CN1360787A - 用于同步便携式通信设备中的数据库的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于同步便携式通信设备中的数据库的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1360787A
CN1360787A CN00809956A CN00809956A CN1360787A CN 1360787 A CN1360787 A CN 1360787A CN 00809956 A CN00809956 A CN 00809956A CN 00809956 A CN00809956 A CN 00809956A CN 1360787 A CN1360787 A CN 1360787A
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L·诺瓦克
J·比尔克勒
K·阿尔格伦
C·古斯塔夫松
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Abstract

一种用于跟踪对存储在移动站的SIM卡中的数据库作出的改变的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:在所述移动站的存储器中和所述SIM卡上,为与所述数据库相关的校验和提供一个校验和存储区域;对所述数据库作出一个改变;比较存储在所述存储器中和所述SIM卡上的校验和;在所述的改变之后基于所述数据库计算一个修改的校验和;以及在所述的存储器中和所述的SIM卡上存储所述的修改的校验和。

Description

用于同步便携式通信设备中的数据库的方法和设备
背景
本发明一般地涉及通信系统,特别涉及同步数据库的技术,所述数据库是例如一个在用于蜂窝无线通信系统的移动站的用户标识模块(SIM)中存储的、包含电话簿的数据库。
在美国和世界的其它地方,蜂窝电话产业在商业运营中已经迈出了大步。在主要大城市地区的增长远远超出了预期并迅速超过系统能力。如果这种趋势继续下去,这个产业的增长影响将很快达到甚至最小的市场。需要有改革方案来满足这些不断增长的能力需求,维持高质量的服务,以及避免价格的升高。
一个认识到的趋势是所谓的信息产业的集中,它以个人计算机(PC)的发展为标志,以及所谓的通信产业的集中,它以移动电话的发展为标志。两种设备的特征都在于性能(硬件)的快速提高和已经提高的应用(软件)能力。在不久有将来,移动电话将可能更直接地与诸如PC的其它信息设备进行通信,以交换信息。许多无线服务的用户也都拥有个人计算机,而且由于每种设备在数据处理能力方面得到更多的改进,所以他们可能希望在它们之间交换数据,例如,使存储在每个设备中的数据库(如电话簿)保持同步。
考虑图1所示的实例。其中,一台PC 10和一部移动电话20通过通信链路30链接在一起。本领域的技术人员将理解,虽然PC和移动电话用作在它们之间要执行数据库同步的两种设备的例子,但是本发明不局限于这两种设备,而且实际上可以应用于在例如电子管理器和寻呼机等的任何两种设备之间保持数据库的同步。PC 10包括一个例如包含电话记录的数据库40,而移动电话20包括一个相应的存储在它的用户标识模块(SIM)卡50上的数据库。如无线通信领域的技术人员所理解的,SIM卡是一种可移动的智能卡,它为GSM无线通信标准而开发,作为以可移动的方式方便地分类和存储与移动用户相关的信息单元的机制,这种卡是可以在移动电话中插入和取出的。
按惯例,为了使数据库40和存储在SIM卡50上的数据库保持同步,需要单个地比较每个数据库中的每个记录。例如,存储在SIM卡50中的电话簿记录的数据库可以通过链路30传送给PC 10。接着,每个数据库中的记录就可以比较并更新,这样这两个数据库相互作为镜像。对于存储在SIM卡50中的数据库的改变,例如,关于在数据库40中找到但是在从移动电话20向PC 10传送的数据库版本中没有找到的记录的改变,然后可以转递回给移动电话20来更新SIM卡的电话簿。这种同步过程复杂而且费时。
为了解决这种问题,如图2所示,可以增加一个变动日志到设备中。该变动日志包含关于在它们之间进行同步后在任何一个数据库中修改的记录的信息。例如,如果一个电话记录在PC 10与移动电话20进行同步之后添加到PC 10的数据库40中,那么这样的指示将在变动日志200中找到。同样,如果移动电话20(和SIM卡50)关联的用户在他或她的电话薄中删除一个记录,那么这个改变将反映在变动日志205中。在同步过程中使用变动日志200和205是有益的,因为只有那些自最后的同步更新以来被修改、添加或删除的记录(如在变动日志中所记录的)才需要在这些设备之间传送。因此,同步过程可以更快地进行。
