CN1324246C - 自锁紧固装置 - Google Patents

自锁紧固装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1324246C
CN1324246C CNB038119536A CN03811953A CN1324246C CN 1324246 C CN1324246 C CN 1324246C CN B038119536 A CNB038119536 A CN B038119536A CN 03811953 A CN03811953 A CN 03811953A CN 1324246 C CN1324246 C CN 1324246C
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China
Prior art keywords
packing ring
nut
screw
stiffening rib
assembly
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB038119536A
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English (en)
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CN1656322A (zh
Inventor
J·埃色尔
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Ruia Global Fasteners AG
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Turks Ron Connection Technology Co Ltd And Lianghe Co
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Publication of CN1656322A publication Critical patent/CN1656322A/zh
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/24Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自锁紧固装置,其包括一个将至少一个第一组件紧固在另一组件上的螺钉或螺帽以及一个带有中心孔(11)的垫圈(10)。所述垫圈(10)的两个表面上包括加强筋(12,14),在不迟于紧固装置被拧紧时,加强筋(12,14)被固定在第一组件和螺钉或螺帽的表面上以防止螺钉或螺帽的自动松脱。垫圈(10)用弹性材料制成以使所述垫圈(10)在紧固装置的拧紧过程中能够克服其弹性而被压缩。

Description

自锁紧固装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自锁紧固装置,其包括一个用来把至少一个第一组件紧固在一个第二组件的螺钉或螺帽,该紧固装置包括一个设有中心孔的垫圈,垫圈的表面包括在紧固装置的紧固过程中被固定在第一组件和螺钉或螺帽的表面上以防止螺钉或螺帽自动松脱的元件。
背景技术
EP426895B1中已经公开了这样一种包括一个两侧加肋垫圈的自锁紧固装置。
其中所公开的自锁紧固装置只要在螺钉连接中进行充分的预拉伸就可以成为与DE2556985C2中所描述的自锁螺钉具有同样效果的安全装置。如果碰到连接由于拧得过紧使得其预拉伸松动的情况,就无法自锁从而不能防止螺帽的松脱。由于定位要求主要是使用夹紧长度较小的短螺钉来完成,所以松脱的危险很大,因为小夹紧长度螺钉的弹性延伸量也很小。在这种情况下,拧过头零点几厘米就能导致丧失预拉伸效果从而使螺钉连接有自动松脱的危险。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的任务是改进如EP426895B1中所述的一种自锁紧固装置,使得能被补偿的拧紧量实质性增大并且因此将预拉伸损失的危险实质性减小。
根据本发明,该任务的解决有赖于一种弹性垫圈,其能够在紧固装置的紧固过程中克服其弹性力而被压缩。
在这种连接中,垫圈最好为径向拱起,其中凹面对着被紧固组件而凸面对着螺钉头部或螺帽。通过这种方法,垫圈就能提供尽可能大的弹力。
而且,垫圈最好只在径向的外部边缘区域拱起而靠内的部分是平的。通过这种方法,由于有平的内部支撑,可以保证即使有较大的预拉伸损失,在螺钉的整个支撑长度上,垫圈上表面加强筋仍与螺钉头保持接触。而在垫圈的底面上,这不是绝对必须的,因为在开口方向的摩擦半径以及垫圈的弹性力较大,锁定作用能够得到充分的保证。
在外部拱起边缘区域单独地扩展到超过垫圈内部中心孔和外部边缘之间的宽度的一半时可得到连接时最佳的弹性性能。
防止自动松脱的最好方式是设置加强筋,其制造最简单而效率又最高。
为了在制造过程中节约材料和支出,在这个连接中,更可取的做法是在朝向螺钉或螺帽的表面上只有在内部区域靠近中心孔处设置加强筋,而朝向组件的表面只有在靠近外部边缘的外部区域中设置加强筋。
在这个连接中,加强筋最好不超过垫圈的径向宽度的一半至三分之二。
下面,将根据附图所示的两个具体实施例详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种用于自锁紧固装置的垫圈的剖面视图;
图2是该垫圈的第二个实施例的剖面视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了本发明用于自锁紧固装置的垫圈的第一个实施例。垫圈10形状和普通垫圈相同,其具有一中心孔11用来让螺纹体(螺栓、螺钉)通过。和普通垫圈相比,根据本发明的该垫圈沿径向由内而外地拱起并且由弹性足够强的材料制成。
在图1中,相应的螺钉头部或者螺母位于所示垫圈10之上,并且要被紧固的组件位于垫圈的下面。通过这种方式,垫圈10在螺钉头部或螺帽方向上凸起,在组件方向上凹陷。在实际使用时朝向螺钉头部或者螺帽的垫圈10顶部,在直接靠近中心孔处设置了一适当的加强筋12,其延伸长度约为垫圈宽度的三分之二。
通过相同的方法,朝向组件的垫圈10底面也设置了一适当的加强筋,其从外部边缘起的延伸长度最多大约为垫圈宽度的一半。相关的加强筋示例可以从EP426895B1或DE2556985C2中得到了解,此处不再赘述。
图2显示了本发明用于自锁紧固装置的垫圈10’的另一个实施例,其中垫圈10’的内部区域在垫圈10’最多大约一半的宽度上为平整形状,其他部分向外径向拱起。在垫圈10’的面向螺钉头部或螺帽的顶面上,仅在平整区域内设置一适当的加强筋12’,而在垫圈10’面向组件的底面上,加强筋14’仅设置于外部的拱起区域。
本发明改进了包含垫圈10,10’的自锁紧固装置的功能,可使垫圈10,10’在紧固装置的紧固过程中克服垫圈10,10’弹性材料的弹力而被压成扁平状。这样,如EP426895B1所示的加强筋12,14,12’,14’就分别被嵌入到螺钉头部或螺帽的材料中以及零件中。通过这种方法,使得可以克服的摩擦力足够大,该紧固装置固定后不会自动松脱。
假设该连接应该固定,本发明(部分地)的垫圈10,10’在开口方向有弹性并且尽管固定住了,加强筋12,14,12’,14’仍然有足够的力分别被螺钉头部或螺帽和组件抵压。尽管考虑到相关的固定,防止自动松脱的安全性仍得以保持。
对本发明来说,垫圈的弹力越大越好。然而,在垫圈的整个顶面和底面设置加强筋并非绝对必要。在垫圈顶面上从中心孔11到外径之间大约为垫圈支撑的三分之二区域内设置加强筋12就足够了。底面上,如图1所示,沿中心孔11方向,在外径支撑长度一半的区域内设置加强筋14就足够了。自然地,如果在垫圈的整个底面和顶面都设置了加强筋,就如EP426895中的两面带有加强筋的扁平盘状垫圈那样,本发明垫圈也可以发挥作用。然而可节省达成此目的的一部分必要成本。
如图2所示的实施例保证了即使有更大的预拉伸损失,由于分别在螺钉头或者螺帽上有平整内部支撑,垫圈顶面上的加强筋12’仍旧分别在螺钉或螺帽的整个支撑长度上与螺钉头部或螺帽保持接触。在垫圈的底面上,这一点并不是绝对必须的。由于即使在开口方向有垫圈10’的弹性作用,摩擦半径依然很大,所以能够保证充分的安全性。
本发明的垫圈的材料和热处理可以用和EP526895B1所述的两侧带加强筋的片体一样的方法使用和实施。

