CN1376523A - Rotary magnetic field driven auxiliary circulating equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A circulating aid driven by rotational magnetic field for heart is composed of pump and driver. Said pump consists of pump body, inlet tube, outlet tube, flap membrane and permanent-magnet blade wheel. Said driver is a rotational magnetic field generator. Said rotational magentic field can directly or indirectly drive the permanent-magnet blade wheel in pump body to circulate the blood.

Description

New rotating excitation field drives auxiliary circulating equipment

The invention belongs to biomedical engineering field, relate to a class in blood circulation with the miniature donkey pump of the vane type of serial or parallel connection and lobe pump association (pump of band valve), with the auxiliary circulating equipment of the wireless driving of long-range rotating excitation field.This device can be used for the heart failure patient left side heart or right heart assist circulation, and the short-term that is used for that has is assisted, and the longer-term that is applied to that has is assisted.

The heart disease sickness rate is higher, and the heart disease of various ways finally all can cause the depletion of patient's heart pumping function, can not keep human body normal blood circulation dynamics effectively, finally causes death.

The research and development of heart assistance circulation and use donkey pump thereof has the history of decades, has successively developed membrane pump, centrifugal pump, axial-flow pump etc., is applied to cardiac operation under direct vision, the low heart row of postoperative, the transitional assist circulation of heart transplantation etc.In recent years, along with going deep into of people research, confirmed that donkey pump is a kind of feasible, medical auxiliary apparatus that application prospect is very broad.Latter stage at end, patients with heart failure not only can short-term earn a bare living the possibility that damaged myocardium is lapsed to and recover by the mechanical assistance circulation.Successful Application in clinic trial excites people to update householder method and donkey pump, has formed the research focus at present.Its purpose is to pursue and solves permanence donkey pump and economic and practical donkey pump, to keep patient's existence, helps the recovery of patient's postoperative cardiac function.

Existing auxiliary device differs greatly apart from the requirement of this target, has obvious weak point, and it is its technical scheme no matter be any form at all, all is not separated from power source and the acting part design philosophy at this traditional pump of one.Electric energy will be introduced directly in the body, therefore causes the accessory that implants many, and needs through skin electric power or pneumatic energy to be inputed to pump, and this has just brought the surface area of pump big, and operation wound is serious.Drive and the control device complexity, postoperative daily management difficulty is big, and incidence rates such as infection, thrombosis are very high.Though in the existing micropump implantable, some technical barriers that it faced as the problem that usefulness after electric energy transmitting management, electric efficiency problem, the long-term operation reduces, are insoluble under current technical conditions.At present in order to adapt to the strict demand of human body to pump volume and performance, pole tip end, extremely complicated Technology have been adopted, this has just caused the high manufacturing cost of donkey pump, makes it can't make vast patient bear it economically, thereby has also limited its application clinically.

For overcoming the shortcoming of prior art, the present inventor served as that the external rotating excitation field of topic application drives intracardiac type tandem micropump or lobe pump association with " method of ventricle assist circulation and device thereof " once.Can solve wireless transmission and control.

