CN1352731A - A wind power plant and a method for control - Google Patents
A wind power plant and a method for control Download PDFInfo
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- CN1352731A CN1352731A CN99816679A CN99816679A CN1352731A CN 1352731 A CN1352731 A CN 1352731A CN 99816679 A CN99816679 A CN 99816679A CN 99816679 A CN99816679 A CN 99816679A CN 1352731 A CN1352731 A CN 1352731A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/44—Control of frequency and voltage in predetermined relation, e.g. constant ratio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
- H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
- H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
Abstract
A wind power plant comprising at least one wind power station, which includes a turbine and an electric generator driven by this wind turbine, and an electric alternating voltage connection connecting the wine power station with a transmission or distribution network. On the network side of the plant a frequency converter is connected in the electrical alternating voltage connection, which frequency converter is arranged to fix the frequency of the connection between the wind power station and the converter to be essentially below the network frequency and to convert this low frequency of the connection into correspondence with the higher frequency of the network. Furthermore, the invention comprises a corresponding method for control.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a wind power plant that comprises at least one wind power station, this wind power station comprises a wind turbine, a generator that is driven by this wind turbine is connected with an electric alternating voltage that is used to be connected this wind power station and a transmission network or distribution network.The invention still further relates to one and be used for the method controlled in this wind power plant.
The present invention preferably is applicable to some situations like this, and wherein the connection between generator and transmission or distribution network comprises a water-immersed cable of plan.Therefore, in other words, it relates generally to this application, and one of them or several turbo machine plan to be placed in sea or the lake with relevant generator, and wherein this cable connecting arrangement extends to transmission or the distribution network that is positioned over the land.Even the present invention's advantage subsequently is mainly concerned with turbo machine and is placed on situation in sea or lake; yet; the present invention can also refer to be placed on the land and this connection set is used to be connected the situation of several like this turbine/generator and transmission or distribution network at turbo machine and generator; wherein this connection set needs not to be cable, and can be the form with antenna or cable.
Background of invention and prior art
When requiring that wind-driven generator is placed on when marine, make a large amount of groups wind power stations be placed in the limited zone in order to obtain the Economy in project.The wind power plant of sea base requires relatively large wind power station (3MW and more than) and expects to have a suitable overall system power 50-100MW.So far, the plan of this wind field has been susceptible to the transmission of this electric energy in advance and will be transmitted by the traditional Ac in the three-phase alternating voltage submarine cable system and realize.In this case, this generator three phase induction generator always almost.Though shown example is the synchronous generator that is directly connected to this network, but as a principle, this can cause installing between generator and engine housings to weaken because the mechanical type spring suspension of the load of the variable power that the variation characteristic of wind load causes.This machinery performance that depends on the dynamic characteristic of synchronous generator rotor is similar to a fact that abuts against a spring on the rigidity AC voltage network, thereby an induction generator shows a similar damper.The conventional asynchronous generator of a 3MW can suppose for the voltage of 3-6kV made and voltage is risen in the first step with one, let us says that the transformer of 24kV is in series.In wind power plant, can dispose a central transformer that further voltage is risen to 130kV with 30-40 wind power station.The advantage of this system is cheap and does not require complicated subtense angle.Its shortcoming partly be technical in the high-voltage alternating cable degree of difficulty of long-range transmission energy.This depends on the fact that cable produces capacitive reaction energy, and this will increase length.Electric current by conductor and cable shield increases to such an extent that make this cable not realize on long distance ground so greatly.Other shortcomings are that the wind load that changes causes the voltage change on transmission line, and this voltage change can influence the power consumer that connects nearby.This specifically be applicable to if this network for " weak ", the situation when promptly this network has a low short-circuit power.Because with the above-mentioned technical problem of long cable transmission distance dependent, a people may be forced to this wind field is connected to the network of " weak ".According to certain introduction, voltage change can not surpass 4%.The different worlds has different regulations, and in principle, these are defined in the more low level situation of transmission line and are alleviated.The variation of voltage also may must differently be treated according to the time lag.Voltage change causes " flicker " fast, and promptly the light in electroluminescent lamp changes, and it is adjusted in principle.
