CN1355262A - High-hydroscopicity material for agriculture and forestry and its preparing process - Google Patents
High-hydroscopicity material for agriculture and forestry and its preparing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1355262A CN1355262A CN 00127610 CN00127610A CN1355262A CN 1355262 A CN1355262 A CN 1355262A CN 00127610 CN00127610 CN 00127610 CN 00127610 A CN00127610 A CN 00127610A CN 1355262 A CN1355262 A CN 1355262A
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Abstract
A high-hydroscopicity material for agricul tural and forest purpose is disclosed, and is a cross-linked polyacrylate compound containing at least one or more than one of amido, ether bond, and hydroxy group. It is prepared from the high polymer industrial discards as raw material through cutting, washing, cross-linking reaction, hydrolysis reaction, washing with water, and drying.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural high-absorbent material and preparation method thereof.This material can be widely used in aspects such as farming, woods, gardening, medical treatment, physiological hygiene, oil, chemical, daily necessities, environment protection, beauty treatment, cosmetic, building materials, biochemical technology, food.Particularly aspect agricultural, high-absorbent material can be used as soilless culture, soil improvement agent, seed pelleting, booth matrix, fertilizer-keeping agent, plastic film for agricultural use, afforestation desert and afforestation etc.
High absorbency material is developed in 1969 by USDA north institute (NRRL) at first, behind sodium hydroxide hydrolysis, obtain again with W-Gum and acrylonitrile grafting polymerization, sixties end is to the seventies initial stage, the Grain-Processing of the U.S., Hercules, National Starch, General Mills Chemical, the SUMITOMO CHEMICAL chemistry, flower Wang Shi alkali, Sanyo has changed into the successful in succession exploitation of company such as industry high-absorbent material.In recent years, along with the year by year increase of the world to the high absorbency material demand, the over-all properties of developing new product variety, reduction material cost, raising material is the outstanding feature of our times high-absorbent material development.At present, the high-absorbent material of studying often both at home and abroad is mainly crosslinked polyacrylate, acrylic copolymer and starch-kinds such as acrylic acid-grafted polymkeric substance, generally makes with methods such as anti-phase suspension and letex polymerization, aqueous solution polymerization and starch-grafted polymerizations.As U.S. Pat 4743244, US 4059552, US 4618631, US 393509, European patent EP 272074 etc., particularly U.S. Pat 393509, it utilizes starch-grafted vinyl cyanide to obtain high-absorbent material, and this material can be used for soil improvement, water conservation drought resisting, breeding field such as keep a full stand of seedings.Because technology is complicated, cost is higher, equipment requirements is higher, causes its price more expensive, thereby, limited its application agriculturally.China is a large agricultural country, and along with high-absorbent material promoting the use of on agricultural, its consumption can be increasing.Have report to say: can prepare high-absorbent material with acrylic fibres waste silk, the operational path of this method is hydrolysis, crosslinked, neutralization, again with organic solvent precipitation such as ethanol, filtration, washing.The made high-absorbent material of this method, though cost has reduced, gel-strength is lower, is unfavorable for using on agricultural.For overcoming above-mentioned defective, the present invention proposes a kind of new technical scheme.
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of water-retaining capacity greater than 50g/g, utilize trade waste to make agricultural high-absorbent material and preparation method thereof of hydrogel intensity preferably.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of agricultural high-absorbent material, adopt the superpolymer trade waste as raw material, it is characterized in that: this raw material is contained one or more the crosslinked polyacrylate compounds in amide group, ehter bond, the oh group at least after reaction.A kind of agricultural are adopted with high-absorbent material and are reclaimed the polymer industry waste, as: industrial scrap rubber, industrial waste etc. are made.The water-retaining capacity of this material is 50～500g/g, promptly is 50～500 times of himself weight, and gel-strength is preferably arranged.Optional one or more the mixture in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile of recovery polymer industry refuse of the present invention.
