CN1380524A - Plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler and its design method - Google Patents
Plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler and its design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1380524A CN1380524A CN02114553A CN02114553A CN1380524A CN 1380524 A CN1380524 A CN 1380524A CN 02114553 A CN02114553 A CN 02114553A CN 02114553 A CN02114553 A CN 02114553A CN 1380524 A CN1380524 A CN 1380524A
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Abstract
The design method of highland high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler includes: conventional gas boiler structure, enlarging diameter of flue, increasing volume of furnace cavity, raising radiation heat-exchange quantity of furnace cavity, reducing smoke temp. of furnace cavity outlet and average temp. level of furnace cavity and reducing formation of pollutant NOx adopting low flow rate design with stepped variable speed, prolonging retention time of smoke in heated surface, making flow rate of smoke of second back stroke be higher than that of smoke of third back stroke; adopting high-temp. zone and low-temp zone design in third back stroke, high-temp. zone adopts the structure of shaped screw pipe with shaped turbolator and low-temp. zone adopts simple shaped pipe structure and the combustor adopts the type whose power curve possesses flat-characteristic curve.
Description
One, affiliated field
The invention belongs to the Thermal Power Engineering research field, particularly a kind ofly adjust the boiler structure design and combustion system reaches the method for designing of the plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler of high efficiency and boiler output to guarantee boiler according to the special combustion characteristics of fuel under the high height above sea level in highlands, the low air pressure condition.The present invention adopts the steam in the boiler master heating surface condensation flue gas, absorbs the latent heat of vaporization of steam and strengthens the technical scheme that heat convection reduces exhaust gas temperature, and boiler thermal output is brought up to more than 94%; Condensed water absorbs the SO of 20%～40% in the flue gas
xWith part NO
x, reach the reduction pollutant emission, and be beneficial to environmental protection.
Two, background technology
Begin one's study in domestic nearly ten years and develop the gas fired-boiler that is fit to the domestic market, imitation and improvement through nearly ten years, the product that domestic manufactory makes can satisfy the demand of domestic market basically, the gas fired-boiler that this stage introduces to the market has adopted conventional technology basically, should be called first developing stage.The thermal efficiency of phase I conventional boiler is near 90%.Gas fired-boiler has begun to enter second developing stage at present, and the typical characteristics of second stage is the high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boiler.So-called high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boiler is to be the renewal product that main purpose designs with the thermal efficiency that improves boiler, and these products must have the thermal efficiency apparently higher than conventional gas fired-boiler under the condition that meet or exceed existing environmental protection standard discharging.Wherein, there are three kinds of high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boilers to reach the practical stage abroad through years of researches, these high efficient gas boilers comprise the submerged combustion heating boiler, direct or indirect condenser boiler and adopt the intermittent combustion principle and the intermittent combustion boiler that designs.This three classes high efficient gas boiler major technology progress is novel combustion technology and augmentation of heat transfer The Application of Technology.For China manufactory, the thermal efficiency of second stage I type product will surpass 92%, and the thermal efficiency of II type product reaches 94%, and the thermal efficiency of III type product reaches 96%.So-called plateau type is in conjunction with gas fired-boiler burn on the plateau characteristics of use and the high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boiler researched and developed.
So-called condenser boiler mainly is meant by the steam in the condensing boiler flue gas, makes it discharge the latent heat of vaporization, reduces exhaust gas temperature simultaneously, reduces heat loss due to exhaust gas, improves a kind of heat-exchange apparatus of boiler thermal output.Except that improving the heat energy utilization rate, in the flue gas condensing process, the gas composition in the flue gas is condensed, and water absorbs or reaction, pernicious gas SO in the feasible smoke evacuation
x, NO
xContent significantly reduces.
Above-mentioned three kinds of high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boilers introducing all have the lower exhaust gas temperature and the higher thermal efficiency, generally can make the equipment overall thermal efficiency bring up to 95% above level, exceed the conventional boiler thermal efficiency more than 5%.What have reaches 98%.As seen high efficiency fuel savings significantly reduces operating cost.Has tangible environment-friendly advantage simultaneously.Above-mentioned three kinds of high-efficiency environment friendly gas fired-boilers, from technology and market prospects, can be directly carrying out the technology that the method for designing innovation directly realizes at home on the conventional products is exactly the condenser boiler technology.
