CN1120729C - Power aortic valve - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power aortic valve which belongs to a device for combiningan artificial mechanical aortic valve with the left atrium assisted circulation to reach the goal of long-term left atrium anabiosis by a biomedical technology. The power aortic valve of the present invention is composed of a stator and a rotor (a propulsion wheel), wherein a bracket body is arranged in the aorta; the stator is arranged outside the wall of the aorta. The present invention adopts high permeability materials, and uses magnetic induction for transferring motive power which drives an impeller to rotate. In a systole period, the impeller rotates at a high speed, and blood is sucked into the aorta (with the mechanical assistance on the left atrium); in a diastole period, the blood is prevented from back flowing to the left atrium (the aortic valve) by the impeller (which rotates at a low speed) or the slidable rotor. The device of the present invention can be used for the cordis assistance of terminal cordis pathologic change patients for substituting the cardiac transplantation, or can be used for terminal aortic valve pathologic change patient.

Description

Power aortic valve

The invention belongs to a kind of biomedical engineering technology that utilizes combines artificial mechanical's aortic valve to reach the machinery of long-term left heart recovery with left heart assist circulation.

At present, left heart auxiliary device reduces the implant part volume, improves its profile, size is still an important research project.In addition, need in the continual energy supply body during owing to auxiliary device work, under the prior art condition, from the inside and outside environment of body, obtain very difficulty of energy supply for a long time.Therefore, high efficiency Conversion of energy makes full use of the limited inside and outside energy, also is an important consideration aspect of implantable pump.Mainly due to above two kinds of requirements, in the design trend of implanted auxiliary device now, beginning to turn to provides centrifugal the class blood pump, particularly axial-flow pump that continues blood flow.Generally speaking, under equal volume and weight, centrifugal pump (comprising axial-flow pump) can have more high blood flow and energy conversion efficiency.Particularly in recent years, people recognize that progressively body can tolerate non-pulsatile flow in a long time, and therefore, the development of external various centrifugal pumps is subjected to the favor of numerous researcheres more, and will advance the impeller conduit of blood and driving rotor to insert in the aorta.Centrifugal pump liquid flows along the power transmission shaft direction, and power transmission shaft is connected with transferring power by the outer motor drive shaft of bearing and pump case, and power transmission shaft and bearing junction need strict seal to prevent fluid seepage.Therefore, solve the abrasion of blood pump sealing place and the key point that leakage problems is centrifugal blood pump.Following several method is arranged at present:

1) magnet fluid sealing;

2) magnetic force coupled drive, pump case seals fully;

3) magnetic induction transmission.

Various centrifugal pumps are all by advancing wheel, pump case and power motor three parts to form.Power motor is made up of stator and rotor two parts.Rotor and propelling wheel are spiral parts, can lump together when improving design, volume are reduced, compact conformation.As the BioMed pump, by the magnetic induction transferring power, the sealing problem in the time of can solving mechanical transfer power.

In development artificial heart process, the heart that most of device is not only pursued on the function is replaced, and pursues structural replacement, promptly dissects to go up and replaces.But the possibility that makes nature heart restore funcitons (in fact, this probability provide secular resuscitating machine at auxiliary device be to have increased greatly after the meeting) has been got rid of in the heart in dissection displacement fully.Under present pathomechanism situation about also not exclusively understanding to myocardial damage in various whole latter stage, can not ruled it out.Can not get rid of the nature heart can part even fully under the situation of the probability of restore funcitons, adopting the heart of dissecting to replace may be a kind of great loss.

Therefore, development rather than can replace the auxiliary device of heart only on physiological function fully on anatomically significant, will have application prospect widely.But,, when new auxiliary device must be in inserting body, reset spatial accommodation because natural heart still exists.

The shortcoming of implanted centrifugal pump is because input pressure is low, can not adopt the excessive long drainage pipe of resistance.The problem that should consider when therefore, drainage pipe and intubate position etc. all are long-term particularly functional replacement of implantation rather than anatomical replacement.Insert position and intubate for the ease of setting, drainage pipe long and that bore is thinner is inevitable especially.Drain and input channel, the energy expenditure of ginseng centrifugal pump blood flow is very big, can reduce its eliminating amount greatly.Anatomic replacement can be avoided the difficulty of drainage pipe, but as previously mentioned, and removing the nature heart is a kind of great loss.When reversible heart assistance, then unnecessary fully.

The objective of the invention is artificial aortic valve to be combined with left heart assist circulation, make it both have the aortic valve function, have the auxiliary function of left scheming tool again for overcoming the shortcoming of above-mentioned auxiliary device.For the patient of cardiac failure, especially, use this device to utilize the function of heart remnants as far as possible for heart disease at final stage people (as waiting for the metathetical patient of heart), earn a bare living, avoid doing heart transplantation, reduce expensive expense.

