CN208152979U - A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer - Google Patents
A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer Download PDFInfo
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- CN208152979U CN208152979U CN201721646881.XU CN201721646881U CN208152979U CN 208152979 U CN208152979 U CN 208152979U CN 201721646881 U CN201721646881 U CN 201721646881U CN 208152979 U CN208152979 U CN 208152979U
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- rubber plug
- impeller
- packer
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer involved in the utility model, including components such as ontology, outer sleeve, rubber plug seat, rubber plug, slip mechanism, packer bodies, outer sleeve and ontology sealing cooperate, and outer sleeve lower part is sequentially connected upper slips mechanism, packer body and lower slips mechanism.When operation, rubber plug is replaced to rubber plug seat, strip groove downlink of the outer sleeve with rubber plug seat and rubber plug on ontology, and when closing piece comes downwards to the strip groove lower end of ontology, upper slips mechanism, lower slips mechanism complete two-way seat and hang, and packer body realization is set.The utility model is hung by the two-way seat of slip mechanism and sealing mechanism sets and realizes that stable seat is hung and sealed, it solves annular space and seals problem, especially suitable for being difficult to realize annular mechanical sealing problem when deep-well fraclional well cementing operation, leakage risk when deep-well long well section fraclional well cementing is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to drilling well, well cementation, completion tool fields, insulate more particularly to outside a kind of bi-directional slip formula casing
Device.
Background technique
With the development of drilling technology, the Holes of Complicated Wells such as deep-well, directional well, high angle hole gradually increase, and cementing technology faces
Bigger challenge and difficulty.Fraclional well cementing technology is to install a kind of special well cementation work in a certain setting position of well inner sleeve tubing string
Has stage cementing device, by special process to stage cementing device upper and lower part well section casing annulus annular space point when well cementation
It does not cement the well, realizes and longer cement packing well section is divided into two sections of progress sealing.Fraclional well cementing is primarily adapted for use in disposably
Cementing interval isolation is too long, low pressure and easy leaking loses well, upper and lower well section excessive temperature differentials, petroleum distribution are discontinuous and spacing distance is too long etc.
Well cementing operation under the conditions of hole condition.
Currently, external packer of pipe is mainly by fill-type packer, compression packer, heat-sensitive type packer and self-expansion type
The several types such as packer realize downhole packer and bridge blinding for complicated oil, gas and water casing and stratum annular space, main to use
In being in charge of in completion practice.Fill-type packer is mainly used for single-stage well cementation formula stowing pulp or cement slurry realizes annular space packing
Device, such as a kind of tool of cement paste expansion sealing tube external packer auxiliary cement well of CN201236667Y publicity；Compression packer master
It is used for the screen casing sectional well completion operation of non-heavy crude heat extraction, mode is suppressed by piping tool in tripping in and compresses packing element realization wellbore envelope
Every purpose, such as a kind of Multilevel compressive extro-pipe packer used for segmented completion of horizontal well of CN201581856U publicity；Heat-sensitive type envelope
It is mainly used for thermal production well sectional well completion every device, is expanded by the expanding material that vapor (steam) temperature keeps it internal, pushes sealant
Cylinder deformation blocks annular space, such as a kind of viscous crude sectional well completion self-expanding external packer of pipe of CN205225170U publicity；Self-expanding
Formula packer is then, chance water automatic expansion offer Inter-zonal packing oily by rubber material chance after well cementation, but its sealability is limited,
Such as a kind of chance water self-expanding external packer of pipe of CN204532229U publicity.
