CN1387603A - Method for processing production layer in bottom hole area, packer therefor and method for securing packer inside bottom of hole - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed method for processing the productive formation in a bottom-hole zone of a well (1) comprises heating the liquid in the bottom-hole zone of a well (1) and removing clogging products therefrom. In accordance with the technical solution, the upper part of the bottom-hole zone of the well (1) is sealed before heating the liquid, thus forming a bottom-hole chamber (6), and after the heating, the liquid within the volume of the bottom-hole chamber (6) is cooled and then this chamber is unsealed before removing the clogging products therefrom. In the proposed packer (4) for processing the productive formation in the bottom-hole zone of a well (1), comprising a body (10) with a means for radial compaction in the form of sliding cheeks, a cup-type seal (15) and a drive, and a suspension means (2), in accordance with the technical solution, the lower end face (5) is made in the form of a concave surface of the second order. A method for fixing a packer (4) in a well (1), comprising lowering it into the well (1) to a required depth, increasing the diametral size of the packer (4) and deforming its cup-type seal (15) in a radial direction, wherein in accordance with the technical solution, the packer (4) is subjected to temperature action different from the temperature of the well liquid at the point of its installation.

Description

Near the processing method of oil-bearing layer in the district at the bottom of the drilling well, the sealer and the fixing means of sealer in drilling well of usefulness handled in realization

Technical field

The present invention relates to oil exploitation industry and be used for by strengthening the flowing improving oil well yield and to improve oil recovery of oil, and the overhaul that is used for drilling well, the big aspects such as oil reservoir of water content cut off.

The prior art level

Near the electrical heating method (for example, seeing A.A.Popov.Impactaction on bottom-hole zone. Moscow, " Nedra ", 1990, the 36-38 pages or leaves) in district having known at the bottom of the drilling well.Its main points be at the bottom of the heating drilling well near liquid in the district approximately to 100 ℃, guarantee to reduce the viscosity that contains paraffin and sticky oil, for example oil in Wu Xinsike (Usinsky) and Ha Eryaqinsike (kharyachinsky) oil field.Its result has improved the oil recovery of drilling well.

The major defect of said method is only can be used in narrow field-exploitation high viscosity and when containing the oil of paraffin, can separate out paraffin, resin and pitch prill boring pre-bore.In addition, described method is complicated in practice, because often break down because the quality of cable of working in corrosive medium and heating element is bad.

The heat treatment method of oil reservoir also is disclosed in the inventor of patent former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' s certificate) No.467173 Class E 21 B 43/24 near at the bottom of the drilling well, be published in BI No.14,1975, its main points are to inject the heat treatment that heat transfer medium with high thermal conductance bores pre-bore to oil reservoir, this heat transfer medium uses granular material, for example metal dust.When the granularmetric composition of metal dust is selected, consider its injection and the ability that layer crack is infiltrated.Slow thermal source as heat effect uses hot gas or hot gas chemical action source, it lights the 5-15% that the beginning plane is lower than processed scope bottom boring length, after processed scope inner product amount of stored heat, along processed scope, move the deep layer process equipment that has hot gas or hot gas chemical action source, after this, carry out technology and keep, so that replace gas combustion product in the processed scope with wellbore fluid.The suspension of preparing does not infiltrate in the groove with holes, and filling is existing and the layer crack that in injection process, ftractures in.In oil reservoir, form after the crack system of added metal powder particle, in drilling well, put down electric heater unit, near the heating in district at the bottom of the realization drilling well.

This method is also complicated in practice, because be actually two-phase method, promptly at first realizes fracturing, injects metal dust then in the crack.Its efficient must be low, because metal dust infiltrates the crack that forms, the little power that volume expansion produced when near liquid heated at the bottom of the use drilling well is so add the distance of thermal diffusion in the oil reservoir depths very little.

Disclosed oil reservoir break method in addition, its main points are to form the crack with the powder gases faulted deposit, and inject to oil reservoir with the pump group and to have solid formulation, for example the liquid of quartz sand (for example fixes the crack, see Yu.M.Zheltov, Deformat ion of rocks.Moscow, " Nedra " 1966).The shortcoming of this method is to use the pump group amount of labour and cost height.

Disclosed powder gases oil reservoir break method in addition, as United States Patent (USP) NO.3.422.760,

Class 102-21.6, its main points are to use the gas pressure that produces when powder charge burns in the drilling well to produce the crack, powder charge faces toward oil-bearing layer.The shortcoming of this method is that powder gases only partly is used for distinguishing the generation crack near at the bottom of the drilling well, and its another part (about 50%) is upwards overflowed along drilling well, at this moment hangs the cable wire generation of powder charge and twists, and consequently must take out cable wire subsequently.Last operation is quite complicated, usually is must cut off cable wire and take out its single section with catcher.Sometimes can not take out whole sections that are cut off cable wire, and have to scrap drilling well.

Disclosedly use method that internal explosion process handles oil-bearing layer district around the shaft bottom (for example in addition, see A.A.popor, Impact actions on bottom-hole zone. Moscow, " Nedra " 1990, the 35-36 page or leaf), its main points are chaffy hollow bodies of mounting strap on the column of the pump compressor pipeline that faces toward processed oil reservoir scope.Broken then diaphragm, thus negative pressure caused in the shaft bottom.Because produce negative pressure, oil reservoir liquid at full speed enters drilling well.The strong movements that oil reservoir liquid enters drilling well helps the oil reservoir filtration fraction to remove deposit.

At Xi Taibukesike (Zapadno-Tebukck), near district had the analysis showed that of result at the bottom of following Ao Mulinsike (Nizhneomrinsky) and Yi Rima-Ao Mulinsike (Izhma-Omrinsky) oil field used internal explosion process to handle drilling well, and this method is restricted on the mining geology condition is used.Its efficient is low under near the district's high osmosis condition shaft bottom of drilling well, and this is because cause oil reservoir liquid to be flowed to drilling well low speed by oil-bearing layer owing to distinguish the heavy in section in pore and crack near the shaft bottom.

In addition, also see the situation of using the internal explosion process failure, this is to break in advance because of the diaphragm by the manufacturing of SSH 15-32 casting pig.Having dwindled the scope of application and the validity of the quick-fried method of above-mentioned interior weldering like this, at this moment is not can both reach good result under the situation of all uses.

Near the processing method of distinguishing at the bottom of being drilling well at technological essence with like being effective recently, see patent RF NO.2087693, Class E 21 B 43/25, be published in BI NO.23,1997, its main points are to transfer the deep layer process equipment that has the source powder charge of heat effect lingering, light powder charge in processed scope, technology keeps so that at processed scope savings heat, depressurization, and removing has near a part of wellbore fluid of distinguishing the silt material that enters owing to depressurization in shaft bottom.At this moment use heat effect lingering source, it is lighted the beginning plane and is positioned at the 5-15% that is lower than processed scope bottom boring length, after processed scope inner product amount of stored heat, move the deep layer process equipment that has hot gas chemical action source along processed scope, after this, carry out technology and keep, so that replace gas combustion product in the processed scope with wellbore fluid.

The shortcoming of this method is: a) implement complexity, this is with relevant along processed scope mobile device; B) process time is long, and this replaces the technology of gas combustion product to keep relevant with mobile device with in processed scope with wellbore fluid; C) to the borehole wall distance little (must move along drilling well) that is subjected to the high-temperature region effect just because of this reason has the equipment in heat effect source.All these shortcomings have reduced the use validity of said method.