The objective of the invention is: intention and design are a series of with the long-range driving series, parallel of rotating excitation field and insertion type donkey pump or lobe pump association.1, the external rotating excitation field driving device of a kind of new-type assist circulation of creative design contains or does not contain middle force transmission mechanism in the body.Can adopt the delivery type rotating excitation field, both external magneto or the electromagnetic type rotating magnetic field generator of adopting adopts the magneto formula rotating excitation field mechanism that delivers in relays in the body, can increase effective drivings apart from dwindling the permanent magnet volume, alleviates magnetic interference.2, a kind of new-type intracardiac type lobe pump of creative design association with the lobe pump association of band drainage pipe, implants aortic root and lobe hole joint portion and strides the valve position, can keep natural heart valve, is easy to implant, and is easy to take out.3, the parallel donkey pump in the novel band drainage pipe of creative design, outflow tube road or lobe pump association, inject aorta through left ventricle (left atrium) drain, or from right ventricle (right atrium) drain injection pulmonary artery, or through getting involved drainage tube to the left ventricle drain near the large artery trunks of skin, get involved aorta or large artery trunks by outflow tube, donkey pump places the heart outer or external, forms in parallel auxiliary.4, the long-range magnetic of creative design insertion type drives miniature donkey pump or lobe pump association and interposing catheter, gets involved left ventricle (right ventricle) through the large artery trunks near skin, by placing external driver drives donkey pump that blood is gone into aorta (pulmonary artery) from ventricular pump.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals.Package unit comprises driver, pump two parts composition, and driver comprises energy part, rotating excitation field generating mechanism, physiological data acquisition processing device, middle force transmission mechanism.Driving distance allows (not far) can save middle force transmission mechanism.The rotating excitation field generating mechanism is a device that can produce rotating excitation field, and it can be one group of solenoid, or the permanent magnet by the motor-driven rotation with a fixed structure, and its effect is the energy that produces rotating excitation field.Middle force transmission mechanism is the hermetic container of being made by biocompatible materials (rustless steel, pottery, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, plastics etc.) and is sealed in can constitute around the permanent magnet that dead axle rotates wherein.Drainage tube, outflow tube that pump is made by biocompatible materials (medical alloy, macromolecular material, medical textile, biomaterial etc.) are made of biocompatible materials (medical alloy, pottery, RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, the plastics etc.) pump housing of making and the valve of being made by biomaterial or macromolecular material.The pump housing comprise the pump case that plays the support structure effect and in stud with the impeller of permanent magnet, this impeller can be the impeller of axial-flow type, it also can be centrifugal impeller, when driver produces rotating excitation field, because of polar interaction, permanent magnet in the middle force transmission mechanism can rotate thereupon, and the rotating excitation field through transmitting drives the impeller that studs with permanent magnet and rotates with it, and wheel rotation promotes blood and forms circulation.Drainage tube with pump in the use connects (right side) atrium, a left side or a left side (right side) ventricle, outflow tube connects aorta (pulmonary artery), become a sanguimotor passage of the promotion in parallel at cardiac contour with heart, make part blood obtain to finish the circulation energy through this passage, thereby reduce the acting of heart self, make heart obtain to have a rest and obtain and recover.Also pump can be implanted in the cardiovascular,, be implanted to and stride the valve position as keeping the patient when the body valve; As not keeping from the body valve, then pump (can be considered the lobe pump association that has omitted drainage tube and outflow tube) is transplanted on the lobe ring by changing the lobe mode, become to connect with heart-shaped, directly reduce cardiac afterload, reduce to penetrate the blood resistance, increase VE.

When structure of the present invention as a kind of implanted donkey pump, the middle force transmission mechanism of pump and driver is implanted in the body.Pump implantation mode is by mentioned above, and middle force transmission mechanism is implanted on the thoracic wall corresponding with pump housing position, and the rotating excitation field generating mechanism of driver places outside the human body skin the most nearby of external corresponding middle force transmission mechanism position.Intravital pump produces the work done except that the magnetic field energy because of driver, no longer from any type of other energy of external acquisition, has so just solved the difficult problem in the existing apparatus.The requirement of the volume of driver each several part, energy consumption, efficient is greatly relaxed, and outer body need not to consider biocompatibility issues, implements with existing technology, and is much relatively easy.

When structure of the present invention as a kind of short-term donkey pump, pump and driver can be combined, force transmission mechanism in the middle of omitting all is placed on beyond the human body, only connects heart by pipeline and assists.Pump can be used as disposable medical apparatus and instruments, and driver can be repeatedly used.Structure of the present invention can be combined into one pump and driver, with the implantation and the taking-up operation of convenient implantation or insertion type short-term donkey pump.