A solution that relates to above-mentioned long cable distance problem of the present invention is that high-voltage dc voltage comes electric energy transmitting.This cable can directly be pulled to a strong network.Another advantage is that this DC transmission has one than the lower loss of AC transmission.See that by technological standpoint this cable distance can be unlimited.A HVDC link comprises a converting plant, a transmission line (cable or antenna), a reverse converter station (inverter station) and a wave filter that is used for removing the harmonic components that produces in transfer process.In the modification of an older HVDC link, a thermistor (thyristor) is used to rectification and reverse conversion.This thermistor can conducting, but can not disconnect: this connection occurs in the zero crossing place of voltage, and this determines by alternating voltage, and that therefore this transformer is called as line is logical.The shortcoming of this technology is that transformer consumes the reaction energy and causes current harmonics, and this current harmonics is issued in network.In a more modern VDC solution, IGBT:s is used to the thermistor in the instead of transformers.IGBT (grid of insulation and bipolar transistor) can conducting and disconnection and have high switching frequency further.This means that this transformer can produce according to a diverse principle, so-called from being communicated with transformer.In a word, the advantage that is communicated with transformer certainly is that they can discharge and consume the reaction energy, if a little less than this makes that a network is, then the active compensation at the voltage level of network one end is called possibility.Therefore, this makes such transformer be better than older technology in the network facet that can be connected to more close wind energy.High exchange frequency also causes comparing with older HVDC the minimizing of harmonic problem.Yet shortcoming is that loss and the price in this transformer station is all higher.This is communicated with transformer certainly and is characterised in that this voltage is set up by a fast pulse figure, and this pulse pattern is produced by this transformer.Difference between this pulse pattern and sinusoidal network voltage is the induction of network one end.This has two classes from being communicated with reverse converter: a voltage stable (stiff), VSI (voltage source reverse converter) and a current stabilization, CSI (current source reverse converter), have some different features between them a little, hold VSI to have the best power adjustments factor at DC at least with a capacitor.
There have been some uses to make up the experimental wind power station of the technology of HVDC principle, but owing to diverse reason, promptly in order to realize a variable rotational speed of different wind power stations.In low pressure, be generally 400 or during the 600V level, the generator of wind power station disconnect via the DC link with being connected of network.Provide energy gain in the variable rotational speed on the turbo machine when it causes the variation of rotational speed can be used to eliminate the fast power pulse usually, this pulse causes " flash of light ".Yet, the variable power that it is surely not slow, this is intrinsic in the characteristic of wind load.The inertia motion of this turbo machine can be said to function to be an intermediate store of kinergety.In this system, a synchronous generator does not relate to any shortcoming, and relates to an advantage, because this induction generator requires a more expensive and more complicated rectifier.If wish to have the generator of a direct drive and therefore eliminate gear unit essential between turbo machine and generator, generator must be synchronous, because it will dispose many like this utmost points.In other words, the generator of a direct drive requires the link between the DC.Conceptive, if use controlled rectifier, also have the seedbed and adjust this motion by changing the triggering angle.Have in the notion of variable rotational speed at majority, the active rotational speed control of an outside is provided by a so-called pitch (pitch) control, this means that the blade angle on turbo machine is changed.According to the shortcoming of a variable rotational speed of correlative principle is the price of the power electronics devices that requires of speed and further to keep this afloat power electronics devices be difficult and with high costs.
Goal of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to realize; deviate from mutually connecting with above-mentioned VDC; connect in specific continental rise transmission of a specific sea base wind field and or the alternating voltage between the distribution network; it is connected comparing of being provided with traditional alternating voltage; have than longer transmission distance with than the low-loss possibility, and produced one simultaneously and operate with a variable rotational speed and need not any possibility of all exposing power electronics devices in overseas.Because all maintenances that at sea take place are all expensive and be difficult to operate.Another object of the present invention is that the same good adjusting probability relevant with reaction power that provided with the HVDC system in modern times is provided.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention mainly is to be implemented in one of them frequency converter to be connected to one under the situation that the electric alternating voltage of generating field network-side connects, and this frequency converter is arranged to be converted to the high frequency of this network corresponding in the low frequency that is lower than network basically and will connect the fixed-frequency of the connection between wind power station and transformer.Therefore so-called " in the network-side of generating field " refer to that this frequency converter is positioned at relatively near transmitting or the distribution network place, thus the major component of this connection between frequency converter and wind power station, extend, for example with the form of underground cable.Therefore, this means that the transmission in connection takes place with low frequency substantially, and therefore is connected and compares, produce a relative more precondition of longer transmission distance and lower loss with the conventional AC voltage of network with rule.Usually the network that produces is the level of 50-60Hz.If the network during the alternating voltage between rate transformer and wind power station connects for example be 10Hz, the capacity current in a cable with for five times of minimizings for voltage identical in the 50Hz network.This means the distance that for example can connect five double-lengths with underground cable.