Since part oil/gas well target zone buries relatively deep, disposable sealing naked eye segment length, well cementing operation annular space head of liquid
Height is easily more than Formation bearing pressure and misses；Even if using fraclional well cementing technology, for there are more set pressure series of strata systems
The wellbore of system, deep-well fraclional well cementing are still difficult to avoid that leakage accident occurs.It various is mechanically and hydraulically acted on however, existing
External packer of pipe is difficult to and stage well cementing tool and process matching use, heat-sensitive type and Self-expanding packer adaptability and sealing
Ability is limited, it is difficult to meet annular mechanical seal request when fraclional well cementing operation.Therefore, it researches and develops a kind of suitable for fraclional well cementing
The external packer of pipe of operation has highly important meaning to improving deep-well fraclional well cementing annular space packing ability and reducing leakage risk
Justice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned technical problem in the presence of the prior art, proposes a kind of bi-directional slip formula casing covering
Every device, casing annulus is insulated when especially suitable for two-stage cementing operation, rubber plug in place after, hung up down by hydraulic drive seat
Slip mechanism, and packer body is set, it realizes that bi-directional slip is sat and hangs, packer setting insulates casing annulus, and it is solid to reduce deep-well
Well construction misses risk, enhances the packing effect of casing annulus.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer including ontology and is sleeved on this external outer sleeve, slip mechanism, envelope
Every mechanism and it is sleeved on intrinsic rubber plug seat, rubber plug；Wherein：
The slip mechanism is made of upper slips mechanism and lower slips mechanism；Upper slips mechanism is connected under outer sleeve
End, including upper slips, upper slips impeller, thrust ring and upper slips matching piece；Lower slips mechanism includes that lower slips, lower slips push away
Moving part and lower slips matching piece；It is machined with positive slip insert on upper slips, inverted slips tooth, upper slips are machined on lower slips tooth
Impeller and lower slips impeller are machined with trapezoidal fit key, and upper slips and lower slips are machined with slips occlusion key, upper card
Watt and the cooperation of upper slips impeller, lower slips and the cooperation of lower slips impeller, lower slips matching piece is fixedly connected with ontology；
The packer body is formed by two along the symmetrical packing units of falling-resistant ring, and each packing units include sealant
Cylinder, plow-shape part, subring and Z-shaped resistor, plow-shape part one end are machined with tapered ramp, and cartridge one end is located at the oblique of plow-shape part
It on face, is coated and fixed by Z-shaped resistor, the other end is fixed by falling-resistant ring, and falling-resistant ring is the annulus knot of trapezoidal outer bell mouth shape
Structure, by cartridge end restraint in the trapezoidal annulus of falling-resistant ring；Subring is fixed by a pin to outside plow-shape part, simultaneously
Subring fixes Z-shaped resistor；
The packer body by plow-shape part respectively with the upper slips impeller of upper slips mechanism and lower slips mechanism
Lower slips impeller is connected between upper slips mechanism and lower slips mechanism；
Rubber plug seat is mounted on body interior, and rubber plug seat is tubular structure, and top is machined with closing piece hole, and lower part is machined with rubber plug
Set inclined-plane, the strip groove penetrated be axially machined on ontology, be machined with interior sliding groove in outer sleeve, closing piece hole, strip groove and
Interior sliding groove and closing piece cooperation will be fixed between rubber plug seat, ontology and outer sleeve, and rubber plug seat and outer sleeve and ontology pass through bar shaped
Cooperation is slided in slot limit, sealing.
Above scheme further comprises：
Body exterior is equipped with righting cylinder, and righting cylinder is circular ring structure, and outer surface is machined with wiper block and diversion trench.
Between outer sleeve and ontology, between upper slips impeller and ontology, between lower slips impeller and ontology, subring
It is fixedly connected by pin between plow-shape part.
Sealing ring is mounted in ontology strip groove upper and lower side, rubber plug seat lower part, plow-shape part.
Ontology is ordinary casing pipe nipple, and one end is equipped with box cupling, and the other end is threaded.
When bi-directional slip formula external casing packer operation of the invention, well cementing operation is first carried out, rubber plug is replaced to rubber plug seat
Afterwards, the pin shearing between outer sleeve and ontology, under hydraulic action, strip groove of the outer sleeve with rubber plug seat and rubber plug on ontology
Downlink, outer sleeve pushes upper slips matching piece downlink, and promotes upper slips downlink, so that slips occlusion key and trapezoidal fit key edge
The inclined-plane sliding of upper slips impeller, when upper slips matching piece, which comes downwards to thrust groove and thrust ring, to be contacted, upper slips are realized
It sits and hangs；Plow-shape part is under thrust ring and the effect of upper slips impeller, and the pin between subring and plow-shape part is sheared, plow-shape part
Beveled end is moved along ontology to falling-resistant ring, and plow-shape part enters cartridge inner surface, is pushed into plow-shape part so that cartridge be squeezed
Outer surface, falling-resistant ring and Z-shaped resistor ensure that cartridge both ends are fixed, and cartridge realizes swollen envelope, and then lower slips impeller
It pushes lower slips to sit to hang.When closing piece comes downwards to the strip groove lower end of ontology, upper slips mechanism, lower slips mechanism complete two-way seat
It hangs, packer body realization is set.