Sealer is disclosed in No. the 1099047th, the inventor of former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate), Class E 21 B 33/12, be published in BI NO.23,1984, this sealer comprises the hollow shell of being with radial slot, potted component is installed above, potted component has the cavity for its transmission, be contained in and make on the housing and might move axially, and be connected with the pipe column, at the hollow pit shaft of bottom sealing, have two row's radial slots, correspondingly space and pipe external seal device upper space in the tube connector, and the transmission cavity of potted component.At this moment, sealer is provided with the overcoat of band radial slot, this is outer be sleeved on potted component above, form a chamber with housing, sleeve is taken in the mounting spring effect in the chamber, and being connected by taking over the groove realization of sleeve of space in pipe external seal device upper space and the pipe.

Disclosed sealer shortcoming is a complex structure, thereby causes functional reliability low, because be arranged in the possible plugging fluid pressure resistance groove " A " of the particle of wellbore fluid, with the hole that is connected its inner chamber and epicoele and goes up chamber and following chamber.Above-mentioned sealer is realized the sealing in drilling well cross section, and liquid stream can not be moved to any direction.The sealer of this structure can not be used for guaranteeing the situation of wellbore fluid one-way flow.

The separation seal device is disclosed in No. the 643625th, the inventor of former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' sCertificate), Class E 21 B33/12, be published in BI NO.3,1979, it comprises the last sealer and the lower seal device of band radial slot sleeve pipe, the housing of band window, reed, valve arrangement, lining and fixator, and, the sleeve pipe and the lining of lower seal device are rigidly connected, and fixator is installed in the tube ends of sealer, makes to interact with lining, at this moment, short tube rigidly connected with it installed in sleeve pipe bottom at the lower seal device, circularize cavity with sleeve-shaped, piston is installed below potted component, form a chamber with sleeve pipe, be communicated with toroidal cavity, and when sealing, be communicated with space in the sealer.The structure of sealer is used to block liquid stream, but it can not be used for the unidirectional drilling liquid flow that passes through.

Sealer also is disclosed in No. the 304345th, the inventor of former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' scertificate), and Class E21 B 33/12 is published in BI NO.17,1971.This sealer comprises the housing of being with radial slot, the potted component of band grapple, and overcoat and fixation kit, fixation kit have the screw die of spring action, it and the interaction of push rod and short tube tooth surface.Housing and overcoat to piston is set with one heart, piston and push rod are rigidly connected, and under the piston cavity with the pipe in the space be communicated with.

Disclosed sealer shortcoming is that functional reliability is low, and this is because the particle in the wellbore fluid might stop up groove " a " and " b " and cavity " A " and " B ".In addition, owing to one heart housing is set, annular piston and overcoat, thus significantly reduced the cross section of sealer central channel.

Also disclose the fastening devices of drilling well, seen the inventor of patent former Soviet Union certificate (USSRInventor ' s Certificate) the 1122817th, Class E 21 B47/00 are published in BINO.41,1984.This device comprises housing, cable, sleeve, stop mechanism, haulage gear, this mechanism is connected with support component, support component is furnished with the cage dog that elastomeric material is made, be stretched in the hinged lever bracket of sleeve on, also have elastic component, the stop sleeve of secondary spring, auxiliary pole, band inner supporting rod and snap ring, lever down, secondary spring is positioned at the stop sleeve that is contained in lower housing portion in this case, the spring action sleeve also interacts with haulage gear with respect to housing, auxiliary pole then be contained in the hinged lever down of flexible member on.Its rear surface is made taper.

The shortcoming of said fixing device is can not use it effectively at explosion time, because at this moment the gas of Xing Chenging can make drilling well lose sealing.

At technological essence with like being effective recently is that the oil reservoir test is used the hydraulic packing device, No. the 571581st, the Soviet Union inventor certificate that sees before (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate), ClassE 21 B 33/12, Published in BI NO.33,1977.This sealer comprises connecting rod, hydraulic pump and elasticity blowout patche, and blowout patche has spring fastening, is offset mutually by inside and outside two row's plates and makes.In this case, interior plate is provided with the termination, place in the elasticity blowout patche and with efflux plate and be rigidly connected.The soffit of sealer is made the plane, is transited into taper, and then becomes plane and taper, and they and borehole wall form wedge " groove ".

The shortcoming of above-mentioned sealer is can not use it for to guarantee the wellbore fluid one-way flow, because it is fully with the cross section sealing that passes through of drilling well.In addition, the shortcoming of sealer also has functional reliability low, because the particle in the wellbore fluid might stop up the inner chamber of groove " a " and elasticity blowout patche.

In the sealer structure, implement the fixing means of sealer in drilling well, be disclosed in No. the 252244th, the inventor of former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate), Class E21B, be published in BI NO.29,1969, its main points are potted components of wedging sealer, its part is moved with respect to another part, at this moment the hydrodynamic reciprocating sealing utensil has the cone seal element of conical surface (two adjacent elements has the surface of inclination on the vertical section, each element is made triangle, and one of the bottom surface of adjacent elements is facing to borehole wall, and another is then facing to the longitudinal axis).In order to take out sealer, it is upwards drawn, at this moment cut off pin, thereby reduce its cross section.

The shortcoming of this method is because diameter dimension is difficult to take out the sealer of this structure greatly, because use the tapered cross-section, moves relative to each other, and causes sealer to occupy very big space on cross section.When wedging, can not reduce its cross section significantly, so that take out reliably by drilling well.

Implement the fixing means of hydraulic packing device in drilling well, also be disclosed in No. the 571581st, the inventor of patent former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate), Class E 21 B33/12, be published in BI NO.33,1977, its main points are that depended on pressure is carried wellbore fluid to the inner chamber of elasticity blowout patche, and the elasticity blowout patche is moved radially.Use piston and hydraulic pump in order to produce pressure.In order to take out sealer, cut-out pressure and mobile piston make the elasticity blowout patche turn back to the home position that limits specially for this purpose with spring to upper position.

The shortcoming of said method is to use two transmission systems, so that sealer is fixed on the borehole wall and separates, this makes the structure and the operation complexity of sealer.

The fixing means of implementing sealer in sealing device also is disclosed in No. the 898043rd, the inventor of former Soviet Union certificate (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate), Class E 21 B 33/12, be published in BI NO.2,1982, its main points are the radial dimensions that change the potted component of sealing device by mechanical axial action.In this case, effect realizes in two stages: promptly at first the lower support of sealing device is in the bottom surface of drilling well, and wherein a part moves axially with respect to another part, causes thrust by fluid head then.

The shortcoming of disclosed method is impossible high position is installed by sealing device at the bottom of the distance drilling well.In addition, use two transmission systems to fix and separate, cause the structure and the operation complexity of sealing device.

At technological essence with like being effective recently is the fixing means of enforcement sealer in drilling well in sealer, No. the 304345th, Soviet Union inventor certificate (USSR Inventor ' s Certificate) sees before, Class E 21 B 33/12, be published in B1 NO.17,1971, its main points are to be pressed into the annular seal element radial deformation that axial compression that drilling well produces makes sealer by hydraulic pressure.

The shortcoming of open method is the reliability that it can not guarantee sealer work, because must constantly carry wellbore fluid, result to cause the service depot of sealer to be stopped up under pressure, and this chamber is by the potted component feed fluid pressure of mobile piston to sealer.

