CN1376851A - Channels and collaterals type water-proof drainage structure for underground engineering and its construction method - Google Patents
Channels and collaterals type water-proof drainage structure for underground engineering and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1376851A CN1376851A CN 02117721 CN02117721A CN1376851A CN 1376851 A CN1376851 A CN 1376851A CN 02117721 CN02117721 CN 02117721 CN 02117721 A CN02117721 A CN 02117721A CN 1376851 A CN1376851 A CN 1376851A
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Abstract
An impervious water-draining structure for underground engineering features that the water permeable tubes and the cloth-film assembly are arranged to arch part and side walls, and the permeable cement-base mortar is plastered to form a water resistant, drainage, interceping and blocking structure. Its advantages are simple construction, and easy manufacture of assembly and materials.
Description
(1) technical field:
The invention belongs to the underground construction technical field, relate in particular to the underground project waterproof drainage and construction method
(2) background technology:
The top priority of underground construction be bring up one do not collapse do not collapse, safe, the stable underground space; Next is on the basis of this safety and stability, guarantees a comfortable work living environment.Most importantly the waterproof damp proof insulation performance of underground construction in the ambient conditions.
If underground construction does not have good waterproof damp proof insulation condition, its consequence will be:
The underground construction service life shortens greatly;
Underground construction is used the processing performance forfeiture: ground water seepage, and the space humidity, the equipment and material corrosion,
Mouldy, rotten, the staff does not feel well, and resistance reduces, susceptible disease or the like.
Radon in the stratum (Rn) is let out along the ground water seepage duct and is emitted in the underground space, after generation is accumulated,
Be to cause the human arch-criminal who suffers from lung cancer.
The underground project waterproof problem is a technical barrier always, and according to incompletely statistics, having built underground construction has about 70% in various degree seepage and moisture issues approximately, newly-built many underground constructions, and failure lesson in this respect is not within minority; In case headache is to go wrong, even spend huge human and material resources maintenance regulation, also difficulty extremely, and little proving effective.
External underground project waterproof problem is quite a few, and also there is leakage problems in the Washington, DC subway station.Over past ten years, in the leakage of underground engineering control, relatively pay attention to also obtaining effect preferably abroad.
The problem that the prior art composite lining exists aspect waterproof and structure durability:
In the railway tunnel of Dayao Mountain, introduce the composite lining (anchor spray once supporting and mould annotate press from both sides the thick flexible PVC PVC of 1.5～2.0mm in the cast-in-place secondary lining and the thick high low density polyethylene (LDPE) PE film of 1.0～1.5mm is done waterproofing course) of Japan, in other underground constructions such as railway Nan Ling, Jundu Shan Mountain tunnel, Beijing Metro, Chinese parasol tree mountain, Shenzhen highway tunnel, use later on, receive certain effect.But also has big distance from instructions for use.Its concrete steps and way are as follows:
On the excavation free face in underground construction or tunnel, adopt the bolting and shotcreting with wire mesh technology, finish once supporting (establishing reinforcing bar barrier or shaped steel in the anchor and spray net ...), on once supporting, lay PVC or PE waterproof film, this technology and method have following problem:
As supporting the once supporting that whole pressures from surrounding rock of underground construction and lotus are equipped with, its table in construction period
Face is rough, and pneumatically placed concrete self can't possess desired impervious because of technological reason
Ability;
The waterproofing course that polyvinyl chloride and high and low density PE waterproof film are formed will pass through a large amount of layings,
Seam welding, fixing, and operating procedure such as weld seam fixed mass detection, be difficult to guarantee a large amount of
Artificial manual quality;
The waterproof film that lays is difficult to resist the puncture bump of the steel bar end in the follow-up construction;
The waterproof film that has laid is touched when annotating concrete pouring under the pressure effect easily by concavo-convex at secondary
The squeezing broken of flat once supporting and damaging;
Before the once supporting final set, because of there are the space in weight relationships and excavation free face, though but the slip casting filling,
But be difficult to all deal with problems, still have phreatic accumulating, become leak source.
