CN1354828A - Panel-like structure for collecting radiant energy - Google Patents
Panel-like structure for collecting radiant energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1354828A CN1354828A CN00808694A CN00808694A CN1354828A CN 1354828 A CN1354828 A CN 1354828A CN 00808694 A CN00808694 A CN 00808694A CN 00808694 A CN00808694 A CN 00808694A CN 1354828 A CN1354828 A CN 1354828A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Abstract
A panel for collecting solar energy has a profiled rear surface(4)comprising elongated prismatic structures(5), one part of each of which comprises a photovoltaic cell(8). In one form, another part of each prismatic structure comprises a reflecting surface(6)and, to improve the efficiency of the panel, a part(12)of that reflecting surface may have the shape of part of a parabolic reflector. In another form, the reflecting surface(6)is omitted so that some solar energy can pass directly through the panel. The prismatic structures generally extend horizontally across the panel but they may be inclined to the horizontal, especially if the panel is positioned to face in a geographical direction other than that in which the sun attains its highest altitude.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of be used for collecting radiant energy, the especially structure of (but not being exclusive) solar energy, particularly a kind of platy structure that is suitable for being used in the various places.
At present, solar energy is used to the energy of other form in additional and the alternative in some cases power generation operation just more and more.But, though solar energy has some advantages from environmental,, for a lot of application scenarios, it is still too expensive so that can not take in.In order to obtain maximum efficient, can utilize an array of photovoltaic cells to carry out with the solar energy collecting operation of conversion of solar energy for electric energy, described array can be followed the tracks of the sun, can be oriented to the energy that can collect volume all the time to guarantee it in 1 year.But a kind of like this installation and maintenance of array is a more complicated.Fixed array be more convenient for installing and cost lower, but efficient is lower, unless they be the aiming sun mean place direction (this is not always possible) or be provided with a very large barrier-layer cell area (in this case, the cost of barrier-layer cell may become too high).
It has been recognized that a kind of reduction is to reduce to collect the required battery number of specified rate solar energy by the method that solar energy produces the rate of exchange of electric power.The at present existing various plans of establishment of considering said method, some examples US-A-4 235 643,4 313 023,4 514 040,5 419 782 and 5 466 301 and SU-A-089 365 in describe to some extent.
In addition, being entitled as of being write by D.R.Mills and J.E.Guitronich in 21 the 423rd to 430 pages of " solar energy " volumes of publishing in 1978 described in " Ideal Prism Solar Concentrators " literary composition and adopted several simple prism apparatus to merge into some amplitude transformers fixing, flat-top as the solar concentrator and the prism apparatus that will hang down cumulative (concentration).Relevant discloses among the present document AU-A-37217/78.
The present invention is intended to improve and is used for collecting the efficient of the platy structure of radiant energy, especially (and not meaning that exclusive) those structures of using and increase its versatility in building, road sign and poster plate.
According to the claim 1 and 2 of this paper, the invention provides a kind of structure that is used for collecting radiant energy.
According to the claim 9 of this paper, the present invention also provides a kind of structure that is used for collecting radiant energy.
According to the claim 16 and 17 of this paper, the present invention further provides a kind of structure that is used for collecting radiant energy.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, only various embodiments of the present invention are described, in each accompanying drawing with illustrational form:
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section that can be used for collecting the platy structure of radiant energy;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram, and it shows the position of the each several part of described structure when arrow II direction is observed in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 looks schematic diagram with the corresponding vertical profile of Fig. 1, and it shows the ray path by described structure;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3, is used for the size of each parts of described structure is calculated;
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the views similar with Fig. 4, and they show structure according to an aspect of the present invention;
Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) show the improved form of structure shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b) are the longitudinal section of a kind of structure according to a further aspect of the invention when being used in combination with a window and a graphic panel respectively;
Fig. 9 shows another remodeling of structure shown in Fig. 7 (b).
Figure 10 (a), Figure 10 (b) and Figure 11 show according to another aspect of the invention, be used for collecting other orientations of the structure of radiant energy; And
Figure 12 to Figure 14 is the vertical profile schematic diagram that can be used for collecting other platy structure of radiant energy.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a kind of platy structure 1, and described platy structure is suitable for use as a fixture construction, can be used to collect solar energy, generate electricity to utilize solar energy.Just as will be described further below, described structure 1 can be used in a lot of different places, comprise on the inner surface of window, on the outer surface of a building and on road sign and the poster plate.
Described structure 1 comprises a vertical panel 2 of being made by light transmissive material, and it has first and second first type surfaces 3,4.Described first first type surface 3 is plane, and described second first type surface 4 has certain profile and comprise several long and narrow, structures 5 of being prismatic substantially, passing across described vertical panel 2 with a mode horizontal-extending on another.Each prismatic structures 5 is identical, and extends abreast each other.Each prismatic structures 5 includes mutual plane inclined 6,7: plane 6 is one side reflectings surface towards vertical panel 2, and plane 7 has a barrier-layer cell 8, and it forms light with described vertical panel material and contacts the radiation that sees through described vertical panel to accept.Barrier-layer cell 8 is a form of vertically hung scroll that covers the whole width on plane 7.The general size of plane 6 and 7 width is respectively 10 millimeters and 3 millimeters.