Of the present invention open

The technical assignment that the present invention proposes to solve is the efficient that improves petroleum streams, and improve the output of drilling well, and in a stage, simplify treatment process and prevent the damage of sealer hanger by near the silt product of distinguishing removing at the bottom of the drilling well by near the silt product of distinguishing removing at the bottom of the drilling well.In addition, utilize the additional tightness between temperature action and sealer and the drilling well surface to simplify the structure of sealer and improve reliability of fixation in drilling well.

Solving above-mentioned task is by near the processing method of distinguishing oil-bearing layer at the bottom of the drilling well, its practice be at the bottom of the heated well near the district liquid and remove near the silt product in the district shaft bottom, according to technical scheme, before the liquid heating, top, district seals near at the bottom of the drilling well, forms near the chamber shaft bottom, after the heating, near at the bottom of the cooling shaft in the volume of chamber liquid before removing its siltization product, is removed the sealing of this chamber then.

These operations and order thereof have guaranteed that liquid stream at first flows to the oil reservoir aspect by near liquid volume the expansion indoor shaft bottom, reduce pressure then and flow towards the oil reservoir rightabout, guarantee near the interior liquid stream in the district shaft bottom like this by occurring, the hydraulic pressure that produces and the crack is widened simultaneously, and reduce the viscosity of oil and remove pitch, resin and paraffin deposit thing by temperature action (known temperature action effect).Help to clear up the deposit of oil reservoir filtration fraction by near oil reservoir to the reverse liquid stream of the chamber shaft bottom, and near the formation damage of distinguishing at the bottom of under individual cases, causing drilling well, the crack that replenishes formed at this.At last, improved drilling well output and simplified technology, because because the situation of drilling well cable wire spooling has been eliminated in the existence of sealer, this just means and has eliminated the cut-out operation of cable wire and the operation of taking out independent wire rope section with catcher.

Best, the heating of indoor liquid proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than a light oil fraction in the petroleum composition, for example gasoline near the shaft bottom.

Such operation guarantees that the light oil fraction of oil changes gas (boiling point 80-96 ℃) into.Here with following said be normal pressure since near at the bottom of the drilling well in the district pressure of liquid depend on the degree of depth of drilling well.According to this point, the elevation of boiling point of water and fraction, yet the two have any different each other, in other words for concrete drilling well, their boiling point should calculate according to the weight of fluid column in the drilling well).Indoor liquid increases the volume of controlling oneself to a great extent near being positioned at the shaft bottom, has encouraged this some when a kind of light oil distillate is converted into gas in the petroleum composition.At last, near the pressure indoor shaft bottom raises suddenly, and the result is that the efficient of petroleum streams improves, because under big pressure, its effect is to realize at the drilling well distant location, and depressurization also is big.

Reasonably be that the heating of indoor liquid proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than water near the shaft bottom.

Near the efficient of district's processing procedure this operation can improve at the bottom of the drilling well, because the boiling point of water is higher than the boiling point (being respectively 100 ℃ and 80-96 ℃ under normal pressure) of oil light oil fraction, therefore water and oil light oil fraction all become gas, therefore become partial pressure that the liquid of gas forms near the shaft bottom in the chamber with addition, summation pressure is then bigger than the partial pressure that a kind of liquid that becomes gas is formed.

Reasonably be that the heating of indoor liquid proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than a heavy oil fraction in the petroleum composition near the shaft bottom, lubricating oil for example, this operation has also improved the efficient of suggesting method largely, because indoor a large amount of liquid composition is converted into gas (under normal pressure near the shaft bottom, the boiling point of lubricating oil is 460-500 ℃), so, indoor gross pressure then increases according to Dalton's law near the shaft bottom.The efficient of room pressure effect is improved near the shaft bottom, in other words, and in that it will act near the shaft bottom particle that deposits in district's pore with the borehole wall distant location.Because effect near the pressure and temperature of the indoor generation shaft bottom, the permeability in district is improved near the oil-bearing layer shaft bottom.

Reasonably be near the instantaneous realization of heating of the indoor liquid shaft bottom, for example use blast.Above-mentioned effect will also will show largely.Because the gas that forms is positioned at and has little time part when indoor near the shaft bottom and enter liquid and oil-bearing layer, this can be observed when slow heating, and therefore indoor near the shaft bottom will have elevated pressure, so, will realize the effect of pressure at the drilling well distant location.

Reasonably be that the liquid in district's scope uses special device near at the bottom of the drilling well, for example thermocouple is forced cooling.

This operation has been strengthened by the liquid flow of oil-bearing layer to drilling well, enable at first to remove at the bottom of the drilling well near the silt product in district, then improve the output of oil.

Reasonably be near forming the shaft bottom after the chamber, the drilling well fluid column that is positioned at this chamber is divided into two parts, at the bottom of wherein a part of steerable drilling near the district on one side, the reverse flow of wellbore fluid by sealer removed and blocked to another part then by sealer.

Near the order of these operations and they enables to realize at the bottom of the drilling well in the district fracturing, and cause negative pressure simultaneously in this chamber by near the removing of indoor liquid at the bottom of the drilling well, to guarantee after fracturing by the reverse flow of oil reservoir to the liquid of drilling well, enable the crack and the pore near district, wash boring shaft bottom, thereby remove the siltization product.Be the influx that these operations can increase oil reservoir liquid at last, thereby improve the efficient that oil flows into, therefore improved the exploitation output of drilling well.

Reasonably be that the pressure on its top descends and uses near the chamber liquid-filled shaft bottom of oil reservoir simultaneously after part drilling well fluid column is removed by sealer near the chamber shaft bottom.

Make that like this flowing into intensity to the oil reservoir liquid of drilling well improves, thus near the flushing of district's internal fissure and pore having improved at the bottom of the drilling well, and improved the removing of siltization product.

Near the sealer that the oil-bearing layer in district is used at the bottom of the processing drilling well has the housing of band radial seal device, and air locking is expandable cheek, blowout patche seal, transmission system and suspension device, and according to technical scheme, the secondary concave surface is made in the lower surface.

This structure of sealer is subjected to the detonation negative effect less, particularly there be not " groove " to prevent sealer depressurization (the more important thing is and improved sealing) and as reflector, along the axle of drilling well at oil-bearing layer direction guiding blast wave, thereby improved handle at the bottom of the drilling well near the efficient of district's oil-bearing layer.

The secondary concave surface that reasonably is sealer is made hemispherical.

This structure of sealer is the simplest on making, and advances at the longitudinal axis of explosion time guiding blast wave along drilling well, thereby has guaranteed its self sealss.

The secondary concave surface that reasonably is sealer is made parabola.

This structure of sealer improved it the self sealss effect and blast wave along the directionality of the drilling well longitudinal axis, because sealer has bigger length and more gently carries out the transition to cylindrical shape in the other lower surface of borehole wall.

Reasonably be in these cases, sealer is made and is had a groove that is connected with end face at least, and anti-reverse valve is set, with prevent wellbore fluid flow to the shaft bottom by the sealer upper space of drilling well near the chamber on one side.

This structure of sealer has guaranteed near the realization of the above-mentioned processing method of oil-bearing layer in the district at the bottom of the drilling well, in other words, removes near the part wellbore fluid of chamber, shaft bottom effectively and causes negative pressure therein by removing the siltization product subsequently.

