CN1374529A - Simultaneous in-situ sea water salinity and temperature measuring method and device - Google Patents
Simultaneous in-situ sea water salinity and temperature measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1374529A CN1374529A CN 02117422 CN02117422A CN1374529A CN 1374529 A CN1374529 A CN 1374529A CN 02117422 CN02117422 CN 02117422 CN 02117422 A CN02117422 A CN 02117422A CN 1374529 A CN1374529 A CN 1374529A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing and sea water measuring technology. The in-situ simultaneous sea water salinity and temperature detecting device includes optical source, transmission fiber, power supply, CCD, collimating lens with tail fiber, glass window, measuring water trough, sensor probe comprising temperature sensing reflecting unit and receiving fiber array, image collecting and processing module and computer with software and calibrating data. The temperature sensing reflecting unit incldues absorbing semiconductor chip, right angle prism and heat conducting material. The salinity. measurement is completed by detecting the position change of loight spot in CCD photosensitive surface caused by the refractive index change owing to different salinity; while the temperature is measured by detecting the light strength change in semiconducotr material caused by temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device of measuring seawater salinity, particularly a kind of seawater salinity and temperature be on-line detection method and device simultaneously, belongs to Fibre Optical Sensor and seawater field of measuring technique.
Technical background
The development and utilization of marine resources has been promoted the continuous development of marine technology, and the particularly marine environmental monitoring and the fwaater resources protection of extensive concern both at home and abroad in recent years and utilize problem makes increasing researchist begin to explore detection technique to ocean wave parameter.Salinity and temperature are two important parameters of seawater, as everyone knows, the measurement of salinity, be subjected to Temperature Influence quite serious, it influences situation can weigh by the seawater change of refractive situation relevant with salinity, and have data to show: under temperature-resistant situation, refractive index with the rate of change of salinity is, the every variation 1 ‰ of salinity, variations in refractive index 2 * 10
-4, and about 20 ℃, 1 ℃ of the every variation of temperature, variations in refractive index 1 * 10
-4So when detecting seawater salinity, people normally utilize sampler that seawater is got on the surveying vessel more than the sea, pass through filtration treatment then, with thermometer write down temperature on one side, this salinity testing result constantly write down on one side.Whole process wastes time and energy, and measurement expense is relatively more expensive.
At present, also do not have online detection seawater salinity and method of temperature and device simultaneously in the prior art, and can utilize measured temperature information to realize the report that the salimity measurement error is revised in real time automatically.
Aspect the salinity detection technique, certain methods was proposed both at home and abroad.As domestic Capital Normal University (Min Zijian, Li Jinping, Jiang Shuhua etc.Supercritical ultrasonics technology is measured brine solution concentration.Solar energy journal.1995, Vol.16, No.2:224-228) and Shandong Polytechnic Univ (Dong Jin Chang, Hu Hongwei. measure the solar pond brine concentration with ultrasonic technique.Practical measuring technology.2000, No.5:29) propose respectively with the brine concentration in the ultrasonic technology measurement solar pond and the method for density; Xi'an Communications University (Jin Yuanyue, Chen Zhongqi, Wang Qijie. measure the laser fiber technology of solar pond salinity.Solar energy journal.1994, Vol.15 No.2:198-200) utilizes the multimode plastic optical fiber of a simple U type to pop one's head in, and based on the different principle of the propagation characteristic of light in the different refractivity medium, measures the brine density of solar pond.Above method has just been carried out some experimental studies at the salimity measurement in the solar pond, does not provide the measurement index and the feasibility analysis aspect the seawater salinity measurement of system.The optical fibre measuring method that Xi'an Communications University proposes, system architecture is simple, volume is little, realize online automatic measurement and signal transmission at a distance easily, but, form sediment easily and directly influence measuring reliability at the interface of optical fiber and testing liquid because exposed fiber core directly contacts fluid to be measured.Japanese (Hideyuki Minato, Yoshimi Kakui, AkioNishimoto.Remote refractive index diffractive meter for salinity sensor.IEEETransactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.1989, Vol.38, No.2:608-612) propose to do light source with semiconductor laser, transmit the transmission-type salinity sensor of light signal with optical fiber, realized the telemeasurement of salinity under water.Its weak point is to adopt the transmission-type structure, and probe size is bigger, and the probe segment of this sensor has photoelectric device PSD, causes unsafe factor under water easily; Transmit in the signal process remote, need three conversions of the light-electricity-light-electricity of signal, process is loaded down with trivial details, and introduces error easily; The resolving power of its measurement is lower.