Fig. 3 shows the direction (that is the Due South in the Northern Hemisphere) that described structure 1 is oriented to make vertical plane shape surface 3 face the sun and reaches its maximum elevation.Electromagnetic radiation such as ray path 10 from the sun
1To 10
5Shownly pass described surperficial 3 like that and enter vertical panel 2, and wherein a part of electromagnetic radiation is (with ray 10
1Be example) will directly impinge upon on one of them barrier-layer cell 8, and remaining electromagnetic radiation will impact therein and inject described vertical panel then backward on a reflecting surface 6.The radiation that near the summit of each prismatic structures 5 plane 6 reflections come will be as the ray among Fig. 3 10
2The contiguous barrier-layer cell 8 of illustrated such directive, and remaining reflected radiation will be as ray 10
3To 10
5The illustrated plate-like surface of directive like that backward 3.For a certain given incidence angle from the sun, ray 10
3To 10
5Impact described surperficial 3 in the described vertical panel angle visual reflex face 6 the angle of inclination and decide, and, can guarantee all indirect raies 10 by the latter is selected
3To 10
5Can carry out total internal reflection (TIR) at surperficial 3 places and also turn back to once more then in the plate 2, such as exemplified in FIG..At this moment, some TIR radiation will be as ray 10
3Illustratively directly impinge upon on one of them barrier-layer cell 8 like that, perhaps as ray 10
4Illustrative like that another the reflection after impinge upon surperficial 6 places.Remaining radiation is as ray 10
5Illustrative such, also will be incident upon once more on the surface 3 of described vertical panel, carry out total internal reflection once more at this place, finally arrive a barrier-layer cell 8 with repeating above process (unless it runs into the edge of vertical panel 2 earlier) then.
Below will be according to the present invention other different aspect the various structures of described structure 1 are described.In description, will be with reference to the size of the each several part of described structure, these sizes indicate in Fig. 4 to some extent.
In order farthest to reduce the width S on plane 7, thereby and reduce (promptly in described structure 1, the gross area of the solar cell 8 that is adopted the structure with plane plane 6,7), the drift angle D of each prismatic structures 5 should be 90 °, and each reflecting surface 6 should be as far as possible little with respect to the inclination angle T of the general layout (being vertical in this case) of vertical panel 2 with all radiant energy on the surface 3 that guarantees to be back to vertical panel 2 as indicated above carry out total internal reflection like that.Like this, the cumulative of described structure will be maximum than (along the vertical direction of one of them prismatic structures 5, the described width W ratio with the width S of barrier-layer cell 8).If angle D is set at 90 °, what can illustrate is that the minimum of a value of angle T can be determined by following formula:
In the formula: k=sin A/n
C is the critical angle for the material of described plate 2
N is the refractive index of the material of described plate 2
A is that the minimum sun elevation angle (altitude) in due-in energy collecting place is (hanging down perpendicular to described plate
In the straight plane).
It is 1.5 sheet material that formula (i) is used for refractive index, and supposition solar energy is when collecting in a year, then can derive shown in the following table 1 angle T and 40 ° of minimum of a values (each value is that the cumulative in conjunction with described structure 1 recently illustrates) to 60 ° of latitudes.When deriving these values, get each latitude place, the sun elevation angle of on the December 21 positive period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m as the described minimum sun elevation angle.
Table 1
| Latitude | Minimum angles T | Cumulative compares W/S |
| ?40° | 12.23° | 4.72 |
| ?45° | 13.81° | 4.19 |
| ?50° | 15.42° | 3.76 |
| ?55° | 17.06° | 3.40 |
| ?60° | 18.72° | 3.11 |
By angle T is suitably selected, compare with the flat board that is manufactured from the same material, above can collect the energy of more (normally being three times in) in conjunction with the barrier-layer cell of Fig. 1 and described the sort of its per unit area of fixedly platy structure of Fig. 2.Even angle T does not have the minimum possible value for the specific latitude that adopts described plate at this place, also can collect the solar energy of more amount.
As an example described above, if structure illustrated in figures 1 and 2 by a kind of refractive index n be 1.5 and angle T equal 15.75 ° material and make and be located at (towards the due south) north latitude and locate for 50 °, the reflectivity of supposing plane 6 be 100% and in fact basically all radiation that are incident upon plane 7 all entered relevant barrier-layer cell 8, then can think, described structure can present one and be about 3.6 net gain (that is, per unit area it can collect 3.6 times to the solar energy of plane barrier-layer cell in refractive index is 1.5 material).And, the increasing in a day and in a year, can keep constant of collected energy.
The cumulative of the described structure shown in Fig. 1 changes along with the refractive index of the material of plate 2 than W/S, especially, and at arbitrary given latitude, can a kind ofly have bigger refractive index materials and increase with adopting.It can be illustrated by following table, and following table is for 50 ° in latitude.