An advantage of the invention is that this frequency converter often is positioned near transmission or distribution network, promptly usually on the ground, this has reduced maintenance and monitoring expense significantly and has reduced the interval of service disruption in the situation of damage.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the several wind power stations with induction generator interconnect with this alternating voltage connection set.The size that the suitable frequency of this alternating voltage connection set and voltage depend on wind field and with the distance on land, but for the 50MW wind field, the 10-20Hz frequency under 130kV is fit to.
According to one embodiment of present invention, this frequency converter comprises a VDC intermediate line link with an AC/DC transformer and a reverse converter configuration.This makes it a variable frequency and a variable voltage can be used for this low-frequency ac voltage connection set.Particularly, preferably a DC/DC transformer is included in the middle connection set of this VDC.Even in a preferred embodiment, the valve in frequency converter (valve) comprises the IGBT:s that is connected in series, and the valve of other types also can use.Also have, the frequency converter of other types also can use with the present invention, for example commutator transformer, be also referred to as " wheel type transformer ", it lacks a VDC link, also has the frequency converter of the other types except static transformer, promptly also has the speed transducer.According to the present invention, will mention in more detail that below generator one end that at least one transformer can be positioned in this connection is used for voltage decreases to a suitable generator voltage level that the alternating voltage in the middle of generator and frequency converter is connected.At this, the generator of each generation can dispose the transformer of himself, replenishes and replaces as it in addition, can dispose one for the general transformer of all generators.Therefore, this generator makes and the voltage in this alternating voltage connects may be increased to one than the presumable higher voltage levvl of conventional electric generators.A shortcoming of this transformer is that they mean an extra cost and make the total efficiency of system reduce.They also mean catch fire dangerous and because they comprise transformer oil, this transformer oil may leak under damage or ruined situation, so also mean the danger of environmental pollution.
Along with the generator techniques of today relevant, can produce the generator that to handle 10kV, but wish to handle its higher voltage with the wind power station.In addition, the traditional insulation technology that is used for staor winding is for temperature, the variation sensitivity of humidity and salinity, and these are the environmental factors that wind turbine generator exposed.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, solid-state insulation is used at least one winding in generator, and this insulation is preferably implemented according to claim 14 subsequently.This winding more specifically has the feature of a high voltage cable.The generator of producing produces the precondition of a realization than the higher relatively voltage of conventional electric generators in this way.In addition, this insulation system in this winding means that for salinity humidity and variation of temperature are insensitive.High output voltage means that transformer can be left out fully, this means the shortcoming that can avoid this transformer above-mentioned.
Generator with this winding that is formed by cable can easily be realized so the softness of this winding cable means this linearize work by in the wire casing that this cable linearize (threading) is formed in stator for this purpose.
Two semiconductor layers of this insulation system have a potential compensation function and have therefore reduced the danger of surface heat.Internal semiconductive layer will with the electric conductor that is positioned at this layer inner face, or the contact of its partially conductive ground is to obtain identical therewith current potential.This interior layer closely is fixed on the solid-state insulation position that is positioned at this layer outside and this also is suitable for outside semiconductive layer is fixed on this fixed insulation.This outside semiconductive layer is included in electric field in this solid-state insulation.
In order to guarantee that when the temperature variation, keeping between semiconductor layer and solid-state insulation is bonding, this semiconductor layer and this solid-state sterilization have essentially identical thermal expansion coefficient.
Outside semiconductive layer at insulation system is connected to earth potential or a relatively low current potential.
