CN113851665A - Electrolyte and aluminum-air battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte and aluminum-air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851665A CN113851665A CN202111195997.7A CN202111195997A CN113851665A CN 113851665 A CN113851665 A CN 113851665A CN 202111195997 A CN202111195997 A CN 202111195997A CN 113851665 A CN113851665 A CN 113851665A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/045—Cells with aqueous electrolyte characterised by aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolyte and an aluminum-air battery, which comprise the following preparation raw materials: sodium chloride and corrosion inhibitors; the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following preparation raw materials: natural amino acids, carbohydrates and plant essential oils. The aluminum-air battery adopts the electrolyte containing the tea tree essential oil, the amino acid and the carbohydrate, can control the over-quick self-corrosion of the alkaline aluminum-air battery, can ensure that the aluminum anode alloy has higher electrochemical activity, has important significance for improving the discharge efficiency of the battery and prolonging the discharge life, and is beneficial to the commercial application of the aluminum-air battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to electrolyte and an aluminum-air battery.
Background
The metal-air battery is a new generation of green storage battery, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high specific energy, recyclable raw materials and excellent performance. At present, most of metal-air batteries studied at present include zinc-air batteries, aluminum-air batteries, lithium-air batteries, and the like, and only zinc-air batteries are the most suitable for industrialization. In a potential sequence, aluminum is more active than zinc, and higher battery voltage can be obtained; one aluminum atom can release three electrons, and one zinc atom can release two electrons, so that the aluminum can improve the energy of the battery; in addition, the aluminum reserves are abundant and the price is low, so the research progress of the aluminum air battery is very rapid, and the aluminum air battery is an air battery with development prospect.
An aluminum-air battery is a novel battery which takes aluminum and air as battery materials. Aluminum has its unique advantages as an anode material for air cells: the electrochemical equivalent is high, the electrochemical equivalent of the aluminum is 2980 A.h/kg, and the aluminum is the highest metal except lithium; the electrode potential is more negative, the standard electrode potential is-2.35V (vs. SHE) in alkaline solution, and for the anode material, the more negative the potential, the better the potential, and the battery can provide larger electromotive force; the aluminum has rich resources and low price.
The aluminum-air battery consists of an aluminum anode, an air cathode and electrolyte; during the discharging process, oxygen in the air enters the electrolyte through the air cathode to reach the reaction interface to generate reduction reaction, and electric energy is released. The electrolyte is a bridge connecting the air electrode and the aluminum anode, transfers various cations and anions, and is a storage box for temporarily storing the product aluminum hydroxide in the discharging process of the aluminum-air battery. Therefore, the performance of the aluminum-air battery is directly affected by the performance of the electrolyte. Typical aluminum air cell electrolytes are available in two types, alkaline solutions and salt solutions. In the related technology, in order to improve the performance of the electrolyte, an inorganic corrosion inhibitor is added into the electrolyte; however, most inorganic corrosion inhibitors can reduce the self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy material used for the aluminum anode to a certain extent, but usually do so at the expense of the activity of the anode; and most of inorganic corrosive agents are chemically synthesized, the preparation cost is high, the price is high, certain components can cause environmental pollution, certain toxic action is caused to human, and the requirement of environmental protection is not met.
Therefore, it is required to develop an electrolyte which is environmentally friendly and can improve the electrochemical performance of the aluminum-air battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the electrolyte which is green and environment-friendly and can improve the electrochemical performance of the aluminum-air battery.
The invention also provides an aluminum-air battery.
The invention provides an electrolyte in a first aspect, which comprises the following preparation raw materials: sodium chloride and corrosion inhibitors;
the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following preparation raw materials: natural amino acids, carbohydrates and plant essential oils.