The another one overall background is exactly, though China is carrying out Energy restructuring, strengthens oil, the ratio of gas fuel in whole energy consumption structure.But strictly, China is not an oil, the very abundant country of gas reserves, and oil, gas fuel and coal facies ratio belong to clean energy resource, Qing Jie the energy, and the importance of the about energy of adjusting eager to excel in whatever one does more, this also is an overall background of the present invention.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of boiler structure and heating surface on the basis of conventional gas fired-boiler, adjusted; strengthen the convection heating surface heat exchange; on the basis that does not increase other auxiliary heating surfaces, make boiler master heating surface generation condensation; absorb the latent heat of vaporization in the steam, reduce exhaust gas temperature simultaneously, improve the plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler method for designing of the thermal efficiency; the boiler of made of the present invention; boiler thermal output can be improved significantly, energy savings, protection environment.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is the method for designing of plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler, comprise, conventional gas fired-boiler structure is characterized in that, is undertaken by following method for designing on the basis of conventional gas fired-boiler structure:
1) when the boiler furnace structural design, strengthen the flue diameter, increase combustion space and improve radiation of burner hearth heat exchange amount, reduce furnace outlet gas temperature and burner hearth mean temperature level, reduce pollutant NO
xGeneration;
2) when boiler convection heating surface structural design, adopt the low flow velocity of step speed change to design
The design of hanging down flow velocity is adopted in the second and the 3rd backhaul at boiler, and the time of staying of prolong smoke in heating surface is to adapt to the plateau characteristics; For balanced overall structure resistance, adopt the step variable speed design to make the second backhaul flue gas flow rate be higher than the flue gas flow rate of the 3rd backhaul during design, because the second backhaul smoke density little (the cigarette temperature is high) is in the smoke density (the cigarette temperature is low) of the 3rd backhaul, the boiler overall resistance is descended, be unlikely to reduce the convection transfer rate of convection heating surface again because of the design of low flow velocity;
3) the 3rd backhaul adopts high low temperature segment design thought to reach the gentle enforcing condensation dual purpose of reduction cigarette
When the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe designs, adopt high-temperature region and low-temperature space segment design, high temperature section to adopt special-shaped screwed pipe to add the structure of special-shaped turbolator, accelerated flue gas cooling degree, reduced flue-gas temperature; Low-temperature space has adopted simple shape tube structure, forms condensation core, enforcing condensation heat exchange because the inwall projection of shape tube structure is beneficial under mainstream smoke temperature condition with higher at the inwall high spot; If also place special-shaped turbolator, may cause condensed water can not in time discharge or block flue in low-temperature zone;
When boiler capacity is big, boiler adopts horizontal type structure, can in time discharge in order to make condensed water liquid, do not influence condensing heat-exchange, when shape tube is arranged, adopt the radiation cone structure, the condensed water of generation can not be retained on heat-exchange surface, but flow in condensate collector and the drainage downwards fast, for fear of the condensed water corrosion boiler heating surface and the boiler setting moisture absorption, the condensed water of generation is discharged by the device of custom-designed band water seal; The high temperature section of other the 3rd backhaul adopts special-shaped turbolator choked flow, and also the time that prolong smoke is stopped in the boiler convection heating surface is favourable;
4) select power curve to have the burner types of flat characteristic curve; The aperture of air blast air register should increase by 33% than routine during actual motion, be adjusted to can with the degree of the needed air capacity of combustion gas coupling.With the imperfect combustion of avoiding the high height above sea level in highlands, low pressure, oxygen quantity not sufficient to cause.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler structure chart, (a) is front view, (b) is left view;
Fig. 2 is the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe project organization figure, (a) is the structure chart of high temperature section, (b) is the structure chart of low-temperature zone, (c) is the 3rd return structures full figure.
Five, the specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
1. structural principle
The gas fired-boiler of plains region work is transported to the ubiquity exhaust gas temperature rising of operation back, highlands interiorly, and the thermal efficiency reduces, the air capacity deficiency, and adversely affecting its combustion, the boiler over-emitting black exhaust, exerting oneself does not reach the situation of requirement.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, the version of conventional gas fired-boiler is adopted in design, comprises that the overall structure of conventional gas fired-boiler is referring to Fig. 1.Form by preceding case condensate drain outlet 1, burner 2, flue 3, front smoke box 4, stay bolt spare 5, shell 6, chimney 7, the chamber 8 of strile-bacing, explosion proof door 9, back smoke box 10, flame-observing hole 11, blow-off pipe 12, rear cabinet condensate drain outlet 13, condensed water water seal arrangement 14, the second backhaul smoke pipe 15, the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe 16 and boiler foundation 17.When boiler structure designs, adopt the low flow velocity design of convection heating surface, and adopt special-shaped turbolator choked flow, the time that prolong smoke stops, the heat exchange of low-temperature zone enforcing condensation in the boiler convection heating surface in the high temperature section of the 3rd backhaul.On the burner type selecting, should select power curve to have the burner types of falt characteristic, with the aperture of air register be adjusted to can with the degree of the needed air capacity coupling of combustion gas.For fixing fuel, the needed oxygen amount of its completing combustion is a certain value.And the ratio of airborne oxygen content does not change with the height of air pressure, and promptly atmospheric pressure reduces, the partial pressure constant rate of all gases in the air, but every m
3The airborne actual oxygen content of rice reduces.The aperture of air blast air register should increase by 33% than routine during actual motion, just can be adjusted to can with the degree of the needed air capacity of combustion gas coupling.
