CN105508158B - Natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy - Google Patents

Natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105508158B
CN105508158B CN201511001532.8A CN201511001532A CN105508158B CN 105508158 B CN105508158 B CN 105508158B CN 201511001532 A CN201511001532 A CN 201511001532A CN 105508158 B CN105508158 B CN 105508158B
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natural gas
hot water
waste heat
utilization device
heat utilization
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CN105508158A (en
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胡孟起
肖俊峰
张宇博
朱立春
高松
李园园
李兆瑜
连小龙
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Huaneng Power International Inc
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Huaneng Power International Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A solar-coupled natural gas distributed energy system, comprising: the system comprises a gas turbine generator set, a waste heat utilization device, a solar heat collection system and the like, wherein natural gas sequentially passes through two stages of natural gas heaters and then enters a combustion chamber; air enters a combustion chamber after passing through an air compressor, and the air and natural gas enter a gas turbine after being combusted in the combustion chamber; the exhaust of the gas turbine enters a waste heat utilization device, and the exhaust of the waste heat utilization device enters the atmosphere; hot water generated by the solar heat collection system is used as a heat source of the first-stage natural gas heater, and hot water generated by the waste heat utilization device is used as a heat source of the second-stage natural gas heater; heating natural gas to rated temperature in the first-stage heater preferentially, and heating the insufficient part in the second-stage heater; the hot water demand of a hot water user is preferentially met by the waste heat utilization device, and the insufficient part is provided by the solar heat collection system; the steam demand of the steam user is generated and satisfied by the waste heat utilization device.

Description

Natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy.
Background art:
compared with the traditional centralized energy supply mode, the distributed energy system is directly oriented to users, produces and supplies energy on site according to the requirements of the users, has multiple functions and can meet the requirements of multiple targets. Compared with the traditional centralized energy supply mode, the distributed energy is close to the user side, a large power grid and a large heat supply network do not need to be built, the remote transmission of the energy is avoided, the construction investment can be saved, and the line loss and the operating cost are reduced. The distributed energy can be distributed photovoltaic, distributed wind energy, a natural gas distributed energy system (also called a natural gas combined cooling heating and power system) and the like. The natural gas distributed energy system consists of a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, an absorption heat pump, a refrigerating machine and other equipment, has multiple energy supply functions of power generation, heat supply, refrigeration and the like, can effectively realize cascade utilization of energy, and achieves the comprehensive utilization rate of the energy of more than 70%. Compared with other distributed energy systems, the natural gas distributed energy system has the advantages of stable and various energy output, and is particularly suitable for industrial parks and building groups with various energy requirements (electric power, hot water, cold water, steam and the like).
The gas turbine is a key device of a natural gas distributed energy system, and a pressure regulating station and a pre-processing module are arranged between a natural gas external pipe network and the gas turbine in order to meet the requirement of the gas turbine on the quality of natural gas fuel. The pressure regulating station is mainly used for carrying out coarse filtration and pressure regulation on natural gas entering a plant, and the front-end pretreatment module mainly comprises a natural gas fine filtration and heating unit. The natural gas temperature is a key parameter of fuel quality, affects the safe and efficient operation of a natural gas distributed energy system, and has two main reasons: firstly, due to joule-thompson effect, natural gas can be cooled in the pressure reduction process of a pressure regulating station, condensate water is easy to generate or hydrocarbon is easy to liquefy, and damage is caused to conveying equipment or the outer surface of a pipeline is iced, so that gas turbine manufacturers all require the fuel inlet temperature of a unit to be within a certain range, and the specific requirements of different types of units are different, for example, a GE PG6581B unit requires the fuel inlet temperature to exceed at least the natural gas dew point by 28 ℃ but the maximum temperature is not more than 125 ℃, and a GE PG9171E requires the fuel inlet temperature to exceed at least the natural gas dew point by 28 ℃ but the maximum temperature is not more; secondly, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine and the dynamic characteristics of the combustion chamber are greatly influenced by the temperature of natural gas, so the temperature of the natural gas must be accurately controlled before the natural gas enters the combustion chamber, for example, the GE adopts a 9F model (typically 9f.03, 9f.05 and the like) of a DLN2.0+ combustion system, an electric heater is required to heat the natural gas before the unit is connected to the power grid, a natural gas performance heater is put into the unit after the unit is connected to the power grid, and finally the temperature of the natural gas reaches a rated operation parameter of 185 ℃.