More than research does not all have possibility to provide temperature parameter in the test process simultaneously, and exactly this parameter is the most important parameters that directly influences salimity measurement.The academic organization prescribed of international ocean, the measurement result of salinity must provide the temperature when obtaining the salinity value simultaneously, and such salinity numerical value is only significant.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to not only for the weak point that overcomes prior art, alleviate sampling process loaded down with trivial details in traditional salimity measurement, realize the robotization that salinity detects, can also realize the online detection of high precision of ocean temperature and salinity while concurrent by same set of device.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of seawater salinity and temperature be on-line measuring device simultaneously, comprise light source, Transmission Fibers, sensor unit, data processing and computing machine display unit and the power supply of powering to system, it is characterized in that: described sensor unit comprises the collimation lens of magnetic tape trailer fibre, the glass forms of band dip plane, measure tank, temperature-sensitive reflector element and reception fiber array, this reception fiber array is connected with the CCD photo-detector, be connected with the computing machine that software processes program and nominal data are housed with processing module by image acquisition, described temperature-sensitive reflector element comprises that semiconductor absorbs wafer, right-angle prism, Heat Conduction Material, described measurement tank and temperature-sensitive reflector element separate with glass plate.
Light source of the present invention is that centre wavelength is the light emitting diode that 880nm, spectral half-width are at least 90nm.
Described semiconductor absorbs wafer can adopt the gallium arsenide thin slice; Heat Conduction Material can adopt the boron nitride material of high thermal conductivity coefficient.
Feature of the present invention is that also the glass forms of described band dip plane are the inner glass forms that fill distilled water; The pitch angle of the dip plane of described glass forms is 30 °～60 °.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring method that adopts described on-line measuring device, and this method comprises the steps:
(1) the temperature detection characteristic of pick-up unit is demarcated: provide one from temperature field, 0～50 ℃ of variable waters, the standard thermometer that sensor probe and precision is at least 0.1 ℃ is put into the temperature field simultaneously, remains on the same position; The reading value (as the reference benchmark) and the pick-up unit reading value of while recording thermometer, and repeated multiple times carries out said process, and measurement data is analyzed and handled with the computing machine that has software program, sets up the nominal data table, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(2) salinity of pick-up unit under different temperatures being detected characteristic demarcates: the number percent of various compositions in according to seawater, under a certain specified temp, make artificial seawater with different salinity value with distilled water, with its salinity value as the reference benchmark, and corresponding measurement result is measured and write down to the artificial seawater of different salinity value with pick-up unit, carry out repeatedly repeatedly, each multi-group data of gathering, set up the nominal data table, change temperature value, repeat said process, can set up the database file of the salinity detection characteristic under the different temperatures, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(3) salinity to device detects temperature variant characteristic and demarcates: to artificial seawater with a certain specific salinity temperature from low to high the variation characteristic of the salinity testing result in the change procedure demarcate, variation of temperature is detected by above-mentioned standard thermometer, write down the situation of change of salinity testing result simultaneously, change the salinity value, repeat said process, can set up the database of drift situation of change of the salinity value of seawater in temperature changing process of different salinity, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(4) finish after the above calibration process, sensor probe is placed the seawater that will detect, utilize nominal data and computer data handling procedure, compare and revise according to measured temperature and salinity value and nominal data, obtain the seawater salinity value under the same temperature, carry out result's demonstration by computing machine, thereby finish the online detection of seawater salinity and temperature.