The corrosion inhibitor is added with natural amino acid, carbohydrate and plant essential oil, and the organic matter contains a large amount of atoms such as N, O and the like and can provide lone electron pairs for aluminum, so that the organic matter is adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum, the contact between the aluminum and water molecules is reduced, and the hydrogen evolution self-corrosion is reduced.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte comprises the following raw materials for preparation in parts by mass: 3 to 9 percent of sodium chloride and 0.01 to 1 percent of corrosion inhibitor.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte is prepared by including 0.01% to 0.8% of corrosion inhibitor in raw materials.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following raw materials for preparation in parts by mass: 5 to 10 percent of natural amino acid, 10 to 20 percent of carbohydrate, 20 to 60 percent of plant essential oil and the balance of solvent.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the solvent comprises ethanol.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following raw materials by mass: 5 to 10 percent of natural amino acid, 10 to 20 percent of carbohydrate, 20 to 50 percent of plant essential oil and the balance of solvent.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the natural amino acid comprises at least one of cysteine, cystine, serine and aspartic acid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the saccharide compound comprises at least one of glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant essential oil comprises tea tree essential oil.
In the corrosion inhibitor, the tea tree essential oil is extracted from tea trees, has wide sources and low price, and is environment-friendly and nontoxic; tea tree essential oil is a complex mixture composed of many different types of aromatic compounds, the main components of which include: menthene (terpinene), terpineol (pinene), limonene (limonene), cineol (cineole), terpineol (terpineol), anisin (cumene). The group molecules have lone-pair electrons which can provide electrons for the empty orbit of the metal, and oxygen atoms in the group are adsorbed on the surface of the metal through the lone-pair electrons to form an insoluble complex layer, so that the surface of the metal is separated from an aqueous solution, and a corrosion inhibition effect is achieved. The aluminum anode has the advantages of low cost, low toxicity or no toxicity, no environmental pollution and the like, can obviously reduce the self-corrosion rate of the aluminum anode and improve the electrochemical performance of the aluminum anode when being added into the electrolyte, and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The invention provides an aluminum-air battery, and the preparation raw materials comprise the electrolyte.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aluminum-air cell further comprises an aluminum anode and an air cathode.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aluminum anode is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: mg0.05-1%, Ga0.05-4%, In0.01-2% and Al in balance.
Mg element is beneficial to reducing anodic polarization of aluminum anode dissolution and improving current density of the aluminum anode, but Mg is easy to react with Al to generate an intermediate product Mg with cathode characteristics5Al18Resulting in intergranular corrosion and reduced utilization of the aluminum anode.
Ga element can prevent the surface of aluminum from generating a passive film, and change the anisotropy of aluminum crystal grains in the dissolving process, thereby enabling the aluminum anode to be corroded uniformly and improving the electrochemical performance.
The addition of In element easily generates segregation phase, forms activation site, promotes the dissolution of surrounding aluminum matrix, and dissolves In solution3+The aluminum oxide film is deposited on the surface of the aluminum matrix to separate the aluminum matrix from the oxide film, which is beneficial to the activation of the anode, but is easy to cause the reduction of the utilization rate of the aluminum anode. Therefore, one or more of Mg, Ga and In are added into the aluminum anode, and the aluminum anode can effectively inhibit hydrogen evolution self-corrosion and is beneficial to active substance conversion by utilizing mutual balance among elements.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the air cathode is formed by pressing a catalytic layer, an electrically conductive nickel mesh and a waterproof breathable layer.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the air cathode has a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.6 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the raw materials for preparing the catalytic layer comprise: catalyst, conductive agent, active carbon and adhesive.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the catalyst is γ -MnO2。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the conductive agent comprises at least one of carbon black, graphene, metal powder, and a conductive polymer.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the binder comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinyl alcohol.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the catalytic layer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 40 portions of catalyst, 5 to 20 portions of conductive agent, 25 to 65 portions of active carbon and 20 to 55 portions of adhesive.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the catalytic layer has a thickness of 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the waterproof breathable layer consists of the following preparation raw materials: polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mass fraction of polytetrafluoroethylene in the waterproof breathable layer is between 40% and 60%.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the waterproof breathable layer has a thickness of 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the following advantageous effects are provided:
the aluminum-air battery adopts the electrolyte containing the tea tree essential oil, the amino acid and the carbohydrate, so that the excessive self-corrosion of the alkaline aluminum-air battery can be controlled, the higher electrochemical activity of the aluminum anode alloy can be ensured, the aluminum-air battery has important significance for improving the discharge efficiency of the battery and prolonging the discharge life, and the commercial application of the aluminum-air battery is facilitated; the open circuit voltage of the aluminum alloy anode material is good and is-1.86V (vs. SHE) to-1.98V (vs. SHE), and the open circuit voltage is higher than that of the aluminum alloy anode materialThe self-corrosion rate in the electrolyte is low (less than or equal to 3.58 mg/cm)2H), surface corrosion is uniform; the discharge current density of the aluminum-air battery is 100mA/cm2The electromotive force of the test for 10 hours is 1.90V-2.15V, and the electrochemical performance is excellent.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Specific examples of the present invention are described in detail below.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 percent of sodium chloride, 0.5 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water. 100g
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% natural amino acid (cysteine), 15% saccharide (glucose), 60% plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil, CAS No. 68647-73-4) and the balance ethanol.