Table 2
| Refractive index | Face angle T | Cumulative compares W/S |
| ????1.4 | ????16.92° | ????3.43 |
| ????1.5 | ????15.42° | ????3.76 |
| ????1.6 | ????14.21° | ????4.07 |
According to an aspect of the present invention, can also be with the shape of improving prismatic structures 5, the shape of especially improving reflecting surface 6 improves the cumulative ratio of W/S, below in conjunction with Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 this is described.
Fig. 5 be one with the similar view of Fig. 4, the reflecting surface 6 that it shows prismatic structures 5 needn't be plane fully.Each reflecting surface all has an initial plane part 11 but also comprises a curvature portion 12, and described curvature portion originates in the some place that is indicated by mark P, and described planar section is coupled together (and link to each other with correlation plane 6) with the summit of described prismatic structures 5.Described some P is positioned at plane shown in Figure 46, at this place, plunders the edge 13 of penetrating plane 7 from the indirect ray of the sun that is in minimum angle of elevation A.The position of point P has determined that it is by formula W 1=W/{1+ (tan T) tan (B+2T) along the width W 1 of the vertical direction of the planar section 11 of reflecting surface 6 } provide.Curvature portion 12 is following the described parabolic curve of a parabolic curve (being continuous among the figure, with being shown in dotted line above the summit of described prismatic structures) and having following feature: described parabolic focus is positioned at 13 places, edge on plane 7; When the sun was in minimum angle of elevation A (seeing above), described parabolical axis 14 (also shown in broken lines) was parallel to the initial path of the ray of described plate 2 inside; Described parabolical former focus spacing a (that is the length of axis 14 shown in Figure 5) is provided by following formula
M=L sin B in the formula
L＝{(W
1tan?T)/tan?B}-W+W
1
N=(W
1Tan T)/sin B}-L cos B is with the reflecting surface that is shaped as shown in Figure 5, can reduce the width (for the given width W of prismatic structures 5) of barrier-layer cell 8, simultaneously can also guarantee to be incident on the reflecting surface 6, be positioned at the described barrier-layer cell of all radiation (that is, the parabola part 12) directive of described some P below.Be incident on the reflecting surface 6, be positioned at a radiation (that is, planar section 11) of the P top frontal plane 3 of the described structure 1 of directive backward, and can described total internal reflection when this place, plane carries out as mentioned in conjunction with Fig. 3.The effect that reduces the width S of described barrier-layer cell is the cumulative ratio that can increase described structure, and can be with the axis 14 of described plane 7 along parabolic curve 12 is provided with and the acquisition maximum efficiency.In this case, the width of barrier-layer cell 8 should be as far as possible little, but still can accept all radiation on the parabola part 12 that is incident on described reflecting surface.Though shown in the cumulative ratio of structure with lower slightly,, as shown in Figure 5 plane 7 being arranged to frontal plane 3 with described plate 2, to be 90 ° may be more useful.
Fig. 6 shows another kind of prismatic structures 5, and wherein, parabola part 12 shown in Figure 5 is by two mutual plane inclined parts 15
1, 15
2Replace, one of them is (15 years old
1) be reflecting surface 6 planar section 11 continuously. Planar section 15
1, 15
2Provide together one with the shape basic corresponding shape of parabola part 12, and need carry out certain adjusting, and the planar section 11 of reflecting surface 6 (above a P) remains unchanged to the width and the orientation on the plane 7 that has barrier-layer cell 8.Compare with structure shown in Figure 5, the cumulative ratio of the plate 2 that structure shown in Figure 6 can provide is low slightly, but, different with structure shown in Figure 5 is, when the sun is in minimum angle of elevation A, it can not make from the plane all minimum angles radiation that 6 bottom reflection comes (that is, being incident on radiation on the frontal plane 3 with angle A) focus on described edge 13: opposite, and on some of them radiation some other zone with the described barrier-layer cell of directive.If desired, can with plural mutual plane inclined part (one of them be planar section 11 continuously, as the part among Fig. 6 15
1Like that) substitute parabola part 12 shown in Figure 5, can provide equally one with the basic corresponding shape of shape of described parabola part.
In each structure mentioned above, barrier-layer cell 8 can be any type that is a vertically hung scroll form, and is positioned on the plane 7, contacts thereby can make them form light with the material of plate 2.In the molded situation that forms described plate 2, can be for example with each barrier-layer cell is realized required light contact as an integrated part of molded products.