The typical arrangement of magnet such as the accompanying drawing of the generation rotating excitation field driving effect of this device:

Fig. 1 is to be the magnet arrangement and the magnetic field transfer principle sketch map of the permanent magnet driving of example with the magneto, and wherein 1-1 is the outer body of driver, and 1-2 is a force transmission mechanism in the middle of the driver, and 1-3 is an impeller of pump.1-1-1 is the magnet on the rotating excitation field generating mechanism, and 1-1-2 is the motor that magnet is rotated, and 1-1-3 is a driving governor.1-2-1 is middle force transmission mechanism sealing shell, and 1-2-2 is the magnet on the middle force transmission mechanism, and 1-2-3 is a central shaft.1-3-1 is an impeller blade, 1-3-2 is the magnet of inlaying in the impeller, magnet all has magnet radial poles, when three blocks of Magnet have suitable dimensions separately, suitable distance is arranged each other, and when being in same level basically, the rotating excitation field that the rotation of 1-1-1 produces will drive 1-2-2 and rotate, the magnetic field of 1-2-2 will make 1-3-2 rotate, and 1-3-2 rotates 1-3, thereby reach the purpose of transferring power.

Fig. 2 is that the sequence number indication is identical with Fig. 1 among the figure to the magnet arrangement sketch map of the change location of part shown in Fig. 1 relation.1-2-2 is the magnet in the middle force transmission mechanism, and 1-3-2 is the magnet of inlaying in the impeller, and magnet all has magnet radial poles.1-3 is very near in the axial coaxial position distance of 1-2, and relative 1-2-2 is less for the 1-3-2 volume.1-1-1 drives 1-2-2 and rotates, and 1-2-2 drives 1-3-2 again and rotates, and 1-3-2 rotates 1-3.

Shown in magnet can be overall structure, also can be that some little magnetic piece are put together by certain row's prescription formula, 1-1-1 and 1-1-2 can replace with one group of solenoid.

Below with the application of embodiment accompanying drawings technical solution of the present invention:

Fig. 3 is to be the total man worker's lobe-pump association sketch map of example with the bioprosthetic valve, and structure approaches the pump case 3-2 of cylindric band cage by bioprosthetic valve 3-4, impeller 1-3, and suture ring 3-3 constitutes.In the design of this lobe-pump association, should take into full account in pump housing efferent tract area, the lobe ring open area and valve and open back secondary valve orifice area about equally, will lose fluid function otherwise arbitrary link is narrow.Fig. 3 is example with the bioprosthetic valve, and the structure and material of in fact optional any clinical valve is made lobe-pump association, but preferably bioprosthetic valve and ball clack.

The lobe pump association of planting with the displacement of external magnetic field driving lobe ring is an example explanation assist circulation principle: this lobe-pump association is used for transplanting when the left heart is assisted in left ventricle 3-1 outlet aortic valve lobe ring (excision nature valve), when being subjected to the rotating excitation field sent by 1-1, transmits and during active rotation impeller 1-3 through 1-2, from ventricle 3-1 pump blood in aorta 3-5, can reduce intraventricular pressure, increase stroke volume.Be used for transplanting in valve of pulmonary trunk lobe ring when the right heart is assisted, form the auxiliary of the form of connecting, play assosting effect with ventricle.When impeller was not driven, bioprosthetic valve 3-4 opened and closed as usual, because efferent tract area between pump case and impeller and valve orifice area are about equally, impeller blade has certain angle of inclination, freely rotated by blood flow impact meeting, therefore can not form very big resistance, heart can be put out blood as usual.Freely rotating of impeller can make impeller surface obtain good washing away, and avoids generating thrombosis.So just realized can be intermittently auxiliary, driving device can keep in repair, even damage also not entail dangers to life.By regulating wheel speed scalable auxiliary quantity, change to such an extent that fast more auxiliary quantity is big more, in certain range of speeds, valve also opens and closes as usual, presses cardiac rhythm output ripple stream.Surpass certain rotating speed valve and no longer close, output continues stream.Even cardiac arrest also can earn a bare living in a period of time, make patient obtain rescue time.

