CN1324799A - 3,6支化的甘露三糖的简易合成 - Google Patents
3,6支化的甘露三糖的简易合成 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及哺乳动物和寄生虫体内起重要生物学作用的甘露核心三糖α-Manpl→3-(α-Manpl→6)-Manp的两种简便化学合成法。
Description
本发明属于有生物活性的寡糖的制备领域,特别是涉及能用于药物筛选的寡糖的合成方法。
本发明的目的在于将上述甘露核心三糖的合成用一锅多步的模式完成,较已报道的方法大大简化,适于批量制备。
本发明的合成方法在于:
以3,6-二羟基-2,4-二-氧-酰基-α-D-甘露糖苷为受体,以甘露糖Schmidt试剂为糖基供体,以路易斯酸为催化剂,简易合成甘露三糖。
在吡啶或吡啶和DMF的混合溶剂体系中,以甘露糖苷1为起始物,一锅三
步法合成3,6位二硅烷化,2,4位酰化的α-D-甘露糖苷3。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl、R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
将全取代的甘露糖苷3以<3%氯化氢的二氯甲烷溶液或氢化钠-六甲基磷酰
胺处理,可选择性地脱除6位硅烷基,得到6位为游离羟基的甘露糖苷4。
再脱除3位的硅烷基,可得到3,6二羟基的化合物6,而以4为原料,可合
成1-6连接的寡糖。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
将全取代的甘露糖苷3以对甲苯磺酸的吡啶盐处理,选择性地脱除3位硅烷基,得到3位为游离羟基的甘露糖苷5。再脱除6位的硅烷基,可得到3,6二羟基的化合物6,而以5为原料,可合成1-3连接的寡糖。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
将全取代的甘露糖苷3以90%三氟乙酸处理,可同时脱除3,6二硅烷基,得到3,6位为游离羟基的单一产物6。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
R=Benzoyl or acetyl R’=Alkyl or aryl
以1,2乙叉基甘露糖9为糖基受体,苯甲酰化或乙酰化的甘露糖的Schmidt试剂7为糖基供体,在路易斯酸催化下,亦能简易地合成甘露三糖:
将1摩尔的1,2乙叉基甘露糖9与2.1摩尔的苯甲酰化或乙酰化的Schmidt试剂7,溶于二氯甲烷中,在低温,路易斯酸催化下反应,得到3,6连接的三糖10,用常规方法酰化,得到全保护的三糖11。
R=Benzoyl or acetyl
将11的乙叉基在酸性条件下脱除,再用常规方法乙酰化,接着在路易斯酸催化下,与对甲氧基酚偶联,即得到能继续反应的三糖供体。
R=Benzoyl or acetyl PMP=para-Methoxybenzyl所述的路易斯酸为三氟化硼、三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸盐(TMSOTf)。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。(1)3,6-二-氧-硅烷基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖甲基苷3的合成
将甘露糖的甲基苷1(1.5克,7.7毫摩尔)溶于5毫升吡啶中,加入1.1当量的叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷,室温下搅拌16小时。上述反应体系冷却到0℃,加入2当量的咪唑和溶于5毫升二甲基甲酰胺的1.1当量的叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷,升至室温后搅拌16小时。再将反应体系冷却到0℃,一次加入2.5当量的苯甲酰氯和1毫升吡啶的混合液,升至室温后搅拌过夜。反应体系经常规处理和柱层析分离后得重要中间体3(4.1克,71%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ-0.15,0.03(2s,2x3H,Si(CH3)2),0.62,1.02(2s,2x9H,t-Bu),3.46(s,3H,OCH3),3.76(dd,1H,J5,6a 1.6,J6a,6b 11.3Hz,H-6a),3.85(dd,1H,J5,6b 5.2Hz,H-6b),4.09(ddd,1H,H-5),4.35(dd,1H,J2,3 3.4,J3,4 9.4Hz,H-3),4.91(d,1H,J1,2 1.3Hz,H-1),5.37(dd,1H,H-2),5.72(t,1H,J4,5 9.4Hz,H-4),7.17-8.15(m,20H,Ph).(2)2,4-二-氧-苯甲酰基-3-硅烷基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖甲基苷4的合成