Reflecting surface on the plane 6 of described plate 2 can form with a reflecting material being deposited on those parts or with a pre-formation reflecting material is attached on those parts.Advantageously, described reflecting surface has one and is at least 90% reflectivity, and a kind of more suitable pre-formation examples of material be can be from the Saint Paul City, State of Minnesota, US 3M company of (St.Paul) buy, be the silver-colored reflectance coating of trade name with " Silverlux ".This material can be laminated to after plate 2 forms on the described plate 2 or in the molded situation that forms described plate, can form an integrated part with described molded products.Other pre-reflecting material that forms on several each plane 6 that is suitable for being used in a plate has been described in US-A-5 882 774 and WO 97/01774.Some other example is: can buy from 3M company, be the reflectance coating of trade name with " ECP 305A " and " SA-85P "; Can buy from the Alcoa company in Ohio, USA Sidney city, be silverskin trade name, on aluminium with " EVERBRITE 95 "; Can be from the MSC Laminates ﹠amp in Illinois, USA Elk Grove Village city; Composites Inc. company buys, be the silverskin of trade name with " SPECULAR PLUS "; And can be from the Alanod Aluminium-Veredlung GmbH ﹠amp in German Ennepetal city; Co. company buys, is the aluminium reflecting piece of trade name with " MIRO 4 ".
Fig. 7 (a) shows the another kind of form of plate shown in Figure 1, and wherein, reflecting material 16 separates with each plane 6.Reflecting material 16 shown in the figure is parallel to each plane 6 and locatees, but separates with described each plane with an air-gap 17, and the two ends of described air-gap are sealed by adjacent barrier-layer cell 8.In this case, complete interior radiation is carried out in the radiation (by ray 18 expressions) that the existence of air-gap 17 can make some be incident on the plane 6, and retroeflection is gone in the described plate thus, and does not have any absorption loss water.Be incident on all the other radiation on the plane 6 (by ray 18
1Expression) partial reflection that can locate with this plane is (as ray 18
2Shown in) or with there is absorption loss water ground to reflect (as ray 18 at material 16 places
3Shown in) and retroeflection is gone in the described plate.
In Fig. 7 (a), air-gap 17 can be substituted by a solid layer, and the refractive index of described solid layer is lower than the refractive index of described plate 2 materials.In this case, described solid layer can provide supporting role for reflecting material 16.Though if described material 16 has very high reflectivity, the plan of establishment shown in Fig. 7 (a) can not provide and be better than the remarkable advantage of Fig. 1 to the plan of establishment shown in Figure 6, if the refractive index of described material 16 is not good enough, it then can provide the performance of improvement.
In some cases, can save the reflecting material relevant fully, shown in Fig. 7 (b) with each plane 6 of plate shown in Figure 1.In this case, the radiation (by ray 19 illustrations) of only carrying out total internal reflection at each 6 place, plane just can be changed direction and inject in the described plate 2, and clash into one of them barrier-layer cell 8 the most at last: remaining radiation (the radiation on directly dropping on each barrier-layer cell) will be passed each plane 6 and be penetrated from described plate 2 and disappear without a trace then, as ray 19
1Shown such.By basis:
n?sin(C-T)＝sin?A????(iii)
(in the formula n, A and C as mentioned in define like that) suitably selected angle T (referring to Fig. 3), though the cumulative of described structure 1 will be lower than W/S, if desired, it can guarantee that all drop on the solar radiation experiences total internal reflection all on the plane 6.On the other hand, because described structure is simpler when saving described reflecting material, therefore, acceptable is to adopt one to have the plate of low cumulative ratio in some situation situation, although because the radiation meeting is penetrated from described plate through each plane 6 loss is arranged.For instance, can refer again to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (that is, a kind of by refractive index be 1.5 and angle T equals that 15.754 ° material is made and 50 ° of north latitude face Due South to structure) shown in the sort of ad hoc structure (above mentioning).As above pointed,, can think then that a kind of like this structure can present one and be about 3.6 net gain if the reflectivity on each plane 6 is 100%.In order to make comparisons, thereby make described structure become the sort of structure shown in Fig. 7 (b) if subsequently described reflecting material is removed from each plane 6, so, described net gain will remain unchanged in full summer season substantially, but in 1 year At All Other Times will be lower (from a whole day season in midwinter, be about 0.54 comparison steady state value and be changed to the daily mean that is about 2.85 (have very significantly and change) before and after the spring and fall equinoxes).
Another kind of plate 2 shown in Fig. 7 (b) can be advantageously utilised on glass pane 20 inner surfaces shown in Fig. 8 (a).In this case, see through the solar energy of described glass except collecting, described plate 2 can also be eliminated from the dazzling light of the direct projection of the sun (owing to having barrier-layer cell 8), can also make the observer 21 in the described building see through the ground that described window is seen the outside simultaneously.
Fig. 8 (b) has illustrated with graphic mode: plate 2 can also be advantageously utilised in the place ahead of a graphic panel 30 shown in Fig. 7 (b), (that is, by one be positioned to such an extent that the observer 31 that towards the direction of described graphic panel 30 look up observe) so that can observe from bottom to top.The observer can see through each plane plane 6 of described plate 2 and see described graphic panel 30, but the effect of collecting solar energy still can be played in described each plane, is used for illuminating in the battery of described graphic panel (described graphic panel can for example be the label of a back lighting) it is stored in one thereby can utilize solar energy to generate electricity.Described plate 30 can be positioned on the outside of a building, perhaps can be the vertical panel of other form, such as a posters plate or a road sign.Because the frontal plane of graphic panel 30 is protected by described plate 2, therefore, can build described graphic panel with those materials that can not stand weather effect.