It reasonably is the equipped thermal element of sealer.This structure of sealer has guaranteed the temperature action (heating or cooling) to its element, makes the diameter dimension that might increase or reduce sealer blowout patche-seal, guarantees sealer fixing (or separation) at borehole wall.

Reasonably be that the sealer thermal element is made the detonating primer form.This structure of sealer has guaranteed the once heating of structural member, causes the required energy of heating possible minimum.

Reasonably be that the sealer thermal element is made the resistance wire form, and be connected with power supply.This structure manufacturing of sealer is the simplest, enables the structural member of heating for multiple times sealer.

The thermal element that reasonably is sealer is made the cooling thermocouple type.This structure of sealer has been eliminated when securing it to borehole wall the necessity (only using electric energy with its taking-up or when installing in the drilling well by drilling well) of constantly power supply.

The expansible cheek that reasonably is sealer is made by shape-memory material.This structure can improve the reliability of sealer work, because it has guaranteed reliability of fixation, irrelevant with the diameter of drilling well and sealer blowout patche-seal, making this part has certain error, so might be varying sized because of wearing and tearing.In addition, creep into degree of depth difference throughout, its diameter value also has nothing in common with each other.

In this case, reasonably be that the expansible cheek of sealer is made the drum forms that has vertical grooving, grooving finishes with the hole, and at this moment the cylinder longitudinal component between the grooving is made the distinguish form.The sealer of this simple structure has guaranteed to fix reliably with borehole wall and separate, and is freely taken out by drilling well.

The fixing means of sealer in drilling well comprises and puts it into the drilling well desired depth, increases the diameter dimension of sealer and the radial deformation of blowout patche-seal thereof, and according to technical scheme, sealer stands to be different from the temperature action of its installation site wellbore fluid temperature.This combination of operation has improved sealer and borehole wall reliability of fixation, and makes simultaneously and might simplify its structure, because this structure has been cancelled movable members, and has only a transmission system, is used for sealer with the fixing of borehole wall with separate.

Reasonably be to realize that temperature action to sealer is to transfer to after the desired depth by sealer, temperature is brought up to temperature above sealer installation place wellbore fluid.Make like this and might control the fixation procedure of sealer in drilling well, do not shift (temperature of wellbore fluid depends on the degree of depth of drilling well) with the degree of depth.In addition, might improve the reliability of said structure sealer work, when this is equipped with heating element by sealer, reach at blowout patche-seal and the additional tightness of drilling well contact surface generation.

Reasonably be before sealer is transferred to desired depth, cool the temperature to the temperature that is lower than sealer installation place wellbore fluid and realize temperature action sealer.Carry out such operation and make and to guarantee the fixing of long-time sealer, and needn't consume additional energy, because fixedly be by the temperature realization of wellbore fluid.

Reasonably be in drilling well desired depth installation place, behind the temperature action to sealer, carry out the temperature unloading.Carry out this operation and improved the reliability of taking out sealer by drilling well,, thereby guaranteed freely to take out by drilling well because reduced its diameter dimension.

Brief description of drawings

Near at the bottom of the drilling well, handle the method for oil-bearing layer in the district, realize handling the sealer of usefulness and the main points of the fixing means of sealer in drilling well, available following example and the description of drawings that uses, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the operation that heating element is installed in drilling well;

Fig. 2 be at the bottom of the drilling well near the sealing on top, district;

Fig. 3 is near the heating of the indoor liquid shaft bottom and to the formation of moving liquid stream aspect the oil reservoir;

Fig. 4 is near the indoor blast shaft bottom;

Fig. 5 is near the operation of the indoor liquid cooling shaft bottom and because the formation of the reverse liquid stream of negative pressure;

Fig. 6 is the depressurization of drilling well;

Fig. 7 is the sealer that is positioned at drilling well;

Fig. 8 be sealer in drilling well installation and the shaft bottom near the formation of chamber;

Fig. 9 is that wellbore fluid is removed to oil-bearing layer one side with pass through sealer in the chamber near the separation of the indoor drilling well fluid column shaft bottom and near by the shaft bottom;

Figure 10 is that the chamber is removed wellbore fluid and caused negative pressure near the shaft bottom;

Figure 11 is near the chamber filling oil reservoir liquid shaft bottom;

Figure 12 is the installation procedure of sealer in sleeve pipe;

Figure 13 is the heat effect operation (heating) of sealer and fixing in sleeve pipe thereof;

Figure 14 be the sealer made by shape-memory material and with the installation of heat of cooling galvanic couple in drilling well;

Figure 15 is the sealer and the fixing in drilling well of being made by shape-memory material.

Realize most preferred embodiment of the present invention

The method of realization suggestion and the order of sealer are as follows.

Use hanger 2 (cable wire or pipe) is distinguished near heating element 3 (Fig. 1) is transferred to the shaft bottom in drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe), and heating element can have any structure, and its action principle is according to any physics or chemical phenomenon.For example, can use hot gas chemical action deflagration thermal source, its form is the powder charge of EPIU-98-850 type hot industry, and its performance is as follows: length 850mm, diameter 98mm, weight 7.5kg; Composition: fuel 54%, oxidant 40%, processing additive 6%; Density 1.83g/cm ³Calory burning 2000-2200kcal/kg; Burning velocity 20mm/ second; 42.5 seconds burning times; The volume 600l/kg of gaseous product; The composition CI of combustion product ₂, H ₂O, H ₂, MeO; 2500 ℃ of ignition temperatures; Burning-point 500-700 ℃; Hot industry powder charge initial firing current 3-4A.When using this thermal source, whole components of wellbore fluid are because heating all becomes gaseous state.Far away more apart from heating element, temperature is low more.Therefore district's water and the oil light oil fraction that has all becomes gas, and district subsequently has only oil light oil fraction to become gas, and whole liquid are heated and produce volume expansion in last district's drilling well 1.

Here the example of enumerating is the situation that the liquid heating is higher than heavy oil fraction boiling point.Yet, can reduce heating-up temperature, for example to 100 ℃.In this case, do not have such district, its black petroleum products fraction becomes gaseous state.And other district keeps intact.

Following operation is the top seal of drilling well 1 more than heating element 3 positions.Can use the sealer 4 (Fig. 2-5,7) of any structure for this reason, under near the situation of the transient liquid heating drilling well 1 shaft bottom in the district (blast), preferably the secondary concave surface be made in the lower surface 5 (Fig. 7) of sealer 4.So, form near chamber 6 shaft bottom in the district near drilling well 1 shaft bottom, its top is sealed.

Begin to heat the liquid that is positioned near chamber 6, shaft bottom then.Because temperature raises, near the liquid the shaft bottom in the chamber 6 produces volume expansion, makes the liquid stream that must produce towards aspect, drilling well 1 shaft bottom, so, and also towards oil-bearing layer (Fig. 3).The temperature of liquid heating is high more in the chamber 6 near the shaft bottom, and is strong more at the liquid stream of oil-bearing layer direction.After the liquid heating stopped in the chamber 6 near the shaft bottom, liquid cooled off in this chamber 6, and makes its volume-diminished (Fig. 5), and the result forms by the reverse liquid stream of oil-bearing layer near the chamber shaft bottom 6.Oppositely the intensity of liquid stream depends on the cooling velocity of liquid near the chamber 6, shaft bottom.