The present invention has following characteristics:
(1) the realization seawater salinity of concurrent and the on-line measurement of temperature biparameter simultaneously;
(2) signal transmission attenuation is low, and is undistorted, is fit to telemeasurement;
(3) probe segment of system adopts full optical texture, and security is good;
(4) adopted comprehensive compensation technique, antijamming capability is strong, measurement stability good, highly sensitive; Its temperature measurement range is 0～50 ℃, and the measurement range of salinity is 0～48 ‰, and the temperature survey resolving power can reach 0.1 ℃, and the salimity measurement resolving power can arrive 0.01 ‰.
(5) simplicity of design, compact mechanical structure, volume is little, and installation is easy to carry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction and the measuring principle synoptic diagram of measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the measuring principle synoptic diagram of apparatus of the present invention embodiment Sensor section.
Fig. 3 is the optical principle synoptic diagram of light ray propagation path in the salimity measurement and refraction situation.
Fig. 4 is the temperature and the different wave length receiving light power situation of change synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 detects characteristic calibration process process flow diagram for the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the measurement data acquisition and the process software process flow diagram of embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Seawater salinity that the present invention proposes and temperature be online test method and device simultaneously, and the structure to its measuring principle and measurement mechanism further is illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction and the measuring principle synoptic diagram of device.During system works, at first opening power 10, start computing machine 21, have the light beam that the led light source 11 than the magnetic tape trailer fibre of wide spectral range sends and send to sensor probe by optical fiber cable and the collimating apparatus 12 (being fixed on the sensor frame) with low-loss, low noise and seawater corrosion resistance, the joints of optical fibre by standard between optical fiber and the collimating apparatus are connected; It is the light emitting diode that 880nm, spectral half-width are at least 90nm that light source adopts centre wavelength.Light is earlier after the glass forms 13 (being fixed on the sensor frame) of band dip plane and measurement tank 14, semiconductor absorbs wafer 15 and adopts gallium arsenide (being bonded on the right-angle prism face), by right-angle prism 16 reflections, launch light and had by the information after salinity and the temperature modulation this moment, at last, receive the intensity variation signal lossless consumption that fiber array 18 will be loaded with light skew (facula position on the receiver photosurface changes) signal of salinity information and be loaded with temperature information, be sent to photo-detector (CCD) 19 undistortedly, carry out pre-service by image acquisition and 20 pairs of light signals of processing module, realize data presentation by the computing machine 21 that software processes program and nominal data are housed.Sensor probe mainly can be divided into two parts, and a part is that the tank 14 of seawater to be measured and the glass forms 13 of band dip plane are housed, and enters after the seawater to be measured filtration by screen pack and adsorption film etc. in the peripheral measurement tank 14; The distilled water of also can packing in the glass forms 13 of band dip plane, the pitch angle of its dip plane is 30 °～60 °, is used for the influence of compensate for temperature drift to salimity measurement; Another part is called as the temperature-sensitive reflector element, wherein semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) crystal microchip 15 (0.1mm) are used to realize the impression to temperature, be close to a right-angle prism 16 in its lower section and be used to change optical path direction, be boron nitride material 17 on every side, also can adopt the Heat Conduction Material of other high thermal conductivity coefficient with high thermal conductivity coefficient.These two parts are isolated with a glass plate 22, and the temperature-sensitive reflector element is encapsulated, and are subjected to the influence to the semiconductor material spectral absorption characteristics of marine denudation and pressure for a long time to prevent sensitive material.
