CN1378993A - Low-temp liquid-phase sintering of zirconium oxide toughened alumina ceramics - Google Patents

Low-temp liquid-phase sintering of zirconium oxide toughened alumina ceramics Download PDF

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CN1378993A
CN1378993A CN 02111742 CN02111742A CN1378993A CN 1378993 A CN1378993 A CN 1378993A CN 02111742 CN02111742 CN 02111742 CN 02111742 A CN02111742 A CN 02111742A CN 1378993 A CN1378993 A CN 1378993A
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CN1152844C (en
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黄晓巍
黄校先
王士维
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Abstract

This invention is a low-temp. liquid-phase sintered zirconium oxide-toughened alumina ceramic material features that the TiO2, MnO2 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass is used as composite sintering aid through sintering at 1350-1420 deg.C for 2h to obtain a compact sinter with strength the of 422-619 MPa and toughness of 5.24-9.15 MPam 1/2. The added quantity of the introduced composite sintering aid is 0.5-2 wt.%, 0.5-2 wt.% and 0.5-3 wt.% of ZTA. Another feature is that the added composite sintering aid and ZTA formed from 3Y-TZP and Al2O3 are mixed altogether and compounded. The said method not only obviously lowers the sintering temp. of the zirconium oxide-toughened alumina ceramics, but also has its mechanical property equivalent to that of high-temp. solid-phose sintered one, and at the same time, there is no special requirement on the powder and equipment.

Description

The low-temp liquid-phase sintering of Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramic
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of low cost prepares Zirconia reinforced alumina (ZTA) pottery.Or rather, relate to the low-temperature sintering method of ZTA pottery, it is with calcium aluminosilicate glass, TiO 2And MnO 2As sintering aid, make ZTA pottery agglomerating under 1400 ℃ of low temperature, and its mechanical property is suitable with 1600 ℃ of agglomerating ZTA simultaneously.Belong to toughened zirconia ceramics material field.
Background technology
R.C.Garive in 1975 etc. find first by introduce the second-phase dispersion zirconia particles in alumina material, can make the bending strength of this composite diphase material and fracture toughness obtain to significantly improve.
Under the normal pressure, zirconium white has three kinds of crystal habits, is respectively monocline phase (m), cubic phase (t) and cube mutually (c).The wherein cubic transformation of monocline phase in opposite directions is attended by～4% volumetric expansion and～6% shear strain.This just feature that is had that changes mutually makes it can increase the required energy of crack propagation, suppresses the further propagation of crackle, thereby improves the fracture toughness property of material.Up to the present, the toughening mechanisms in the ZTA pottery all changes relevantly with this mutually, is respectively that stress-induced phase transformation is toughness reinforcing, tiny crack is toughness reinforcing, bearing stress and crack deflection.
Usually, improving under the room temperature contained Tetragonal content in the ZTA material, thereby be increased in the phase variable under the external carbuncle effect, is one of main method that improves its bending strength and fracture toughness.Under the room temperature, what of Tetragonal content are relevant with the zirconia crystallite dimension with stabiliser content.In the certain situation of stabiliser content, crystallite dimension is more little, and Tetragonal content is more high.
The sintering temperature of ZTA material is higher, and looks the difference of the character of powder and composition and difference is generally 1550～1700 ℃.This mainly is because aluminum oxide and zirconium white all have fabulous stability at elevated temperature, almost do not have or have only the solid solution of minute quantity during high temperature between the two-phase, thereby sintering activity is relatively poor.In addition, because the pinning effect that had of intergranular oxidation zirconium particle, suppressed the crystal boundary migration of alumina grain in the sintering process, also suppressed the grain growing of aluminum oxide, thereby the densification of material also is affected.In order to reach the agglomerating purpose, the ZTA material adopt usually hot pressing or (with) HIP sintering technology.
