CN1333707A - 具有根系制止素带的滴灌管道 - Google Patents

具有根系制止素带的滴灌管道 Download PDF

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CN1333707A
CN1333707A CN99815612A CN99815612A CN1333707A CN 1333707 A CN1333707 A CN 1333707A CN 99815612 A CN99815612 A CN 99815612A CN 99815612 A CN99815612 A CN 99815612A CN 1333707 A CN1333707 A CN 1333707A
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pipeline
irrigating pipe
droping irrigating
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阿伦·F·罗布
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Rivulis Irrigation Inc
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    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
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    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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Abstract

提供了一种滴灌管道(10),该管道(10)应用一种根系制止素带(40)来阻止根系侵入。管道具有一个内部表面,一个外部表面,和一个穿过它们延伸的供水通道(26)。一个或多个出口(32)将供水管道连接到管道的外部。一个或多个根系制止素带(40)在出口(32)处或出口(32)附近固定到管道(10)的内部表面或外部表面上。每个根系制止素带都包括一个浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。

Description

具有根系制止素带的滴灌管道
发明背景
滴灌系统在农业区已进入普遍使用。滴灌系统将水以缓慢、受控制的速率供给到特定植株待浇灌的根区。典型地，滴灌是通过在每棵植株处设置一低流量水的出口来完成，该低流量水的出口使有限量的水直接滴到特定植株的根区。这些管道通常是浅浅地铺设在地下，以保护它免受风吹、虫咬、日晒和机械损伤，并有助于水流进入土壤。
具有这种滴灌设施存在的其中一个问题在于：如果农民未灌溉到足以满足植株的需要，则根系长大以便找到更多的水。因为管道通常有一些残留于其中的水，所以根系将能寻找到该水，它们进入水的出口并最终将水的出口堵住。当这个过程开始时，水分配的均匀性变得不稳定，并且不久就变成令人不满意的作物响应结果。
发明概述
本发明对根系的向长生长提供一种新的解决方案。在一个实施例中，本发明针对一种滴灌管道，该滴灌管道具有一个内表面，一个外表面和一个在它们之间延伸的供水通道。设置一个或多个出口将供水通道连接到管道的外部。一个或多个根系制止素带在出口处或出口附近固定到管道的内表面或外表面上。每个根系制止素带都包括一条浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。
在一特别优选的实施例中，本发明针对一种滴灌管道，该滴灌管道具有一个内表面、一个外表面，一个供水通道和多个流量调节沟道。每个流量调节沟道都包括一个入口部分和一个出口部分，上述入口部分包括一个或多个开口，该开口将供水通道连接到那个流量调节沟道上，而上述出口部分包括一个或多个开口，该开口将流量调节沟道连接到管道的外部。管道还包括一个或多个如上所述的根系制止素带，该根系制止素带在入口部分或出口部分的开口处或其附近固定到管道的内表面或外表面上。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时，参看下面的详细说明，将更好理解本发明的这些和另一些特点和优点，其中：
图1是一种滴灌管道的横断面视图，该滴灌管道在其边缘之间具有一流量调节沟道。
图2是按照本发明所述的流量调节沟道顶部剖视图。
图3是用于制造连续发射体(emitter)式滴灌管道的方法的示意方框图。
图4是用于制造按照本发明所述滴灌管道的其中一部分薄膜行进路线示意图。
图5A是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一纵向的根系制止素带，此根系制止素带固定到管道外部盖住各出口。