The measurement of salinity is based on the variation that detects the light refraction angle that almost is directly proportional with salinity and causes that facula position on the detector photosurface changes and realize.Embodiments of the invention adopt line array CCD (Basler L103-1k) 19 impressions with high resolution because the refraction angle changes the side-play amount that causes light, and its pixel number is 2048, and spectral response range is at 0.4～1.1 μ m.Before actual measurement, use by urnormal to become the artificial seawater of the known salinity value of assignment system that pick-up unit is carried out the demarcation that salinity detects characteristic, then nominal data is existed in the computing machine; During actual measurement, the facula position relevant with salinity that computing machine records CCD by the method for tabling look-up changes pairing salinity value and is presented on the computer screen.
Fig. 2 has provided the measuring principle of Sensor section, and Fig. 3 has provided light ray propagation path and refraction situation in the salimity measurement.Incident beam is n with vertical direction incident by refractive index
0Incide the slanted glass plate with the α angle behind the reference fluids, enter the testing liquid that refractive index is n after the refraction, enter division board 22, semiconductor wafer 15 and reflecting prism 16 more successively.
In geometrical optics ray trajectory shown in Figure 3, represent the light side-play amount when test solution is seawater (real light) and distilled water (vignette line) respectively that CCD is measured with d.According to diagram geometric relationship and light refraction law, have
With
In the formula, t is the thickness of slanted glass plate, s
1Light path when entering fluid to be measured for the first time for light, s
3Light path when returning fluid to be measured for the second time for light, s
2Total optical path when being light through the positive revesal of insulating glass, semiconductor material and right-angle prism.We can see from formula (2), work as parameter alpha, n
0, t and n
gAfter selected, θ and δ are exactly the value of fixing, d like this
2And d
3Also be definite value, obtain formula (2) substitution formula (1) the light side-play amount and be this moment
Wherein, d
0=d
2-d
3Because the semiconductor GaAs material (is approximately n greatly to the refractive index ratio of the light of wavelength in 0.78 μ m～8.0 mu m ranges
5=3.34), and the GaAs crystal is relatively very thin again, so the light side-play amount that causes at the interface at semiconductor GaAs wafer and glass plate is very little, ignores here.And this small side-play amount can be revised in calibration process and be eliminated the final influence of measurement result as systematic error.
Temperature survey is based on the principle that semiconductor GaAs crystal spectrum absorption changes with temperature, realizes according to the variation of the detected light intensity of CCD.Pure gallium arsenide presents transparent nature to infrared light, then is opaque to visible light; When normal temperature and pressure, the critical boundary values of its light absorption is 867nm.The emission spectrum of the light source that sensor uses should contain two critical optical wavelength of absorption of the corresponding dut temperature bound of lid.Like this, the position of this absorption edge that is caused by temperature variation is moved and will be modulated the luminous energy that is in absorption band inside, promptly means the change of receiving end light intensity.Before actual measurement, available platinum-resistance thermometer is demarcated the temperature detection characteristic, then nominal data is existed in the computing machine; During actual measurement, computing machine is presented on the computer screen by the method for tabling look-up light intensity situation of change that CCD is recorded and temperature correlation.Fig. 4 is the light of different wave length in temperature changing process, receiving end light intensity situation of change.
Like this, system can realize the detection of salinity and temperature in the same measurement point of synchronization, be recorded in the salinity value under the different different temperatures constantly, relation according to salinity and temperature, by being stored in the nominal data table in the computing machine in advance, the salimity measurement value is carried out real-time correction, the salinity uniform data is converted to numerical value under the standard temperature, improved comparability and the validity measured.The temperature measurement range of device is 0～50 ℃, and the measurement range of salinity is 0～48 ‰, and the temperature survey resolving power is estimated to reach 0.1 ℃, and the salimity measurement resolving power can arrive 0.01 ‰.
Fig. 5 detects characteristic calibration process process flow diagram for apparatus of the present invention.At first computer system is read in standard value (reference data or the theoretical true value that calculates), writes down the detection output result of corresponding each the standard value of reading in of this device then; Carry out said process repeatedly, the whole calibration process in finishing full scale; With least-squares algorithm fitting calibrating data, and calculate error of fitting,, then deposit the nominal data after the match in computing machine, for future use if error of fitting satisfies the requirement of measuring accuracy; If error of fitting does not satisfy the requirement of measuring accuracy, need redefine fitting parameter, calculate error of fitting again, know and satisfy till the accuracy requirement of measuring.