Fig. 4 forms auxiliary donkey pump embodiment sketch map in parallel with heart.Structure is by the 4-2 drainage tube, the 4-3 pump, and the 1-3 impeller, the 4-4 outflow tube is formed.Force transmission mechanism 1-2 in the middle of present embodiment can adopt also can save force transmission mechanism if distance is little, directly drives with elementary rotating excitation field.Drainage tube 4-2 was connected to left ventricle 4-1 when the donkey pump of this structure used, and also can be connected to left atrium (not shown), and outflow tube 4-4 is connected to aorta 4-5, and it is auxiliary to constitute the left heart.Be used for the right heart when auxiliary drainage tube be connected to right atrium or right ventricle, outflow tube is connected to pulmonary artery.Pump can be fixed on the thoracic wall, and driver 1-1 places external relevant position.Donkey pump is in when work, and impeller 1-3 is subjected to the driving of 1-1 and 1-2 and rotates, and continual from the atrium or ventricle 4-1 pump blood in tremulous pulse 4-5, flow is controlled at certain limit according to demand, alleviates the heart burden by reducing cardiac preload.Blood flow is to continue stream in the donkey pump of this structure, can place valve 4-6 in outflow tube or drainage tube, valve is opened when donkey pump is worked all the time, in case the stall of breaking down, valve just is subjected to regurgitation volume to promote to close, and the excessive patient's of jeopardizing life prevents to backflow.If the area of passage of pump design is less, the regurgitation volume under the termination of pumping state can tolerate in the short time, also valve can be set.The donkey pump of this structure can be used for implanting auxiliary, it is external auxiliary also to can be used for short-term, external when auxiliary when being used for, only link to each other with heart by pipeline, donkey pump does not enter in the body, under this user mode, only need rotating magnetic field generator and pump are combined by optimum distance, can omit the middle force transmission mechanism of driver.

Fig. 4 A is that rotating excitation field drives the external donkey pump example structure of insertion type in parallel sketch map, present embodiment can place the pump housing external, only drain conduit and get involved blood vessel in the body, driver can adopt long-range electromagnetism or magneto rotating magnetic field generator, also can adopt the motor stator winding sleeve to drive (summary).4A-1 pump case among the figure, 4A-2 impeller (the pump fine structure is ignored), the 4A-3 drainage catheter, 4A-4 goes out conduit, 4A-5 ventricle, 4A-6 aorta, 4A-7 valve, 4A-8 left subclavian artery, 4A-9 large artery trunks.This insertion type donkey pump is only got involved ventricle and large artery trunks (intervention can select to be fit to approach arbitrarily) by conduit, and micropump places external.The blood of suction ventricle 4A-5 pumps into large artery trunks 4A-9 or aorta through drainage tube 4A-3, pump housing 4A-1, outflow tube 4A-4 when impeller of pump 4A-2 is driven in rotation.Blood is in the auxiliary circulation down of pump, and valve is operate as normal still, backflows when preventing termination of pumping and can adopt lobe pump association to replace pure sickle pump.

Fig. 5 is the example structure sketch map of micropump in the cardiovascular.The present embodiment micropump adopts Fig. 2 magnet arrangement mode to drive.5-1 is a ventricle among the figure, and 1-2 is middle force transmission mechanism magnet, and 5-3 pump case, 1-3 are impellers, and 5-5 is a fixed axis, and 5-2 is a drainage tube, and 5-4 is an antilift wire.Present embodiment is for ease of operation process, and the middle force transmission mechanism 1-2 and the pump of driver is combined as a whole.The seal casinghousing of pump case 5-3 and middle force transmission mechanism 1-2 is made one, has plurality of windows in the middle of the pump case and makes runner.During use, by operation pump is implanted intra-arterial, drainage tube 5-2 passes valve 5-7 and enters ventricle, and antilift wire 5-4 is fixed in tremulous pulse 5-6 blood vessel wall, forms to stride the auxiliary of valve position.Force transmission mechanism 1-2 rotated in the middle of driver outer body 1-1 drove and to be, 1-2 drives the 1-3 rotation again, through drainage tube 5-2 suction ventricle 5-1 inner blood, pumped into tremulous pulse 5-6 through the runner that goes out of pump case 5-3, and during donkey pump work, valve can open and close as usual.This donkey pump is output as to continue to flow by reducing the ventricle preload and alleviates the heart burden, and cardiac function is recovered.The implantation of can directly performing the operation of the donkey pump of this structure can also be made the interposing catheter donkey pump as the pump head of interposing catheter, implants by the intervene operation percutaneous, can implant under the situation of heart beating and take out.