In order to realize very high-tension generator, this generator have above-mentioned and with the visibly different several characteristic of conventional art.Several characteristic will be limited and discussed subsequently by dependent claims in addition.
The above-mentioned feature of this generator and other essential characteristics and therefore according to an embodiment of the invention wind power plant be characterised in that:
-winding in this magnetic circuit is made by a cable with one or several permanent insulated electric conductor, at this conductor with should have a semiconductor layer outside the solid-state insulation.Typical this cable can have the insulation of the polyethylene or the ethene-prpene of a crosslink, and the insulation that is used for this purpose is also had the feature of insulation system to be developed by the support with respect to electric conductor.
-cable with a circular cross section is preferred, but the cable with other sectional shapes also can use to realize better packaging density.
-this cable makes when considering wire casing and tooth (tooth), can design a kind of laminated magnetic core of magnetic circuit with new and the best approach.
-favourable, winding is to make with an insulation that increases step by step that is used for the best realization of folded core.
-favourable, this winding is made as a concentric cable winding, and this makes and can reduce the number that coil end intersects.
The sectional shape that the folded core shape of-this wire casing is suitable for this winding cable makes that this wire casing is the form of a plurality of cylinder type perforates, these perforates be by other each extroversion vertically and/or radially extend and have a compression of between each layer of staor winding, advancing.
The shape of-this wire casing is suitable for the cross-section of cable shape of being discussed and is suitable for the thickness of change step by step of the sterilization of this winding.This insulation that changes step by step make magnetic core can have one with radially extend the irrelevant substantially invariable facewidth.
-above-mentionedly consider that further developing of support (stand) means and comprise a plurality of 6 together layers that brought to that promptly this winding conductor of Jue Yuan strand needn't be put upside down with being corrected, on-insulated each other and insulate.
-above-mentionedly consider that further developing of outside semiconductive layer means that outside semiconductive layer is cut along cable length at suitable point, and each cut partial-length is directly connected to earth potential.
The use of the above-mentioned type cable makes the hole length of outside semiconductive layer of this cable, and other parts of this power station can be maintained at earth potential.Important advantage be electric field externally the end turn location of semiconductor layer extroversion be close to zero.Because the earth potential on the semiconductor layer externally, this electric field needn't be controlled.This means at magnetic core with in end turn and the transition portion between them and will not produce concentrating of field.
The insulation that is packaged together and/or on-insulated strand, or the mixing of the strand of transpose causes low eddy current loss.Conductive region of outer dia that this cable can have for the 10-40mm magnitude has 10-200mm
2Magnitude.
In addition, the present invention includes a method that is used for controlling the operation of a wind power plant according to follow-up claim.
The accompanying drawing summary
Accompanying drawing with reference to follow-up will provide a more approaching description of embodiments of the invention with example forms below:
Fig. 1 is the schematic axial end view drawing of the part of stator in the generator in wind power plant according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the end view drawing of the part cutting of a cable that uses in according to staor winding shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is a cut-away section schematic representation according to an embodiment of wind-driven generator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic representation according to the embodiment of wind power plant of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a same schematic representation that another embodiment of this generating field is shown.
Fig. 6 be with the similar modification figure of Fig. 5 and
Fig. 7 illustrates a possibility embodiment of the frequency converter that is included in this generating field.