图5B是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一根系制止素带，此根系制止素带缠绕在管道外部盖住各出口。
图5C是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一纵向的根系制止素带，此根系制止素带固定到管道内部盖住各出口。
图5D是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一根系制止素带，此根系制止素带缠绕在管道内部盖住各出口。
图5E是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一纵向的根系制止素带，此根系制止素带固定到管道的外部各出口附近。
图5F是按照本发明所述的一种滴灌管道侧面局部剖视图，该管道具有一根系制止素带，此根系制止素带缠绕在管道的外部各出口附近。
详细说明
本发明应用一种根系制止素带，该根系制止素带固定到管道的内部或外部，以便阻止根系侵入管道。根系制止素带包括一条浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。本发明提供一个机构，用于保持除草剂非常靠近管道出口而不阻塞水流。
如图1、2和5所示，软的滴灌管道10(通常称之为“带”)用细长的塑料薄膜带14制造，该塑料薄膜带14典型厚度为4-15密耳。薄膜14可以用任何合适的材料，例如高密度的聚乙烯或聚丙烯层压制品制造。将薄膜14在纵向方向上折叠，以便形成叠加的内部和外部纵向边缘16和18，因此产生一个接缝。第一纵向肋20部分地密封边缘16和18。第二纵向肋22在肋20的外侧，它完全密封边缘16和18。肋20和22含有一重复的纵向图形，该纵向图形沿着管道10的长度限定一连串小的流量调节沟道24。由于薄膜14中的纵向折叠，所以薄膜14的内表面限定一比较大的供水通道26。供水通道26连接到压力下的水源上(未示出)。这些结构的例子在美国专利No.4,247,051、No.4,984,739、No.5,282,578和No.5,522,551中说明，其公开内容此处合并参考。
如图2所示，每个流量调节沟道24(亦即发射体区域)都具有入口部分28，湍流部分30，和出口部分32。对每个流量调节沟道24来说，入口部分28包括一个或多个入口开口，以便让水从供水通道26流入流量调节沟道24。在所述实施例中，入口部分28包括许多柱状物36，在各柱状物36之间形成开口38。正如该技术的技术人员所公认的，入口部分28可以具有任何其它的设计，这些设计使水能从供水通道26进入流量调节沟道24。
每个流量调节沟道24都具有比供水通道26小得多的横截面积。供水通道26的横截面积比流量调节沟道24的横截面积大，优选的是大约20-300倍，更优选的是大约50-200倍。因此，每个流量控制沟道24在供水通道26和管道10的外侧之间形成一个通道，该通道控制水流过它的流速。
流量控制沟道24可以具有如该技术中众所周知的任何其它设计。例如，湍流部分30可以由一连串的人字形断口(chevron)形成，这些人字形断口由一连串形成螺旋路线的壁，或由产生湍流的任何其它构造形成。然而，如果希望并用直线路沟道代替，则可以省去湍流部分。
图3和4示出用于制造如图1所示滴灌管道的方法。正如方框70所表示的，首先在薄膜14中形成出口44。优选的是每个出口44都包括薄膜14中的一个纵向槽，但也可以是任何其它类型的槽。在美国专利No.5,522,551中说明了一种用于形成刀形纵向槽出口的方法和装置，其公开内容在此处合并参考。在该技术中任何用于提供出口的已知其它合适方法也都可以采用。例如，可以使外边缘18其中之一的表面变形，以便在薄膜的表面形成突起，而在此之后从薄膜上切去这些突起以便形成出口，如美国专利No.5,123,984所述，其公开内容在此处合并参考。可供选择地，出口部分可以包括许多柱状物，在这些柱状物之间用与上述入口部分相同的方式形成出口开口。
如方框72所表示的，然后将内边缘16折叠。如方框74所表示的，利用一个或多个挤压嘴将一个或多个小珠安放在内边缘14的外表面上。如方框76所表示的，通过模制轮在肋20和22中形成一种图形。如方框78所表示的，然后将外边缘18折叠到内边缘16上，同时在它们之间形成肋。最后，如方框80所表示的，通过使内边缘16，外边缘18及肋20和22穿过形成轮和背托轮(backing wheel)的轮隙(nip)，将流量调节沟道24进行修整，以便精确调整肋的高度。