The advantage of the invention is that：Bi-directional slip formula external casing packer is hung by the two-way seat of slip mechanism and sealing mechanism
It sets and realizes that stable seat is hung and sealing, the two-way seat of slips ensure that tool is stable, legibility is not hung after hanging；Cooperate stage cementing device
Two-stage cementing operation can be carried out, annular space is solved and seals problem, especially suitable for being difficult to realize annular space when deep-well fraclional well cementing operation
Mechanical seal problem effectively reduces leakage risk when deep-well long well section fraclional well cementing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is bi-directional slip formula external casing packer structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram after bi-directional slip formula external casing packer is set；
Fig. 3 is that upper slips mechanism sits extension pre-structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that upper slips mechanism sits structural schematic diagram after extension；
Fig. 5 is that packer body sets pre-structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that packer body sets rear structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is Section A-A figure in Fig. 1；
Fig. 8 is section B-B figure in Fig. 1
Identical component is indicated by identical appended drawing reference in the figure, and attached drawing is not drawn to scale.
In figure：1. box cupling, 2. ontologies, 3. righting cylinders, 4. outer sleeves, 5. rubber plug seats, 6. rubber plugs, 7. upper slips mechanisms, 8.
Packer body, 9. lower slips mechanisms, 10. screw threads, 11. sealing rings, 12. pins, 201. strip grooves, 301. wiper blocks, in 401.
Sliding groove, 501. closing pieces, 502. closing piece holes, 701. upper slips, 702. upper slips impellers, 703. thrust rings, 704. upper slips
Matching piece, 705. slip inserts, 706. thrust grooves, 707. trapezoidal fit keys, 708. slips occlusion key, 801. cartridges, 802.
Plow-shape part, 803. subrings, 804. falling-resistant rings, 805.Z form drag part, 901. lower slips, 902. lower slips impellers block on 903.
Watt matching piece.
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention is further described.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, a kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer, mainly include box cupling 1, ontology 2, righting cylinder 3,
The components such as outer sleeve 4, rubber plug seat 5, rubber plug 6, slip mechanism, packer body 8.Ontology 2 is ordinary casing pipe nipple, and one end is equipped with
Box cupling 1, top are machined with strip groove 201, and the other end is threaded 10；Outer sleeve 4 and the sealing of ontology 2 cooperate, under outer sleeve 4
Portion is sequentially connected upper slips mechanism 7, packer body 8 and lower slips mechanism 9, and rubber plug seat 5 is located at the strip groove 201 inside ontology 2
Place.
As shown in figures 1-4, slip mechanism includes that upper slips mechanism 7 and lower slips mechanism 9 are constituted, and is located at packing machine
The both ends of structure 8.Upper slips mechanism 7 includes upper slips 701, upper slips impeller 702, thrust ring 703, upper slips matching piece 704；
Lower slips mechanism 9 includes lower slips 901, lower slips impeller 902, lower slips matching piece 903.It is machined with just on upper slips 701
To slip insert 705, inverted slips tooth is machined on lower slips tooth 901, upper slips impeller 702 and lower slips impeller 902 are equal
It is machined with trapezoidal fit key 707, upper slips 701 and lower slips 901 are machined with slips occlusion key 708, upper slips 701 and upper card
Watt impeller 702 cooperates, and lower slips 901 and lower slips impeller 902 cooperate；Upper slips 701 and upper slips matching piece 704 it
Between, pass through groove, protrusion occlusion anticreep between lower slips 901 and lower slips matching piece 903 respectively.In upper slips matching piece 704
It is machined with thrust groove 706, thrust ring 703 is located in thrust groove 706, and lower slips matching piece 903 is connected by screw thread with ontology 2.
As shown in Fig. 5~6, packer body 8 is installed on outside ontology 2 between upper slips mechanism 7 and lower slips mechanism 9
Surface is formed by two along the symmetrical packing units of falling-resistant ring 804, and each packing units include cartridge 801, plow-shape part
802, the components such as subring 803, Z-shaped resistor 805,801 one end of cartridge are located on the inclined-plane of plow-shape part 802, pass through Z-shaped resistance
Part 805 is coated and fixed, and the other end is fixed by falling-resistant ring 804.Subring 803 is fixed on outside plow-shape part 802 by pin 12,
Subring 803 is fixed by Z-shaped resistor 805 simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 7, the top of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer is equipped with righting cylinder 3, righting cylinder 3 is annulus knot
Structure is machined with wiper block 301, and 301 quantity of wiper block can be 8-10, prevents the abrasion when entering well of cartridge 801, wiper block
It is machined with diversion trench between 301, increases circulation canal after well.