For acceleration of sintering, the method that usually adopts has two kinds.A kind of is to improve powder preparation technology, to obtain fine grained, be uniformly dispersed and do not have the high-quality powder of reunion, such as colloidal state preparation technology.Yet this method complicated process of preparation, preparation cost is higher.Second method is to introduce suitable sintering aid.Sintering aid or with the solid solution of matrix phase or the liquid phase that forms at a lower temperature can significantly improve the diffusion rate of material, all can reach acceleration of sintering, reduce the purpose of sintering temperature.Obviously, second method is less demanding to powder quality, and preparation technology is simple, has reduced preparation cost, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
TiO 2, MnO can promote Al as sintering aid 2O 3The sintering of pottery, this has been the prior art that persons skilled in the art should be known.Such as [R.D.Bagley, I.B.Cutler and DL.Johnson, Effect of TiO such as R.D.Bagley 2On initial sintering of Al 2O 3, J.Am.Ceram.Soc., Vol.53, No.3,136-141,1970] and studied TiO 2To Al 2O 3Al is found in the impact of initial stage sintering 2O 3Sintering rate with TiO 2The increase of addition and increasing gradually, sintering mechanism is with Al 2O 3The increase of particle size changes the crystal boundary diffusion into from bulk diffusion, and sintering temperature is 1520 ℃.And for example W.D.Mckee etc. [W.D.Mckee, JR.and E.Aleshin, Aluminum oxide-titanium oxide solid solution, J.Am.Ceram.Soc., Vol.46, No.1,54-58,1963] thinks TiO 2To Al 2O 3The facilitation of sintering mainly comes from crystal boundary.For another example [J.R.Keski and I.B.Cutler, the Initialsintering of Mn such as J.R.Keski xO-Al 2O 3, J.Am.Ceram.Soc., Vol.51, No.8,440-444,1968] and studied MnO to Al 2O 3The impact of sintering finds that the MnO of 0.3wt% can make Al 2O 3Obtain maximum sintering rate, sintering mechanism is bulk diffusion, and sintering temperature is 1500-1550 ℃.Yet TiO has only been set forth in above-mentioned research 2, MnO is to Al 2O 3The impact of sintering has no report as for them to the impact of material mechanical performance.
[M.I.Osendi and J.S.Moya, Role of titania on the sintering, the microstructure and fracture toughness of Al such as M.I.Osendi 2O 3/ ZrO 2Composites, J.Mater.Sci.Lett., 7 (1988) 15-18] studied TiO 2To Al 2O 3/ ZrO 2A small amount of TiO is found in (8vol%) impact of composite diphase material sintering, microstructure and fracture toughness 2Can promote the initial stage sintering rate of this composite diphase material, and promote Al 2O 3Grain growth.After 1570 ℃ of thermal treatment, also observed ZrO 2The remarkable growth of crystal grain.Sample after the thermal treatment can obtain best fracture toughness property (5.2MPam 1/2).Yet sintering temperature still higher (1570 ℃), and there is not bending resistance intensity report.[C.S.Hwang, Y.J.Changand S.W.Chen, Effect of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and mechanicalproperties of TiO such as C.S.Hwang 2-added zirconia-toughened alumina (part 2), J.Ceram.Soc.Jap., 164 (1) 1-5 (1996)] studied TiO under the atmosphere sintering 2Additive is to Al 2O 3/ ZrO 2(15mol%) influence of composite diphase material sintering and mechanical property is found at N 2+ H 2Under the atmosphere sintering, TiO 2Not only can promote the sintering of composite diphase material, and grain-size is less, helps the raising of mechanical property, maximum bending strength and fracture toughness property reach 500MPa and 6.5MPam respectively 1/2Yet its sintering temperature is 1500 ℃, and is still higher.
[the I.B.Cutler such as I.B.Cutler, C.Bradshaw, C.J.Christensen and E.P.Hyatt, 1400 ℃ of and below of Sintering of alumina at temperatures of, J.Am.Ceram.Soc., 40 (1957) (4) 134-139] pass through at Al 2O 3Introduce TiO in the powder 2-MnO is as sintering aid, obtained fine and close sintered body in 1400 ℃, and thought that its sintering mechanism is liquid-phase sintering.Afterwards, [H.Erkalfa, Z.Misirli and T.Baykara, The effect of TiO such as H.Erkalfa 2And MnO 2Ondensification and microstructural development of alumina, Ceram.Int., 24 (1998) 81-90] at Al 2O 3Introduce TiO in the powder 2-MnO 2As additive, obtained 98.2% relative density in 1250-1300 ℃.Yet both all do not have the relevant report of mechanics performance.[the S.R.Pereira such as S.R.Pereira, P.Sepulveda and V.C.Pandolfelli, Liquid-phase sintering of high-alumina composites:mechanical and thermomechanical characterization, Interceram, Vol.48, No.4,238-245,1999] at Al 2O 3/ ZrO 2Introduce TiO (10-20wt%) 2-MnO is as sintering aid, obtained 93.6% relative density in 1300 ℃, because the porosity of sample is higher, this material has preferably thermal shock resistance (when Δ T was 150 ℃, bending strength was about 250MPa).