Oppositely liquid stream minimum speed takes place in such cases, if cooling is carried out naturally, guarantees that then operation is simple, because at this moment without any need for equipment.Yet this operation can be quickened, and Here it is realizes near the pressure cooling of liquid in the chamber 6 shaft bottom, for this reason placement specialist devices, for example refrigerator 7 (Fig. 5) below 6 sealed devices 4 of chamber near the shaft bottom in advance.Best, refrigerator 7 and heating element 3 are fixed to the following of sealer 4 and they are transferred in the drilling well 1.Refrigerator 7 can be by any action principle work: machinery-when getting rid of cold water by drilling well 1 surface; Electronic-when being used for the thermocouple cooling; Perhaps chemistry-gas that use to expand.Cool off fully more, oppositely liquid stream is also strong more, and therefore, near crack of distinguishing the shaft bottom and pore clean better (improve and filter).The result has improved the oil influx of oil-bearing layer in the drilling well 1.The selection of cooling principle and corresponding special means should be depended on the degree of perfection of economic point of view and the whole bag of tricks or equipment.

If district's permeability improved near first operation-heating of liquid made the shaft bottom in the chamber 6 near the shaft bottom, because the obstruction in district's pore and crack is owing to the paraffin that is deposited in crack and the pore near the shaft bottom, the heating of resin and pitch and fusing and alleviate, then near the shaft bottom in the chamber 6 refrigerating work procedure of liquid cause near the shaft bottom and reduce pressure in the district, found that liquid does strenuous exercise by oil-bearing layer to drilling well 1, quicken the granular deposit of cleaning oil-bearing layer filtration fraction, paraffin, resin etc., and under individual cases, cause distinguishing formation damage and forming new crack at this near the oil-bearing layer shaft bottom.Known such situation, after being used in combination the internal explosion process processing with reverse liquid stream near the district shaft bottom, the oil influx of oil recovery drilling well 1 increases several times.Sometimes the drilling well 1 with the mechanical method exploitation becomes the formula of gushing.

Following operation is near the depressurization practice (Fig. 6) in district drilling well 1 shaft bottom, promptly remove sealer 4 after, can exploit oil recovery drilling well 1.Behind the depressurization by the shaft bottom of drilling well 1 near the district remove the siltization product.This operation and oil exploitation are carried out simultaneously.

(what say here was temperature under normal pressure when liquid was heated to 80-96 ℃ in the chamber 6 near the shaft bottom, because the pressure of liquid is different in distinguishing near the shaft bottom in drilling well 1, and depend on 800 to 4000m according to the place of production) boiling of the varying depth generation oil light oil fraction of drilling well 1 (gasoline, benzene and other), water boiling when 100 ℃ of temperature, the lubricating oil fraction of oil boiling in the time of temperature 460-500 ℃.The boiling point of water and petroleum cuts raises according to the pressure of vertical fluid column in the drilling well 1 in distinguishing near the shaft bottom, has nothing in common with each other each other.

If be heated to the boiling point of oil light oil fraction, then the partial pressure in the chamber 6 can only be produced by the gas of oil light oil fraction near the shaft bottom.If be heated to higher temperature, then produce oil light oil fraction, the gas partial pressure of water and black petroleum products fraction.Chemically mutual inoperative total gas pressure correspondingly equals the summation (Dalton's law) of these gas partial pressures.

For the optimum temperature of liquid heating near the chamber 6 definite shaft bottom, must know the composition of liquid in the drilling well 1.If liquid is moisture in a large number, then can consider the pressure of liquid in the drilling well 1, restriction is heated to 100 ℃ (considering the degree of depth of drilling well).If oil contains a lot of light oil fractions, then can reduce heating-up temperature, on the contrary,, then preferably temperature is elevated to their boiling point if a large amount of heavy oil fractions (viscosity) are arranged in the oil.Under any heating-up temperature, the liquid that does not change gas into can increase the volume of controlling oneself, thereby helps to form by near the liquid stream of the chamber shaft bottom 6 to the oil-bearing layer aspect.Yet this composition is less than the pressure effect of any petroleum cuts and aqueous vapor body.Near the comprehensive interaction that the shaft bottom, will produce gas and expanding liquid in the district.Under the situation that adopts the hot industry powder charge discovery is had spot heating, here according to the distance of leaving powder charge, temperature reduces, thereby can see that whole wellbore fluid constituents are converted into gaseous state together or partly.

The temperature of liquid heating is low more near the chamber 6, shaft bottom, and the energy of finishing this operation consumption is just few more, yet the effect of oil inflow at this moment is also lower.Be heated to high temperature (lubricating oil boiling point) if use, then near the temperature the heating source is just the highest, is about to see the boiling of near the black petroleum products fraction of heating source and other cut, and reduces in a certain distant place temperature to have only the boiling of water and oil light oil fraction.

The most effectively use blast to realize near the processing method of distinguishing the above-mentioned shaft bottom (Fig. 4).Guaranteed in this case near the rising of the chamber 6 internal pressures shaft bottom and wherein liquid be heated to maximum temperature, promptly act near the pressure of the district's pore oil-bearing layer shaft bottom simultaneously and reduce the temperature of oil viscosity.The top of considering near district drilling well 1 shaft bottom is sealed, and explosion effect in this case doubles than near district's processing method at the bottom of the present drilling well of adopting at least because all combustion products only concentrate on below (directional explosion).

On the other hand, the processing method of district's oil-bearing layer suggestion comprises blast wave near drilling well 1 shaft bottom, effect in the time of fracturing and temperature, this effect causes near the additional crack of district's formation drilling well 1 shaft bottom, reduce the viscosity of petroleum cuts, deposit particularly, and by the reverse liquid stream of oil-bearing layer to drilling well 1, this helps to go out deposit by the crack of pore.In other words, near near the good result of the district's processing method processing method in district has guaranteed at the bottom of the fixed well drilling well 1 shaft bottom of suggestion.And because the top of drilling well 1 is sealed, its effect is better than known method, because guaranteed the directionality of quick-fried work, this point is quick-friedly raised the efficiency one times at least than common in the drilling well 1.

Other advantage of suggesting method is might be according to the composition of oil, and contained light oil fraction and heavy oil fraction percentage composition, and near distinguish interior liquid at the bottom of the quantity control well of water degree of heat, might reduce the energy consumption of this operation so to a certain extent.

At last, the method for suggestion is distinguished the integrality of top (sealer is more than 4) geological exploration with cable near having guaranteed to be positioned at the shaft bottom.

If, then can reach huge effect at distance drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) a distance, bottom surface setting pressure generator 8 (Fig. 8).(Fig. 8) uses hanger 2 (cable wire or pipe) in drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) for this reason, transfers sealer 4, and it is fixed on the borehole wall of drilling well 1, apart from the shaft bottom certain distance, forms near chamber 6 shaft bottom.Sealer 4 can adopt any method with the fixing of drilling well 1 borehole wall, and the sealer structure also can be any.The bottom fixation pressure generator 8 of sealer 4 on hanger 9 is with drilling well 1 bottom surface and the sealer 4 terminal certain distances that keep.Pressure generator 8 can be made into compressed gas cylinder form or blasting charge form.

The gas of steel cylinder gas supplied or explosive charge formation is with drilling well fluid column separated into two parts then, near one side, a district part (bottom) steerable drilling 1 shaft bottom in the base, another part (top) is then by the space (Fig. 9) above sealer 4 one steerable drillings 1 sealer.District's wellbore fluid is on one side realized fracturing in distinguishing near steerable drilling 1 shaft bottom near the shaft bottom of drilling well 1, causes drilling well 1 existing pore in oil-bearing layer district and fracture propagation on every side, and produces new crack.The final like this oil-bearing layer liquid filtering that promoted enters drilling well 1, thereby causes the raising of oil influx.

