CN1321775A - 一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法 - Google Patents

一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法 Download PDF

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CN1321775A
CN1321775A CN 00114535 CN00114535A CN1321775A CN 1321775 A CN1321775 A CN 1321775A CN 00114535 CN00114535 CN 00114535 CN 00114535 A CN00114535 A CN 00114535A CN 1321775 A CN1321775 A CN 1321775A
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黄瑞林
谭支良
李铁军
潘亚非
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CHANGSHA INST OF AGRICULTURAL
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法,利用半透膜的透析管替代动物的肠道,用酶替代肠道的消化液,取样品放入瓶中,在一定温度下,加pH值的胃蛋白酶溶液,水解相应时间,经中和后转移至透析管中,再加pH值的胰蛋白酶溶液,然后将透析管置于定量透析液的恒温反应器中,水解相应时间,得出透析液中蛋白质和氨基酸含量。本发明工艺简便,方法易行,提高了饲料配方的准确性,保证了饲料加工业生产出优质高效饲料。

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一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法
本发明涉及一种测定饲料营养物质消化率的方法,更具体涉及一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法。
饲料的蛋白质和氨基酸消化率是评价单胃动物饲料营养价值最为重要的指标之一。传统的用实验动物进行的消化代谢试验测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率结果虽然直观可靠,但是十分繁琐并耗资旷时。因此,寻求以体外试验方法来估测蛋白质和氨基酸消化率,并以此评价饲料的营养价值就显得十分必要。日本学者Furuya等创立了用胃蛋白酶和猪小肠液离体培养测定饲料消化率的方法,我国学者张子仪等将该方法成功地用于鸡、猪饲料代谢能、消化能等测定。这些方法的整个反应均在封闭容器中进行,酶促反应的产物不能及时转移,与动物体内消化吸收情况差异较大。同时,所用小肠液成分复杂,不同批次的各种酶的活力很难一致,因此不同批次的小肠液用量需经过校正,故试验结果误差较大。加拿大学者Sauer等用半离体的活动尼龙袋法测定了一些饲料的能量和粗蛋白消化率,并与传统的粪分析法结果进行了比较,建立了回归关系。但是这种半离体方法仍然需要依赖荷术动物,并非真正的离体测试方法。另外该方法因为尼龙袋在动物消化道内的滞留时间差异较大,且难以调控,往往导致实验的重复性较差。丹麦学者Boisen等和法国学者Jaguelin等提出了先用pH2.0的胃蛋白酶处理,再用胰蛋白酶处理,再用5ml 20%的磺基水杨酸沉淀未被消化的蛋白质,经过滤后,由样品和未消化残渣含量计算出粗蛋白的体外消化率。虽然测得的结果异系数很低,但体外法和体内法测得的结果相关性不强。这一方法尽管可以克服采用小肠液酶活不稳定的缺陷,但反应过程仍然是在封闭容器中进行的。
为了克服上述存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供了一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法,利用半透膜的透析管替代动物的肠道,用酶替代肠道的消化液对饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的测定,提高了饲料配方的准确性,保证了饲料加工企业生产出优质高效饲料。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案,根据仿生学原理,利用具有半透膜性质的透析管替代动物的肠道,用标准的酶替代肠道的消化液采用如下的适宜条件是:准确称取1g样品(精确至0.0001)于三角瓶中,在温度为25-40℃水浴下,加pH1.5-2.5的胃蛋白酶溶液(浓度为0.0001-0.01g/ml),水解2-8小时,经中和后转移至透析管中,再加pH6.5-8.5的胰蛋白酶溶液(浓度为0.00025-0.05g/ml),然后将透析管置于定量透析液的恒温反应器中,水解22-26小时,然后定量分析透析液或残渣中蛋白质和氨基酸含量。依据如下公式计算出饲料蛋白质和氨基酸的体外消化率测定结果,利用相应的回归预测模型体(表1),可以方便地预测生长猪体内饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率。
              D%=[1-(Nr*R)/(Nr*I)]*100
              或D%=[(Nt*T)/(Ni*I)]*100
符号说明:Ni、Nr和Nt分别表示样品、消化残渣和透析液中的营养物质浓度,I、R和T分别表示样品、残渣和透析液的重量。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和效果,工艺简便,方法易行,可根据相应的线性回归模型预测生长猪体内饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率。用本方法测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率可以摆脱对试验动物的依赖,缩短试验周期,特别适宜饲料加工企业在批量评价饲料原料时使用,提高饲料配方的准确性,保证饲料加工企业能稳定生产优质高效饲料,具有广泛的社会和经济效益。
实施例:
常用猪饲料(秘鲁鱼粉、国产鱼粉、菜粕、棉粕等)样品蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的测定。按常规采样方法取样,将原料粉碎过1mm分析筛,然后取1g样品(准确至0.0001)于三角瓶中,加pH值为1.5-2.5的胃蛋白酶溶液(浓度为0.0001-0.01g/m),在温度25-40℃水浴下,水解2-8小时,经中和后全量转移至透析管中。加pH值为6.5-8.5的胰蛋白酶溶液(浓度为0.00025-0.05g/ml),再水解24小时。然后定量分析透析液或残渣中蛋白质和氨基酸的含量,即可测定样品的蛋白质和氨基酸体外消化率(表2)。同时根据相应的线性回归模型(表1)可以较方便地预测出这些样品的蛋白质和氨基酸回肠末端消化率(表3)。
      表1体外透析管法与回肠末端消化率的回归预测模型指    标       截距       斜率         R       显著性检验粗蛋白质      32.97      1.0129     0.9999        **天冬氨酸      42.48      0.8137     0.9904        **谷氨酸        41.20      0.8366     0.9950        **丝氨酸        37.31      0.9364     0.9714        *甘氨酸      26.21           1.1466       0.9990      **组氨酸      31.41           1.0578       0.9715      *精氨酸      41.06           0.8477       0.9405      *苏氨酸      26.25           1.1530       0.9568      *丙氨酸      31.47           1.0744       0.9814      *脯氨酸      33.82           1.0046       0.9696      *酪氨酸      23.32           1.1864       0.9778      *缬氨酸      39.75           0.8480       0.9608      *甲硫氨酸    29.18           1.0874       0.9978      **异亮氨酸    37.04           0.9297       0.9823      *亮 氨 酸    32.08           1.0381       0.9851      *苯丙氨酸    32.89           1.0299       0.9955      **赖 氨 酸    31.80           1.0301       0.9762      *总氨基酸    34.65           0.9780       0.9939      **