Fig. 6 is measurement data acquisition and process software process flow diagram.At first the Device Testing contact unit is placed tested seawater, gather measurement data, on probe unit (CCD) photosurface of signal, obtain respectively with the light intensity signal of temperature correlation and with salinity relevant light spot position signal, through after the pre-service of signal, according to set nominal data table, try to achieve measured temperature value and salinity value by the method for tabling look-up, and temperature value is shown and record; If dut temperature is not standard temperature (20 ℃), also need to revise to the testing result of salinity, converse salinity value under the standard temperature by salinity with the drift delta data table of temperature, so that follow-up analysis and synthesis comparison to measurement result.
Claims (7)
1. seawater salinity and temperature on-line measuring device simultaneously, comprise light source, Transmission Fibers, sensor probe, data processing and computing machine display unit and the power supply of powering to system, it is characterized in that: described sensor probe is by the collimation lens of magnetic tape trailer fibre, the glass forms of band dip plane, measure tank, temperature-sensitive reflector element and reception fiber array are formed, this reception fiber array is connected with the CCD photo-detector, described photo-detector is connected with the computing machine that software processes program and nominal data are housed with processing module by image acquisition, described temperature-sensitive reflector element comprises that semiconductor absorbs wafer, right-angle prism, Heat Conduction Material, described measurement tank and temperature-sensitive reflector element separate with glass plate.
2. according to the described on-line measuring device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the light emitting diode that 880nm, spectral half-width are at least 90nm that described illuminating source adopts centre wavelength.
3. according to the described on-line measuring device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described semiconductor absorbs wafer and adopts the gallium arsenide thin slice.
4. according to the described on-line measuring device of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described Heat Conduction Material adopts boron nitride material.
5. according to the described on-line measuring device of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described glass forms are the inner glass forms that fill distilled water.
6. according to the described on-line measuring device of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the pitch angle of the dip plane of described glass forms is 30 °～60 °.
According to claim 1 the device a kind of measuring method, it is characterized in that: this method comprises the steps:
(1) the temperature detection characteristic of pick-up unit is demarcated: provide one from temperature field, 0～50 ℃ of variable waters, the standard thermometer that sensor probe and precision is at least 0.1 ℃ is put into the temperature field simultaneously, remains on the same position; The reading value (as the reference benchmark) and the pick-up unit reading value of while recording thermometer, and repeated multiple times carries out said process, and measurement data is analyzed and handled with the computing machine that has software program, sets up the nominal data table, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(2) salinity of pick-up unit under different temperatures being detected characteristic demarcates: the number percent of various compositions in according to seawater, under a certain specified temp, make artificial seawater with different salinity value with distilled water, with its salinity value as the reference benchmark, and corresponding measurement result is measured and write down to the artificial seawater of different salinity value with pick-up unit, carry out repeatedly repeatedly, each multi-group data of gathering, set up the nominal data table, change temperature value, repeat said process, can set up the database file of the salinity detection characteristic under the different temperatures, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(3) salinity to device detects temperature variant characteristic and demarcates: to artificial seawater with a certain specific salinity temperature from low to high the variation characteristic of the salinity testing result in the change procedure demarcate, variation of temperature is detected by above-mentioned standard thermometer, write down the situation of change of salinity testing result simultaneously, change the salinity value, repeat said process, can set up the database of drift situation of change of the salinity value of seawater in temperature changing process of different salinity, deposit computing machine in, for future use;
(4) finish after the above calibration process, sensor probe is placed the seawater that will detect, utilize nominal data and computer data handling procedure, measured temperature and salinity value and nominal data are compared and revise, obtain the seawater salinity value under the same temperature, carry out result's demonstration by computing machine, thereby finish the online detection of seawater salinity and temperature.
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