After the waterproof film completion of paving on the once supporting, upright cast secondary lining (concrete or the steel concrete) structure of touching.After this construction sequence is finished, finished that promptly waterproof film (waterproofing course) is clipped in the middle of once supporting and the secondary lining, the three becomes a composite lining structure.This step process and method have following problem again:
Because once supporting does not have impervious function, in case the waterproofing course existing problems, underground water will soak
Cross waterproof film seepage flow and dispersed in the whole secondary lining outside, immediately from two lining weak links,
And three the seam in seepage in underground construction ...;
Because waterproofing course is separated into two skins with once supporting and secondary lining, when stressed, combined type
Lining cutting is difficult to acting in conjunction, and the stressed function that requires during with design is inconsistent;
Waterproofing course is between once supporting and the secondary lining, and is forever that once supporting is underground every placing
Among the water, and once supporting does not have water-proof function, reinforcing bar wherein, steel mesh reinforcement, and steel
Muscle barrier, shaped steel etc. are with progressively corrosion ..., the once supporting structure will all disappear, and this is
The big hidden danger that composite lining exists.
Once supporting durability existing problems in the composite lining are resisting sudden lotus to be equipped with feelings from now on
Under the condition, secondary lining is difficult to bear the load that composite lining is estimated.
(3) summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is at the existing problem of existing construction technology, propose the job practices of a cover science, use high-performance, the anti-drain assembly of high-quality to solve the prior art existing problems substantially.
Underground construction causes the characteristics that the seepage field rule of water in the underground space periphery certain limit changes:
In the stratum (containing rock mass and soil layer), before the excavation, the seepage flow of water is not clocklike.
When building the underground space, form the space periphery in facing empty peripheral certain depth scope, water former
The complete multilated of percolation law is arranged.
Underground water under the effect of gravitational field, from high to lower always, walk recently, the minimum passage of resistance
Therefore seepage flow usually be that most seepage flow all select nearest underground space periphery free face to flow out.
Cause phreatic many places seepage to underground construction, worsen the environment for use of the underground space.
Seepage flow at above water changes characteristics, and the present invention adopts following technical conceive:
With multiple high-performance, the anti-row of high-quality assembly, material;
Ingenious compound with the underground engineering support structure;
Form comprehensive control measures anti-, that arrange, cut, block up;
Accomplish to temper toughness with gentleness, multiple defence line, it is disorderly to make the underground space face in the empty peripheral certain depth
Seepage field, be adjusted into passage not only in order but also unimpeded artificial seepage field.
Artificial seepage field is not accumulated in the formation of the supporting and protection structure outside, is flow to side wall certainly from the arch supporting outside
The supporting outside drains into the foundation gutter again, and last oil pump is discharged outside the hole.
More than in the whole process, the anti-drainage system of channels and collaterals guarantees that not only whole underground water do not see through underground knot
Conformational space periphery free face and seepage.And to greatest extent inner control underground water not to underground structure
The effect of effective not only waterproof but also damp proof insulation is played in evaporation in the space.
Underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure mainly is made up of arch structure and sidewall structure two parts.Its combination sketch sees (Fig. 1) for details.
Arch channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure is the setting of the anti-drain assembly of arch channels and collaterals:
Along arch lateral arrangement miniature flexible water-permeable pipe group 3,5 every group side by side, and caliber is by the arch
The groundwater run off decision, in-middle spacing (root in the middle of root is organized to the neighbour in the middle of every group) 500mm,
Constitute the arcuation line style " warp " of arch.
Be close to arch country rock excavation free face 1
1Lay two cloth-film composite earthwork assembly, two cloth promptly from
Double-deck terylene needle punched non-woven fabrics, a film is the polythene PE film, the upper strata terylen pin in two cloth
Prick nonwoven cloth 2 and lower floor's terylene needle punched non-woven fabrics 4
1Middle folder miniature flexible water-permeable pipe group 3,
Film is thick, the high and low density polyethylene PE of a 1.0～1.5mm film 5
1This pair cloth one mould structure
Become the arcuation face type " network " of arch.Two cloth one film composite earthwork assemblies 2,4
1, 5
1Can form
Independent commodity also are beneficial to constructing operation.
Side wall channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure, the i.e. setting of the anti-drain assembly of side wall channels and collaterals:
Along side wall country rock excavation free face 1
2Vertical direction placement of flexible water-permeable pipe 12 is according to arranging from the arch
The water yield that goes out adopts Φ 50～150 calibers, tube pitch 500mm, the linearity line of formation side wall
Type " warp ".