Near the shaft bottom, remove in the chamber 6 (Figure 10) behind the wellbore fluid, wherein the gas pressure that is formed by steel cylinder gas supplied or blast descends, in other words, the reduction (heat leans on conduction of heat to enter ambient medium by the borehole wall of drilling well 1) by gas temperature produces negative pressure.

Next stage is with near the chamber 6 liquid-filled shaft bottom of oil reservoir.Meanwhile block near the wellbore fluid that is positioned at above the sealer 4 flow (Figure 11) of chamber 6 shaft bottom.Therefore, gas pressure will reduce in the chamber 6 near the shaft bottom, that is to say, form negative pressure and make oil reservoir liquid enter near chamber 6 shaft bottom.At this moment liquid wash is arranged in the silt product in pore and crack.Along with flowing of wellbore fluid also can be washed the indivedual soil particles that hinder the oil reservoir liquid filtering in crack and pore.

Near the above-mentioned comprehensive function of distinguishing drilling well 1 shaft bottom (at first be fracturing, follow by suction function) is improved the filter effect of oil-bearing layer oil reservoir liquid, improved the oil production rate of drilling well 1 at last.

Utilize blast, the operation as temperature near the chamber instantaneous raising shaft bottom 6 realizes said method, preferably use the sealer 4 that has any radial seal structure, but the secondary concave should be made in its lower surface 5.Other assembly of sealer 4 can be any structure.This concave surface can be made hemispherical or paraboloidal.This shape of the lower surface 5 of sealer 4 has guaranteed the directionality of blast wave along drilling well 1 longitudinal axis, and has guaranteed the self sealss of sealer 4 along drilling well 1 surface simultaneously, and does not form stress concentration point in sealer 4.Under first kind of situation, simplified the manufacturing of sealer 4, under second kind of situation, improved efficient, because sealer 4 has bigger length in the other lower surface 5 of drilling well 1 borehole wall, and more gently be filled into cylindrical shape.

In order to realize suggesting method, the drilling well fluid column that utilizes blast to open a hole near chamber 6 end and will be positioned at this chamber 6 is divided into two parts, and be pressed into oil-bearing layer and the space above drilling well 1 sealer, must use the sealer of specialized structure, to guarantee that drilling liquid flow flow to the sealer upper space of drilling well 1 by sealer by near the chamber shaft bottom 6, prevents the wellbore fluid reverse flow.On Fig. 8,9, illustrate and have planar end surface sealer 4 down; At the sealer 4 that has the secondary concave surface shown in Figure 10,11.Two kinds of structures all can satisfy the required condition that wellbore fluid flows by sealer 4.

Sealer 4 comprises housing 10 (Fig. 8,9) and radial seal 11, and (be rubber bush shown in the figure, it expands when heating and produce tightness between the housing 10 and drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) borehole wall.Sealer 4 is contained on the hanger 2, transfers to desired depth (Fig. 8), can adopt cable wire or pipe as hanger.Seal 4 can be made and have one or more grooves 12, to connect its end face (Fig. 8-12).

(Figure 10,11) that groove 12 can be made into (Fig. 8,9) parallel with sealer 4 longitudinal axis or tilts.Shown in Fig. 8-11, in groove 12 or outside the groove 12, anti-reverse valve 13 is installed, be fixed on the housing 10 of sealer 4.In the drawings, anti-reverse valve 13 is made the elastic plate form, and the middle part is fixed on the housing 10 of sealer 4.

The operating principle of sealer

Sealer 4 is transferred to desired depth and is fixed on the borehole wall of drilling well 1 (Fig. 8) in any known mode.Wellbore fluid is positioned at the both sides of sealer 4 end faces.Bottom at sealer 4 can hang over pressure generator 8 on the hanger 9.Can use the compressed gas cylinder or the blasting charge as pressure generator 8.Pressure generator 8 can be suspended on the special cable wire that passes sealer 4.After the blast (Fig. 9), in powder gases that forms behind explosive charge or the steel cylinder under the effect of gas, the groove 12 of the drilling well fluid column top that is positioned near chamber 6 shaft bottom by sealer 4 is pressed into the space (Fig. 9) above drilling well 1 sealer.At this moment, 13 distortion of the anti-reverse valve of elastic plate form make wellbore fluid infilter space above the sealer.The drilling well fluid column lower part that is positioned near chamber 6, shaft bottom is pressed towards oil-bearing layer on one side.Chamber 6 discharges after the wellbore fluid near the shaft bottom, and the gas temperature in this chamber 6 is owing to medium heat radiation towards periphery descends, thereby chamber 6 interior pressure reduce-promptly cause negative pressure near causing the shaft bottom.Under the drilling well fluid column effect in drilling well 1 sealer upper space, the groove 12 of sealer 4 is owing to the elastic force of anti-reverse valve 13 spring plate materials is closed.Near the shaft bottom in the chamber 6 gas pressure continues to reduce, and pressure drop to be lower than formation pressure after, oil reservoir liquid is distinguished near beginning to flow to the shaft bottom by oil reservoir.Near the shaft bottom in the district negative pressure is big more, and the oil reservoir liquid that flows near chamber 6, shaft bottom is strong more.In this case, indivedual soil particles in district's pore and crack obtain flushing near siltization product and obstruction drilling well 1 shaft bottom.

Preferably use such sealer 4, make it to realize by temperature action with the fixedly control of drilling well (sleeve pipe) 1 borehole wall.The sealer of this structure is shown in Figure 12-15.

Be fixed on the sealer 4 on cable wire form (Figure 12,13) or pipe form (Figure 14, the 15) hanger 2, in drilling well 1 of packing into (Figure 14-15) or the sleeve pipe 1 (Figure 12-13).Sealer 4 can be any structure.Yet according to technical scheme, sealer should be equipped with thermal element 14 (it can be a heating element, for example resistance wire, or cooling element, for example thermocouple).

The sealer that has the shape-memory material structural member shown in Figure 14.In this case, the increase of its diameter dimension realizes (as mentioned above) by the volume expansion of structured element material and realizes by the sealer 4 structural member change of shape that shape-memory material is made.In this case, second kind of factor be than big tens of times of first kind of factor, and big hundreds of times sometimes.