The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: adding sodium chloride into water to obtain a sodium chloride solution; and adding the corrosion inhibitor into a sodium chloride solution to obtain the electrolyte.
The aluminum-air battery of the embodiment comprises an aluminum anode, an air cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is the electrolyte for the aluminum-air battery.
The aluminum anode is an aluminum alloy anode material and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg0.6%, In0.1%, Ga0.05% and the balance of Al.
The air cathode is formed by pressing a catalytic layer, a conductive nickel net and a waterproof breathable layer;
the catalyst layer is made of gamma-MnO2And carbon black, activated carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 4: 5, rolling to form a film layer with the thickness of 0.6 mm;
the waterproof breathable layer is a film layer with the thickness of 0.4mm, which is prepared by mixing polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black according to the weight ratio of 1:1 and rolling;
finally, the catalyst layer, the conductive nickel net and the waterproof breathable layer are pressed into an air cathode with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte is 3.24mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.92V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 1.98V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 percent of sodium chloride, 1 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% natural amino acid (cystine), 20% saccharide (maltose), 60% plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance ethanol.
The aluminum alloy anode of the embodiment isThe self-corrosion rate in the electrolyte is 2.17mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.95V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 2.15V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment is composed of the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 9% of sodium chloride, 1% of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 5% of natural amino acid (cystine), 10% of carbohydrate (fructose), 20% of plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance of ethanol.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode of the embodiment in the electrolyte is 3.58mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.86V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 1.90V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 4
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 3 percent of sodium chloride, 0.5 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8% of natural amino acid (cysteine), 20% of carbohydrate (glucose), 50% of plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance of ethanol.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte is 2.93mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.98V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 2.08V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 5
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 5 percent of sodium chloride, 0.8 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8% of natural amino acid (cysteine), 20% of carbohydrate (glucose), 50% of plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance of ethanol.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte is 2.85mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.93V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 2.10V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 6
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 7 percent of sodium chloride, 0.6 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8% of natural amino acid (cysteine), 20% of carbohydrate (glucose), 50% of plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance of ethanol.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode of the embodiment in the electrolyte is 3.02mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.95V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 2.01V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Example 7
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
the electrolyte of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 8 percent of sodium chloride, 0.7 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water.
The corrosion inhibitor of the embodiment comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 8% of natural amino acid (cysteine), 20% of carbohydrate (glucose), 50% of plant essential oil (tea tree essential oil) and the balance of ethanol.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode of the embodiment in the electrolyte is 3.46mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.91V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 1.96V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that: no cysteine was added.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte is 5.06mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.85V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h is 1.86V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that: no glucose was added.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode of the embodiment in the electrolyte is 4.96mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.82V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h of the time test is 1.88V, and the surface of the anode alloy is uniformly corroded.
Comparative example 3
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: tea tree essential oil is not added.
The self-corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte is 6.06mg/cm2H, open circuit potential of-1.77V (vs. SHE), and discharge current density of 100mA/cm in electrolyte2The electromotive force of 10h of the time test is 1.76V, and the surface of the anode alloy is uniformly corroded.
The performance test results of the electrolytes prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are shown in Table 1.