Detailed description of preferred embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-3, at first show the design of preferred generator 1 in one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic axial figure of a part of passing stator 2.The rotor of generator is called as 3.This stator 2 is formed by laminated magnetic core with a kind of traditional approach.Fig. 1 has shown the part of the generator that corresponds to a hole wheelbase.A plurality of teeth 5 by being positioned at diametrically that the outmost yoke of this magnetic core part radially extends to rotor 3 inwards and these teeth 5 by a wire casing separately, wherein be placed with staor winding.The cable 7 that forms this staor winding is high voltage cable, it basically with those cables that in power division, uses, promptly PEX-cable (PEX=crosslink polyethylene) type is identical.Difference is the PVC layer of this exterior mechanical formula protection and is eliminated around the metallic shield of this power division cable usually, makes to be used for that cable of the present invention only comprises an electric conductor and at least one semi-conductive layer on each end of an isolation layer.Schematically illustrated cable 7 among Fig. 1 has wherein only shown the conduction middle body of each cable section or coil-end.It demonstrates the cross section part that each wire casing 6 has the variation of a narrow part 9 of wide part 8 republicanisms with colloid.Wide part 8 is circular and centers on cable that the waist between wide part forms a narrow part 9 basically.This waist is used for radially fixing the position of each root cable.It is narrower that the cross-section radial of wire casing 6 inwardly becomes.This is that then their voltage is low more because of the radially penetrale of these cable sections the closer to stator 1.Therefore, thinner cable can be used in inside, and thicker cable can be required more the outside some.In illustrative example, use the cable that has three different scales and be arranged in corresponding three yardstick parts 10,11,12.The winding 13 that is used for auxiliary power is arranged at the outermost of wire casing 6.
Fig. 2 shows an end view drawing of cutting step by step that is used for the high voltage cable of generator.This high voltage cable 7 comprises one or several electric conductor, and each electric conductor comprises a plurality of strands 15, and these strands have provided the section of a circle together.These conductors for example can be that copper is made.These conductors 14 can be arranged at the middle part of high voltage cable 7 and in the embodiment shown, each conductor can be centered on by the insulation 16 of part.Yet, can be omitted in a minor insulation on the conductor 14.In the embodiment shown, conductor 14 is centered on by semi-conductive layer 17.Around this semi-conductive layer 17, an isolation layer 18 is arranged.For example be the PEX insulation, this isolation layer 18 is centered on by one second semi-conductive layer 19 successively.Therefore, the notion of " high voltage cable " must comprise any metallic shield or such any outer protection layer in this application, and they are usually around a power division cable.
A magnetic circuit wind power station that has with reference to type that Fig. 1 and 2 describes shown in Figure 3.This generator 1 is driven via an axle by a wind turbine 20.Even this generator 1 can directly be driven by turbo machine 20, promptly the rotor of generator is rotated on the axle that is fixedly connected to turbo machine 20.At this can be gear drive 22 between turbo machine 20 and generator.For example, this can be made of single-stage plane gear drive, its objective is in order to change the rotational speed of generator with respect to the turbo machine rotational speed.The stator 2 of this generator loads this staor winding, and this winding can constitute as described above.This cable 7 can be drawn out of and through a cable splice point by entering a band sheath cable 24.
In Fig. 4 that this wind power plant broadly is shown, two wind power stations that are connected in parallel 29 are shown, each power station has a generator.This generator has a field winding 26 and (or several) auxiliary power winding 27.In the illustrated embodiment, generator be the Y type connect and neutral point via respective impedance 28 ground connection.
In Fig. 4, two wind power stations that comprise generator 1 and (not shown) wind turbine are generally by shown in the numeral 29.An electric alternating voltage connection 30 is connected to transmission or distribution network 31 with these two wind-driven generators 29.This network is a three-phase type at this.The normal frequency of this network is 50 or 60Hz.This connection 30 comprises, along 32 parts that identified, plans water-immersed cable 33.Yet,, it is also conceivable that one or several antenna/cable except being dipped into the cable in the water.This part 32 in fact can be very big.
Network-side in this power station, a frequency converter 34 is connected to electric alternating voltage and connects on 30, and this frequency converter is arranged being converted to the corresponding frequencies with network 31 higher frequencies for the low frequency that is lower than the frequency of network 31 substantially and will connect in the fixed-frequency of the connection between wind power station 29 and the transformer 34.
Describe by the front and can know and see that this generator 1 is exemplary asynchronous type.
In Fig. 4, circuit-breaker (circuit breaker) is configured between frequency converter 34 and the network 31, at each end of this circuit breaker many group decouplers (disconnector) is arranged respectively.
In according to embodiment shown in Figure 4, generator 1 is directly connected to frequency converter 34.This is because it is as above with reference to the described design of Fig. 1 and 2 that generator 1 is assumed to be, promptly can produce very high voltage.