Fig. 5 A is a micropump insertion type example structure sketch map in the cardiovascular, and present embodiment can increase pump inner magnet volume, and there is not the counteracting factor in magnetic field, and force transmission mechanism in the middle of external rotating magnetic field generator can save only adopts elementary generator 1-1 to drive.5A-1 ventricle among the figure, the 5A-2 pump case, the 5A-3 impeller, the 5A-4 bearing, the 5A-5 magnet, 5A-6 supports, and 5A-7 goes out head piece, the 5A-8 drainage pipe, 5A-9 gets involved control lead, 5A-10 nature valve, 5A-11 aorta.Interior micropump of this insertion type cardiovascular and pipeline and interposing catheter are striden valve by the percutaneous intervene operation from carotid artery intervention aorta and are reached left ventricle (intervention can select to be fit to approach arbitrarily), drainage tube strides across valve, the mouth of pipe is in the left ventricle, micropump is in ascending aorta, when external rotating excitation field is worked, drives impeller 5A-3 rotation, suction left ventricle blood goes out head piece from 5A-7 and is ejected into aorta, aid blood circulation, during donkey pump work, valve can open and close with heart contraction, diastole as usual.

Fig. 6 is that the lobe-pump association of band pipeline implants aorta position embodiment sketch map.(A) is the full device sketch map among the figure.6A-1 is a left ventricle among the figure, and 6A-2 is an aortic valve, and 6A-3 is an aortic sinus, and 6A-4 is a suture ring, and 6A-5 is an aorta, and 6A-6 is a drainage tube, and 6A-7 is a pump case, and 6A-8 is an impeller, and 6A-9 is a bioprosthetic valve, and 6A-10 is the suture ring gap.(B) is lobe-pump association top view among the figure.6B-1 is a bioprosthetic valve lobe leaf among the figure, and 6B-2 is the suture ring gap, and 6B-3 is a suture ring.Present embodiment is applicable to longer the assisting when patient self valve is intact.Implant in the aorta by operation during use, drainage tube 6A-6 is striden across valve 6A-2 stretch into left ventricle 6A-1, the pump housing is partly stayed in the aortic sinus 6A-3, and suture ring is sewn onto on the blood vessel wall more than the hole pipe ridge.The suture ring 6A-4 of present embodiment makes the shape of band runner 6B-3, forms flow channels between nature valve and lobe pump association.The form of suture ring 6B-3 can be a complete annulus as shown in FIG., also can be plurality of sections part annulus (not shown).Guarantee in the design that suture ring gap 6B-2 has certain area, just can realize the auxiliary overcurrent function and the function of backflowing.Impeller 6A-8 is subjected to the driving of 1-1 rotating excitation field and rotates, and from left ventricle 6A-1 suction blood, enters aorta 6A-5 through bioprosthetic valve 6A-9 by drainage tube 6A-6, and auxiliary quantity is passed through rotational speed regulation.During heart contraction, part blood is arranged simultaneously through valve 6A-2, aortic sinus 6A-3, suture ring runner 6A-10, enter aorta 6A-5, less as auxiliary quantity, when the heart diastole, natural valve and bioprosthetic valve are all closed because of instantaneous backflowing (diastolic pressure is pressed greater than the output of lobe pump), lobe pump output ripple this moment stream, nature lobe 6A-2 and bioprosthetic valve 6A-9 are beaten with heart, and the cycle opens and closes.When auxiliary quantity is bigger, lobe pump output is pressed greater than diastolic pressure, and bioprosthetic valve 6A-9 often opens, and output continues stream.No matter pulsating flow or lasting stream that heart is put out can both guarantee coronary perfusion, and because of preserving the nature valve, after cardiac muscle recovered, nature lobe global function was recovered by the taking-up lobe-pump association that can perform the operation.