Taked after these steps, the applicant has released the hot-water boiler of plateau type G/WNS2.8-0.7/95/70-QT first because after the burner adjustment and boiler power collocation proper, boiler not only can oepration at full load, and has 110% overload capacity.
Have the characteristics of volume radiation according to flue gas behind the fuel gas buring, boiler design strengthens the flue diameter, increases combustion space and improves radiation of burner hearth heat exchange amount, reduces furnace outlet gas temperature and burner hearth mean temperature level, reduces pollutant NO
xGeneration.In second backhaul of boiler, adopt the measure of threaded flue enhanced heat exchange to reduce the flue-gas temperature that enters the 3rd backhaul.In order to strengthen the condensation number of steam in the flue gas, when designing, adopted by the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe the method (referring to Fig. 2) of high-temperature region and low-temperature space segment design, high temperature section has adopted special-shaped screwed pipe to add the structure of special-shaped turbolator, accelerate flue gas cooling degree, low-temperature space has adopted special-shaped screwed pipe structure, realizes reducing the dual purpose of the gentle enforcing condensation of cigarette.Among Fig. 21 ' be special-shaped turbolator, 2 ' be screwed pipe outer wall groove, 3 ' be screwed pipe inwall projection.Because the inwall projection of shape tube structure is beneficial under mainstream smoke temperature condition with higher and forms condensation core, enforcing condensation heat exchange at the inwall high spot.When boiler capacity is big, boiler adopts horizontal type structure, can in time discharge in order to make condensed water liquid, do not influence condensing heat-exchange, when shape tube is arranged, adopt the radiation cone structure, the condensed water of generation can not be retained on heat-exchange surface, but flow in condensate collector and the drainage downwards fast, for fear of the condensed water corrosion boiler heating surface and the boiler setting moisture absorption, the condensed water of generation is discharged by the device of custom-designed band water seal.2. operation principle
Steam volume composition is generally 15%～19% in the gas fired-boiler flue gas, steam contains a large amount of latent heats of vaporization in the flue gas, the operation principle of present technique is exactly to utilize the physics sensible heat of flue gas, when reducing exhaust gas temperature, reclaim the latent heat of vaporization of part steam in the flue gas, utilized the part of the high and low position of natural gas caloric value difference, thereby the boiler thermal output that calculates with low heat valve improves obviously.
At present conventional gas fired-boiler, the thermal efficiency that calculates with low heat value seldom have and obviously surpass 90%, and not only the waste of physics sensible heat is bigger, and the latent heat of vaporization that high and low position calorific capacity differs has also been wasted fully.Therefore the smoke discharging residual heat utilization of natural gas boiler and gas cleaning are to solve the in-problem important channel of present gas fired-boiler.By reclaiming the latent heat of vaporization in the flue gas, reduce exhaust gas temperature, improve the thermal efficiency of boiler, reduce operating cost.Can reduce the pollution of pollutant by in condensed water, adding and material in addition to environment, energy-conservation remarkable with environmental benefit.
With reference to figure 1 as can be known, the boiler workflow is as follows: burner 2 carries out radiant heat transfer with the high-temperature flue gas of natural gas and air mixed combustion generation in flue 3; Flue gas flows to the chamber 8 of strile-bacing backward and turns 180 °, and the cigarette temperature drop is 951 ℃; Enter the second backhaul smoke pipe 15 then and carry out heat convection, the cigarette temperature greatly reduces after the heat release, and second backhaul outlet drops to below 400 ℃ approximately; Turning 180 ° through front smoke box 4 enters to the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe 16 and carries out heat convection and steam is produced after the condensation again, and the cigarette temperature is reduced to exhaust gas temperature, and about 138/115 ℃, last flue gas is turned 90 ° by back smoke box 10 and entered atmosphere to chimney 7.