Be close to flexible water-permeable pipe 12 and lay a cloth one film geotechnique assembly, a cloth is the acupuncture of individual layer terylen not to be had
Spin cloth 4
2, a mould is thick, the high and low density polyethylene PE of a 1.0-1.5 film 5
2, the formation side wall
Tabular face type " network ".One cloth, one membrane module can form independent commodity too.Convenient construction.Being connected of line style warp in arch and the side wall channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure
Arch arcuation line style " warp " water-permeable pipe 3 exists with linearity line style " warp " water-permeable pipe 12 of side wall
The springing line place on arch springing and wall top joins.
By arrange along the vertical springing line direction of level, work the flexibility of compiling, cushion the effect of accent Ji
Water-permeable pipe 13 (diameter determined by groundwater run off size, but the diameter of water-permeable pipe 13 necessary＞permeable
Pipe 12) the side wall water-permeable pipe is finished arch and side wall line style " warp " with permeable tee piece 14 inserted modes
Connection.See (Fig. 2).The vertical line style of side wall " warp " is connected with side wall pin gutter:
The flexible water-permeable pipe 12 of longitudinal pitch 500mm is directly in the foundation gutter, inserting side, with card
Ring is fixed on the steel concrete top board of gutter.
Water-permeable pipe 12 passes the length surplus that should stretch out 50mm behind the top board of gutter.The gutter top board should
Be shaped on the removable cover plate in advance, spacing 2000 is so that foreign material, silt in the ditch are cleared up in periodic maintenance.The fixing and be connected of arch and side wall channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure arcuation and tabular face type network
The nonwoven 2 of arch, nonwoven 4
1And the nonwoven 4 of side wall
2, with country rock excavation free face
1
1, free face 1
2Fixing like this: when country rock is soil layer or soft stratum, nonwoven 2, nothing
Spin cloth 4
1With nonwoven 4
2With the plastics expand tube of punchinging down, be provided with and the PE circle of PE film with material
Shape pad sheet, fastening with flat head screw, make the nonwoven firm fixation at free face 1
1, free face
1
2On, use the electric heating conduction pattern again, with special pressure-welding head, with PE film 5
1, PE film 5
2Heat
Close and be fixed on the PE circular pad liner, at PE film 5
1With PE film 5
2Last realization does not have the nail hole and connects.
When country rock is rock, then directly adopt to have the special-purpose gum deposit film that pastes with nonwoven and PE pad sheet
Free face 1 with rock country rock arch and wall
1, 1
2Bonding.Again with PE film 5
1, PE film 5
2Heat seal
Be fixed on the PE pad sheet.
Arcuation is connected with tabular face type network: the nonwoven 4 that mainly is the arch
1, PE film 5
1With side wall
4
2, 5
2The heat seal of same material own connects.
The link position of the PE film of arch and side wall is chosen in 500mm place or following 500mm on the springing line
The place, the line style that staggers is through water-permeable pipe 3 with through water-permeable pipe 12 concourses, and equipment adopts homemade from creeping
Heat-sealing machine is molten to be a pair of weld seam, and middle cavity is used for inflation inspection.Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. channels and collaterals anti-drain function in arch is remarkable:
The PE film has the normal direction waterproof, and nonwoven is furnished with the flat drainage function, and two cloth and PE film constitute planar network, and the underground water of arch is pooled to five arcuation lines in miniature flexible pipe 3, and flows automatically in the flexible water-permeable pipe 13 that the springing line level vertically arranges.
2. the anti-drain function of side wall channels and collaterals is remarkable:
The horizontal water-permeable pipe 13 at wall top and arch springing place compiles and cushions the underground water of arch inflow, and the side wall country rock is close in the underground water importing excavated free face 1
2The vertical flexible water-permeable pipe of arranging 12, a cloth (the terylene needle punched non-woven fabrics 4 in the side wall simultaneously
2) film (polyvinyl chloride PE film 5
2) composite earthwork assembly nonwoven 4
2, nonwoven 5
2, also play and collect side wall underground water, and flow in the vertical flexible water-permeable pipe 12, from flowing in the gutter, foundation place 15, discharge outside the underground construction again by pump.
Structure construction, construction technology and the method for the anti-drainage system of the two-part channels and collaterals of arch wall guarantees that waterproofing course is arranged on the underground engineering support structure outside; both be made in the upstream face of supporting and protection structure; assurance underground water does not produce to be accumulated; and unimpeded the draining by arch wall channels and collaterals system of energy, protection underground engineering support structure is not subjected to phreatic erosion.
