize the function of battery at the external circuit that connects two electrodes.
This seawater battery also can be rechargeable Magnesium sea water battery, and its metal anode is magnesium metal or magnesium alloy, and negative electrode is to modify AgO, Ag on the insoluble conductive base
2Composition such as O, conducting polymer film; The cell reaction principle of this rechargeable Magnesium sea water battery is: as with AgO/Ag
2O is a cathode material, and AgO obtains 1 electronics by interior circuit and is converted into Ag during battery discharge
2O, the cathode electrode reaction when finishing discharge.Ag during battery charge
2O loses 1 electronics by external circuit and is converted into AgO, the cathode electrode reaction when finishing charging.Realize the storage battery function of repeated charge.
The electro-chemical reaction equations of this seawater battery sees Table 1.
The electrochemical reaction of table 1, each electrode of Magnesium sea water battery
| Type | Anode reaction | Cathode reaction |
| Disposable Magnesium sea water battery | ????Mg→Mg 2++2e | ??Ag ++e→Ag |
| Rechargeable Magnesium sea water battery | (discharge): Mg → Mg 2++2e | ??Ag 2++2e→Ag + |
| (charging): 2H ++2e→H 2↑ | ??Ag +→Ag 2++2e |
In order to realize better effect, described metal anode adopts pure magnesium or content of magnesium greater than 80% magnesium alloy, dual element or multielement alloy as Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co etc., its content is regulated according to the requirement of negative electrode mechanical degrees and discharge performance power, generally between 0.1-20%, with 0.1-10% for well; Surpass 20% alloy, the Mg element is difficult for participating in electrode reaction and the fan-out capability (being that internal resistance strengthens) that reduced battery.
Described magnesium metal or magnesium alloy can be made film, thin plate, netted, cavernous body and different shape and form such as bar-shaped according to instructions for use; Its surface is different with storage condition according to using, and can carry out purification process or coating protective.When magnesium and alloy thereof are netted or during the cavernous body shape, can improve the effective contact area with seawater greatly, reach the purpose that improves battery performance.
This seawater battery can be designed to dull and stereotyped stacked, film rolling cartridge type, center column anode type structure, to adapt to the needs of different operating positions.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: (1) is simple in structure, in light weight, volume is little, the storage performance is good; This seawater battery only is made of the structure of yin, yang pole plate and support cathode and anode, it is all solid state material, non-corrosiveness colloid and liquid exist, do not need medium (being seawater) before the use, the weight of unit capacity is very little, can preserve and not take place in several years to lose efficacy or capacity reduces phenomenon, relatively be suitable for taking precautions against natural calamities, the power supply standby or commonly used of military, maritime affairs and people's livelihood purposes; (2) operating current is big; Anode and cathode can be made very thin membranaceous, and except that effective area was very big, two interpolars made it to be controlled in the 3mm at interval with very thin hydrophily barrier film, and the internal resistance of cell is very little, thereby discharging current is big.(3) easy to use; This seawater battery does not limit to placing water surface site to use as long as contact seawater or other contain the salt waters can normally be used, thereby very easy to use, and applicable scope is wider; (4) environment protecting is good; This seawater battery generates naturally occurring MgO and Mg behind magnesium and the alloy reaction thereof except that working medium is natural sea-water
2+Be the environmental protection material of overall safety, can't damage, thereby overcome the shortcoming that existing battery causes environmental pollution easily environment; (5) battery types can change flexibly; This seawater battery can be changed electrode material as required flexibly, makes disposable common seawater battery or rechargeable battery, and can be designed to dull and stereotyped stacked, film rolling cartridge type, center column anode type structure, adapts to the demand of various different occasions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of seawater battery of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the another kind of seawater battery of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another seawater battery of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further concrete description, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of version of the present invention, as seen from Figure 1, this seawater battery is a kind of rolling seawater battery that designs for Mae West, comprise thin slice magnesium anode 1, sponge barrier film 2, film chlorination silver cathode 3, cathode leg 4, anode tap 5, moistureproof external packing 6, thin slice magnesium anode 1 adopts pure magnesium, sponge barrier film 2 is separated thin slice magnesium anode 1 and film chlorination silver cathode 3, anode tap 5 is connected with film chlorination silver cathode 3 with thin slice magnesium anode 1 respectively with cathode leg 4, and moistureproof external packing 6 is coated on the moon, sealed damp-proof is carried out in the outside of anode material.When the user need use, tearing moistureproof external packing 6 allows seawater enter absorbent sponge barrier film 2 between thin slice magnesium anode 1 and the film chlorination silver cathode 2, electrochemical reaction taking place between thin slice magnesium anode 1 and the film chlorination silver cathode 2 produce electric power, can be used for sending the emergency flash of light or drive transmitter output distress signal; Experimental result shows: the anode and cathode effective area is 5.0cm
2The test sheet battery, actual measurement open end voltage is 1.75V, the terminal voltage during the 30mA discharge is 1.55v, can continuous discharge about 25 minutes, possess the ability of making practical battery.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 shows another kind of version of the present invention, as seen from Figure 2, this seawater battery is a kind of rechargeable seawater battery that designs for sea marker, comprise board-like magnesium anode 7, anode tap 8, board-like silver oxide negative electrode 9, cathode leg 10, fixed block 11, board-like magnesium anode 7 adopts magnadure, be connected with anode tap 8, board-like silver oxide negative electrode 9 adopts AgO and Ag
2O makes, and is connected with cathode leg 10, board-like magnesium anode 7 and board-like silver oxide negative electrode 9 alternate being connected on the fixed block 11.In use, this seawater battery is put into the sea, just can produce the work of driven by power navigation light; This battery can use the electric power of solar cell generation or use the power charge of tidal wave generator; Experimental result shows: the anode and cathode effective area is 5.0cm
