CN1336387A - 具有抗肿瘤活性的香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成 - Google Patents

具有抗肿瘤活性的香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成 Download PDF

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CN1336387A
CN1336387A CN 00120948 CN00120948A CN1336387A CN 1336387 A CN1336387 A CN 1336387A CN 00120948 CN00120948 CN 00120948 CN 00120948 A CN00120948 A CN 00120948A CN 1336387 A CN1336387 A CN 1336387A
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CN1163514C (zh
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杨广斌
孔繁祚
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Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
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Abstract

本发明是关于有生物活性的、特别是涉及可用作抗肿瘤药的香菇多糖的重复单元的合成。首先制备1-3连接的二糖和三糖,将二者连接得到1-3连接的五糖,将第二和第四糖单元的苄叉基脱掉,选择性地在两个6位与一个葡萄糖分子偶联,脱掉保护即得到香菇多糖的重复单元七糖。

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具有抗肿瘤活性的香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成
本发明是关于有生物活性的、特别是涉及可用作抗肿瘤药的香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成。
香菇多糖是由食用菌香菇的子实体中提取出的多糖,具有抗肿瘤活性,临床上与化疗药物并用,对肺癌、消化系统器官的癌症很有效(宋炳生 杨玉龙,《中草药》1998年29卷第7期492-495页),但由于香菇多糖分子量高(50万-100多万)结构不均一,有时疗效不够明确,有时有副作用,我们认为,香菇多糖的关键活性部位就是它的重复单元-一个葡萄七糖,合成这个七糖不仅能够研究结构与活性的关系,而且能将这个七糖发展为新的、更好的抗癌药物。这个七糖有如下的结构:
Figure A0012094800041
我们在前两个专利中(99126224.7及00107835.6)中描述了两种简易的方法,它们都是采用先合成带有支链的三糖的策略,本发明再揭示一种实用的方法,即先构筑1-3连接的五糖主链,最后再加上两个1-6连接的侧链的方法。
本发明的合成方法在于:
2-O-苯甲酰基-4,6-O-苄叉基-α-D-葡萄糖-烯丙基苷1首先在3位氯乙酰化得到2,2脱掉4,6位的苄叉基得到2-O-苯甲酰基-3-O-氯乙酰基-α-D-葡萄糖-烯丙基苷3,3乙酰化后得到4,4脱掉3位氯乙酰基得到单糖受体5,如下图所示:4脱掉1位烯丙基后得到1位为游离羟基的6,再活化得到单糖供体7,如下图所示:单糖供体7与单糖受体1在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到双糖8,将8脱掉烯丙基后得到1位为游离羟基的9,再活化后得到双糖供体10,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800051
双糖供体10与另一单糖受体5在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到三糖11,11脱掉氯乙酰基后得到三糖受体12,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800052
双糖供体10与三糖受体12在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到五糖13,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800053
13脱掉两个苄叉基后,得到14,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800054
14与苯甲酰化的葡萄糖供体15在路易斯酸催化下缩合,得到七糖16,如下图所示:16脱掉酰基即得到不保护的七糖烯丙基苷17,若先脱掉烯丙基再脱掉酰基,即得到不保护的七糖,如下图所示:以上图中Bz=苯甲酰基 Ac=乙酰基 CA=氯乙酰基 All=烯丙基
所述的路易斯酸为三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸酯(TMSOTf)或三氟化硼-乙醚络和物(BF3.Et2O)。
以下结合实施例进行说明。
1.单糖2(Allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-chloroacetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备:
化合物1的制备见文献  Pelyvas,I,Lindhorst,T,Tiem,J.Liebigs.Ann.Chem.1990,8,761.将1(10克,24毫克分子)溶于60毫升二氯甲烷中,加入6毫升吡啶,在冰浴冷却下,滴加氯代乙酰氯2.1毫升在20毫升二氯甲烷中的溶液,在0℃下,反应40分钟,将反应液用二氯甲烷稀释,倒入冰水中,有机相用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢纳溶液,水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物2,11.3克,产率95%。[α]D 20+105°(c,1.7,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:8.04,7.60-7.33,5.87,5.92-5.71,5.54,5.32-5.08,4.38-3.74.
2·单糖3(Allyl 2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备:
将2(11克,22毫克分子)溶于50毫升1,4-dioxane中,加入1M的硫酸10毫升,在80℃下反应一小时后,浓缩,倒入冰水中,用30毫升二氯甲烷萃取,有机相先后用饱和碳酸氢钠及水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离,得到化合物3 8.84克,产率:98%;[α]D 20+137°(c,1.9,CHCl3)
3·单糖4(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备:
3(8.5克,21.2毫克分子)溶于60毫升二氯甲烷和5毫升吡啶中,在0℃下加入乙酸酐4.5毫升,在室温反应三小时后,薄层色谱分析表明反应完成。将反应液倒入冰水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢纳溶液及水先后洗涤,弃去水相,有机相在真空下抽干,得到的粗产物用硅胶柱层析法精制,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1/3)作为淋洗液淋洗,收集相应组分,得到纯的三糖410.1克,产率:98%;[α]D 20+113°(c,1.5,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:8.01,7.60-7.43,5.81-5.76,5.78,5.30,5.30-5.13,5.19,5.13,4.34-4.02,3.96,3.93,2.10,2.06.
4·单糖5(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备:
将4(3克,6.19毫克分子)溶于50毫升二氯甲烷中,加入35毫升甲醇,再加入硫脲2.36克(31.1毫克分子),加入2,4-lutidine 11毫升,回馏16小时后将反应物浓缩,用二氯甲烷萃取,用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢纳溶液及水先后洗涤,弃去水相,有机相在真空下抽干,得到的粗产物用硅胶柱层析法精制,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1/3)作为淋洗液淋洗,收集相应组分,得到纯的5 2.32克,产率:92%;[α]D 20+133°(c,1.4,CHCl3);
5·单糖6(4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-D-glucopyranose)的制备:
将4(6500毫克,13.4毫克分子)溶于100毫升甲醇中,加入300毫克PdCl2,室温反应八小时,过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离,得到化合物6,5130毫克,主要由α异构体组成,产率:86%。[α]D 20+86°(c,1.7,CHCl3);熔点120-121℃;