On the technique scheme basis, agricultural of the present invention with the preparation method of high-absorbent material are: the first step, pre-treatment: it is polymer filament, club or block about 2～3cm that the superpolymer trade waste earlier is cut into length with stapling machine, removes solvent in the waste with standby through washing then; In second step, crosslinking reaction: with above-mentioned clean trade waste is raw material, adds linking agent in stirred-tank reactor, concentration is 1%～30%, and temperature of reaction is controlled at envrionment temperature～90 ℃, and the reaction times is 1～96 hour, after the washing, obtain intermediate product; The 3rd step, hydrolysis reaction: the above-mentioned intermediate product that obtains is added alkali lye such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, concentration 1%～70% in tank reactor, temperature of reaction is controlled at envrionment temperature～100 ℃, reaction was carried out 1～72 hour, and reaction finishes the back and neutralizes with hydrochloric acid, and transferring to the pH value is 6.At last, washing, drying obtain needed agricultural high-absorbent material.Simply say, be divided into following four steps: the washing of trade waste and cut-out; Trade waste crosslinked; Hydrolysis and neutralization; At last, washing, drying obtain having the water-insoluble polymer of certain gel-strength.And the present invention need not after polyreaction with organic solvent precipitation such as ethanol, filtration, washing, only need directly dehydrate; Product gel-strength height, in general, the water-retaining capacity of high-absorbent material and hydrogel intensity are a pair of paradox, the water-retaining capacity height, then hydrogel intensity is low, to being used in the high-absorbent material on the sanitary material, only need water-retaining capacity good, and low to the hydrogel requirement of strength.Agricultural wish then that with high-absorbent material both performances are all relatively good, the present invention just can take all factors into consideration both relations to satisfy the requirement of agricultural with high-absorbent material to greatest extent, promptly not only the water-retaining capacity of high-absorbent material is strong, and hydrogel intensity is also than higher.
High-absorbent material is to absorb tens of times of high molecular polymers to thousands of times of water of deadweight, they have suitable gel-strength when containing big water gaging, and moisture can slowly release in dry air, and high-absorbent material can be widely used in industries such as sanitary material, agricultural, forestry, gardens technology and material of construction.
Aspect sanitary material, high-absorbent material is as baby diaper, sanitary napkin, adult incontinent pads, urine and crimson blood can be absorbed to store and not excessive, clean and comfortable, thereby be the present topmost purposes of high-absorbent material.
At agricultural, forestry and gardens process aspect, high-absorbent material has a wide range of applications in the following aspects: (1) soilless culture material, mix alternative traditional potted flower soil with high-absorbent material, and can reduce the number of times of irrigation with nutritive medium or matrix.(2) soil improvement agent with high-absorbent material and mixing with soil, can promote that soil becomes crumb structure, improve soil soil moisture conservation, preserve moisture and fertilizer-preserving ability.(3) seed pelleting behind high-absorbent material gel and seed mixed seeding, can impel seed early to germinate and improves percentage of germination.(4) booth matrix, with high-absorbent material be used for planting vegetable, the agricultural soil of the alternative tradition of melon and fruit after other matrix, nutritive medium mix, thereby can realize industrialized production in agriculture production.(5) fertilizer-keeping agent mixes macromolecular material with chemical fertilizer, impose in the soil, can prevent the loss of chemical fertilizer, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.(6) plastic film for agricultural use is closing film forming one side, applies one deck high-absorbent material layer, can improve moisture retention and visible light transmissivity.(7) afforestation desert and afforestation are made water-retaining agent earlier with high-absorbent material, just mix together moisture in can fine preservation soil with agricultural soil again, thereby reach the purpose of afforestation desert and afforestation.
Superiority of the present invention is: the method for preparing high-absorbent material by trade waste more tallies with the national condition.The preparation method is simple, has saved the process with organic solvent precipitation, filtration, washing, and cost is cheaper; High-absorbent material of the present invention not only has good water-retaining capacity but also has good gel-strength, is specially adapted to the agricultural aspect, and in addition, the characteristics of this material maximum are that cost is low, and, be that raw material is more conducive to environment protection with trade waste.