Main contents of the present invention are as follows: whole mechanical part mainly 2. by rotor-propelling wheel ◎, 4.-9.) and 3. two parts compositions (Fig. 1,2,3) of stator.Rotor-propelling wheel part, is presented in the aorta lumen 8. by " support " supporting by bearing.Support is by support cage ◎, the lobe skirt 4., the feed liquor conduit 6., 7. support arm waits part to constitute.Support has two groups of supporting arms, and first group is positioned at support cage ◎ and feed liquor conduit continuity place inboard 6., and 7. three support arms are spoke-like, stretch to the center by tube wall, holds up centre bearing 8..8. centre bearing is embedded in permanent magnet (" ■ " locates among the figure).And then the carrying rotor 2.-impeller turning cylinder 9. 1..The second pack support arm is the tail end of support cage ◎, and itself and turning cylinder 1. connecting place have permanent magnet, structure and first group together of effect.7. support arm reaches support cage ◎ and adopts high-strength material to make.1. turning cylinder embeds permanent magnet, and it is identical that 8. polarity and centre bearing reach the second pack support arm polarity.In addition, the nearly centre bearing of support arm place has and rotates aixs cylinder 5., and left chamber side embeds permanent magnet, and its polarity and the centre bearing 8. permanent magnet polarity of aorta side are identical.Like this rotor portion almost " suspension " in support cage.5. the rotation aixs cylinder can prevent the relaxing period turning cylinder, and 1. the chamber sidesway is capable left.6. " divide a word with a hyphen at the end of a line " circular flap skirt that the outer wall of part embeds the macromolecular material braiding 4. with support cage ◎ at the feed liquor conduit, their external diameter and Ad are identical.As the boundary, 6. the feed liquor conduit stretches into ventricular chamber, and support cage ◎ partly stretches into the ascending aorta chamber.2. rotor is to make with the medical material that embeds permanent magnet.Be " water droplet shape ", so that reduce resistance of blood flow.It can be fixed on turning cylinder and 1. go up.2. rotor is slidably reciprocated on 1. at turning cylinder, and this moment is 1. triangular in shape for the turning cylinder that 2. rotor slidably reciprocates, and the part that 7. contacts with support arm is still for circular.3. stator places outside the aorta wall.The operation principle of stator is identical with the principle of common ac motor, and shape is two " semi-barrel shapes ", adopts high permeability material, can reduce the thickness of stator tube as far as possible under the situation that guarantees enough magnetic circuits.So that in the time of around being presented to ascending aorta, unlikely undue extruding surrounding tissue (Fig. 1,6,7).Utilize the magnetic induction transferring power, avoided lead to penetrate tremulous pulse.When inserting, 4. the lobe skirt is sewn to (mechanical prosthetic valve is similar to inserting, and natural aortic valve can cut, and also can keep) on the aortic valvular ring, so just makes rotor-propelling wheel part be implanted to the intracavity of aorta opening securely.The stator wire group links to each other with power supply by external controller.By control stator 3. size of current with control rotor rotating speed.Trigger by ECG R wave, systole is in the line group of stator, when feeding alternating current, with the rotating excitation field that produces along the aorta axle.The magnetic field penetration aorta wall drives 2. high speed rotating of rotor, finishes transmission of power, and 2. feed liquor conduit 6. inner blood is pumped into distal aorta with the gap of aorta wall from left chamber by rotor, plays the auxiliary effect of the left heart.Through several milliseconds delay, change current intensity, in relaxing period, rotor speed descends or stall.If rotor and turning cylinder are fixed, then only need this moment the control stator 3. electric current 9. impeller is slowly run, just can keep certain left ventricle-aorta pressure reduction, prevention blood is gone into left chamber from aortic regurgitation, has played the effect of aortic valve; 2. can slide in the turning cylinder both sides then in systole as rotor, rotor slides to the aorta side, opens left chamber flow pass, relaxing period, and the rotor stall, its chamber side slip left with the 6. aorta side driving fit of feed liquor conduit, is closed the effusive passage in left chamber (Fig. 4,5).Therefore, impeller 9. or rotor 2.-aspect is equivalent to aortic valve, impeller is again the propelling wheel part of blood pump on the other hand.So be referred to as " power aortic valve " (dynamic aortic valve).Whole blood contacting surface carries out surface treatment with the good medical material of blood compatibility.Like this, patient or doctor can be according to patient's the actual state of an illness, and by placing external control part to assign to control the current intensity of stator, the rotating speed that changes rotor plays that the left heart is replaced, the left heart is auxiliary and the effect of aortic valve.Power aortic valve is structurally with on the function to replace the aortic valve of nature with the impeller blade that rotates.This dynamic property lobe can be kept the pressure reduction between aorta-ventricular chamber, prevents blood reflux; On the other hand, can be ventricle blood again and enter aorta power is provided, to reach the auxiliary purpose of long-term left heart load removal.On principle, it has adopted the working mechanism of axial-flow pump, therefore, also can regard a new development of axial-flow pump formula donkey pump as.Consider that from donkey pump this structure does not need long and thin drainage tube and flows out pipeline, thereby has avoided energy expenditure, has reduced resistance of blood flow, and has directly saved the intubate of drain and outlet tube, solved definite intubate position and complicated intubate connection problem.Aspect power resources, the energy that device mainly provides by stator field.Under the situation that myocardial function does not completely lose, myocardial contraction also can be the impeller rotation portion of energy is provided, thereby reduces the requirement of energy to external world.This is that heart is replaced not available advantage completely.The operation method for posting is simple, under the condition that guarantees the enough power of impeller, can reduce the overall dimensions of power lobe as far as possible.It is basic identical that this power lobe method for posting and general " aortic valve " are changed the lobe art, do not need to set up in addition operation method.Relate to the blood pump aspect, this structure has been saved " pump case ", directly utilizes arterial wall to be pump case, has avoided the introducing of a large amount of non-biological material and the blood contacting surface of inanimate.From the angle of valve, can slide in the turning cylinder both sides as rotor, then have the effect of ball clack; Can not survey slip at turning cylinder two as rotor, then rely on impeller Spin Control flow, play the effect of aortic valve.As for range of application, it both can be used as the permanent left heart and had replaced, and it is auxiliary and to transplant the transition period auxiliary to can be used as the secular left heart again.It is inserted process and has avoided damage to myocardium power section, is particularly conducive to the recovery of cardiac muscle.Its profile is easy to adapt to intrathoracic place, does not need the special bigger spatial accommodation that is provided with, and helps practical application.On function, the auxiliary and left heart of the left heart is replaced fully, not have difference in essence, and the side of title is assisted when auxiliary device provides part blood flow power ", and when all providing hemodynamic, promptly become " heart replacement " on the function.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:

1, solves implantation and difficult intubation simultaneously, need not to carry out intubate;

2, volume is little, in light weight, is convenient to implant;

3, energy conversion efficiency height;

4, along with the increase of external world's input energy, following functional status can appear in same device successively:

(1) aortic valve;

(2) the left heart is auxiliary;

(3) functional left heart replacement.

5, have " water droplet shape " rotor of magnetic, can reduce resistance of blood flow, and can further be designed to magnetic suspension rotor (magnetically suspended rotor).

6, can produce pulsatile blood flow,

7, during wheel rotation, axially just the bearing capacity direction with physiological condition hypovalve ring is consistent for the opposition of blood.Therefore can carry and offset this counteracting force fully, solve a difficult problem inserting blood pump dexterously.Therefore, no matter be to be used for permanent heart to replace, or in, long-term reversibility is auxiliary, will not need the taking-up of performing the operation once more after once implanting.Even after natural cardiac function recovers fully, the effect that device still can " arterial valve " stays in the body.And when cardiac function is depleted once more, can reenter secondary status at an easy rate.This device makes " valve " have the active exercise ability again, can improve cardiac performance.

Description of drawings is as follows:

The whole front section view of Fig. 1-power aortic valve.

Wherein: the 0-support cage; The 1-turning cylinder; The 2-rotor; The 3-stator; 4-skirt lobe; 5-rotates aixs cylinder; 6-feed liquor conduit; The 7-support arm; The 8-centre bearing; The 9-impulse impeller

Fig. 2-rotor-impulse impeller top plan view.

Fig. 3-rotor-support arm top plan view.

Fig. 4-systole, rotor slides to the aorta side, opens left chamber flow pass.

Fig. 5-relaxing period, the rotor stall, it slides the chamber left, with the driving fit of feed liquor conduit aorta side, closes left chamber flow pass.

Fig. 6-stator tube top plan view.

Fig. 7-stator tube elevation cross-sectional view.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of power aortic valve is made up of rotor (2), stator (3) and impulse impeller (9), it is characterized in that rotor (2) adopts the medical material that embeds permanent magnet to make " water droplet " shape, is enclosed within on vertical turning cylinder (1) of impulse impeller; Rotor one impulse impeller passes through turning cylinder (1), bearing (8) by bracket supports; Described support comprises the support cage (0) that covers rotor one impulse impeller, around the support cage outside and near the lobe skirt (4) of its opening, around the feed liquor conduit (6) of support cage opening and be arranged at the support arm (7) that the support cage opening is used to support described bearing (8) and turning cylinder (1); Described turning cylinder also is provided with near the bearing end and rotates aixs cylinder (5); Be embedded with permanent magnet in described turning cylinder (1), rotation aixs cylinder (5), support arm (7) and the bearing (8); Stator (3) adopts high permeability material to make two around " semi-barrel shape " of the described support cage outside near its blind end, by the size of current of external controller may command by stator (3), thus the rotating speed of control rotor (2).

2, power aortic valve as claimed in claim 1, the rotor (2) that it is characterized in that being enclosed within on the turning cylinder (1) can be along turning cylinder (1) longitudinal sliding motion, by near or open or close left chamber flow export, the function of the arteries and veins lobe of taking the initiative away from feed liquor conduit (6).

3, power aortic valve as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that rotor one advances wheel when low speed rotation, keeps the blood pressure pressure reduction between ventricle and aorta, realizes the effect of functional aortic valve; When fair speed is rotated, realize left heart miscellaneous function; When high-speed rotation, bring into play functional left heart replacement effect.

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