In view of above-mentioned research background, the present inventor recognizes merely with TiO 2-MnO 2Introduce in the ZTA material as sintering aid, can promote its sintering, but should be taken into account TiO simultaneously 2-MnO 2Can cause that thereby significant grain growing causes the decline of mechanical property.So propose an imagination, promptly at TiO 2-MnO 2When adding, can introduce other sintering aid again, thereby both make the reduction of ZTA sintering temperature and made the cubic phase content among the ZTA not reduce the too many fracture toughness property (K that makes IC) suitable with 1600 ℃ of agglomerating ZTA materials with room temperature bending strength (σ).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to make Zirconia reinforced alumina material sintering under lower temperature by introducing suitable complex sintering aids, have again preferably room-temperature mechanical property simultaneously.Specifically, the sintering aid of the present invention's employing is TiO 2, MnO 2The complex sintering aids that forms with the calcium aluminosilicate glass, and they and 3Y-TZP (the 3 gram molecule %Y of formation ZTA 2O 3Stable tetragonal zirconia polycrystal pottery partly) and Al 2O 3Mix simultaneously and do not need to generate earlier ZTA and then add sintering aid, that is the primary raw material that adopts is the common commercial powder, by mechanical mixing (ball milling) each component is mixed, obtained fine and close sintered body in 1400 ℃, the mechanical property of its mechanical property and 1600 ℃ of solid phase sintered material is suitable.
At first, the primary raw material of the present invention's employing is α-Al 2O 3(purity＞99.8%, average grain diameter are 1.3 microns), 3Y-TZP (purity＞99.9%, average grain diameter are 2.8 microns), commercially available TiO 2(chemical pure), MnO 2(chemical pure).And homemade CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass prepares as follows.
Homemade CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The raw materials of glass is commercially available CaCO 3, Al 2O 3And SiO 2(being chemical pure) is 20.0-26.0wt% by CaO, Al 2O 3Be 12.0-18.0wt%, surplus is SiO 2The weighing each component, ball milling 24 hours in the oxidation aluminum barrel so that each component mix.After the oven dry, powder is put into alumina crucible, found into transparent liquid phase in 1500 ℃/2h.Open fire door then, in this transparent liquid phase impouring cold water, obtain water white glass.With this glass grinding, sieve after, ball milling 72 hours in the oxidation aluminum barrel again.Be after the oven dry and can make the CaO-Al that sintering aid uses 2O 3-SiO 2Glass dust.
Secondly, by following proportioning weighing, 3Y-TZP is 5～50vol%, Al with above each raw material 2O 3Be 95～50vol%, TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2All adopt outer add mode, TiO 2Addition is 0.5～2wt%, MnO 2Addition is 0.5～2wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Addition is 0.5～3wt%, adopts ceramic dry-pressed method commonly used to make sample.At last, the sintering of sample adopts pressureless sintering, carries out in the Si-Mo rod stove, and temperature increasing schedule is that room temperature to 750 ℃ is 4～8 ℃/minute, is incubated 1～4 hour, rises to 1350～1420 ℃ with 4～10 ℃/minute afterwards, is incubated 2 hours, then furnace cooling.
The present invention has following advantage:
(1) can prepare the Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramic material by the mechanically mixing method, remove the harsh requirement of other preparation method from, reduce preparation cost equipment, raw material and technology;
(2) in 1400 ℃ of pressureless sintering Zirconia reinforced alumina materials, reduce sintering temperature, reduced energy consumption;
(3) microstructure of preparation gained material mostly is made up of～1 micron small grains.This material has good room-temperature mechanical property.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffractogram of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 sample.TM-CAS is the sample that has added the calcium aluminosilicate glass among the figure, and its crystalline phase is α-Al 2O 3, Tetragonal ZrO 2, monoclinic phase ZrO 2, wherein Tetragonal content accounts for 85% of total zirconia content, and TM is for only adding TiO 2And MnO 2And the sample of calcium aluminosilicate glass is added at the end.
Fig. 2-1 is the SEM photo of comparative example 1 sample.