Fig. 9 shows eliminating one and sees through a kind of modification that use in the distortion of the image that described plate observes, plate 2 shown in Fig. 7 (b).Described modification comprises that one is arranged near second plate 33 the special-shaped level 4 of described plate 2, and it is made by a kind of and the described first plate identical materials, to make additional to the refracted ray through described first plate.Near the plane 35 of described second plate 33 described plate 2 have one with the profile of described plane 4 complementations, and between described two planes, have a less air-gap 37 and remain unchanged to guarantee the amount of radiation that is directed to each barrier-layer cell 8.But, seeing through the observer 38 that described each plate is observed for one, the effect of described assembly 2,33 is to seem that it is a parallel-plate and the twisted phenomena that can eliminate the significant view image that may become when not having described second plate 33.
Be the described plate 2 of the supposition geographic direction that is oriented to make described vertical frontal plane 3 face the sun and is in its maximum elevation (that is, Due South on the Northern Hemisphere to) in the above description.But suppose that described structure rotation and described angle T in himself plane increase slightly to guarantee also to collect solar energy when the sun is in its minimum angle of elevation, when the rotation of described structure when being about 45 ° angle with east or west, also can be advantageously (that is, can significantly not reduce can collect solar radiation quantity) adopt described plate 2.In other words, described frontal plane 3 keeps vertical, but prismatic structures 5 does not remake and horizontally rotates.This diagram to some extent in Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b), they are respectively to face the plate 23 of the southeast and the one side observed schematic diagram in the place ahead and top towards the plate 24 in southwest from a plate 22, that faces south.As can seeing in Fig. 9 (a), described plate 23 and 24 has been done to turn clockwise and be rotated counterclockwise with respect to described plate 21 respectively.In a concrete instance, shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the sort of by refractive index be the plate made of 1.5 material with so vertical orientated use, that is, facing 30 ° in the east in south 50 ° of north latitude.It is 24.94 ° angle R (when arrow II direction is observed in Fig. 1) that described plate turns over one clockwise, and the angle of inclination T of each reflective facets is set to 17.7 ° (can give one is that 3.29 cumulative is than W/S).Certainly, working for 30 ° satisfactorily in the west that this plate can be at same latitude place, facing south, but should make it turn over 24.94 ° in the counterclockwise direction rather than along clockwise direction.Other several concrete instances in following table 3, have been gathered.In each situation, described plate (the sort of plate shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) all is to be that 1.5 material is made and used with vertical orientated 50 ° of north latitude by a kind of refractive index.
| Plate towards | Anglec of rotation R | Facet angle T | Cumulative compares w/ |
| 10 ° in east/west, south | ????9.58° | ????16.1 | ????3.6 |
| 20 ° in east/west, south | ???16.09° | ????16.55 | ????3.51 |
| 40 ° in east/west, south | ???31.69° | ????19.3 | ????3.02 |
Other plate of mentioned above any is (that is, in conjunction with Fig. 5-Fig. 9) also can advantageously use in the mode shown in Figure 10.In each case, thereby all be to make the rotation in himself plane of described plate that described prismatic structures 5 is inclined relative to horizontal, and increase described angle T to guarantee when the sun is in its minimum elevation angle, to collect solar energy.
Suppose also that in the above description described plate 2 is vertical.But, this structure also can be for example works with a kind of non-perpendicular orientation on oblique (slope) top in a house or as the part of a ground collector arrays, and compares still with traditional plane, the non-motion tracking solar plate of optimum orientation orientation some advantages can be provided with one.Described optimum orientation is the direction of the mean place (being considered as the position of sun of noon on spring (autumn) branch) of the sun, and a kind of plate 25 that is orientated and indicates with numeral 26 sun mean place in such a way has been shown among Figure 11.In 50 ° in latitude, it is 40 ° for the optimum target elevation angle of plate 25.A kind of type as shown in Figure 1, use and the structure of orientation in such a way at this latitude, if it is to be used for receiving from the minimum angles radiation of the sun (promptly, radiation from the sun in December), so for the same area of barrier-layer cell, the collected solar energy of this structure will be a surface plate 2 times of collected solar energy in a year.And it is more constant that described net gain can keep in 1 year.In lower target elevation (promptly, less than 40 °), structure collected solar energy in 1 year by the sort of type shown in Figure 1 will further be increased, but bigger variation occurs at this Nian Zhonghui, and can obtain in the winter time to be maximum gain with respect to traditional template shown in Figure 11 25.Any other plate of describing in conjunction with Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 also can use with a kind of non-perpendicular orientation hereinbefore.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 show other modification of structure shown in Figure 1.In fact platy structure 27 shown in Figure 12 comprises only prismatic structures as shown in Figure 1.In this case, the geometry of described structure is selected can directly arrive described barrier-layer cell 8 with at least a portion that guarantees the radiation that 6 reflections come from the plane, and another part can after carrying out total internal reflection, frontal plane 3 places arrive described solar cell.Structure shown in Figure 12 comprises a series of single prismatic structures 27, and the structure and the adjacent structure of type assemble mutually to form a bigger plate as shown in figure 11 for each.Be understandable that other prismatic structures of any that describe in conjunction with Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 also can be used with Figure 12 and mode shown in Figure 13 hereinbefore.