As shown in Fig. 2,8, rubber plug seat 5 is installed inside bi-directional slip formula external casing packer, rubber plug seat 5 is tubular knot
Structure, top are machined with closing piece hole 502, and lower part is machined with rubber plug 6 and sets inclined-plane, and the strip groove 201 penetrated is machined on ontology 2,
Interior sliding groove 401 is machined in outer sleeve 4, fixed by closing piece 501 between rubber plug seat 5, ontology 2 and outer sleeve 4, rubber plug seat 5
It can be under external force along 2 strip groove of ontology, 201 downlink, closing piece hole 502, strip groove 201 and interior sliding groove 401 with outer sleeve 4
Quantity is identical, and quantity can be 6-8.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, the bi-directional slip formula external casing packer passes through between 4 lower end of outer sleeve and ontology 2
Pin 12 is fixedly connected, and upper slips impeller 702 and lower slips impeller 902 are fixedly connected by pin 12 with ontology 2, is assisted
Ring 803 is fixedly connected by pin 12 with plow-shape part 802；Ontology 2 is at 201 both ends of strip groove, 5 lower part of rubber plug seat, plow-shape part 802
Equal positions are mounted on sealing ring 11.
In the embodiment of a fraclional well cementing operation, the work of bi-directional slip formula casing packer is described according to Fig. 1 to 8
Industry process.
After bi-directional slip formula external casing packer enters well, first implement level-one well cementing operation, investment rubber plug 6 is replaced to rubber plug seat
After 5, under hydraulic action, the pin 12 between outer sleeve 4 and ontology 2 is sheared, and outer sleeve 4 is with rubber plug seat 5 and rubber plug 6 along ontology 2
On 201 downlink of strip groove, outer sleeve 4 push 704 downlink of upper slips matching piece, upper slips 701 also stress downlink along upper card
The inclined-plane sliding of watt impeller 702, the displacement so that slips occlusion key 708 and trapezoidal fit key 707 are staggered, upper slips 701
Outer diameter incrementally increases, when upper slips matching piece 704 comes downwards to 703 contact position of thrust groove 706 and thrust ring, upper slips 701
It realizes to sit and hang.
After upper slips mechanism 7 sits and hangs, the packing units on 8 top of packer body are first set, and plow-shape part 802 is in thrust ring
703 and under upper slips impeller 702 acts on, pin 12 between subring 803 and plow-shape part 802 is sheared, plow-shape part 802 it is oblique
Face end is moved along ontology 2 to falling-resistant ring 804, and plow-shape part 802 enters 801 inner surface of cartridge, so that cartridge 801 be squeezed
It is pushed into 802 outer surface of plow-shape part, falling-resistant ring 804 and Z-shaped resistor 805 ensure that 801 both ends of cartridge are fixed, and upper packing units are complete
At setting, lower packing units are set using same way realization.
After the completion of packer body 8 is set, upper slips mechanism 7 and packer body 8 continue outside ontology 2 under thrust
Surface downlink, and then lower slips impeller 902 pushes lower slips 901 to sit extension.When closing piece 501 comes downwards to the strip groove 201 of ontology 2
When lower end, upper slips mechanism 7, lower slips mechanism 9 complete two-way seat and hang, and the realization of packer body 8 is set.
Bi-directional slip formula external casing packer above-mentioned, the closing piece 501 on rubber plug seat 5（Equivalent 12 structure of pin）If
Fixed suitable shear pressure, can build the pressure shearing after well cementation and packer setting operation, and rubber plug 6 and rubber plug seat 5 are pushed into
Artificial bottom of a well, realization exempt to bore plug operation.