不幸的是,虽然这样改进了同步过程,但是增加变动日志带来了另外一个问题。由于SIM卡50上的存储器是有限的,所以变动日志可能存储在移动电话20中的另外一个存储设备中,例如本地RAM(图中没有显示),而不是和数据库一样存储在SIM卡50自身上。这在如图3所示SIM卡50被转移到另一部移动电话上时将是有问题的。在这个实例中,考虑SIM卡50从移动电话20转移到移动电话300,例如,移动电话20的用户借用移动电话300。然后,用户在使用移动电话300时对他或她的电话簿作出一个改变。这个改变反映在变动日志305中而不是在变动日志210中。将SIM卡50重新安装到移动电话20中之后,用户启动同步过程,但是由于变动日志210没有包括对SIM卡50中的数据库作出的一个或多个改变,因此PC不能用这些改变来更新。
因此,期望提供可以允许将变动日志用于来使数据库保持同步而又适应SIM卡等的可移动性的技术和设备。
概述
根据本发明的示例的实施方案,传统技术的这些以及其它的缺点得到克服,其中对存储在SIM卡中的数据库计算一个校验和。这个校验和可以存储在移动电话中,例如和变动日志一起存储。在进行设备间的同步时,可以对存储在SIM卡中的数据库计算另一个校验和。如果存储的校验和与计算的校验和不匹配,那么在数据库内容中就发生了一个没有在变动日志中反映的改变。因此,可以进行一个完全的同步过程,其中每个设备中的数据库记录得到比较。另一方面,如果这些校验和是匹配的,那么变动日志就准确地反映了对存储在SIM卡中的数据库所作的任何改变,而可以更方便地使用变动日志进行同步过程。通过这种方式,对存储在SIM卡中的数据库所作的改变可以在同步过程中得到考虑,而不管该SIM卡是否移动到另一个设备中,而且可以在其它设备中使用时得到更新。
根据本发明的另一种示例的实施方案,可以改进存储在SIM数据库中的电话簿记录以提供高效的同步。例如,可以在SIM卡中一个预先确定的字段中存储一个电话簿标识符(PID)。该PID可以用于确定电话簿和先前与例如PC的另一个设备同步的电话簿是相同还是不同。也可以为电话簿中的每个记录增加一个用户标识符(UID)字段。UID用于检测记录的改变,也用于标识每个记录的最新的版本。
附图简述
通过下列结合附图的对于示例的实施方案的说明,本发明的上述目的和特征将更加清楚,其中:
图1说明一种同于使设备间的数据库保持同步的传统技术;
图2说明图1的技术和系统的一种改进,其中为使数据库保持同步而在每个设备中引入变动日志;
图3说明当SIM卡在设备间移动时与使用变动日志有关的问题;以及
图4说明根据本发明的一种示例方法的流程图。
详述
下面的说明根据蜂窝无线电话系统来编写,但是应该知道,申请人的发明不局限于这个环境。更详细地说,下列说明的编写使用可能与GSM兼容的系统有关的术语,例如“SIM卡”,但是本领域的技术人员知道,本发明可以在其它的通信/信息处理应用中实施,包括那些根据例如IS-95或PDC的其它标准设计的应用,以及那些使用例如CDMA的其它接入方法的应用。
如上所述,本发明在使设备间的数据库保持同步方面得到特别的应用,其中至少一个设备具有一个可移动的SIM卡,例如一部移动电话。本领域的技术人员熟悉关于SIM卡本身的细节,所以这些细节不在这里重复。但是,有兴趣的读者可以参考文献“Specification of theSubscriber Identity Module-Mobile Equipment(SIM-ME)Interface(用户标识模块-移动设备(SIM-ME)接口的规范)”,GSM 11.11,笫4.10.0版,日期为1994年1月21日,它的公开内容在此引入作为参考,用于讨论SIM卡的规范。
根据本发明的一种示例的实施方案,使用存储在SIM卡中的数据库记录的值计算一个校验和。校验和计算本身在本领域中是众所周知的,可以采用任何已知类型的校验和计算,例如可以在整个数据库中使用一个称为CRC-16的循环冗余校验。当数据库被修改时,例如一个记录被增加、删除或修改,那么就计算一个新的校验和。因此,只要数据库被修改,该校验和(例如2字节/电话簿)就改变。这个机制可以用于帮助跟踪对存储在SIM卡中的数据库所作的改变,即使SIM卡在不同的移动电话之间移动时也如此。