Any plate structure as described above all can be in turn laminated to a transparent panel in the mode shown in Fig. 8 (a).Described transparent panel needs not to be the window in the building, but can be for example can protect described plate in order to avoid be subjected to ambient influnence or the generation physical damage when it being used in one when exposing in the occasion.
In the above description of being done in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, suppose that the radiant energy gatherer is the form that is barrier-layer cell.But, also can adopt the energy harvester of other form, comprise the heat collection device.For example, Figure 14 shows the sort of plate structure shown in Fig. 1, and wherein, barrier-layer cell 8 is substituted by some heat collector 28.If described plate is a molded structure, then described collecting pipe 28 can be packed in molding process.Described collecting pipe 28 can contain water or other suitable fluid to transmit heat, and perhaps they can be some heat pipes (that is the pipes that transmit heat by the evaporation repeatedly and the condensation of fluid).
In the above description that the plate that comprises a plurality of prismatic structures is done, suppose described each prismatic be identical.But it is directed to the various mechanisms of each gatherer 8,28 in the described plate with radiation if still there is mat, and this is just optional.It is plane accurately that the frontal plane 3 of described plate also needn't be: in some cases, may wish to make described plate to have a frontal plane that is made into a fixed structure (though in proportion will significantly less than back plane 4), for example to reduce the radiation loss that takes place by partial reflection at the frontal plane place.In some cases, may also wish to give whole plate curvature to a certain degree, for example the curvature with a plane (such as the outer facade of a building) that described plate is mounted thereto is complementary.Described curvature can be along level and/or vertical direction.
Claims (34)
1. structure that is used for collecting radiant energy, it comprises that one has the plate of material of one first first type surface and opposed second first type surface, radiant energy can pass described first first type surface and enter described plate, described second first type surface have certain profile and comprise that at least one is long and narrow, prismatic structure substantially, its part comprises a reflecting surface facing to described plate, its another part comprises a radiant energy gatherer, it is characterized in that, described prismatic structures is shaped to and can makes:
(i) see through a part of radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate from described reflecting surface reflection directly to impinge upon on the described radiant energy gatherer;
(ii) see through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate and reflect, after the described first first type surface place experiences total internal reflection of described plate, to impinge upon on the described radiant energy gatherer from described reflecting surface;
(iii) seeing through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate directly impinges upon on the described radiant energy gatherer;
And at least a portion of described reflecting surface has the shape or the corresponding shape basic with it of the part of a parabolic reflector, and this shape is configured to make all radiant energy on the described shaped portion that is incident on described reflecting surface can directly reflex to described radiant energy gatherer.
2. structure that is used for collecting radiant energy, it comprises that one has the plate of material of one first first type surface and opposed second first type surface, radiant energy can pass described first first type surface and enter described plate, described second first type surface has certain profile and comprises a plurality of long and narrow, prismatic structures substantially, the part of each described prismatic structures comprises a reflecting surface facing to described plate, another part of each described prismatic structures comprises a radiant energy gatherer, it is characterized in that described prismatic structures is shaped to and can makes:
(i) see through a part of radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate from described reflecting surface reflection directly to impinge upon on each radiant energy gatherer;
(ii) see through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate and reflect, after the described first first type surface place experiences total internal reflection of described plate, to impinge upon on one of them a little radiant energy gatherer of described each radiant energy gatherer from described reflecting surface;
(iii) seeing through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate directly impinges upon on described each radiant energy gatherer;
And at least a portion of each described reflecting surface has the shape or the corresponding shape basic with it of the part of a parabolic reflector, and this shape is configured to make all radiant energy on the described shaped portion that is incident on described reflecting surface can directly reflex to the described radiant energy gatherer of described each prismatic structures.
3. structure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described each prismatic structures is identical basically, and is provided with abreast each other.
4. as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that another part of the described reflecting surface of described/each prismatic structures is a plane reflecting surface.
5. as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, the shaped portion of the described reflecting surface of described/each prismatic structures comprises a plurality of mutual plane inclined shape reflectings surface, and described a plurality of plane reflectings surface form the basic corresponding shape of a part with a parabolic reflector.
6. structure as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the described reflecting surface of described/each prismatic structures forms one first plane of described prismatic structures, described relevant radiant energy gatherer be positioned at one with second plane of the shaped portion adjacency of described reflecting surface.
7. structure as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described second plane of described/each prismatic structures is positioned perpendicular to described first first type surface of described plate.
8. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that, each reflecting surface includes one and directly contacts or adjacent reflectorized material with described each prismatic structures.