The existing natural gas heating technology mainly adopts modes of electric heating, water bath heating, steam extraction heating of a steam turbine, hot water heating of an outlet of a waste heat boiler and the like. The heating modes are high-energy and low-usage, and finally high-grade fossil energy is consumed, so that the energy utilization rate of a natural gas distributed energy system or a combined cycle power generation system is reduced.
Solar energy is a clean, pollution-free renewable energy source, and the development and utilization of the solar energy are considered as important components of an energy strategy by countries in the world. Solar heat utilization is one of the main ways of solar energy utilization. Solar heat utilization can be divided into three types of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature according to the temperature of working media. Because solar radiation has the characteristics of strong dispersibility and low energy flux density, and is suitable for outputting to obtain a medium-low temperature heat source, the medium-low temperature heat utilization is the most important field of low-cost and large-scale application of solar energy at present. The solar heat collection technology is one of solar medium and low temperature heat utilization technologies, mainly comprises two modes of vacuum tube heat collection and flat plate heat collection, is mature in technology and remarkable in energy-saving effect, and is widely applied to the field of hot water supply of residents in China. However, due to the characteristic of poor continuity of solar energy, reliable heat source output is difficult to ensure, if the solar energy is used for district heating, a heat storage system is very huge, and low-cost efficient utilization is difficult to obtain due to the low grade of the output heat source.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy. The system uses the cascade utilization of energy as a principle, and generates medium-low temperature hot water through the solar heat collector to heat natural gas required by the gas turbine, so that low-grade heat energy enters high-temperature Brayton cycle, the application level of the medium-low temperature solar energy is improved, the heat load requirement of a user side terminal is met together with the waste heat utilization device, the advantage complementation of renewable energy and natural gas distributed energy is achieved, stable solar heat utilization is obtained, the consumption of fossil energy is reduced, and the economy of the distributed energy system is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy comprises a gas turbine generator set, a waste heat utilization device, a solar heat collection system, a heat storage water tank, a hot water user, a steam user and a natural gas heater; wherein,
the natural gas inlet, the air inlet and the exhaust port are arranged on the gas turbine generator set, the natural gas inlet and the natural gas outlet are arranged on the natural gas heater, the outlet of the natural gas heater is connected to the natural gas inlet of the gas turbine generator set, the exhaust port of the gas turbine generator set is connected to the exhaust inlet of the waste heat utilization device, and the exhaust evacuation outlet is arranged on the waste heat utilization device;
a hot water circulating system is formed between the solar heat collecting system and the heat storage water tank, and a hot water circulating system is formed between the heat storage water tank and the natural gas heater and between the heat storage water tank and a hot water user; a hot water circulation system is formed between the hot water user and the waste heat utilization device, a hot water circulation system is formed between the waste heat utilization device and the natural gas heater, a steam outlet is formed in the waste heat utilization device, and the steam outlet is connected to the steam user.
The invention has the further improvement that the gas turbine generator set comprises a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine and a generator which are sequentially connected, wherein the gas compressor is provided with an air inlet, the combustion chamber is provided with a natural gas inlet, the gas turbine is provided with an exhaust port, and the gas turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity.
The invention has the further improvement that the natural gas heater comprises a first-stage natural gas heater and a second-stage natural gas heater which are sequentially connected, a hot water circulating system is formed between the heat storage water tank and the first-stage natural gas heater, and a hot water circulating system is formed between the waste heat utilization device and the second-stage natural gas heater.
The invention is further improved in that the waste heat utilization device is a waste heat boiler or a combination of the waste heat boiler and a steam turbine generator set.
The invention is further improved in that the solar heat collecting system adopts a vacuum tube or a flat plate type solar heat collecting system.
The invention is further improved in that a first valve is arranged on a hot water circulating system pipeline formed between the heat storage water tank and the natural gas heater, a second valve and a third valve are arranged on a hot water circulating system pipeline formed between the heat storage water tank and a hot water user, a fourth valve and a fifth valve are arranged on a hot water circulating system pipeline formed between the hot water user and the waste heat utilization device, and a sixth valve is arranged on a hot water circulating system pipeline formed between the waste heat utilization device and the natural gas heater.