再考虑图3所示的情况。当SIM卡50开始存在于移动电话20中时,在其中存储的数据库将具有与之相关的第一校验和。这个第一校验和可以存储在移动电话中的另一个存储位置,例如与变动日志210一起存储。如果SIM卡50后来插入到移动电话300中,而数据库又被修改,那么就计算一个第二校验和并存储在SIM卡50上。由于数据库中的改变,第二校验和将与第一校验和不同。当SIM卡50后来重新插入到移动电话20中时,移动电话20将检测到存储在它的存储器中的第一校验和与存储在SIM卡50中的第二校验和之间的不匹配。然后移动电话20将知道存储在SIM卡50上的数据库已经改变,而且可以以任何需要的方式使用这个信息来帮助使数据库保持同步,例如,设置一个指示需要完全的同步过程的标记。
作为一个根据本发明使用校验和改进数据库同步的方式的实例,考虑图4的流程图。这个过程可以在任何对存储在SIM卡50的数据库作出一个改变的时候启动。其中,在步骤400,比较存储在移动电话20和SIM卡50中的校验和,以确定自变动日志210最后的更新以来存储在SIM卡50中的数据库是否被改变。如上所述,如果SIM卡50在另外一个设备中使用而例如电话簿的数据库又被修改,这种情况就可能发生。如果校验和不匹配,那么过程就转到块410,其中变动日志被标记为无效。这意味着,例如,在进行设备间的同步时需要进行一次完全的同步,因为变动日志未反映所有对数据库的改变。可替代地,通过确定已经作出了哪些变动日志210没有反映的改变,移动电话20可以重新创建变动日志210。
另一方面,如果步骤400中的比较指示为匹配,那么移动电话知道它的变动日志是有效的。这样,在步骤420,使用修改了的数据库计算一个新的校验和。这个新的校验和然后在块430中同时存储在移动电话20的SIM卡50和存储器中。这个过程在任何对数据库作出改变的时候可以重复。
根据本发明的另一种示例的实施方案,可以改进存储在SIM数据库中的电话簿记录以提供高效的同步。例如,可以在SIM卡中预先确定的一个字段中存储一个电话簿标识符(PID)。该PID(例如,每个电话簿4个字节)可以用于确定电话簿和先前与另一个例如PC的设备进行了同步的电话簿是相同还是不同。也可以为电话簿中的每个记录增加一个用户标识符(UID)字段。UID(例如2字节/记录)用于检测记录的改变,也用于标识每个记录的最新的版本。为了避免用完可用的UID值,PID可以用作(高效地)高位的UID比特。在需要时,可以为SIM卡增加附加的PID值,以提供附加的UID值。
虽然本发明对于一些示例的实施方案已经说明,但是本领域的一个技术人员将理解本发明同样可以应用于其它这样的系统。例如,本领域的技术人员将理解,使用校验和来解决与上面所述的变动日志和数据库同步有关的问题有许多方法,本发明的意图是包含除在这里所述的这些示例的实施方案之外的实施方案。上面所教的技术的许多变体和组合可以由本领域的技术人员设计出来而不背离在下列权利要求中所述的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于跟踪对存储在移动站的SIM卡中的数据库作出的改变的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
在所述移动站的存储器中和所述SIM卡上,为与所述数据库相关的校验和提供一个校验和存储区域;
对所述数据库作出一个改变;
比较存储在所述存储器中和所述SIM卡上的校验和;
在所述的改变之后基于所述数据库计算一个修改的校验和;以及
在所述的存储器中和所述的SIM卡上存储所述的修改的校验和。
2.一种用于跟踪对存储在移动站中的电话簿作出的改变的方法,包括下列步骤:
计算一个与所述电话簿相关的校验和;
将所述的校验和存储在所述移动站中至少两个不同的存储位置。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述的至少两个存储位置之一在SIM卡上。
4.一种移动站,包括:
一个存储器;
一个包括一个数据库的SIM卡;以及
一个处理器,用于计算与所述数据库相关的校验和并将所述的校验和存储在所述的存储器和SIM卡的至少一个中。
5.权利要求4的移动站,其中所述的数据库具有包括PID字段和UID字段的记录。
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