9. structure that is used for collecting radiant energy, it comprises that one has the plate of material of one first first type surface and opposed second first type surface, radiant energy can pass described first first type surface and enter described plate, described second first type surface has certain profile and comprise a plurality of structures long and narrow, that be prismatic and extend in parallel substantially each other substantially above described plate, the part of each described prismatic structures comprises a reflecting surface facing to described plate, and another part comprises a radiant energy gatherer;
It is characterized in that described prismatic structures is shaped to and can makes:
(i) see through a part of radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate from described reflecting surface reflection directly to impinge upon on each radiant energy gatherer;
(ii) see through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate and reflect, after the described first first type surface place experiences total internal reflection of described plate, to impinge upon on one of them a little radiant energy gatherer of described each radiant energy gatherer from described reflecting surface;
(iii) seeing through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate directly impinges upon on described each radiant energy gatherer;
And described plate is in geographic direction its maximum elevation facing to one except the sun in the direction, and is positioned to such an extent that described each prismatic structures is extended along a direction that tilts with described horizontal direction.
10. structure as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, each reflecting surface all forms first plane of described each prismatic structures, and described relevant radiant energy gatherer is positioned in second plane of an adjacency.
11. structure as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described first and second planes are plane planes, and tilt to be 90 ° each other.
12. structure as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described second plane is positioned perpendicular to described first first type surface of described plate.
13., it is characterized in that each reflecting surface includes one and directly contacts with each prismatic structures or the reflectorized material of adjacency as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 9 to 12.
14. structure as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described reflecting surface is positioned at described each prismatic structures rear and separates with it towards a direction away from described first first type surface of described plate.
15. as claim 9 or 10 described structures, it is characterized in that, at least a portion of each reflecting surface has the shape or the corresponding shape basic with it of the part of a parabolic reflector, and this shape is configured to make all radiant energy on the described shaped portion that is incident on described reflecting surface can directly reflex to the radiant energy gatherer of each prismatic structures.
16. structure that is used for collecting radiant energy, it comprises that one has the plate of material of one first first type surface and opposed second first type surface, radiant energy can pass described first first type surface and enter described plate, described second first type surface have certain profile and comprise that at least one is long and narrow, prismatic structure substantially, the part of described prismatic structures comprises a radiant energy gatherer, it is characterized in that described prismatic structures is shaped to and can makes:
(i) see through a part of radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate and directly pass described plate;
(ii) see through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate directly or after the described second first type surface place experiences total internal reflection of described plate, impinge upon on the described radiant energy gatherer.
17. structure that is used for collecting radiant energy, it comprises that one has the plate of material of one first first type surface and opposed second first type surface, radiant energy can pass described first first type surface and enter described plate, described second first type surface has certain profile and comprises a plurality of long and narrow, prismatic structures substantially, the part of each prismatic structures comprises a radiant energy gatherer, it is characterized in that described prismatic structures is shaped to and can makes:
(i) see through a part of radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate and directly pass described plate;
(ii) see through another part radiant energy that described first first type surface enters described plate directly or after the described second first type surface place experiences total internal reflection of described plate, impinge upon on the described radiant energy gatherer.
18. structure as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described each prismatic structures is identical substantially, and is provided with abreast each other.
19., it is characterized in that described/each prismatic structures that described plate is oriented to is extended with the direction of horizontal direction inclination along one as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 18.
20., it is characterized in that described/each prismatic structures comprises a pair of mutual plane inclined as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 19, one of them plane comprises relevant radiant energy gatherer.
21. structure as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, described mutual plane inclined inclines towards each other into 90 °.
22. as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 21, it is characterized in that described plate is positioned at the place ahead on a surface, can make an observer who is positioned at described first first type surface the place ahead see through described plate thus and can see described surface.
23. structure as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described surface comprises the diagram that some can be seen through described plate.
24., it is characterized in that the energy of being collected by described radiant energy gatherer is used to generating to illuminate described surface as claim 22 or the described structure of claim 23.
25., it is characterized in that described plate is positioned on the inner surface of a window as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 21.
26. as the described structure of arbitrary claim in the claim 16 to 25, it is characterized in that, it comprises that one is positioned near second plate second first type surface of the described plate of mentioning first, and the surface that is positioned near described second plate second first type surface of the described plate of mentioning first has a profile complementary with it.
27. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that, described radiant energy gatherer comprises a barrier-layer cell or a heat collection device.
28. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that described plate is made by a kind of polymeric material.
29. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that described plate comprises a molded assembly.
30. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that described first first type surface is plane.
31. the described structure of arbitrary as described above claim is characterized in that, described plate is oriented to make described first first type surface vertical substantially.
32. one kind such as claim 1 or 2 requirement, consult Fig. 5 in the accompanying drawing or Fig. 6 describes and illustrated structure basically.
33. one kind such as claim 9 requirement, consult one of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 in the accompanying drawing or Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10 and describe and illustrated structure basically with reference to Figure 10.