Fig. 2-2 is the SEM photo of embodiment 1 sample, and as seen from the figure, the alumina grain size is about 1 micron, and zirconium white is about 0.5 micron.Compare with comparative example 1, the crystallite dimension of sample obviously reduces behind the adding calcium aluminosilicate glass, and does not have the abnormal grain growth phenomenon.
Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffractogram of embodiment 2 to embodiment 5.
Embodiment
Further illustrate essence of an invention characteristics and obvious improvement below by embodiment.But only limit to embodiment by no means.
Embodiment 1
120.8 the Al of gram 2O 3Powder, the 3Y-TZP powder of 79.2 grams, the TiO of 2 grams 2, the MnO of 2 grams 2CaO-Al with 4 grams 2O 3-SiO 2Glass.Adding 200 ml distilled waters and 40 ml concns is the PVA solution of/100 milliliters of 5 grams, is the Al of liner at polyethylene 2O 3Ball milling is 24 hours in the ball grinding cylinder.40 mesh sieves are crossed in the oven dry back.The unidirectional strip that is pressed into 5mm * 8mm * 60mm that adds, again under 200MPa pressure isostatic cool pressing with further increase biscuit density.In order to compare, we have prepared comparative sample, and are identical with said process, just do not add CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass.
Sintering is to carry out in the Si-Mo rod stove, and sample is imbedded aluminum oxide and buried in the powder, sample and bury powder and all place alumina crucible.The temperature increasing schedule of stove is: room temperature to 750 ℃ is 5 ℃/minute, and 750 ℃ of insulations rose to 1400 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute afterwards so that binding agent PVA fully gets rid of in 2 hours, were incubated two hours, then furnace cooling.This ZTA consists of ZrO 2Content is 30vol%, Al 2O 3Be 70vol%.
Behind the sample sintering, the surface grinds off about thickness 0.5mm, and with Archimedes's water soaking method measuring density, X-ray diffraction method carries out facies analysis.The polishing sample is used the scanning electron microscopic observation sample topography after thermal etching in 1300 ℃/20 minutes.
Sample is processed into 3mm * 4mm * 35mm bending strength strip through grinding, and measures bending strength with three-point bending method, span 30mm.Measure crack length under 10 kilograms of the load and calculate fracture toughness property.
As shown in Figure 1, material is by α-Al 2O 3, t-ZrO 2And m-ZrO 2Form, add CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The sample of glass, its Tetragonal content accounts for 85% of total zirconia content, and bending strength reaches 552MPa, and fracture toughness reaches 6.03MPam 1/2And do not add CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Its Tetragonal content of the sample of glass accounts for 67% of total zirconia content, and bending strength and fracture toughness are respectively 426MPa and 5.45MPam 1/2
Fig. 2 is the microstructure photograph of sample.As seen from the figure, the alumina grain size is about about 1 micron, and zirconia is about about 0.5 micron.Simultaneously, compare with comparative sample, add CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The crystallite dimension of sample obviously reduces behind the glass, and does not have the abnormal grain growth phenomenon.This shows CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2As if glass have the ZTA grain growth of inhibition and make Tetragonal content increase among the ZTA.
Embodiment 2
The Al of 171 grams 2O 3Powder, the 3Y-TZP powder of 29 grams, TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The addition of glass is identical with embodiment 1, and other processes are also identical with embodiment 1.Its bending strength and fracture toughness property are respectively 422MPa, 5.24MPam 1/2ZrO during the ZTA of final sintering forms 2Content is 10vol%, Al 2O 3Content is 90vol%.
Embodiment 3
144.8 the Al of gram 2O 3Powder, the 3Y-TZP powder of 55.2 grams, TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The addition of glass is identical with embodiment 1, and other processes are also identical with embodiment 1.Its bending strength and fracture toughness property are respectively 515MPa, 6.12MPam 1/2ZrO during the ZTA of final sintering forms 2Content is 20vol%, Al 2O 3Content is 80vol%.
Embodiment 4
The Al of 99 grams 2O 3Powder, the 3Y-TZP powder of 101 grams, TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The addition of glass is identical with embodiment 1, and other processes are also identical with embodiment 1.Its bending strength and fracture toughness property are respectively 583MPa, 6.56MPam 1/2ZrO during the ZTA of final sintering forms 2Content is 40vol%, Al 2O 3Be 60vol%.