图4示出用于完成上述步骤的装配站。一个或多个挤压嘴82将一个或多个连续的纵向小珠84(取热熔胶或树脂形式)放在内边缘16的外表面上。薄膜14穿过旋转的模制轮86和旋转的背托轮88的轮隙。模制轮86含有凹陷部90的图形，该凹陷部90的图形相应于所希望升起的肋图形，亦即相应于如图2所示的图形。在轮隙中，通过模制轮86使小珠84成形，以便在薄膜14上形成所希望的小珠图形用于整个管道10的长度。在离开轮86和88的轮隙之后，用一导向件92将薄膜14的外边缘折叠，以便叠加内边缘16。最后，薄膜14叠加的边缘通过形成轮94和第二背托轮96的轮隙。形成轮94具有沟槽98，该沟槽98压住小珠84形成的肋，以便将肋的高度调整到决定管道10流速的规定值处。在所述过程期间，薄膜14用一个常用装置(未示出)连续传送。例如，可以驱动所公开的各轮；或者可以设置别的驱动轮来传送薄膜。
另外，正如本领域的技术人员所公认的，流量调节沟道24不必在管道10的边缘16和18中形成，但可以设置在管道上的任何位置处。例如，在该技术中众所周知的是，设置一些不连续的软发射体(未示出)，它们粘结或者用别的方法结合到管道的内部或外部，同时每个发射体都具有如上所述的与供水通道连通的入口，和通向管道外部的出口。发射体可以通过下述几种方法其中之一固定到管道的内部或外部，这些方法包括但不限于胶合法、溶剂粘合法、热合法和超声焊接法。例如，可以将软的不连续外部发射体固定到管道的外部，如标题为“用于滴灌管道的外部发射体”的美国专利申请书No.09/136,354中所述，其公开内容合并参考。
可供选择地，可以将一连续发射体粘结到管道上，此处连续发射体沿着其长度具有一连串的流量调节沟道，与供水通道连通的入口和通向管道外部的出口，如上所述。连续发射体可以通过用该技术中已知的任何合适方法，如上面所述的那些方法，将它结合到管道上来制成灌溉管道。例如，发射体可以用压花或印刷工具挤压成型。如果管道也受挤压，则这种技术特别有用。因此，连续的发射体可以挤压成形，然后插入管道围绕其挤压的模中央。当发射体和管道一起挤压时，发射体将形成，并且在它冷却之前粘结到管道上。可供选择地，连续的发射体可以脱线挤压成形，然后送入模具内的孔中，管道穿过该模具中的孔挤压。在另一个实施例中，连续的发射体可以送到并接合到一长的连续带上，然后将该长的连续带折叠以形成管道。
在另一个实施例中，滴灌管道是一种硬质管道，它具有许多个设置于其中的不连续发射体(亦即流量调节沟道)，正如在该技术中众所周知的和例如在美国专利No.5,111,996和No.4,824,025中所说明的。
根系制止素带40在出口32处或其附近固定到管道10的内部或外部，以便阻止根系侵入。根系制止素带40可以用任何合适的方法，如粘结法或围绕管道缠绕织物法固定到管道上。图5A示出一种根系制止素带40，它在纵向方向上固定到管道10的外部盖住出口32。图5B示出一种根系制止素带40，它缠绕管道10的外部盖住出口32。图5C示出一种根系制止素带40，它在纵向方向上固定到管道10的内部盖住出口32。图5D示出一种根系制止素带40，它缠绕管道10的内部盖住出口32。图5E示出一种根系制止素带40，它在纵向方向上靠近但未盖住出口32固定到管道10的外部。图5F示出一种根系制止素带40，它靠近但未盖住出口32固定到管道10的内部。正如该技术中的技术人员所公认的，根系制止素带40也可以在纵向方向上靠近但未盖住出口32固定到管道10的内部。采用外部固定根系制止素带40的优点在于：该带起一种油绳(wick)作用，以便更均匀地沿着管道的路线分配水。可供选择地，根系制止素带40可以部分地定位到盖住通向流量调节沟道24的入口。
根系制止素带40包括一种浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。织物有足够多的孔，以便水能流过它，因此它可以盖住出口孔的内部或外部，并且织物有足够的吸收剂，以便保存除草剂。供本发明使用的合适织物包括但不限于：毛毡，塑料，和无纺布(天然的和合成的)，优选的是针穿孔式无纺布。任何合适的化学除草剂，亦即根侵入的抑制剂成分都可以应用。优选的成分包括：二硝基苯胺类，如TREFLANTM(氟乐宁，4-三氟代甲基-2，6-二硝基-N，N-二丙基苯胺)，SONALANTM(烯氟乐宁)，PROWLTM(除草通)和黄草消(4-亚磺酰胺基-2，6-二硝基-N，N-二丙基苯胺)，地乐酚(2，4-二硝基-6-仲丁基苯酚)，消苯腈(3，5-二溴-4-羟基苯腈)，百草枯(1，1′-二甲基-4，4′-二氯联吡啶阳离子)，溴苯腈辛酸酯(3，5-二溴4-羟基苯腈辛酸酯)，TBA(2，3，6-三氯苯甲酸)，2，4-D(2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸)，和氢氧化铜。在一特别优选的实施例中，根系制止素带40用Tex-RTMAgroliner(从TeXel，Henderson，North Carolina购买的商品)。
上述本发明的实施例只考虑是优选的并说明本发明的思想。本发明的范围不限于这些实施例。例如，正如本领域的技术人员所公认的，本发明不限于具有如上所述流量调节沟道的管道，而是可以与具有供水通道和沿着管道长度的出口一起使用。在不脱离本发明的精神和范围情况下，本领域的技术人员可以创造出各种各样和无数的其它装置。