34. one kind such as claim 16 or 17 requirement, the Fig. 7 (b) in conjunction with the accompanying drawings or Fig. 8 (a) or Fig. 8 (b) or Fig. 9 describe and illustrated structure basically.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9913466.0A GB9913466D0 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Panel-like structure for collecting radiant energy |
| GB9913466.0 | 1999-06-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1354828A true CN1354828A (en) | 2002-06-19 |
Family
ID=10855055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00808694A Pending CN1354828A (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2000-06-08 | Panel-like structure for collecting radiant energy |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1185829A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003502843A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1354828A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5471800A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0011397A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9913466D0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01012586A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000077458A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102272948A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2011-12-07 | 毕达哥拉斯太阳公司 | Solar radiation collector |
| CN103155176A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2013-06-12 | 森普留斯公司 | Photovoltaic devices with off-axis image display |
| CN105283621A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2016-01-27 | 特罗皮格拉斯科技有限公司 | A spectrally selective panel |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7270870B2 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2007-09-18 | Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Multi-layer polymer film |
| US7804021B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-09-28 | Lintec Corporation | Light transmissible solar cell module, process for manufacturing same, and solar cell panel thereof |
| CN102027183A (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2011-04-20 | 摩根阳光公司 | Solar panel window |
| WO2011048595A2 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Pythagoras Solar Inc. | Window |
| DE102010007763A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 80686 | Photovoltaic device and its use |
| KR20130084694A (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2013-07-25 | 생-고뱅 퍼포먼스 플라스틱스 코포레이션 | Adhesive film for bushings |
| DE102012102752A1 (en) | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-27 | Kaustik-Solar Gmbh | Apparatus and method for photovoltaic absorption of incident light |
| JP6304768B2 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2018-04-04 | 合同会社 Ｈｏｌｏｍｅｄｉａ | Condensing mechanism, solar power generation device and window structure |
| DE102014208237A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Concentrator photovoltaic module with variable display, arrangement of a plurality of such concentrator photovoltaic modules and method for operating the concentrator photovoltaic module |
| JP7036587B2 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2022-03-15 | 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 | Solar energy utilization device |
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| AU522513B2 (en) * | 1977-06-24 | 1982-06-10 | Unisearch Limited | Solar concentrator & radiation distributor |
| US4235643A (en) | 1978-06-30 | 1980-11-25 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Solar cell module |
| DE2907424A1 (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1980-08-28 | Eberhard Floegel | Light concentrator for solar panel - has internal reflectors to transmit light from large input area to small focussing panel |
| US4313023A (en) | 1979-02-28 | 1982-01-26 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Solar cell module |
| IT1150272B (en) | 1982-03-11 | 1986-12-10 | Siv Soc Italiana Vetro | PRISM REFRACTOR SUITABLE FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR ENERGY, ON AN APPROPRIATE COLLECTION PLAN, REMAINING IN A FIXED POSITION OVER TIME |
| SU1089365A1 (en) | 1982-10-28 | 1984-04-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Проектно-Конструкторский И Технологический Институт Источников Тока | Solar radiation concentrator |
| JPS62266879A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-11-19 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Solar energy conversion panel |
| DE3718844A1 (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-12-22 | Koester Helmut | Device for supplying and simultaneously acquiring solar energy |
| US5646397A (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1997-07-08 | Unisearch Limited | Optical design for photo-cell |
| JPH06275859A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-30 | Omron Corp | Condensing device for solar cell |
| US5419782A (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1995-05-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Array of solar cells having an optically self-aligning, output-increasing, ambient-protecting coating |
| US5882774A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1999-03-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical film |
| JP2568983B2 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1997-01-08 | 信号器材株式会社 | High-intensity pattern light-emitting display device using back-incident light method |
| US5466301A (en) | 1994-06-29 | 1995-11-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Solar cell having an output-increasing, protective cover |
| US6080467A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | High efficiency optical devices |
-
1999
- 1999-06-10 GB GBGB9913466.0A patent/GB9913466D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-08 CN CN00808694A patent/CN1354828A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-08 BR BR0011397-2A patent/BR0011397A/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-06-08 EP EP00939665A patent/EP1185829A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-08 JP JP2001503470A patent/JP2003502843A/en active Pending
- 2000-06-08 MX MXPA01012586A patent/MXPA01012586A/en unknown
- 2000-06-08 WO PCT/US2000/015726 patent/WO2000077458A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-08 AU AU54718/00A patent/AU5471800A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102272948A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2011-12-07 | 毕达哥拉斯太阳公司 | Solar radiation collector |
| CN103155176A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2013-06-12 | 森普留斯公司 | Photovoltaic devices with off-axis image display |
| CN105283621A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2016-01-27 | 特罗皮格拉斯科技有限公司 | A spectrally selective panel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000077458A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| JP2003502843A (en) | 2003-01-21 |
| MXPA01012586A (en) | 2002-06-21 |
| EP1185829A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
| AU5471800A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
| BR0011397A (en) | 2002-03-05 |
| GB9913466D0 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
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