In modification according to Fig. 5, it shown one for generator 1 public transformer 31, be arranged at for being connected in parallel a little between 35 of generator 1 and frequency converter 34, this transformer is planned to realize in the attachment portion between transformer and frequency converter 34 high voltage and realize a low relatively voltage between described transformer 38 and generator.This public transformer 38 is positioned at wind-power electricity generation one end of this connection 30, and promptly near wind power station 29, thereby the major component of feasible connection 30 is between transformer 38 and frequency converter 34.Transformer 38 can compatibly be prevented from the basis of wind power station 29 or may be on himself basis of strategic location.
Modification among Fig. 6 shows and corresponding another example in Fig. 5, is wherein arranged for each generator 1 at this except a special transformer.Therefore, this wind-power electricity generation stands in a little in 35 and is only interconnected after these transformers.In such an embodiment, can omit transformer 38, this closer is described with reference to Fig. 5.In addition, can also keep this transformer 38 so that in two-stage, be raised, promptly at first via transformer 39, then by common transformer 38 from the voltage of single wind power station.
Figure 7 illustrates the possible embodiment of frequency converter 34.It comprises that also one has an AC/DC transformer 40 and a reverse converter 41 at this.In the VDC intermediate line link, advantageously also comprise DC/DC transformer 42.This reverse converter 41 is that a voltage is stable from being communicated with reverse converter.On the DC of this reverse converter link, a capacitor is connected in parallel.The network impedance 44 of on the Ac pressure side of reverse converter 41 each in mutually is connected in series.
This reverse converter 41 is fit to comprise an IGBT45.
This AC/DC transformer can similar reverse converter 41 makes up and is connected in the network impedance of each AC end in mutually.This transformer 40 can comprise IGBT47.Has a capacitor in parallel 48 at the DC end with IGBT.
This power station has the device that is used to measure the active power that comes from wind power plant and is used to measure the device of existing wind speed.These measuring devices are connected to a control unit that is contained in the frequency converter 34, and this control unit comes the adjustment of control frequency according to main measured value.In this connected, this control unit can be arranged to corresponding to the frequency of controlling this connection 30 as the ideal characterisitics on the rotational speed of the wind turbine of function of wind speed.This FREQUENCY CONTROL can be identified as " slowly ".The rotational speed that it is based on this wind power station preferably increases to maximum rotative speed along with the increase of wind speed.By the knowledge for wind speed, connection 30 places are feasible can to guarantee best condition thereby a relatively slow FREQUENCY CONTROL often occurs in.
In addition, this control unit is arranged to by active power and the frequency of relatively coming control connection 30 as the desired characteristics on the rotational speed of function of wind speed to measured transmission.This FREQUENCY CONTROL can be designated " soon " usually.It can change by fast power manages and this for example can adjust and realize via the regeneration of the through-put power of DC link with PI, described with reference to Figure 7.
When the voltage of consideration in connection 30 is adjusted, this suitably implements in the simplest mode, makes this control unit can be arranged to control this frequency converter 34 and is connected a stable voltage/frequency ratio on the frequency range major component to keep this.
The present invention is not limited to described embodiment certainly.In case design of the present invention has been arranged, those skilled in the art can respective design and the several concrete modification of realization.This concrete modification and being equal in the scope that embodiment is included in attached claims.
Claims (34)
1. wind power plant, it comprises at least one wind power station (29), this power station comprises that a wind turbine (20) and one are by generator that this wind turbine drove, with one the wind power station is connected (30) with the electric alternating voltage that transmission or distribution network (31) are connected, it is characterized in that the alternating voltage that a frequency converter (34) is connected on the network-side of this power station connects on (30), this frequency converter is arranged to the fixed-frequency that is connected (30) in the middle of wind power station and transformer is converted to high frequency correspondent frequency with this network in the low frequency that is lower than this network substantially and will connect.
2. the wind power station of claim 1 is characterized in that this frequency converter (34) is arranged to change the frequency and the voltage of this connection.
3. claim 1 or 2 wind power station is characterized in that this frequency converter (34) is arranged to fixed-frequency with this connection (30) in 20Hz or lower, preferably in the middle of 2-20Hz.
4. the wind power station of claim 2 is characterized in that this frequency converter (34) is arranged to the voltage of this connection (30) is fixed to the middle value at 10-400Hz.
5. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that this frequency converter (34) comprises a VDC intermediate line link with an AC/DC transformer (40) and reverse converter (41).
6. the wind power station of claim 5 is characterized in that a DC/DC transformer (42) is included in this direct voltage intermediate line link.
7. claim 5 or 6 wind power station is characterized in that this reverse converter (41) is that a voltage is stable and has at least the electric capacity (43) and the DC link of this reverse converter to be in parallel from being communicated with reverse converter.
8. the wind power station of claim 7, it is characterized in that this network impedance (44) be connected on reverse converter (41) the Ac pressure side each mutually in.
9. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that valve in frequency converter (34) comprises the IGBT:s of series connection
10. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that some generators relevant with the wind turbine of corresponding number are interconnected by parallel connection at the generator end that connects (30).
11. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that this generator or generators are asynchronous type.
12. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that this wind turbine (20) is connected to generator (1) via a gear drive (22), this gear drive is single-stage plane gear drive preferably.
13. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim, wherein this generator (1) comprises at least one winding, it is characterized in that this winding disposes solid-state insulation (18).
14. the wind power station of claim 13, it is characterized in that this winding comprises an insulation system, this insulation system comprises at least two semi-conductive layers (17,19), this goes up equipotential surface each semi-conductive layer primordial, and this solid-state insulation (18) is between these semi-conductive layers.
15. the wind power station of claim 14 is characterized in that at least one semi-conductive layer (17,19) has and the identical thermal expansion coefficient of this solid-state insulation (18).
16. the wind power station of any one among the claim 13-15 is characterized in that this winding is formed by high voltage cable (7).
17. the wind power station of any one among the claim 14-16 is characterized in that this multilayered semiconductor penetralia has the current potential that equates with the electric conductor that is positioned at this layer inner face (14).
18. the wind power station of claim 17 is characterized in that of inside of these semi-conductive layers electrically contacts with this conductor (14) or its part.
19. the wind power station of any one among the claim 14-18 is characterized in that the outside one (19) of this semi-conductive layer is connected on the current potential that is fixed before.
20. the wind power station of claim 19 is characterized in that the current potential of being fixed is an earth potential or a low relatively current potential.
21. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that being used for the generator end that at least one transformer (38,39) that voltage with the connection between generator (1) and frequency converter (34) is transformed into a suitable generator voltage level downwards is arranged at this connection (30).
22. the wind power station of claim 21 is characterized in that this transducer (22) is public for the generator that is occurred.
23. the wind power station in the claim 21 is characterized in that arranging a specific transformer (39) for each generator.
24. the wind power station of any one among the claim 21-23, the generator that it is characterized in that each appearance has its oneself transformer (39), the primary side of this transformer (39) is connected to corresponding generator (1) and secondary end is parallel to the primary side of another transformer (38), and the secondary end of this transformer (38) is connected to this frequency converter (34).
25. the wind power station of claim 23 or 24 is characterized in that this transformer (38) is public for the several generators on the generator end that is arranged at this connection (30).
26. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that this connection (30) comprises that a plan is dipped into the cable (33) in the water, or one or several antenna or cable.
27. the wind power station of any one in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that it has a device and a device that is used to measure existing wind speed that is used to measure from the active power of wind power plant, these measuring devices be connected to be included in this frequency converter (34 (and in control unit, the adjustment that this control unit comes control frequency according to main measured value.
28. the wind power station of claim 27 is characterized in that this control unit is arranged to corresponding to the frequency of controlling this connection as the ideal characterisitics on the rotational speed of function of wind speed.
29. the wind power station of claim 27 or 28 is characterized in that this control unit (31) is arranged to by active power and the frequency of relatively coming control connection 30 as the desired characteristics on the rotational speed of function of wind speed to measured transmission.
30. the wind power station of any one among the claim 27-29 is characterized in that this control unit can be arranged to control this frequency converter 34 and be connected a stable voltage/frequency ratio on the frequency range major component to keep this.