Sealer 4 comprises elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 of being with supporting bead 16, has to be contained in above blowout patche-seal 15 and following garter spring 17,18, and with the cylinder 19 of distinguish 20, distinguish is made of grooving 21 in addition, and the grooving 21 in the cylinder bottom enters hole 22.The cylinder 19 usefulness shape-memory materials that have distinguish 20 are made, therefore, they can be used as driving member (when opening) and use, and can be used as expandable cheek with elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 and use, but the gap between the cheek part close encapsulation device 4 and drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) borehole wall.The cylinder 19 of band distinguish 20 and grooving 21 can be whole, also can be made up of the several segmentations that are contained in periphery.Thermal element 14 is made thermocouple type, and it preferably is contained in around the distinguish 20, so that more effectively to they coolings.The power supply of thermal element 14-thermocouple can be undertaken by conductor 23 surfaces.Cylinder 19 usefulness shape-memory materials are made, for example Nitinol (the NiTi Nitinol that for example contains 50% nickel and 50% titanium).The characteristics of this alloy are, if the sample of being made by them is surpassing A _kTemperature is given certain shape with plastic deformation method, it is cooled to be lower than M then _kTemperature and again distortion eliminate original shape, then surpass A in the sample heating _HAfter the temperature, own original shape " is remembered " in its meeting.M _HAnd M _KTemperature is the beginning and the end temp of forward martensite transfor mation, and A _HAnd A _KTemperature then is the beginning and the end temp of reverse martensite transfor mation.For NiTi Nitinol, temperature M _H=63 ℃, A _H=75 ℃.Interpolation alloying element Fe and Co can reduce shape recovery temperature in the NiTi of stoichiometric composition Nitinol.Alloy addition is described the influence of shape recovery temperature is existing, for example at A.S.Tikhonov, A.P.Gerasimov, the works of I.I.Prokhorov " application of shape memory effect in the modern mechanical engineering ", (Use of the shape memory effect inmodern mechanical engineering), " Mashinostroenie, " Moscow, in 1981, the 80 pages.The alloy of difformity memory effect has the physical mechanical parameter of oneself.Now list a part wherein: the recovery extent of original-shape reaches 100%; Inverse deformation value reaches 10-20%; The force value that produces when heating reaches 500-700Mpa; Being out of shape required stress in advance should be greater than 50-100Mpa.The temperature that occurs shape memory in alloy can change between-250 ℃ to 500 ℃, the width of shape recovery temperature scope-, lag behind then by 5 to 100 ℃-and by 2 to 80 ℃.

Here list the material of NiTi Nitinol base as an example, this material has high mechanical strength and lasting cycle thermal stability, produces sizable mechanical stress when heating, and has very strong unit efficiency.

The operating principle of sealer and the fixing means in drilling well thereof are as follows.

Transfer sealer 4 and arrive fixedly desired depth in drilling well 1 (or sleeve pipe), sealer then is contained on cable wire form hanger 2 (Figure 12,13) or the pipe form hanger 2 (Figure 14-15).The temperature (they may be the mixed liquors of drilling mud or oil and water) of considering wellbore fluid raises with the degree of depth, the diameter dimension of sealer 4 should be selected like this, under its constant depth place wellbore fluid temperature, make the diameter of the diameter dimension of sealer 4 less than drilling well 1.This point can reach from structure, promptly makes sealer 4 parts of respective diameters, and perhaps the coolant seal device 4, reduce its diameter dimension artificially.Then sealer 4 is carried out temperature action (being heating in the case), cause the increase (Figure 13) of its diameter dimension.If make the diameter of diameter dimension less than drilling well 1 on sealer 4 structures, then available heat element 14 is realized heating, for example with resistance wire or use the detonating primer (not shown).Heating once realizes when using detonating primer, and this temperature is kept by the temperature of wellbore fluid then.When using resistance wire, can heating for multiple times sealer 4 and the highest or rational temperature of maintenance.When the temperature of wellbore fluid is lower than the martensite transformation temperature of used marmem, this particular importance.In this case, heating realizes (not shown) by being contained in lip-deep power supply.Because heating produces tightness between the surface of the surface of sealer 4 blowout patches-seal 15 and drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) borehole wall.In order to take out sealer 4 from drilling well 1, must carry out temperature unloading (coolant seal device 4), its structural member volume shrinks after this, and the diameter dimension of sealer 4 also reduces, thereby can be taken out by drilling well 1.Cooling can be nature cooling (when the wellbore fluid temperature is low), also can be artificial cooling, for example uses thermocouple.The controllability of process is better under latter event, because it is in fact irrelevant with the temperature of wellbore fluid.

The order of these operations is reasonably, because at this moment utilized the volume expansion of sealer 4 blowout patches-seal 15, or is made by shape-memory material, and the forward martensite transformation temperature of this material is higher than the temperature of fixing seal device 4 degree of depth place wellbore fluids.Consumed energy frequently in this scheme is so that guarantee the fixing of the sealer 4 and drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) borehole wall.

Reasonably be before desired depth, will cool off (on the surface when transferring) in seal 4 drilling well 1 of packing into.Can (for example cover with ice) in different ways from the teeth outwards, best mode is to use thermocouple in drilling well 1 for this reason.When coolant seal device 4, its diameter dimension dwindles, and it has so just been simplified sealer 4 and put into the process of drilling well 1 in fact less than the diameter of drilling well 1.Under the effect of wellbore fluid temperature, sealer 4 is heated, and causes the increase of its diameter dimension.The temperature of known seal device 4 fitting depth place wellbore fluids just can be calculated its initial diameter, makes like this under the wellbore fluid temperature, produces tightness between the side of sealer 4 and drilling well 1 borehole wall.The fixing of the sealer 4 and drilling well 1 borehole wall demonstrate,proved in trying hard to keep that tightness produces.In order to take out sealer 4, must cool off (carrying out the temperature unloading) again from drilling well 1.At this moment its diameter dimension becomes littler than the diameter of drilling well 1, can take out sealer 4 from drilling well 1 after this.

Figure 12 and 13 illustrates the structure of sealer 4, and sealer can heat, and at this moment they and drilling well 1 borehole wall fixedly is that the volume expansion of material reaches during by heating.Utilize this principle can use the sealer 4 of any known structure, be its equipped heating element.In this case, improved reliability of fixation, because except the machinery of sealer 4 diameter dimensions changes (for example, because the skew of sealer inner conical surface, see the inventor of patent former Soviet Union certificate (USSEInventor ' s Certificate) No. 252244, also can be from reaching additional tightness by the volume expansion of making seal 4 element material therefors.

Figure 14 and 15 illustrates the sealer 4 that adopts shape-memory material, and its diameter dimension increase is that the volume expansion (as mentioned above) by material and the change of sealer 4 shapes realize in this case.

The distinguish 20 of sealer 4 is heated A before installation _KMore than the temperature, make to have shape shown in Figure 15, promptly distinguish 20 opens.Cooling strain then forms cylindrical shape (Figure 14) jointly, promptly is assembled into sealer 4, and at this moment distinguish 20 is the vertical section flat shape, forms barrel surface jointly.Cylinder 19 and distinguish 20 are contained in elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 together, and at this moment their contact surface can be bonding.Elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 also can be made with cylinder 19 and distinguish 20 thereof, can use the rubber welding of manufacturing blowout patche-seal 15 for this reason, and at this moment cylinder 19 and distinguish 20 are used as accessory.The problem of co-manufactured elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 and cylinder 19 and distinguish 20 thereof.Should when selecting material, specifically solve and (refer to blowout patche-seal 15 rubber heating-up temperatures and temperature A here _H).Being shaped on hole 22 on the cylinder 19 cracks to prevent cylinder 19 integral parts.The cylinder 19 and the blowout patche-seal 15 of band distinguish 20 use as expandable cheek.