Claims (17)

1.一种滴灌管道，具有一内部表面，一外部表面和一个穿过它们的供水通道，管道包括：
一个或多个出口，该出口将供水通道连接到管道的外部；和
一个或多个根系制止素带，该根系制止素带在出口处或出口附近固
定到管道的内部表面或外部表面上，每个根系制止素带都包括一种
浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。
2.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带固定到管道的外部表面上。
3.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带固定到管道的内部表面上。
4.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带在纵向方向上固定到管道的其中一个表面上。
5.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带缠绕在管道的其中一个表面上。
6.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：每个根系制止素带都盖住至少一个出口。
7.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：每个根系制止素带都包括毛毡。
8.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：每个根系制止素带都包括一种针穿孔式无纺织物。
9.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：化学除草剂是从下述一组除草剂中选出，这组除草剂包括：氟乐宁、烯氟乐宁、除草通、黄草消、地乐酚、溴苯腈、百草枯、溴苯腈辛酸酯、2，3，6-三氯苯甲酸、2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸和氢氧化铜。
10.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：化学除草剂是氟乐宁。
11.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：化学除草剂是氢氧化铜。
12.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，是用软的薄膜制造。
13.按照权利要求1所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：管道是硬质管道。
14.一种滴灌管道，具有一个内部表面，一个外部表面，一个供水通道和许多流量调节沟道，这些流量调节沟道比供水通道小，每个流量调节沟道都包括：
一个入口部分，它包括一个或多个将供水通道连接到流量调节沟道上的开口，和
一个出口部分，它包括一个或多个将流量调节沟道连接到管道外部的开口；
其特征在于：管道还包括一个或多个根系制止素带，该根系制止素带在入口部分或出口部分的开口处，或是在这些开口的附近固定到管道的内部表面或外部表面上，每个根系制止带都包括一种浸渍有化学除草剂的织物带。
15.按照权利要求14所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带是在出口部分的开口处或在这些开口附近。
16.按照权利要求14所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：一个或多个根系制止素带在纵向方向上固定到管道的外部盖住出口部分的各开口。
17.按照权利要求14所述的滴灌管道，其特征在于：根系制止素带包括一种浸渍有氢氧化铜的针穿孔式无纺织物。
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CN101899179B (zh) * 2010-05-29 2012-01-04 甘肃大禹节水股份有限公司 一种地下滴灌防根系入侵的专用滴头的生产工艺
CN104823821A (zh) * 2015-04-07 2015-08-12 上海应用技术学院 一种用于容器栽培的控根布及其制备方法和应用
CN104774362A (zh) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-15 吉林喜丰节水科技股份有限公司 一种非降解铜离子缓释祛根滴灌管及其制备方法
CN104774362B (zh) * 2015-04-09 2017-07-04 吉林喜丰节水科技股份有限公司 一种非降解铜离子缓释祛根滴灌管及其制备方法
CN106134934A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-23 A.I.创新公司 防止根侵入的地下滴灌管
CN115486359A (zh) * 2022-09-20 2022-12-20 广州大学 一种自适应防堵塞地下微灌装置及方法
CN115486359B (zh) * 2022-09-20 2023-12-01 广州大学 一种自适应防堵塞地下微灌装置及方法

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CN1333650A (zh) 2002-01-30
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WO2000030433A1 (en) 2000-06-02
IL143253A0 (en) 2002-04-21
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