31. method that is used to control wind power plant's running, this wind power plant comprises at least one wind power station, this power station comprises that a wind turbine and one are by generator that this wind turbine drove, be connected with an electric alternating voltage that the wind power station is connected with transmission or distribution network, it is characterized in that the alternating voltage that a frequency converter is connected on the network-side of this power station connects, by means of this frequency converter, the frequency that is connected in the middle of wind power station and transformer is fixed on and is lower than this network substantially, and the low frequency of this connection is converted into the high frequency correspondent frequency with this network.
32. the method for claim 31 is characterized in that the frequency of this connection is adjusted to a value by active power and the comparison as the desired characteristics on the rotational speed of function of wind speed to measured transmission.
33. the method for claim 31 or 32, the frequency that it is characterized in that this connection be by means of this frequency converter, based on the active power of measured transmission and one as the comparison of the desired characteristics on the rotational speed of function of wind speed and be adjusted.
34. the method for any one among the claim 31-33 is characterized in that the voltage in this connection is adjusted in such a way by means of this frequency converter, makes that can keep this is connected a stable voltage/frequency ratio on the frequency range major component.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE1999/000944 WO2000073652A1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | A wind power plant and a method for control |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1352731A true CN1352731A (en) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=20414868
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99816679A Pending CN1352731A (en) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | A wind power plant and a method for control |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1190176A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003501000A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1352731A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR024116A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU759174B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9917307A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2375067A1 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE200100629A (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01011953A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20015786L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL351025A1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200103401T2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW522202B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000073652A1 (en) |
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| CN1320743C (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2007-06-06 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Wind power generator system |
| CN100431236C (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2008-11-05 | 通用电气公司 | Voltage control for wind generators |
| CN100449904C (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2009-01-07 | 通用电气公司 | Method for operating frequence converter of a generator |
| CN100459364C (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2009-02-04 | 通用电气公司 | Wind farm and method for operating same |
| CN101950981A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-01-19 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Wind power station access method and device based on low-frequency transmission and high-voltage direct current transmission |
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| DE20001864U1 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2000-04-20 | Siemens AG, 80333 München | Wind turbine group with at least two wind turbines |
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| DE102017114309A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-03 | Innogy Se | WIND ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REGULATING A WIND POWER PLANT |
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| EP0033847B1 (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1985-05-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine set with a generator providing a constant-frequency mains supply |
| DE4438186A1 (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1996-05-02 | Abb Management Ag | Operation of sync electrical machine mechanically coupled to gas-turbine |
| FR2760492B1 (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2001-11-09 | Jeumont Ind | ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH A WIND TURBINE |
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1999
- 1999-05-28 EE EEP200100629A patent/EE200100629A/en unknown
- 1999-05-28 BR BR9917307-7A patent/BR9917307A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-28 WO PCT/SE1999/000944 patent/WO2000073652A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-28 AU AU49390/99A patent/AU759174B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-28 MX MXPA01011953A patent/MXPA01011953A/en unknown
- 1999-05-28 PL PL99351025A patent/PL351025A1/en unknown
- 1999-05-28 JP JP2001500117A patent/JP2003501000A/en active Pending
- 1999-05-28 EP EP99933321A patent/EP1190176A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-05-28 TR TR2001/03401T patent/TR200103401T2/en unknown
- 1999-05-28 CA CA002375067A patent/CA2375067A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-28 CN CN99816679A patent/CN1352731A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-05-26 AR ARP000102580A patent/AR024116A1/en unknown
- 2000-06-05 TW TW089110973A patent/TW522202B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-11-27 NO NO20015786A patent/NO20015786L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| CN102035213A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-04-27 | 通用电气公司 | Multi-use energy storage for renewable sources |
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| CN102222938B (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-06-12 | 中国农业大学 | Voltage-frequency comprehensive control method for direct-drive wind generator set |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000073652A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
| AU4939099A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
| BR9917307A (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| TR200103401T2 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
| AU759174B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| EE200100629A (en) | 2003-02-17 |
| TW522202B (en) | 2003-03-01 |
| JP2003501000A (en) | 2003-01-07 |
| MXPA01011953A (en) | 2002-06-21 |
| NO20015786D0 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| CA2375067A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
| PL351025A1 (en) | 2003-02-24 |
| AR024116A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| EP1190176A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| NO20015786L (en) | 2002-01-21 |
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