The present invention can be used for casing annulus packing, and cooperation stage cementing device can carry out two-stage cementing operation, pass through upper card
Watt mechanism 7, the two-way seat of lower slips mechanism 9 are hung and sealing mechanism 8 sets and realizes that stable seat is hung and sealing, and deep-well, classification are solved
Problem of the annular mechanical sealing to cause annular space to miss is difficult to realize when the special operations such as well cementation, when effectively improving fraclional well cementing
Annular space insulates effect and bearing capacity, greatly reduces leakage risk when deep-well long well section fraclional well cementing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer including ontology (2) and is sleeved on outer sleeve (4), the slips of ontology (2) outside
Mechanism, packer body (8) and the rubber plug seat (5) being sleeved in ontology (2), rubber plug (6)；It is characterized in that：
The slip mechanism is made of upper slips mechanism (7) and lower slips mechanism (9)；Upper slips mechanism (7) is connected to housing
Cylinder (4) lower end, including upper slips (701), upper slips impeller (702), thrust ring (703) and upper slips matching piece (704)；Under
Slip mechanism (9) includes lower slips (901), lower slips impeller (902) and lower slips matching piece (903)；On upper slips (701)
It is machined with positive slip insert (705), inverted slips tooth, upper slips impeller (702) and lower card is machined on lower slips tooth (901)
Watt impeller (902) is machined with trapezoidal fit key (707), and upper slips (701) and lower slips (901) are machined with slips occlusion
Key (708), upper slips (701) and upper slips impeller (702) cooperation, lower slips (901) and lower slips impeller (902) are matched
It closes, lower slips matching piece (903) is fixedly connected with ontology (2)；
The packer body (8) is formed by two along the symmetrical packing units of falling-resistant ring (804), and each packing units include close
Sealing cylinder (801), plow-shape part (802), subring (803) and Z-shaped resistor (805), plow-shape part (802) one end are machined with wedge-shaped oblique
Face, cartridge (801) one end are located on the inclined-plane of plow-shape part (802), are coated and fixed by Z-shaped resistor (805), and the other end is logical
It crosses falling-resistant ring (804) to fix, falling-resistant ring (804) is the circular ring structure of trapezoidal outer bell mouth shape, about by cartridge (801) end
Beam is in the trapezoidal annulus of falling-resistant ring (804)；Subring (803) is fixed on plow-shape part (802) outside by pin (12), simultaneously
Subring (803) is fixed by Z-shaped resistor (805)；
The packer body (8) by plow-shape part (802) respectively with the upper slips impeller (702) of upper slips mechanism (7) and
The lower slips impeller (902) of lower slips mechanism (9) is connected between upper slips mechanism (7) and lower slips mechanism (9)；
Rubber plug seat (5) is mounted on ontology (2) inside, and rubber plug seat (5) is tubular structure, and top is machined with closing piece hole (502), under
Portion is machined with rubber plug (6) and sets inclined-plane, and the strip groove (201) penetrated, processing in outer sleeve (4) are axially machined on ontology (2)
Have interior sliding groove (401), closing piece hole (502), strip groove (201) and interior sliding groove (401) and closing piece (501) cooperate rubber plug
Fixed between seat (5), ontology (2) and outer sleeve (4), rubber plug seat (5) and outer sleeve (4) and ontology (2) pass through strip groove (201)
Cooperation is slided in limit, sealing.
2. bi-directional slip formula external casing packer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Righting is equipped with outside ontology (2)
Cylinder (3), righting cylinder (3) are circular ring structure, and outer surface is machined with wiper block (301) and diversion trench.
3. bi-directional slip formula external casing packer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Outer sleeve (4) and ontology
(2) between, between upper slips impeller (702) and ontology (2), between lower slips impeller (902) and ontology (2), subring
(803) it is fixedly connected by pin between plow-shape part (802).
4. bi-directional slip formula external casing packer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：In ontology (2) strip groove (201)
Upper and lower side, rubber plug seat (5) lower part, plow-shape part (802) are mounted on sealing ring (11).
5. bi-directional slip formula external casing packer as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Ontology (2) is that ordinary casing is short
Section, one end are equipped with box cupling (1), and the other end is threaded (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721646881.XU CN208152979U (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721646881.XU CN208152979U (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208152979U true CN208152979U (en) | 2018-11-27 |
Family
ID=64412753
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721646881.XU Withdrawn - After Issue CN208152979U (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208152979U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109869112A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer |
-
2017
- 2017-12-01 CN CN201721646881.XU patent/CN208152979U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109869112A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of bi-directional slip formula external casing packer |
| CN109869112B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2024-02-20 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Bidirectional slip type casing external packer |
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Granted publication date: 20181127 Effective date of abandoning: 20240220 |