2The test sheet battery, be 1.65V through actual measurement open end voltage, the terminal voltage during the 25mA discharge is 1.25v, can continuous discharge about 20 minutes.Terminal voltage after the discharge is about 0.85v fully; With 50mA charging 20 minutes, can use about 20 minutes by above-mentioned discharging condition again, repeated charge tens times and performance does not have significant change possesses the practical rechargeable battery ability of making.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 3 shows another kind of version of the present invention, as seen from Figure 3, this seawater battery is a kind of rechargeable seawater battery that designs replaceable positive plate for marine canoe and diving engine, include board-like magnesium anode 12, anode interior lead-in wire 13, board-like silver oxide negative electrode 14, minus earth line 15, on hull 16, be fixed with non-conductive solid support 17, detachable board-like magnesium anode 12 on the non-conductive solid support 17, board-like magnesium anode 12 is connected with anode interior lead-in wire 13, and board-like silver oxide negative electrode 14 is connected with minus earth line 15; When this seawater battery immerses in the seawater, can produce driven by power canoe or the work of diving engine.The board-like magnesium anode 12 of this seawater battery can split out replacing easily, can reuse after the anode charging, can reach the effect that reduces cost and save resource like this.The experimental data of the test sheet battery of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 2.
The foregoing description is preferred embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification of being done under spirit of the present invention and the technology or substitutes; all should be the displacement of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of seawater battery comprises separated negative electrode and metal anode, it is characterized in that: described metal anode is pure magnesium or content of magnesium greater than 80% magnesium alloy.
2, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described negative electrode is that insoluble conductive base is modified AgCl, CuCl
2, adsorb Ag on macromolecule conductive film or the porous substrate
+, Cu
2+, Ca
2+Constitute.
3, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described negative electrode is to modify AgO, Ag on the insoluble conductive base
2O, conducting polymer film constitute.
4, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described magnesium alloy is dual element or the multielement alloy of Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co
5, seawater battery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the content of described Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co is 0.1～10%.
6, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described magnesium metal or magnesium alloy are made film, thin plate, netted, cavernous body and bar-shaped shape.
7, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described magnesium metal or Mg alloy surface carry out purification process or coating protective.
8, seawater battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described negative electrode and metal anode are dull and stereotyped stacked, film rolling cartridge type, center column anode type structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134342 CN1391300A (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Seawater battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134342 CN1391300A (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Seawater battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1391300A true CN1391300A (en) | 2003-01-15 |
Family
ID=4747694
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134342 Pending CN1391300A (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-07-12 | Seawater battery |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1391300A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100392893C (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2008-06-04 | 华南理工大学 | Bonderizing method for surface of magnesium polar plate of seawater battery |
| CN100401560C (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2008-07-09 | 华南理工大学 | Magnesium-polar board surface chemical corrosion treatment for seawater battery |
| CN101702438B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-06-01 | 黑龙江慧能绿色能源科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous medium battery and manufacture method thereof, life jacket GPS positioning device and alarm lamp device |
| CN105428591A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-23 | 厦门朗纳科工贸有限公司 | Seawater battery negative electrode and manufacturing process |
| CN106972205A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-21 | 马晓军 | A kind of silver salt acidic twice battery |
| CN109686588A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-26 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of super capacitance cell based on seawater electrolysis matter |
| CN111640906A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-08 | 武汉中原长江科技发展有限公司 | Positive electrode of high-specific-energy quick-activation seawater battery and preparation method |
| CN117393786A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | High specific energy seawater battery and preparation method thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-07-12 CN CN 02134342 patent/CN1391300A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100392893C (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2008-06-04 | 华南理工大学 | Bonderizing method for surface of magnesium polar plate of seawater battery |
| CN100401560C (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2008-07-09 | 华南理工大学 | Magnesium-polar board surface chemical corrosion treatment for seawater battery |
| CN101702438B (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-06-01 | 黑龙江慧能绿色能源科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous medium battery and manufacture method thereof, life jacket GPS positioning device and alarm lamp device |
| CN105428591A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-03-23 | 厦门朗纳科工贸有限公司 | Seawater battery negative electrode and manufacturing process |
| CN105428591B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-12-12 | 厦门朗纳科工贸有限公司 | A kind of seawater battery negative electrode and manufacturing process |
| CN106972205A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-21 | 马晓军 | A kind of silver salt acidic twice battery |
| CN109686588A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-26 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of super capacitance cell based on seawater electrolysis matter |
| CN109686588B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2024-02-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Super capacitor battery based on seawater electrolyte |
| CN111640906A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-08 | 武汉中原长江科技发展有限公司 | Positive electrode of high-specific-energy quick-activation seawater battery and preparation method |
| CN117393786A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | High specific energy seawater battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN117393786B (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-02-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | High specific energy seawater battery and preparation method thereof |
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