将甘露糖的甲基苷3(500毫克,0.66毫摩尔)溶于5毫升二氯甲烷和1毫升甲醇中。上述体系冷却到0℃,加入0.15毫升的氯乙酰,升至室温后搅拌16小时。TLC检测反应完成后,用NaHCO3的饱和水溶液中和后,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得中间物4(300毫克,88%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ-0.08,0.06(2s,2x3H,Si(CH3)2),0.62(s,9H,t-Bu),2.50(bs,1H,OH),3.46(s,3H,OCH3),3.71(dd,1H,J5,6a 4.4,J6a,6b 12.6Hz,H-6a),3.75(dd,1H,J5,6b 2.4Hz,H-6b),3.88(ddd,1H,H-5),4.44(dd,1H,J2,3.6,J3,4 9.4Hz,H-3),4.89(d,1H,J1,2 1.6Hz,H-1),5.37(dd,1H,H-2),5.55(t,1H,J4,5 9.4Hz,H-4),7.40-8.14(m,10H,Ph).(3)2,4-二-氧-苯甲酰基-6-硅烷基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖甲基苷5的合成
将甘露糖的甲基苷3(2克,2.65毫摩尔)和3当量的对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐溶于15毫升乙醇中。上述体系加热迥流4小时后,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得中间物5(1.46克,86%)。(4)2,4-二-氧-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖甲基苷6的合成
将甘露糖的甲基苷3(2.5毫克,3.3毫摩尔)溶于15毫升90%三氟乙酸水溶液中。室温搅拌4小时,TLC检测反应完成,加甲苯后减压蒸干,上硅胶柱分离得化合物6(1.23克,92%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.40(bs,2H,2OH),3.44(s,3H,CH3),3.73(dd,1H,J5,6a 4.3,J6a,6b 12.5Hz,H-6a),3.81(dd,1H,J5,6b 2.1Hz,H-6b),3.93(ddd,1H,H-5),4.40(dd,1H,J2,3 3.4,J3,4 9.8Hz,H-3),4.93(s,1H,H-1),5.39(t,1H,H-2),5.51(t,1H,J4,5 9.8Hz,H-4),7.25-8.10(m,10H,Ph).(5)2,3,4,6-四-氧-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基-(1→3)[2,3,4,6-四-氧-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基-(1→6)]-2,4-二-氧-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖甲基苷8的合成
2.1当量的2,3,4,6-四-氧-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯9(甘露糖Schmidt试剂)在0℃下与受体6(1.062克,2.64毫摩尔)在二氯甲烷中以TMSOTf(20微升,0.11毫摩尔)为催化剂进行糖基化反应2小时后,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得甘露核心三糖8(3.5克,85%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.55(s,3H,OCH3),3.78(dd,1H,J5,6a<1,J6a,6b 9.9Hz,H-6a),4.13(dd,1H,H-6),4.25(ddd,1H,H-5),4.35-4.41(m,2H,2H-6),4.52-4.57(m,2H,2H-5),4.60(dd,1H,J1.6,J12.0Hz,H-6),4.66(dd,J2,3 3.4,J3,4 9.7Hz,H-3A),5.01(d,1H,J1,2 1.2Hz,H-1),5.14(d,1H,J1”,2”1.4Hz,H-1”),5.34-5.37(m,2H,H-1’,H-2),5.68-5.76(m,3H,H-2,2,3),5.89(t,1H,J4,5 10.4Hz,H-4),5.95-5.99(m,2H,H-3,H-4),6.11(t,1H,J10.5Hz,H-4”),7.25-8.17(m,50H,Ph).(6)2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基-(1→3)[2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基-(1→6)]-2,4-二-氧-乙酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖对甲氧基苯基苷14的合成