The invention has the further improvement that in the working process, natural gas enters the combustion chamber after passing through the natural gas heater; air enters a combustion chamber after passing through an air compressor, and the air and natural gas enter a gas turbine after being combusted in the combustion chamber; the exhaust of the gas turbine enters a waste heat utilization device, and the exhaust of the waste heat utilization device enters the atmosphere; the solar heat collection system generates hot water to enter the heat storage water tank, the hot water circulates between the heat storage water tank and the natural gas heater, between the heat storage water tank and a hot water user, between the hot water user and the waste heat utilization device, and between the waste heat utilization device and the natural gas heater, and the waste heat utilization device provides water vapor for the steam user.
Compared with the prior art. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a distributed energy supply mode of solar energy and natural gas phase coupling, utilizes the characteristic of stable output of natural gas distributed energy, ensures that solar energy is stably utilized, and solves the defects of poor continuity and huge heat storage system of a single solar energy supply system.
Compared with a single natural gas distributed energy system, the invention uses renewable energy sources to supply heat (cold) under the condition of obtaining the same electricity and heat (cold) output, replaces part of fossil energy consumption, and achieves the beneficial effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The natural gas heating unit adopts solar energy to heat the natural gas, so that the consumption of fossil energy of the natural gas heating unit can be reduced, for example, a region type distributed energy system adopting a GE PG6581B gas turbine and a double-pressure non-reheat steam system is adopted, the original natural gas heating unit adopts hot water at the outlet of a low-pressure economizer as a heating medium to heat the natural gas from 25 ℃ to 125 ℃, when the heating unit adopts solar energy as a heat source, the power generation efficiency of the system can be improved by about 0.1 percentage point, and the annual utilization hours is 5000, so that about 7 ten thousand of natural gas can be saved.
According to the invention, low-grade heat energy obtained by the solar heat collection system is preferentially input into the high-temperature Brayton cycle power generation of the gas turbine, so that the application level of medium-temperature and low-temperature solar energy is improved, the cross-stage utilization of low-temperature heat energy is realized, and the power generation efficiency of the distributed energy system is improved, for example, the GE PG6581B gas turbine and the regional distributed energy system of the double-pressure non-reheat steam system are adopted, the natural gas can be heated from 25 ℃ to 125 ℃ by using solar energy, and compared with the working condition that the temperature of the natural gas is 25 ℃, the power generation efficiency of the system after the natural gas is heated can be improved by.
In conclusion, the solar energy and natural gas phase coupling energy supply mode is adopted, the characteristic of stable output of natural gas distributed energy is utilized, the solar energy is stably utilized, and the defects of poor continuity and huge heat storage system of a single solar energy supply system are overcome; compared with a single natural gas distributed energy system, under the condition of obtaining the same electricity and heat (cold) output, renewable energy sources are used for supplying heat (cold) to replace part of fossil energy consumption; the medium-temperature and low-temperature solar energy is utilized in a cross-level mode on the basis of the energy cascade utilization, natural gas is heated through the solar energy, the energy consumption of a natural gas heating unit is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of a distributed energy system is improved; the invention realizes the complementary advantages of renewable energy and fossil energy and has double benefits of energy saving and environmental protection.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a compressor; 2. a combustion chamber; 3. a gas turbine; 4. a waste heat utilization device; 5. a solar energy collection system; 6. a heat storage water tank; 7. a hot water user; 8. a steam user; 9. a first stage natural gas heater; 10. a second stage natural gas heater; 11. a generator; 101 to 106, first to sixth valves.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings and embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy according to the present invention includes: the system comprises a gas turbine generator set, a waste heat utilization device 4, a solar heat collection system 5, a heat storage water tank 6, a hot water user 7, a steam user 8, a first-stage natural gas heater 9, a second-stage natural gas heater 10 and a valve 101, wherein the gas turbine generator set comprises a gas compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2, a gas turbine 3 and a generator 11 which are connected in sequence; wherein, the natural gas enters the combustion chamber 2 after passing through a first stage natural gas heater 9 and a second stage natural gas heater 10; air enters a combustion chamber 2 after passing through an air compressor 1, and the air and natural gas enter a gas turbine 3 after being combusted in the combustion chamber 2; the exhaust of the gas turbine 3 enters a waste heat utilization device 4, and the exhaust of the waste heat utilization device 4 enters the atmosphere; the solar heat collection system 5 generates hot water to enter the heat storage water tank 6, and the heat storage water tank 6 is connected with the first-stage natural gas heater 9. The hot water user 7 is connected with the waste heat utilization device 4 at least through a fourth valve 104 and a fifth valve 105; the hot water user 7 is connected with the hot water storage tank 6 at least through a second valve 102 and a third valve 103; the steam user 8 is connected with the waste heat utilization device 4; the second stage natural gas heater 10 is connected with the waste heat utilization device 4 through at least a sixth valve 106.