6·单糖供体7(4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-D-glucopyranosyltrichloroacetimidate)的制备:
将6(4500毫克,10.5毫克分子)溶于100毫升二氯甲烷中,然后加三氯乙睛(3毫升,30毫克分子),再加DBU 200微升,反应混合物在搅拌下、室温反应二小时后,将反应混合物在真空下抽干,用硅胶柱层析法精制,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1/2)作为淋洗液淋洗,收集相应组分,得到单糖供体7,5120毫克,产率:86%。[α]D 20+103°(c,1.5,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:8.65,7.97,7.59-7.41,6.73,5.84,5.40,5.34,4.35-4.17,3.96,3.94,2.10,2.09.
7.双糖8(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
7(2克,3.4毫克分子)与1(1540毫克,3.74毫克分子)溶于20毫升干燥二氯甲烷中,加入1克4A分子筛,在-15℃搅拌下,加入TMSOTf(80微升),继续反应1小时,加入三乙胺终止反应,过滤反应物,用饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液及水洗涤,浓缩,柱层析分离得到82.4克,产率80%。[α]D 20+72°(c,1.6,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:7.79,7.60-7.14,5.76-5.69,5.61,5.32,5.27,5.16,5.12,5.21-5.06,5.00,4.95,4.43,4.26-3.65,3.83,3.76,2.01,2.00).
8.双糖9(4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucopyranose)的制备
8(4克,4.77毫克分子)溶于5毫升THF,加入10毫升75%醋酸及1.56克醋酸钠(19.1毫克分子),再加入1.7克PdCl2(9.54毫克分子),室温反应过夜,过滤,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液及水洗涤,浓缩,柱层析分离得到9 2.57克,产率67%。[α]D 20+29°(c,1.7,CHCl3)
9.双糖供体10(4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranosyltrichloroacetimidate)的制备
9(2.2克,2.76毫克分子)溶于40毫升二氯甲烷,加入三氯乙睛826微升(8.26毫克分子),DBU 70微升,室温反应二小时,浓缩,柱层析分离,得到10 1.04克,产率40%。[α]D 20+37°(c,1.4,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:8.51,7.71-7.18,6.52,5.64,5.33-5.14,4.97,4.47,4.35-3.68,3.81,3.76,2.03,2.00
10.三糖11(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
10(600毫克,636微克分子)及5(286毫克,700微克分子)溶于干燥二氯甲烷30毫升,加入分子筛500毫克,在-15℃,氮气保护下,加入TMSOTf15微升,反应1小时后加三乙胺终止,过滤,饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液及水洗涤,浓缩,柱层析分离得到11649毫克,产率62%;[α]D 20+43°(c,1.7,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:7.82-6.96,5.76-5.62,5.57,5.18-4.68,4.93,4.69,4.43-3.36,2.10,2.03,2.02,1.99
11.三糖受体12(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
11(360毫克,303微克分子)溶于6毫升甲醇及4毫升二氯甲烷中,加入硫脲115毫克(1.51毫克分子)及2,4-lutidine 36微升,回馏过夜,浓缩,二氯甲烷萃取,先后用1N盐酸,饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液,水洗,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离得到12 249毫克,产率74%;[α]D 20+43°(c,1.7,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:7.82-6.96,5.76-5.62,5.57,5.18-4.68,4.93,4.69,4.43-3.36,2.10,2.03,2.02,1.99
12.五糖13(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
12(180毫克,162微克分子)及10(168毫克,178微克分子)溶于30毫升干燥二氯甲烷中,加入300毫克4A分子筛,在-15℃,氮气保护下,加入TMSOTf8微升,反应1小时后加三乙胺终止,过滤,饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液及水洗涤,浓缩,柱层析分离得到13 147毫克,产率48%;[α]D 20+86°(c,1.6,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:7.74-6.97,5.73-5.62,5.47,5.45,5.11-4.62,4.83,4.72,4.53,4.48,4.38-3.24,3.79,3.72,2.10,2.01,1.96,1.93,1.93,1.84
13.五糖受体14(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl--2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
13(100毫克,53微克分子)溶于二氯甲烷3毫升,加入乙酰氯的甲醇溶液(0.25M)3毫升,室温下反应2小时,三乙胺中和,浓缩,柱层析分离得到14 71毫克,产率78%;[α]D 20+40°(c,1.7,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:7.81-6.92,5.74-5.64,5.28-4.71,4.91,4.66,4.50,4.49,4.36-3.25,3.76,3.66,2.09,2.09,2.08,2.01,1.95,1.82
14.七糖15(Allyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6))-p-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-benzoyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
14(40毫克,23微克分子)与苯甲酰化的单糖供体15(40毫克,54微克分子)及100毫克4A分子筛,在-15℃,氮气保护下,加入TMSOTf5微升,反应2小时后加三乙胺终止,过滤,饱和碳酸氢纳水溶液及水洗涤,浓缩,柱层析分离得到1627毫克,产率40%;[α]D 20+7.2°(c,0.3,CHCl3);1H NMRδ:8.02-6.90,5.91,5.90,5.73,5.69,5.69-5.58,5.51,5.49,5.18-4.49,4.40-3.22,3.74,3.61,2.06,2.06,2.05,2.00,1.98,1.81
15.七糖苷17(Allyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-((β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-((β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-glucopyranoside)的制备
饱和的甲醇氨溶液(5mL)与16(60毫克,20.7微克分子)的甲醇(4mL)溶液混合,室温下反应48小时,浓缩反应物,用Sephadex LH-20精制得到17(23.8mg,96%).[α]D 20+10.0°(c,0.3,H2O);1H NMRδ:6.00-5.91,5.35,5.24,4.94,4.77,4.73,4.73,4.67,4.49,4.47
16.游离七糖18(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-((β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6))β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-((β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-D-glucopyranose)的制备
按由8制备9的方法,使100毫克16先脱掉烯丙基,然后按由16制备17的方法,脱掉酰基,得到游离七糖31毫克,产率76%。[α]D 20+6.0°(c,0.5,H2O);1H NMRδ:5.24,4.75,4.72,4.69,4.63,4.50,4.43