Specific embodiment:
According to structure of the present invention and operation principle, the applicant has manufactured and designed the plateau type G/WNS2.8-0.7/95/70-QT type hot-water boiler of first generation I type design, prove through actual motion, the average exhaust gas temperature of boiler reality is 138 ℃, thermal efficiency average out to 92.53%, condensation water quantity reaches more than 21%, produces a desired effect.
Press the hot-water boiler of the second generation II type plateau type G/WNS2.8-0.7/95/70 of the present invention's design, prove that through actual motion the average exhaust gas temperature of boiler reality is 115 ℃, thermal efficiency average out to 94.3%, condensation water quantity reaches more than 29.8%.The thermal efficiency and thermal parameter melt the on-the-spot detection in group company boiler room by mechanical industry Industrial Boiler and environment-friendly products quality monitoring inspection center in Qinghai China.
The boiler environmental-protecting performance is tested by last maritime works's pot environmental protection equipment quality monitoring measuring station, and its result is: the first, do not measure smoke dust discharge concentration; The second, do not measure SO
xConcentration of emission; The 3rd, NO
xConcentration of emission is 279mg/m
3, than the low 121mg/m of national GB13271-2001
3, all indexs are all well below the national standard requirement.
In order to verify the etching problem of condensed water to boiler heating surface, we entrust Qinghai Province condensation water quality to be chemically examined result of laboratory test PH=5.4 condensed water.Result of study shows that the condensed water of PH=5.4 has identical substantially corrosive power with the neutral water of PH=7.Through the observation to actual smoke pipe, its surface has only the sign of slight corrosion.
According to structural principle of the present invention and operation principle, the applicant has designed the plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler G/WNS2.8-0.7/95/70-QT of I type and II type respectively, optimization method for software is adopted in the boiler structure design, final scheme is that integrated optimization comes out from more than 50 different designs structures, and its specific design data are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 design data is extracted
| Boiler heat supplying amount MW | ????2.8 | The second backhaul smoke pipe diameter mm | ????φ63.5 |
| Rated operating pressure MPa | ????0.7 | The second backhaul smoke pipe radical-- | ????78 |
| Shell length m m | ????4100 | The 3rd backhaul heat transfer area m 2 | ????38 |
| Chamber diameter mm strile-backs | ????1500 | The 3rd backhaul mean flow rate m/s | ????14 |
| Flue volume heat load kW/m 3 | ????1037 | The 3rd backhaul smoke pipe diameter mm | ????φ63.5 |
| Flue outlet temperature ℃ | ????951 | The 3rd backhaul smoke pipe radical-- | ????36 |
| The second backhaul heat transfer area m 2 | ????44.2 | Exhaust gas temperature ℃ (I/II) | ????138/115 |
| The second backhaul mean flow rate m/s | ????18.4 | Test thermal efficiency % (I/II) | ????92.5/94.3 |
Product melts group company boiler room about 5 months time of heating season of trial run in Xining, Qinghai Province China, the proof of showing according to oily gas technology Development Co., Ltd in the Qinghai: natural gas actual motion 132 days, natural gas total burn-off are 174888.83 marks cube.Average every day, air consumption was 1324.92 marks cube, and calculated by 6 hours every day, and on average per hour air consumption only is 220.8m
3During the boiler rated load, on average per hour air consumption should be 313.3m
3, through on-the-spot record, in fact boiler can only reach 90% average load every day, and process conversion actual average per hour air consumption should be 282m
3, then per hour to save the combustion gas air consumption be 282m to actual average
3-220.8m
3=61.2m
3By every cube of 1 yuan of calculating of Xining natural gas, one is saved the combustion gas expense heating season altogether is 1 * 61.2 * 6 * 132=48470 unit, China has the boiler of this capacity to amount to more than 30000 at present, adopt this technology can save RMB 1,500,000,000 every year, energy-saving effect is remarkable, if the gas fired-boiler of all models all adopts this technology, then annual simple saving of fuel amount is extremely huge.