Claims (3)

1.一种自锁紧固装置,包括一个将至少一个第一组件紧固在另一组件上的螺钉或螺帽,该紧固装置设有一带有中心孔(11,11’)的垫圈(10,10’),所述垫圈(10,10’)的两侧设有加强筋(12,14;12’,14’),加强筋在不迟于紧固装置被拧紧时被固定在第一组件和螺钉或螺帽的表面上以防止螺钉或螺帽的自动松脱;垫圈(10,10’)为弹性形态并呈拱形,以使所述垫圈能够克服其弹性而被压缩,其中垫圈凹的一侧面向组件而凸的一侧面向螺钉头部或螺帽,其特征为,面向螺钉或螺帽的表面上的加强筋(12,12’)位于靠近中心孔(11,11’)的内部区域,而面向组件一侧上的加强筋(14,14’)位于靠近外部边缘的外部区域上,并且每一个加强筋(12,14;12’,14’)的宽度都为垫圈半径宽度的一半至三分之二。
2.如权利要求1所述的紧固装置,其特征为,垫圈(10’)只有在外部边缘区域沿着径向拱起而在内部区域是平的。
3.如权利要求2所述的紧固装置,其特征为,拱起的外部边缘区域的宽度为垫圈(10’)从内部中心孔(11’)的孔壁到外部边缘的宽度的一半。
CNB038119536A 2002-04-23 2003-03-19 自锁紧固装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1324246C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20206373U DE20206373U1 (de) 2002-04-23 2002-04-23 Selbstsichernde Befestigungseinrichtung
DE20206373.9 2002-04-23

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN1656322A CN1656322A (zh) 2005-08-17
CN1324246C true CN1324246C (zh) 2007-07-04

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US (1) US7192232B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1497567B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4133838B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1324246C (zh)
AT (1) ATE304126T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003223888B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR0309417B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2482127C (zh)
DE (3) DE20206373U1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2252668T3 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA04010479A (zh)
WO (1) WO2003091583A1 (zh)

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USD812109S1 (en) 2013-03-13 2018-03-06 Deer & Company Gang tension spring washer for an agricultural machine
EP2860591A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-15 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Système d'assemblage utilisant un élément de blocage élastique conique
TW202033892A (zh) * 2013-12-17 2020-09-16 美商海特克優尼克斯股份有限公司 用於鎖緊螺紋緊固件之設備
CN105065415A (zh) * 2015-08-04 2015-11-18 海盐新盛达标准件有限公司 一种木结构用钻尾螺丝
CN110131288B (zh) * 2019-06-19 2024-04-12 嘉兴光明科技股份有限公司 一种大型载重汽车轮毂用防盗螺母
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ES2252668T3 (es) 2006-05-16
BR0309417B1 (pt) 2014-03-11
AU2003223888B2 (en) 2008-05-08
BR0309417A (pt) 2005-02-01
DE20206373U1 (de) 2002-08-08
EP1497567A1 (de) 2005-01-19
MXPA04010479A (es) 2004-12-13
US20050158140A1 (en) 2005-07-21
CA2482127C (en) 2007-09-11
AU2003223888A1 (en) 2003-11-10
ATE304126T1 (de) 2005-09-15
WO2003091583A1 (de) 2003-11-06
CN1656322A (zh) 2005-08-17
US7192232B2 (en) 2007-03-20
CA2482127A1 (en) 2003-11-06
DE50301154D1 (de) 2005-10-13
DE10391967D2 (de) 2005-04-21
EP1497567B1 (de) 2005-09-07
JP4133838B2 (ja) 2008-08-13
JP2005529288A (ja) 2005-09-29

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