CN1368483A - 生物强化技术处理油制气废水的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物强化技术处理油制气废水的方法。油制气生产废水中含有大量难降解的化学物质,其生化性差,用物理或化学方法处理成本高,容易造成二次污染。生物处理方法是公认的最经济有效的处理方法,但传统的生物方法,处理效率较差,难以达到国家II级排放标准。本发明采用以人工选育的高效降解有机物优势菌为核心的生物强化技术,使用选育的119株芳香族化合物降解菌和亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌,在原有的工艺方法基础上,使系统去除环境毒害性化合物能力大幅度提高。可以将日处理量为400t－1000t废水经过处理后CODcr浓度和氨氮浓度达到国家II级排放标准。
Description
技术领域 本发明属于生物技术处理油制气废水的方法。
技术背景 随着我国各级政府对生态环境保护的日益重视，我国对水环境污染的治理力度
不断加大。油制气生产废水中含有大量难降解的化学物质，包括大量芳香族化合物和高
浓度的氨氮，其可生化性差，处理方法有物理、化学的方法和生物的方法。物理化学方
法存在成本高、容易造成二次污染和难以达标排放的缺点，污水生物处理方法被公认为
最经济、有效的处理方法之一，常规的油制气废水生物处理方法为厌氧—好氧(A/O)
工艺，兼性厌氧生物滤池后接两级活性污泥曝气，曝气池为合建式表面曝气池，处理效
率较差，难以达到国家II级排放标准。生物强化技术是为了提高处理系统的处理能力而
向系统内加入自然界中筛选的有特殊作用的优势菌种或通过基因组合技术产生的高效
菌种，以强化生物量对某一特定环境或特殊污染物的反应，该技术可有效的提高有毒有
害物的去除效果，提高处理系统的处理能力和范围。
本发明的目的是采用人工选育的高效降解有机物的优势菌和去除氨氮的硝化
细菌，提高原有废水处理系统的处理能力，使难降解的芳香族化合物得到有效降解，同
时去除氨氮，使处理系统的外排水达到国家II级排放标准。发明内容 本发明所提供的废水处理方法可以采用现有技术中兼性厌氧—好氧(A/O)工
艺或厌氧—兼性厌氧—好氧(A2/O)工艺，工艺流程图见说明书附图，兼性厌氧池为下
向流的生物滴滤池，(图中2.3所示)，生物滴滤池填充由硅酸盐组成的多孔材料或半软
性材料，为避免填料堵塞，生物滴滤池之前加设沉淀池(图中1所示)。污泥驯化和生
物滴滤池生物膜的培育过程中，投加选育的烷烃类、苯类、多环芳烃类和杂环类化合物
降解菌包括苯酚降解菌、苯胺降解菌、十九烷降解菌、水杨酸降解菌、萘降解菌、菲降
解菌、吡啶降解菌、喹啉降解菌等119株，分属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、酵母属
(Yeasta)、棒杆菌属(Corynebactererium)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、黄杆菌属
(Flauabacterium)、无色细菌属(Acbromobacter)、气单胞属(Aeromonas)7个属，投加
人工富集培养的1株为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)的亚硝化细菌和3株为硝化杆
菌属(Nitrobacter)的硝化细菌并结合控制曝气池溶解氧为1mg/～5mg/L，调节曝气
池活性污泥悬浮液pH值为5.0～8.5，温度调节为20℃～35℃微生物生长和降解有机
物所需条件。
附图说明 附图为传统兼性厌氧—好氧(A/O)工艺或厌氧—兼性厌氧—好氧(A2/O)处理
工艺流程示意图。图中：
1-沉淀池， 2-生物滴滤池， 3-生物滴滤池， 4-曝气池，
5-曝气池， 6-澄清池， 7-砂滤池， 8-外排池
本发明所提供的处理油制气废水的方法，使系统去除环境毒害性化合物的能力
大幅度提高成功地使生物滴滤池生物膜和两级曝气池的活性污泥获得了降解有机物和
去除高浓度氨氮的能力，在工业废水进水浓度为400mg/L～1076mg/L，氨氮浓度为
100mg/L～350mg/L，生物处理系统日处理量为400t～1000t的条件下，经处理的工业废
水达到CODcr浓度≤150mg/L，氨氮浓度≤25mg/L的国家II级排放标准。
具体实施方式 实施例1：在工业废水进水CODcr浓度为700mg/L，氨氮浓度为200mg/L，
日处理量为400t，往生物滴滤池和曝气池投加选育的苯酚解菌、苯胺降解菌、十九烷
降解菌、水杨酸降解菌、萘降解菌、菲降解菌、吡啶降解菌、喹啉降解菌等106株和1
株亚硝化细菌以及株硝化细菌，生物滴滤池填充粉煤灰材料，控制曝气池溶氧为2mg/L～
4mg/L，调节曝气池活性污泥悬浮液pH值为5.0～8.0，温度调节为30℃等，驯化生物
滴滤池的生物膜和曝气池活性污泥。经处理的工业废水其CODcr浓度为140mg/L、氨氮
浓度为10mg/L。
实施例2：在工业废水进水CODcr浓度为550mg/L，氨氮浓度为180mg/L，
日处理量为600t，往生物滴滤池和曝气池投加选育的苯酚降解菌、苯胺降解菌、十九
烷降解菌、水杨酸降解菌、萘降解菌、菲降解菌、吡啶降解菌、喹啉降解菌等91株和
1株亚硝化细菌以及2株硝化细菌，生物滴滤池填充塑料花材料，控制曝气池溶氧为2
mg/L～3mg/L，调节曝气池活性污泥悬浮液pH值为6.0～8.0，温度调节为30℃～32
℃等，驯化生物滴滤池的生物膜和曝气池活性污泥。经处理的工业废水其CODcr浓度为
130mg/L、氨氮浓度为8mg/L。