The high-absorbent material of prior art preparation is mainly used in the sanitary material, and its water-retaining capacity is stronger, but the intensity of suction back hydrogel is lower, and in general, these high-absorbent material suction back water-settings are gluing sticking, are difficult to bear external stress.And the high-absorbent material that the present invention prepares with trade waste not only has good water-retaining capacity, and good gel-strength arranged, as: in the external force that applies 50 grams, under the constant condition of load area, suction back hydrogel diameter is the high-absorbent material of 12mm, final deformation values only is 2mm, therefore this technology has superiority than prior art aspect gel-strength, in addition, because gel-strength height, therefore this high-absorbent material is reusable, and the high-absorbent material of existing technology preparation is generally disposable use, therefore also has superiority in this technology aspect work-ing life.
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with example:
Embodiment: take by weighing industrial scrap rubber 10 grams, add acetone, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, copper sulfate, tannic acid in stirred-tank reactor, rub linking agent such as acid, concentration is 1%～30%, temperature of reaction is controlled at 10～90 ℃, reaction is carried out finishing after 1～96 hour, and washing obtains intermediate product; Add alkali lye such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide then in tank reactor, concentration 1%～30%, temperature of reaction are controlled at 20～100 ℃, and reaction was carried out 1～72 hour, and reaction finishes the back and neutralizes with hydrochloric acid, and transferring to the pH value is 6.At last it is put in drying in the baking oven, its water absorbent rate of the high-absorbent material that obtains is 50～500g/g, and gel-strength is 1.2mm for deformation under 50g stress.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of agricultural high-absorbent material, adopt the superpolymer trade waste as raw material, be characterised in that: this superpolymer trade waste is contained one or more the crosslinked polyacrylate compounds in amide group, ehter bond, the oh group at least after reaction.
2, agricultural according to claim 1 high-absorbent material and preparation method thereof, be characterised in that: optional one or more the mixture in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile of described polymer industry waste.
3, agricultural according to claim 1 high-absorbent material and preparation method thereof is characterised in that: processing condition:
The first step, pre-treatment: it is polymer filament, club or block about 2～3cm that the superpolymer trade waste earlier is cut into length with stapling machine, removes solvent in the waste with standby through washing then;
In second step, crosslinking reaction: with above-mentioned clean trade waste is raw material, adds linking agent in stirred-tank reactor, concentration is 1%～30%, and temperature of reaction is controlled at envrionment temperature～90 ℃, and reaction is carried out finishing after 1～96 hour, washing obtains intermediate product;
In the 3rd step, hydrolysis reaction: the above-mentioned intermediate product that obtains is added alkali lye in tank reactor, concentration 1%～30%, temperature of reaction are controlled at 20～100 ℃, and in 1～72 hour reaction times, reaction finishes the back and neutralizes with hydrochloric acid, and transferring to the pH value is 6.Washing, drying obtain needed agricultural high-absorbent material at last.
4, agricultural according to claim 3 are characterised in that with high-absorbent material and preparation method thereof: described linking agent is acetone, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, copper sulfate, tannic acid, rub in the acid one or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00127610 CN1355262A (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | High-hydroscopicity material for agriculture and forestry and its preparing process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00127610 CN1355262A (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | High-hydroscopicity material for agriculture and forestry and its preparing process |
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| CN1355262A true CN1355262A (en) | 2002-06-26 |
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| CN 00127610 Pending CN1355262A (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | High-hydroscopicity material for agriculture and forestry and its preparing process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110449137A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-11-15 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of polyfunctional group modified nano fiber film adsorbent material |
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2000
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110449137A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-11-15 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of polyfunctional group modified nano fiber film adsorbent material |
| CN110449137B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-12-03 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of multifunctional group modified nanofiber membrane adsorbing material |
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