The waste heat utilization device 4 can be a waste heat boiler or a combination of the waste heat boiler and a steam turbine generator set.
The first stage natural gas heater 9 uses hot water generated by the solar heat collector as a heat source, and the second stage natural gas heater 10 uses hot water generated by the waste heat utilization device as a heat source. The natural gas is preferentially heated to the rated temperature in the first stage natural gas heater 9, and when the hot water generated by the solar heat collection system 5 is insufficient, the natural gas is heated to the rated temperature in the second stage natural gas heater 10 by adjusting the sixth valve 106.
The solar heat collection system 5 adopts a vacuum tube or flat plate type solar heat collection mode.
The solar energy has the characteristics of good reproducibility and poor continuity, and the natural gas has the characteristics of poor reproducibility and good continuity, so that the advantages of renewable energy and fossil energy are complemented, the application energy levels of medium-temperature and low-temperature solar energy are improved, the solar energy is stably and efficiently utilized, the energy consumption of a natural gas heating unit is reduced, the thermal efficiency of a natural gas distributed energy system is improved, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly dual benefits are achieved.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, air passes through an air compressor 1 to form high-pressure air, the high-pressure air enters a combustion chamber 2, the high-temperature high-pressure air is generated after the high-pressure air and natural gas are combusted, the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas enters a gas turbine 3 to do work, and the gas turbine 3 drives a generator 11 to generate electricity. And then, the flue gas enters a waste heat utilization device 4 for waste heat utilization, and is discharged into the atmosphere after being cooled.
The water absorbs the flue gas waste heat in the waste heat utilization device 4, the generated hot water is respectively supplied to a hot water user 7 and a second-stage natural gas heater 10 through a fourth valve 104 and a sixth valve 106, and the generated steam is supplied to a steam user 8; the hot water is cooled by heat exchange in the hot water user 7 and the second-stage natural gas heater 10, and then returns to the waste heat utilization device 4.
The water absorbs solar heat energy in the solar heat collecting system 5 to form medium-low temperature hot water which enters the heat storage water tank 6, the hot water in the heat storage water tank 6 is divided into two paths after reaching a certain temperature, one path provides heat source water for the first-stage natural gas heater 9 through the first valve 101, and the other path provides heat source water for the hot water user 7 through the second valve 102; the hot water is cooled by heat exchange in the first-stage natural gas heater 9 and the hot water user 7, and then returns to the heat storage water tank 6.
The natural gas enters a first-stage natural gas heater 9 after passing through a pressure regulating station and a fine filter, the heat energy of the medium-low temperature hot water generated by a solar heat collecting system 5 is absorbed in the natural gas heater 9, the heated natural gas enters a second-stage natural gas heater 10, the heat energy of the hot water generated by a waste heat utilization device 4 is absorbed in the natural gas heater 10, and the heated natural gas enters a combustion chamber 2 after being heated to a rated temperature.
The heat demand for heating natural gas is ensured by two paths of heat sources, one path is from the waste heat utilization device 4, the other path is from the heat storage water tank 6, and the flow rates of the two paths of heat sources are respectively regulated through the opening degrees of the first valve 101 and the sixth valve 106; the operation principle is that the first valve 101 is opened preferentially to utilize the heat source water in the hot water storage tank 6, and the shortage is partially satisfied by opening the sixth valve 106.
The heat demand of the hot water user 7 is ensured by two paths of heat sources, one path is from the waste heat utilization device 4, the other path is from the heat storage water tank 6, and the flow rates of the two paths of heat sources are respectively regulated through the opening degrees of the fourth valve 104 and the second valve 102; the operation principle is that the fourth valve 104 is opened preferentially to utilize the hot water generated by the waste heat utilization device 4, and the shortage is partially satisfied by opening the second valve 102.