Claims (15)

1, the invention belongs to heart assistance circulation device, it is characterized in that using the wireless drives impeller of long-range delivery type rotating excitation field decline type donkey pump or lobe-pump association.This device is made up of driver and pump two parts.Driver comprises energy part, rotating excitation field generating mechanism, physiological data acquisition processing device and contains or do not contain the middle force transmission mechanism that implants.Described pump comprises drainage tube, outflow tube, the pump housing, valve (contain valve and also claim lobe pump association) composition.Pump housing main member has comprised the pump case of support structure effect and the impeller of embedded permanent magnet.Pump can be connected to be implanted in the cardiovascular or by pipeline connection and heart and be formed the auxiliary of relation in parallel.Driver rotation generating mechanism is placed on the position of external corresponding middle force transmission mechanism, and middle force transmission mechanism is to be in same level or coaxial substantially with the position relation of impeller.The magnetic field that driver rotating excitation field generating mechanism produces promotes the wheel rotation of embedded permanent magnet through being implanted to the transmission of intravital middle force transmission mechanism, thereby promotes blood circulation, when the driving distance is not excessive, and force transmission mechanism in the middle of can not containing.

2, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described driver rotating excitation field generating mechanism is the permanent magnet by the motor-driven rotation that one group of solenoid winding constitutes or have a fixed structure.

3, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described driver can comprise middle force transmission mechanism.

4, according to claim 1 and 3 described devices, it is characterized in that described driver put in the middle of the hermetic container made by biocompatible materials of force transmission mechanism and be sealed in can constitute wherein around the permanent magnet that dead axle freely rotates.

5, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described driver contain in the middle of force transmission mechanism or the primary driver that do not contain force transmission mechanism can be combined as a whole at a distance of certain distance with pump.

6, device according to claim 1, its feature constitutes at pump case, impeller, the suture ring of described lobe pump association structure by artificial valve, thin cylindric band cage, implants and strides the valve position.

7, according to claim 1 and 6 described devices, it is characterized in that suture ring can be with runner, be sutured in blood vessel wall, by drainage tube from the ventricle drain.But by suture ring runner overcurrent and backflowing.

8, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described lobe pump association or micropump are used for heart-shaped EV intentionally in parallel when auxiliary, link to each other with atrium or ventricle by drainage tube, link to each other with tremulous pulse by outflow tube, pump can be fixed on the thoracic wall or be suspended from outside the heart.

9,, it is characterized in that described micropump is used for short-term when auxiliary, can be placed on external according to claim 1 and 8 described devices.Described driver rotating magnetic field generator and pump can be combined as a whole force transmission mechanism in the middle of omitting by optimum distance.

10, claim 1 and 8 described devices, the drain and go out conduit of it is characterized in that extending gets involved ventricle and large artery trunks respectively with intervening mode, and pump places external, and drain or outflow tube also can be placed valve (one-way cock).

11, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the micropump impeller is coaxial with middle force transmission mechanism in the described cardiovascular, and middle force transmission mechanism seal casinghousing and pump case are integrated, and open plurality of windows in the middle of the pump case and make runner.Pump is implanted to intra-arterial, and drainage tube enters ventricle, is fixed in blood vessel wall by antilift wire.

12, according to claim 1 and 11 described devices, can be used as pump head, other adds control lead, constitutes the miniature donkey pump of insertion type.

13, a kind of ventricular assist device is characterized in that the miniature donkey pump of described another formula insertion type is made of drainage pipe, Micropump and control lead, and the magnet in this Micropump is not in impeller hub, and magnet is connected by axle with impeller.Set out head piece between magnet and impeller.This pump is got involved from aorta, and drainage tube is striden valve and entered left ventricle, and micropump is positioned at aorta, and receptor external rotation magnetic field generator drives, and suction left ventricle blood is injected aorta.

14, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described micropump and impeller can be axial-flow type or centrifugal.

15, device according to claim 7, the suture ring that it is characterized in that described band runner can be complete annulus, also can be made up of the several portions annulus.

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