From the data in table 1 it follows:
the self-corrosion rate in the electrolytes obtained in examples 1 to 7 of the present invention was as low as 2.17mg/cm2·h～3.58mg/cm2H, the open circuit potential reaches-1.86 (vs. SHE) to-1.98V (vs. SHE), and the discharge current density of the air battery in the electrolyte is 100mA/cm2The electromotive force of 10h is 1.90V-2.15V, and the surface of the anode alloy is corroded uniformly. Experimental results show that the electrolyte can obviously reduce the self-corrosion rate of the aluminum anode, so that the aluminum anode alloy has good corrosion resistance and high electrochemical activity, and the requirement of high-current density discharge of the alkaline aluminum-air battery is met.
In conclusion, the aluminum-air battery adopts the electrolyte containing the tea tree essential oil, the amino acid and the carbohydrate, so that the self-corrosion of the alkaline aluminum-air battery can be controlled to be too fast, the aluminum anode alloy can be ensured to have higher electrochemical activity, the aluminum-air battery has important significance for improving the discharge efficiency of the battery and prolonging the discharge life, and the aluminum-air battery is beneficial to the commercial application of the aluminum-air battery; the aluminum alloy anode material has good open circuit voltage of-1.86V (SHE) to-1.98V (SHE), and low self-corrosion rate (less than or equal to 3.58 mg/cm) in electrolyte2H), surface corrosion is uniform; the discharge current density of the aluminum-air battery is 100mA/cm2The electromotive force of the test for 10 hours is 1.90V-2.15V, and the electrochemical performance is excellent.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte, characterized by: the method comprises the following preparation raw materials: sodium chloride and corrosion inhibitors;
the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following preparation raw materials: natural amino acids, carbohydrates and plant essential oils.
2. An electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 3 to 9 percent of sodium chloride and 0.01 to 1 percent of corrosion inhibitor; preferably, the electrolyte comprises 0.01-0.8% of corrosion inhibitor in the preparation raw materials.
3. An electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 5 to 10 percent of natural amino acid, 10 to 20 percent of carbohydrate, 20 to 60 percent of plant essential oil and the balance of solvent; preferably, the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 5 to 10 percent of natural amino acid, 10 to 20 percent of carbohydrate, 20 to 50 percent of plant essential oil and the balance of solvent.
4. An electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the natural amino acid comprises at least one of cysteine, cystine, serine and aspartic acid; preferably, the saccharide compound includes at least one of glucose, fructose, maltose and sucrose; preferably, the plant essential oil comprises tea tree essential oil.
5. An aluminum-air battery, characterized in that: comprising an electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. An aluminum-air cell according to claim 5, wherein: also included are an aluminum anode and an air cathode.
7. An aluminum-air cell according to claim 6, wherein: the aluminum anode is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: mg0.05-1%, Ga0.05-4%, In0.01-2% and Al in balance.
8. An aluminum-air cell according to claim 6, wherein: the air cathode is formed by pressing a catalyst layer, a conductive nickel net and a waterproof breathable layer; preferably, the thickness of the air cathode is 0.2mm to 0.6 mm.
9. An aluminum-air cell according to claim 8, wherein: the preparation raw materials of the catalytic layer comprise: a catalyst, a conductive agent, activated carbon and a binder; preferably, the catalyst is gamma-MnO2(ii) a Preferably, the conductive agent includes at least one of carbon black, graphene, metal powder, and a conductive polymer; preferably, the adhesive comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl alcohol; preferably, the catalytic layer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 40 parts of catalyst, 5 to 20 parts of conductive agent, 25 to 65 parts of active carbon and 20 to 55 parts of adhesive; preferably, the thickness of the catalytic layer is 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
10. An aluminum-air cell according to claim 8, wherein: the waterproof breathable layer is prepared from the following raw materials: polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black; preferably, the mass fraction of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the waterproof breathable layer is 40-60%; preferably, the thickness of the waterproof breathable layer is 0.3-0.8 mm.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114709527A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-07-05 | 天津大学 | High-safety electrolyte for aluminum-air battery and preparation method thereof |
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