Embodiment 5
79.2 the Al of gram 2O 3Powder, the 3Y-TZP powder of 120.8 grams, TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The addition of glass is identical with embodiment 1, and other processes are also identical with embodiment 1.Its bending strength and fracture toughness property are respectively 619MPa, 7.15MPam 1/2ZrO during the ZTA of final sintering forms 2Content is 50vol%, Al 2O 3Content is 50vol%.
Embodiment 6
Such as composition as described in the embodiment 1, outer adding TiO 2Be 1.5wt%, MnO 2Be 0.5wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass is 3wt%, and in 1400 ℃/2h sintering, the performance of gained is suitable with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Such as composition as described in the embodiment 2, outer adding TiO 2Be 0.5wt%, MnO 2Be 1.5wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass is 3wt%, and in 1420 ℃/2h sintering, the performance of gained is suitable with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 8
Such as composition as described in the embodiment 3, outer adding TiO 2Be 1.5wt%, MnO 2Be 1.5wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass is 2wt%, and in 1350 ℃/2h sintering, the performance of gained is suitable with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9
Such as composition as described in the embodiment 4, outer adding TiO 2Be 1.5wt%, MnO 2Be 1.5wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass is 1wt%, and in 1380 ℃/2h sintering, the performance of gained is suitable with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10
Such as composition as described in the embodiment 5, outer adding TiO 2Be 1.5wt%, MnO 2Be 0.5wt%, CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass is 3wt%, and in 1400 ℃/2h sintering, the performance of gained is suitable with embodiment 5.
Cited embodiment is summarized in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment of the invention gathers
Embodiment ZTA forms Sintering aid (wt%) Sintering condition
??TiO 2 ??MnO 2 CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2
????1 ?30vol％ZrO 2?70vol％Al 2O 3 ????1 ????1 ????2 ?1400℃/2h
????2 ?10vol％ZrO 2?90vol％Al 2O 3 ????1 ????1 ????2 ?1400℃/2h
????3 ?20vol％ZrO 2?80vol％Al 2O 3 ????1 ????1 ????2 ?1400℃/2h
????4 ?40vol％ZrO 2?60vol％Al 2O 3 ????1 ????1 ????2 ?1400℃/2h
????5 ?50vol％ZrO 2?50vol％Al 2O 3 ????1 ????1 ????2 ?1400℃/2h
????6 With embodiment 1 ????1.5 ????0.5 ????3 ?1400℃/2h
????7 With embodiment 2 ????0.5 ????1.5 ????3 ?1420℃/2h
????8 With embodiment 3 ????1.5 ????1.5 ????2 ?1350℃/2h
????9 With embodiment 4 ????1.5 ????1.5 ????1 ?1380℃/2h
????10 With embodiment 5 ????1.5 ????0.5 ????3 ?1400℃/2h

Claims (4)

1, a kind of low-temperature sintering of Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramic comprises the selected of raw material, component, sintering aid and sintering temperature, it is characterized in that:
(1) 3Y-TZP is 5～50vol% in the component of ZTA, Al 2O 3Be 95～50vol%;
(2) TiO 2, MnO 2And CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2The complex sintering aids that glass forms is to adopt the mode that adds, and addition is respectively 0.5～2wt%, 0.5～2wt% and 0.5～3wt%, and with ZTA in 3Y-TZP and Al 2O 3Mix simultaneously, reaction forms;
(3) sintering schedule is that room temperature to 750 ℃ is 4～8 ℃/minute, is incubated 1～4 hour, is warming up to 1350～1420 ℃ with 4～10 ℃/minute afterwards, is incubated 2 hours, furnace cooling.
2, by the low-temperature sintering of the described Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramic of claim 1, it is characterized in that the zirconia among the described ZTA is to contain 3mol%Y 2O 3The tetragonal zirconia polycrystal material, purity＞99.9%, 2.8 microns of average grain diameters; Al among the ZTA 2O 3Purity＞99.8%, average grain diameter are 1.3 microns.
3, by the low-temperature sintering of the described Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramic of claim 1, it is characterized in that described CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass dust forms: CaO is 20.0～26.0wt%, Al 2O 3Be 12.0～18.0wt%, surplus is SiO 2
4, by the low-temperature sintering of claim 1 or 3 described Zirconia reinforced alumina ceramics, it is characterized in that CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2Glass was by the component batching, after 1500 ℃/2h founds, made 3.4 microns of average grain diameters behind the mixing through 72 hours ball millings.
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