Claims (4)

1. A natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy is characterized by comprising a gas turbine generator set, a waste heat utilization device (4), a solar heat collection system (5), a heat storage water tank (6), a hot water user (7), a steam user (8) and a natural gas heater; wherein,
a natural gas inlet, an air inlet and an exhaust port are arranged on the gas turbine generator set, a natural gas inlet and a natural gas outlet are arranged on the natural gas heater, an outlet of the natural gas heater is connected to the natural gas inlet of the gas turbine generator set, an exhaust port of the gas turbine generator set is connected to an exhaust inlet of the waste heat utilization device (4), and an exhaust evacuation outlet is arranged on the waste heat utilization device (4);
a hot water circulating system is formed between the solar heat collecting system (5) and the heat storage water tank (6), and a hot water circulating system is formed between the heat storage water tank (6) and the natural gas heater and between the heat storage water tank (6) and a hot water user (7); a hot water circulating system is formed between the hot water user (7) and the waste heat utilization device (4), a hot water circulating system is formed between the waste heat utilization device (4) and the natural gas heater, a steam outlet is formed in the waste heat utilization device (4), and the steam outlet is connected to a steam user (8);
the gas turbine generator set comprises a gas compressor (1), a combustion chamber (2), a gas turbine (3) and a generator (11) which are sequentially connected, wherein an air inlet is formed in the gas compressor (1), a natural gas inlet is formed in the combustion chamber (2), an exhaust port is formed in the gas turbine (3), and the gas turbine (3) is used for driving the generator (11) to generate electricity;
the natural gas heater comprises a first-stage natural gas heater (9) and a second-stage natural gas heater (10) which are sequentially connected, a hot water circulating system is formed between the heat storage water tank (6) and the first-stage natural gas heater (9), and a hot water circulating system is formed between the waste heat utilization device (4) and the second-stage natural gas heater (10);
when the natural gas burner works, natural gas enters the combustion chamber (2) after passing through the natural gas heater; air enters a combustion chamber (2) after passing through a gas compressor (1), and the air and natural gas enter a gas turbine (3) after being combusted in the combustion chamber (2); the exhaust of the gas turbine (3) enters a waste heat utilization device (4), and the exhaust of the waste heat utilization device (4) enters the atmosphere; the solar heat collection system (5) generates hot water to enter the heat storage water tank (6), the hot water circulates between the heat storage water tank (6) and the natural gas heater, between the heat storage water tank (6) and a hot water user (7), between the hot water user (7) and the waste heat utilization device (4), and between the waste heat utilization device (4) and the natural gas heater, and the waste heat utilization device (4) provides water vapor for the steam user (8).
2. The solar-coupled natural gas distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat utilization device (4) is a waste heat boiler or a combination of a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine generator set.
3. The natural gas distributed energy system for coupling solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar heat collecting system (5) adopts a vacuum tube or a flat plate type solar heat collecting system.
4. The solar-coupled natural gas distributed energy system according to claim 1, wherein a first valve (101) is arranged on a hot water circulation system pipeline formed between the heat storage water tank (6) and the natural gas heater, a second valve (102) and a third valve (103) are arranged on a hot water circulation system pipeline formed between the heat storage water tank (6) and the hot water user (7), a fourth valve (104) and a fifth valve (105) are arranged on a hot water circulation system pipeline formed between the hot water user (7) and the waste heat utilization device (4), and a sixth valve (106) is arranged on a hot water circulation system pipeline formed between the waste heat utilization device (4) and the natural gas heater.
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CN114837818A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-08-02 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司 Gas turbine system and power generation system

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CN101825018A (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-09-08 通用电气公司 A system and method for heating a fuel using a solar heating system
CN102278205A (en) * 2010-06-13 2011-12-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Combined cycle method capable of being used for distributed air and fuel humidified gas turbine
CN205243745U (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-05-18 华能国际电力股份有限公司 Natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101825018A (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-09-08 通用电气公司 A system and method for heating a fuel using a solar heating system
CN102278205A (en) * 2010-06-13 2011-12-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Combined cycle method capable of being used for distributed air and fuel humidified gas turbine
CN205243745U (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-05-18 华能国际电力股份有限公司 Natural gas distributed energy system coupled with solar energy

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