Before sealer 4 is packed drilling well 1 into, by 23 pairs of thermal element 14 power supplies of using thermocouple type as refrigerator of conductor.Refrigerator reduces the temperature of sealer 4 structural members, therefore dwindled its diameter dimension a little, and distinguish 20 still keeps cylindrical shape (Figure 14).Sealer 4 desired depth in the drilling well 1 of packing into.Cut off the thermocouple power supply then.Under the effect of wellbore fluid temperature, carry out the heating of sealer 4 structural members.When raising, temperature surpasses A _HThe time, distinguish 20 becomes shape shown in Figure 15, as long as temperature action is arranged, just keeps this shape.If must raise temperature quickly, 4 of sealers can increase detonating primer or resistance wire in addition, and they can be contained in (not shown) between hanger 2 (pipe) and the blowout patche-seal 15.The use of supplementary heating for example, utilizes the resistance wire heating, and is reasonable under following situation, if the temperature of wellbore fluid is lower than temperature A _K, then occur in not too dark drilling well and use under the situation of shape-memory material the A of this material _H, A _K, M _HAnd M _KValue is higher than the temperature of wellbore fluid.This situation equally also is applicable to the general sealer 4 in all degree of depth work, and in this case, for fixing of the big degree of depth, the temperature of wellbore fluid is enough, and when the less degree of depth is used-must supplementary heating.

Distinguish 20 open (Figure 15) presses to drilling well 1 borehole wall face with blowout patche-seal 15.Because the sealer 4 structural member volume expansions that temperature action produces have promoted the tightness between elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 surfaces and drilling well 1 borehole wall.

In order to take out sealer 4 by drilling well 1, must cool off distinguish 20, connect the thermocouple power supply and sealer 4 is carried out the temperature unloading.Radially polymerization of distinguish 20 disappears the surface of elasticity blowout patche-seal 15 and the tightness between drilling well 1 borehole wall, can take out sealer 4 from drilling well 1 after this, because its diameter dimension is little, less than the diameter dimension of drilling well 1.

Above-mentioned sealer 4 and the original operation of drilling well 1 (sleeve pipe) borehole wall fixing means are promptly to temperature action and its structure-irrelevant of sealer 4.Can use existing sealer 4, equipped thermal element 14 (heater of different action principles and refrigerator).In this case, their fixedly reliability is improved.Preferably use such sealer 4, its action principle is only according to temperature action.Obtain bigger effect in the case, Here it is: simplify the structure; Improved functional reliability; Simplified the operation of fixation procedure greatly, because the specialized signal assurance that this operation is sent by the surface, and the pressure independent of this signal and wellbore fluid.Sealer 4 can be fixed on any degree of depth and guarantee and be taken out by drilling well 1.

The application of industry

The effective technology scheme of suggestion can be used for oil exploration industry: by strengthening oil flow Method improves the output of drilling well 1; Improve oil productivity; Repair drilling well; Cut off the big oil of water content Layer etc. Near the oil-bearing layer processing method of distinguishing well-drilling bottom is in use high according to technical scheme Effect, simple and convenient is because it is one-stage process. Realize sealer 4 systems that suggesting method uses Make simple, drilling well 1 any degree of depth and to the shaft bottom which kind of distance can both guarantee higher fixing can Lean on property. With known oil-bearing layer processing method relatively, its efficient doubles at least, this be by In blast (heating) energy that uses result in steerable drilling 1 shaft bottom all, although known Explosion energy above 50% in the method is upwards gone out, and does not act on oil-bearing layer. Sealer Structure and fixing means thereof have guaranteed easy to operate, and this is owing to used special signal, this Plant signal and be heating and cooling sealer element to certain temperature, and in required constant depth, There is not such temperature in the wellbore fluid around the sealer 4.

Claims (22)

1. near the processing method of oil-bearing layer in drilling well (1) shaft bottom, distinguishing, near liquid it comprises at the bottom of the heated well in the district and remove the siltization product by near the district shaft bottom, before near in it is characterized in that heating drilling well (1) shaft bottom, distinguishing the liquid, sealing top, at this moment form near chamber (6) shaft bottom, and after the heating at the bottom of the cooling shaft near liquid and this chamber (6) depressurization before removing siltization product subsequently in the volume of chamber (6).

2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that near the heating of the interior liquid in chamber (6), shaft bottom proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than a light oil fraction in the petroleum composition, for example gasoline.

3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that near the heating of the interior liquid in chamber (6), shaft bottom proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than water.

4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that near the heating of district, shaft bottom (6) interior liquid proceeds to the boiling point that is higher than a heavy oil fraction in the petroleum composition, for example lubricating oil.

5. according to any one method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that near the instantaneous realization of heating of interior the liquid in chamber (6) shaft bottom, for example use and explode.

6. according to any one method among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that the liquid cools in district's scope is used specialist devices near drilling well (1) shaft bottom, for example thermocouple is forced to realize.

7. according to any one method among the claim 1-6, chamber (6) afterwards near it is characterized in that forming the shaft bottom, the drilling well fluid column that is positioned at this chamber is divided into two parts, near one side, district wherein a part of steerable drilling (1) shaft bottom, wellbore fluid is removed and blocked to another part then by sealer (4) reverse flow by sealer (4).

8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that near the chamber shaft bottom (6) by after sealer (4) the removing part drilling well fluid column, the pressure on its top descends and uses near chamber (6) the liquid-filled shaft bottom of oil reservoir simultaneously.

9. distinguish the sealer (4) that interior oil-bearing layer is used near handling drilling well (1) shaft bottom, it has the housing (10) and the hanger (2) of band radial seal device, air locking is expandable cheek, blowout patche-seal (15) and transmission system, it is characterized in that its lower surface (5) makes the secondary concave surface.

10. according to the sealer (4) of claim 9, it is characterized in that the secondary concave surface makes hemispherical.

11., it is characterized in that the secondary concave surface makes parabola according to the sealer (4) of claim 9.

12. according to any one sealer (4) among the claim 9-11, it is characterized in that it is made has a groove that is connected with end face (12) at least, and anti-reverse valve (13) is set, flow near chamber (6), shaft bottom on one side to prevent wellbore fluid by the sealer upper space of drilling well (1).

13., it is characterized in that its equipped thermal element (14) according to any one sealer (4) among the claim 9-11.

14., it is characterized in that thermal element (14) makes the detonating primer form according to the sealer (4) of claim 13.

15., it is characterized in that thermal element (14) makes the resistance wire form, and be connected with power supply according to the sealer (4) of claim 13.

16., it is characterized in that thermal element (14) makes the cooling thermocouple type according to the sealer (4) of claim 13.

17., it is characterized in that expandable cheek is to be made by shape-memory material according to any one sealer (4) among the claim 13-16.

18. sealer (4) according to claim 17, it is characterized in that its expandable cheek makes cylinder (19) form that has vertical grooving (21), grooving (21) finishes with hole (22), and at this moment cylinder (19) longitudinal component between the grooving (21) is made distinguish (20) form.

19. the fixing means of sealer (4) in drilling well (1), it comprises and puts it into the interior desired depth of drilling well (1), increase the diameter dimension of sealer (4) and the radial deformation of blowout patche-seal (15) thereof, it is characterized in that sealer (4) stands to be different from the temperature action of its installation site wellbore fluid temperature.

20., it is characterized in that realizing that temperature action to sealer (4) is to transfer to after the desired depth temperature of temperature being brought up to above sealer (4) installation place wellbore fluid by sealer (4) according to the method for claim 19.

21., it is characterized in that realizing that the temperature action to sealer (4) is to transfer to desired depth by sealer (4) to reduce the temperature to the temperature that is lower than sealer (4) installation place wellbore fluid before according to the method for claim 19.

22., it is characterized in that in drilling well (1) desired depth installation place to the laggard trip temperature unloading of the temperature action of sealer (4) according to any one method among the claim 19-21.

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