实施例3：在工业废水进水CODcr浓度为400mg/L，氨氮浓度为150mg/L，
日处理量为800t，往生物滴滤池和曝气池投加选育的苯酚降解菌、苯胺降解菌、十九
烷降解菌、水杨酸降解菌、萘降解菌、菲降解菌、吡啶降解菌、喹啉降解菌等80株和
1株亚硝化细菌以及1株硝化细菌，生物滴滤池填充用煤渣构建的材料，控制曝气池溶
氧为1mg/L～2mg/L，调节曝气池活性污泥悬浮液pH值为5.5～8.0，温度调节为29
℃～32℃等，驯化生物滴滤池的生物膜和曝气池活性污泥。经处理的工业废水其CODcr
浓度为110mg/L、氨氮浓度为10mg/L。
Claims (5)
1、一种生物强化技术处理油制气废水的方法，采用兼性厌氧—好氧工艺或厌氧—兼性厌氧—好氧工艺，预处理的废水经过生物滴滤池、曝气池、澄清池、砂滤池后排出，其特征在于处理废水工艺流程中的生物滴滤池填充由硅酸盐组成的亲水性颗粒状多孔材料，或半软性材料，在污泥驯化和生物滴滤池生物膜培育过程投加高效降解有机物菌类和去除氨氮的硝化菌类，包括假单胞菌属、酵母属、棒杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、黄杆菌属、无色细菌属、气单胞属和亚硝化单胞菌属、硝化杆菌属菌类。
2、据权利要求1中所述的处理油制气废水的方法，其特征在于所述的降解有机物的菌类包括烷烃类、苯类、多环芳烃类和杂环类化合物降解菌。
3、根据权利要求1中所述的处理油制气废水的方法，其特征在于所述的去除氨氮的硝化菌类包括亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌。
4、根据权利要求1中所述的处理油制气废水的方法，其特征在于所述的处理过程所需的微生物生长和降解有机物所需的条件为：曝气池溶氧1mg/L-5mg/L，调节曝气池活性污泥悬浮液pH值5.0-8.5，温度调节为20℃-35℃。
5、根据权利要求1中所述的处理油制气度水的方法，其特征在于所述的生物滴滤池填充材料是煤渣、煤灰或塑料花。
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1313390C (zh) * | 2003-01-18 | 2007-05-02 | 王娅娜 | 油田回注用采出水的处理方法 |
| CN100349809C (zh) * | 2005-02-22 | 2007-11-21 | 北京师范大学 | 针对高浓度有机废水的酵母菌低氧sbr工艺 |
| CN100572524C (zh) * | 2006-09-24 | 2009-12-23 | 江苏博大环保股份有限公司 | 油田回注水微生物处理方法 |
| CN102992495A (zh) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-27 | 天津市工业微生物研究所 | 一种利用微生物强化mbr工艺处理苯系物工业废水的方法 |
| CN110877950A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-13 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 一种基于微生物沉淀技术的水体污染治理方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100434375C (zh) * | 2006-02-20 | 2008-11-19 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | 一种提高含油废水处理系统稳定性的生物强化方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-03-14 CN CN 02114955 patent/CN1218891C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1313390C (zh) * | 2003-01-18 | 2007-05-02 | 王娅娜 | 油田回注用采出水的处理方法 |
| CN100349809C (zh) * | 2005-02-22 | 2007-11-21 | 北京师范大学 | 针对高浓度有机废水的酵母菌低氧sbr工艺 |
| CN100572524C (zh) * | 2006-09-24 | 2009-12-23 | 江苏博大环保股份有限公司 | 油田回注水微生物处理方法 |
| CN102992495A (zh) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-03-27 | 天津市工业微生物研究所 | 一种利用微生物强化mbr工艺处理苯系物工业废水的方法 |
| CN110877950A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-13 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 一种基于微生物沉淀技术的水体污染治理方法 |
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| CN1218891C (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
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