Claims (2)

1.一种可用作抗肿瘤药的、香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成方法,其特征在于:2-O-苯甲酰基-4,6-O-苄叉基-α-D-葡萄糖-烯丙基苷1首先在3位氯乙酰化得到2,2脱掉4,6位的苄叉基得到2-O-苯甲酰基-3-O-氯乙酰基-α-D-葡萄糖-烯丙基苷3,3乙酰化后得到4,4脱掉3位氯乙酰基得到单糖受体5,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800021
4脱掉1位烯丙基后得到1位为游离羟基的6,再活化得到单糖供体7,如下图所示:单糖供体7与单糖受体1在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到双糖8,将8脱掉烯丙基后得到1位为游离羟基的9,再活化后得到双糖供体10,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800023
双糖供体10与另一单糖受体5在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到三糖11,11脱掉氯乙酰基后得到三糖受体12,如下图所示:双糖供体10与三糖受体12在路易斯酸催化下缩合得到五糖13,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800025
13脱掉两个苄叉基后,得到14,如下图所示:14与苯甲酰化的葡萄糖供体15在路易斯酸催化下缩合,得到七糖16,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800031
16脱掉酰基即得到不保护的七糖烯丙基苷17,若先脱掉烯丙基再脱掉酰基,即得到不保护的七糖,如下图所示:
Figure A0012094800032
以上图中Bz=苯甲酰基 Ac=乙酰基 CA=氯乙酰基 All=烯丙基
2.一种可用作抗肿瘤药的、香菇多糖的七糖重复单元的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的路易斯酸为三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸酯(TMSOTf)或三氟化硼-乙醚络和物(BF3.Et2O)。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003004507A1 (fr) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-16 Research Center For Eco-Environmental Sciences, Academia Sinica Sorte d'oligosaccharides, leurs sulfates et dendrimeres, et les utilisations de ces composes
CN114736315A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-07-12 艾立斯特(合肥)生物科技有限公司 香菇多糖核心片段β-(1→6)支链β-(1→3)主链的七糖合成方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003004507A1 (fr) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-16 Research Center For Eco-Environmental Sciences, Academia Sinica Sorte d'oligosaccharides, leurs sulfates et dendrimeres, et les utilisations de ces composes
US7365191B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2008-04-29 Shanghaimed Co., Ltd Type of oligosaccharides and their sulfate derivatives
CN114736315A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-07-12 艾立斯特(合肥)生物科技有限公司 香菇多糖核心片段β-(1→6)支链β-(1→3)主链的七糖合成方法

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