Claims (1)
1. the method for designing of a plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler comprises, conventional gas fired-boiler structure is characterized in that, is undertaken by following method for designing on the basis of conventional gas fired-boiler structure:
1) when the boiler furnace structural design, strengthen the flue diameter, increase combustion space and improve radiation of burner hearth heat exchange amount, reduce furnace outlet gas temperature and burner hearth mean temperature level, reduce pollutant NO
xGeneration;
2) when boiler convection heating surface structural design, adopt the low flow velocity of step speed change to design
The design of hanging down flow velocity is adopted in the second and the 3rd backhaul at boiler, and the time of staying of prolong smoke in heating surface is to adapt to the plateau characteristics; For balanced overall structure resistance, adopt the step variable speed design to make the second backhaul flue gas flow rate be higher than the flue gas flow rate of the 3rd backhaul during design, make the smoke density (cigarette temperature low) of the second backhaul smoke density (the cigarette temperature is high) less than the 3rd backhaul;
3) the 3rd backhaul adopts high low temperature segment design thought to reach the gentle enforcing condensation dual purpose of reduction cigarette
Adopt high-temperature region and low-temperature space segment design when the 3rd backhaul smoke pipe designs, high temperature section adopts special-shaped screwed pipe to add the structure of special-shaped turbolator, accelerates flue gas cooling degree, reduces flue-gas temperature; Low-temperature space adopts simple shape tube structure, and the inwall projection of shape tube structure is beneficial under mainstream smoke temperature condition with higher and forms condensation core, enforcing condensation heat exchange at the inwall high spot;
When boiler capacity is big, boiler adopts horizontal type structure, can in time discharge in order to make condensed water liquid, do not influence condensing heat-exchange, when shape tube is arranged, adopt the radiation cone structure, the condensed water of generation can not be retained on heat-exchange surface, but flow in condensate collector and the drainage downwards fast, for fear of the condensed water corrosion boiler heating surface and the boiler setting moisture absorption, the condensed water of generation is discharged by the device of custom-designed band water seal; The high temperature section of other the 3rd backhaul adopts special-shaped turbolator choked flow, and also the time that prolong smoke is stopped in the boiler convection heating surface is favourable;
4) burner selects power curve to have the type of flat characteristic curve; The aperture of air blast air register should increase by 33% than routine during actual motion, be adjusted to can with the degree of the needed air capacity of combustion gas coupling.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021145539A CN1140736C (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2002-04-30 | Plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler and its design method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021145539A CN1140736C (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2002-04-30 | Plateau type high-efficiency environment-protecting integrated condensation gas boiler and its design method |
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| CN1140736C CN1140736C (en) | 2004-03-03 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100449220C (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-01-07 | 成都前锋热交换器有限责任公司 | Condensing heat exchanger |
| CN100451526C (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2009-01-14 | 株式会社庆东纳碧安 | Heat exchanger for common use for boiler and hot water supply |
| CN101852424A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-06 | 山东骏马石油设备制造集团有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted, movable and skid-mounted smoke three-pass steam-injection boiler |
| CN101701746B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Small-sized efficient fuel gas/fuel oil boiler |
| CN102635945A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Through-flow type narrow-clearance integral condensation hot-water boiler |
| CN103438416A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-11 | 郑州豫懒环保锅炉有限公司 | Horizontal type internal combustion wet back boiler |
| CN105841142A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-10 | 大震锅炉工业（昆山）有限公司 | Efficient low-heating-value gas combustion boiler |
| CN109028581A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 山东爱客多热能科技有限公司 | Volume-type condensing heat exchanger |
| CN109519910A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 焦武军 | A kind of energy-saving fast semi-packaged boiler that subregion precisely conducts heat |
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| CN101881435B (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2011-11-16 | 西安交通大学 | Flue gas multi-return high-pressure and direct-current steam injection boiler body |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100451526C (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2009-01-14 | 株式会社庆东纳碧安 | Heat exchanger for common use for boiler and hot water supply |
| CN100449220C (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-01-07 | 成都前锋热交换器有限责任公司 | Condensing heat exchanger |
| CN101701746B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Small-sized efficient fuel gas/fuel oil boiler |
| CN101852424A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-06 | 山东骏马石油设备制造集团有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted, movable and skid-mounted smoke three-pass steam-injection boiler |
| CN101852424B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-09-14 | 山东骏马石油设备制造集团有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted, movable and skid-mounted smoke three-pass steam-injection boiler |
| CN102635945A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Through-flow type narrow-clearance integral condensation hot-water boiler |
| CN103438416A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-11 | 郑州豫懒环保锅炉有限公司 | Horizontal type internal combustion wet back boiler |
| CN105841142A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-10 | 大震锅炉工业（昆山）有限公司 | Efficient low-heating-value gas combustion boiler |
| CN109519910A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 焦武军 | A kind of energy-saving fast semi-packaged boiler that subregion precisely conducts heat |
| CN109028581A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 山东爱客多热能科技有限公司 | Volume-type condensing heat exchanger |
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| CN1140736C (en) | 2004-03-03 |
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