3. cement-based penetrant type water proofing grout, waterproof mortar, polyurethane/poly-urine elastic layer prevent that at channels and collaterals the effect in the drainage system is remarkable:
Cement-based penetrant type water proofing grout can stop up whole pores and the crack in the pneumatically placed concrete, the pneumatically placed concrete of no impervious performance is transformed into together rigid waterproofing barrier reliably, intercept underground water and can not pass the pneumatically placed concrete layer, force underground water to anti-drain assembly of channels and collaterals and flexible water-permeable pipe to be drained.
4. the waterproofing mortar effect has three:
Overcome pneumatically placed concrete surface to rough defective, as, the gas of subway train operation can be reduced
Flow resistance;
Convenient spray polyurethane elastic layer 11 increases attractive in appearancely, saves jetting thickness, the reduction cost;
Increase rigid waterproof layer one;
5. spray the effect of 1.0～1.5 thick polyurethane polyureas urine elastic layers:
With being subjected to spray plane fabulous adhesion stress is arranged, 10-30 gets final product film forming second, back side is the fabulous waterproof damp proof insulation function of tool also, wear-resisting again ageing-resistant and good elongation per unit length can be subjected to vibrations in particular cases, after remedying rigid waterproof layer and producing the crack, prevent seepage and damp proof insulation, and tool application effect is really played and is tempered toughness with gentleness, the waterproof damp proof insulation effect of multiple defence line.
(4) description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure arch and side wall combination schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is flexible water-permeable pipe group in arch and the vertical flexible water-permeable pipe connection diagram of side wall;
Fig. 3 is a underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure arch implementing process flow chart;
Fig. 4 is a underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure side wall implementing process flow chart.
(5) specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 3,4 explanation the invention process processes
The implementing procedure of underground construction arch channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure: (rock mass underground construction)
1. be the difference of rock mass, soil layer or soft stratum according to underground engineering wall rock, earlier will to country rock carry out necessary anchor rod anchored, grouting with small pipe and Guan Peng add ductule and to stratum grout injection etc. reinforce temporarily, supporting measure.Purpose provide country rock from steady condition, the protection subsequent job carries out under safety, stable environment;
2. lay the anti-drain assembly in arch:
3. lay steel mesh reinforcement and install reinforcing bar grid;
4. sprayed mortar;
5. smear cement-based penetrant water resistant solution (decide on waterproof requirement, when waterproof requirement is not high, can omit);
6. smear thick waterproof mortar of 10-20 and press polish (when application being arranged and reducing the gas-flow resistance requirement);
7. spray the thick polyurethane of 1.0-1.5/poly-urine elastic layer (when having high waterproof damp proof insulation to be coated with reload request).
To underground construction in underground construction in the soft stratum and the soil layer, its arch implementing process flow process is shown in the flow process of Fig. 3 bottom.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 4 underground construction side wall channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure implementing procedures (flash dike-rock body underground construction) are described:
1. the reinforcing of underground construction side wall country rock and supporting; (, except that general anchor rod anchored, also the large-sized prestress long anchor cable will be set) to high abutment wall
2. lay the anti-drain assembly of side wall;
3. large-scale stress anchor cable and the laying side wall steel mesh reinforcement of giving is installed;
4. sprayed mortar;
5. smear the cement-based penetrant water resistant solution, smear the thick waterproofing mortar of 10-20mm, press polish (has application and subtracts
When few air resistance requires);
6. spray the thick polyurethane of 1.0-1.5mm/poly-urine elastic layer (requiring to decide) according to application and damp proof insulation;
To soft stratum and the anti-draining implementing process flow process of its side wall channels and collaterals of soil layer underground construction such as Fig. 4 bottom stream
Shown in the journey.
Claims (6)
1, underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure comprises arch channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure and side wall channels and collaterals waterproof/drainage structure, it is characterized in that: (1) in the arch along arch lateral arrangement miniature flexible water-permeable pipe group; (2) be close to arch country rock excavation free face and lay two cloth one film composite earthwork assemblies, and above-mentioned water-permeable pipe group is sandwiched in two cloth structures; (3) along side wall country rock excavation free face vertical direction placement of flexible water-permeable pipe and be close to water-permeable pipe and lay a cloth one film geotechnique assembly.
2, underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof construction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the flexible water-permeable pipe group in described arch be 5 every group arranged side by side and every group in the middle of root with face in the middle of the group in the root that spacing is 500mm in one.
3, underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that two cloth one film composite earthwork assembly of described arch, two cloth are two-layer terylene needle punched non-woven fabrics up and down, and a film is high low density polyethylene (LDPE) PE film.
4, underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that spacing is 500mm between the flexible water-permeable pipe pipe of side wall.
5, underground construction channels and collaterals waterproof construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that a cloth one film geotechnique assembly one cloth of side wall is individual layer terylene needle punched non-woven fabrics, and a film is the poly-PE film dimly of high low-density.
6, the anti-drainage and construction method of underground construction channels and collaterals is characterized in that the arch structure is by following flow implementation: the reinforcing and the supporting of (1) country rock; (2) lay the anti-drain assembly in arch; (3) lay steel mesh reinforcement and install reinforcing bar grid; (4) sprayed mortar; (5) smear the cement-based penetrant water resistant solution; (6) smear waterproof mortar and press polish (when application and minimizing gas-flow resistance requirement are arranged) (7) spraying polyurethane/poly-urine elastic layer (requiring to decide) sidewall structure and press following implementing procedure: the reinforcing and the supporting of (1) country rock according to application and damp proof insulation; (2) the cloth drain assembly of setting up defences; (3) large-scale stress anchor cable and the laying side wall steel mesh reinforcement of giving is installed; (4) sprayed mortar, (5) are smeared cement permeability water resistant solution and press polish (when application being arranged and reducing the air resistance requirement) (6) spray polyurethane/poly-urine elastic layer (requiring to decide according to application and damp proof insulation)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB02117721XA CN1139718C (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Channels and collaterals type water-proof drainage structure for underground engineering and its construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB02117721XA CN1139718C (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Channels and collaterals type water-proof drainage structure for underground engineering and its construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1376851A true CN1376851A (en) | 2002-10-30 |
| CN1139718C CN1139718C (en) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=4744499
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB02117721XA Expired - Fee Related CN1139718C (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Channels and collaterals type water-proof drainage structure for underground engineering and its construction method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102704954A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 陈继宇 | Construction method for waterproof system of tunnel |
| CN102979535A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-03-20 | 西南交通大学 | Drain-type pipe piece for tunnel lining |
| CN103089301A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Grouting reinforcement construction process capable of realizing draining and plugging combined effect for underground water in vertical shaft |
| CN103089280A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Grouting water sealing and reinforcement construction process capable of realizing draining and plugging combined effect for underground water in tunnel |
| CN103437789A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-12-11 | 北京市轨道交通设计研究院有限公司 | Method for constructing water proof structure and constructing underground construction in water proof mode |
| CN114352308A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-15 | 中化学交通建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel entrance to a cave section is prevented drainage and reinforced structure |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1082594C (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 2002-04-10 | 张忠雄 | Guiding water earthquake-resistant water-proof compound wall construction method |
| CN1342815A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-04-03 | 金怀娄 | Method for lowering water level in foundation pit of building engineering |
-
2002
- 2002-05-14 CN CNB02117721XA patent/CN1139718C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103089301A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Grouting reinforcement construction process capable of realizing draining and plugging combined effect for underground water in vertical shaft |
| CN103089280A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-08 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Grouting water sealing and reinforcement construction process capable of realizing draining and plugging combined effect for underground water in tunnel |
| CN103089301B (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2015-02-04 | 北京市政建设集团有限责任公司 | Grouting reinforcement construction process capable of realizing draining and plugging combined effect for underground water in vertical shaft |
| CN102704954A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 陈继宇 | Construction method for waterproof system of tunnel |
| CN102704954B (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-12-09 | 陈继宇 | A kind of construction method of tunnel waterproof system |
| CN102979535A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-03-20 | 西南交通大学 | Drain-type pipe piece for tunnel lining |
| CN102979535B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-12-02 | 西南交通大学 | Draining type section of jurisdiction is used in a kind of tunnel lining |
| CN103437789A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-12-11 | 北京市轨道交通设计研究院有限公司 | Method for constructing water proof structure and constructing underground construction in water proof mode |
| CN114352308A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-15 | 中化学交通建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel entrance to a cave section is prevented drainage and reinforced structure |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1139718C (en) | 2004-02-25 |
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