用2.1当量全乙酰化的甘露糖Schmidt试剂7(R为乙酰基)与1,2-氧-乙叉基-β-D-甘露糖受体9(140毫克,0.68毫摩尔)在0℃、0.05当量(13微升)的TMSOTf催化条件下于无水二氯甲烷(10毫升)中进行糖基化反应2小时,经常规处理和柱层析分离后得甘露三糖混合物11,ESI质谱表明产物为三糖。该三糖混合物用90%TFA水解3小时,减压蒸干后在醋酸酐-吡啶体系中乙酰化,硅胶柱上用1∶12的石油醚∶乙酸乙酯分离,极性稍小的组分为主产物,该产物与对甲氧基苯酚(1.2当量)在干燥的二氯甲烷(8毫升)中以一个当量的三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂进行反应,得到单一结构的甘露三糖α-酚苷14(225毫克,32%,以受体9计)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.990,2.040,2.049,2.055,2.068,2.079,2.092,2.129,2.139,2.148(10s,30H,10CH3CO),3.767(s,3H,CH3O),3.83(dd,1H,J<1,J12.6Hz,H-6),3.910-4.160(m,6H,3H-5 and 3H-6),4.244-4.305(m,2H,2H-6),4.390(dd,J2,3 3.2,J3,4 9.3Hz,H-3),4.946(d,J1.3Hz,H-1),5.138(d,1H,J1.5Hz,H-1),5.161(d,1H,J<1Hz,H-1),5.237(dd,1H),5.250-5.381(m,5H),5.415(dd,1H),6.840(dd,2H,Ph),6.986(d,2H,Ph).
Claims (3)
1.一种以3,6-二羟基-2,4-二-氧-酰基-α-D-甘露糖苷为受体,以甘露糖Schmidt试剂为糖基供体,以路易斯酸为催化剂的简易甘露三糖合成法。其特征在于:(1)在吡啶或吡啶和DMF的混合溶剂体系中,以甘露糖苷1为起始物,一锅三步法合成3,6位二硅烷化,2,4位酰化的α-D-甘露糖苷3。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-Butyldimethylsilyl R’=Alkyl or aryl(2)将全取代的甘露糖苷3以<3%氯化氢的二氯甲烷溶液或氢化钠-六甲基磷酰胺处理,可选择性地脱除6位硅烷基(TBDPS),得到6位为游离羟基的甘露糖苷4。若再进一步脱除3位的硅烷基(TBDMS),可得到3,6二羟基的化合物6,而以4为原料,可合成1-6连接的寡糖。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-Butyldimethylsilyl R’=Alkyl or aryl(3)将全取代的甘露糖苷3以对甲苯磺酸的吡啶盐处理,选择性地脱除3位硅烷基(TBDMS),得到3位为游离羟基的甘露糖苷5。再脱除6位的硅烷基(TBDPS),可得到3,6二羟基的化合物6,而以5为原料,可合成1-3连接的寡糖。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
(4)将全取代的甘露糖苷3以90%三氟乙酸处理,可同时脱除3,6二硅烷基,得到3,6位为游离羟基的单一产物6。TBTPS=tert-Butyldiphenysilyl,R=Benzoyl or acetyl,TBDMS=tert-ButyldimethylsilylR’=Alkyl or aryl
(5)将6与苯甲酰化或乙酰化的甘露糖Schmidt试剂7反应,得到取代的甘露三糖8。
R=Benzoyl or acetyl R’=Alkyl or aryl
2.或以1,2乙叉基甘露糖9为糖基受体,苯甲酰化或乙酰化的甘露糖的Schmidt试剂7为糖基供体,在路易斯酸催化下,简易合成甘露三糖的方法,其特征在于:
(1)将1摩尔的1,2乙叉基甘露糖9与2.1摩尔的苯甲酰化或乙酰化的Schmidt试剂7,溶于二氯甲烷中,在低温,路易斯酸催化下反应,得到3,6连接的三糖10,用常规方法酰化,得到全保护的三糖11。R=Benzoyl or acetyl
R=Benzoyl or acetyl PMP=para-Methoxybenzyl
3.如权利要求1,2中所述的一种简易合成甘露三糖的方法,其特征在于:所述的路易斯酸为三氟化硼、三甲基硅三氟甲磺酸盐(TMSOTf)。
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