          表2几种蛋白质饲料的蛋白质和氨基酸体外消化率(%)指    标        进口鱼粉       国产鱼粉          菜粕            棉粕粗蛋白质    58.97a±0.84   47.56d±0.81    55.50b±0.89    52.00c±0.44天冬氨酸    61.59a±0.13   47.55d±0.22    58.52b±0.38    54.02c±0.46谷 氨 酸    62.05a±0.27   47.60d±0.23    59.50b±0.13    52.65c±0.42丝 氨 酸    57.65a±0.29   46.35d±0.11    55.27b±0.18    51.33c±0.37甘 氨 酸    58.13a±0.04   47.61d±0.20    54.60b±0.33    51.62c±0.27组 氨 酸    58.45a±0.04   47.15d±0.31    53.00b±0.30    51.26c±0.34精 氨 酸    58.99a±0.33   47.31d±0.23    59.35b±0.35    52.00c±0.34苏 氨 酸    58.10a±0.24   48.87d±0.12    53.16b±0.13    50.90c±0.36丙 氨 酸    57.80a±0.30   46.87d±0.25    52.05b±0.22    49.38c±0.33脯 氨 酸    57.15a±0.28   47.15d±0.23    56.67b±0.17    51.15c±0.14酪 氨 酸    62.50a±0.24   47.60d±0.30    55.60b±0.03    51.65c±0.21缬氨酸      63.61a±0.27    48.24d±0.21    57.35b±0.40    53.75c±0.24甲硫氨酸    59.01a±0.14    47.83d±0.33    54.35b±0.24    53.65c±0.45异亮氨酸    60.55a±0.10    48.01d±0.21    54.95b±0.34    52.50c±0.44亮氨酸      59.10a±0.30    47.31d±0.22    54.09b±0.08    51.35c±0.28苯丙氨酸    57.96a±0.22    46.31d±0.14    54.50b±0.11    51.09c±0.36赖氨酸      59.34a±0.28    47.74d±0.15    56.13b±0.22    53.65c±0.65总氨基酸    59.50a±0.25    47.47d±0.20    55.57b±0.12    51.96c±0.26
*同一横行肩标字母相同者表示差异不显著(p>0.05);字母相临者表示差异显著(p<0.05);字母相间者表示差异极显著(p<0.01)。下表同。
        表3几种蛋白质饲料的蛋白质和氨基酸回肠末端消化率(%)*指标      进口鱼粉         国产鱼粉            菜粕              棉粕粗蛋白质  92.66a±0.68   81.13d±1.13    89.26b±0.43    85.62c±1.08天冬氨酸  92.71a±0.48   81.62d±0.74    90.53b±1.09    85.42c±0.41谷氨酸    92.59a±0.66   81.06d±0.40    91.72b±0.19    84.96c±0.27丝氨酸    93.56a±0.66   81.27d±0.54    87.76b±1.29    84.88c±0.33甘氨酸    93.03a±1.29   81.00d±0.82    88.71b±1.65    85.12c±0.27组氨酸    92.56a±0.56   80.86d±0.56    91.29b±0.17    84.94c±0.10精氨酸    93.32a±0.26   81.23d±0.46    89.28b±0.41    84.92c±0.13苏氨酸    92.32a±0.59   81.31d±0.68    89.31b±1.33    85.37c±0.56丙氨酸    92.91a±0.18   80.99d±0.01    88.71b±0.51    84.73c±0.58脯氨酸    92.71a±0.52   81.38d±0.78    89.29b±1.23    85.01c±0.08酪氨酸    92.95a±0.64   81.03d±0.92    88.67b±0.66    82.72c±0.62缬氨酸    92.67a±0.54   80.78d±0.44    88.77b±0.46    84.91c±0.18

Claims (1)

1、一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法,其特征在于将原料粉碎过1mm筛,取1g样品于瓶中,在温度25-40℃水浴下,胃蛋白酶溶液的浓度为0.0001-0.01g/ml,pH值为1.5-2.5,水解2-8小时,经中和后转移至透析管中,胰蛋白酶溶液为0.00025-0.05g/ml,pH值为6.5-8.5,水解22-26小时。
CN 00114535 2000-04-29 2000-04-29 一种测定饲料蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的体外透析管方法 Pending CN1321775A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109596837A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-09 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 一种猪饲料蛋白质消化率的仿生消化测定方法
CN110546499A (zh) * 2017-02-13 2019-12-06 赢创德固赛有限公司 确定对饲料原料营养价值的加工影响的方法
CN113702568A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-26 福建傲农生物科技集团股份有限公司 一种动物性蛋白质饲料胃蛋白酶消化率的测定方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110546499A (zh) * 2017-02-13 2019-12-06 赢创德固赛有限公司 确定对饲料原料营养价值的加工影响的方法
CN109596837A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2019-04-09 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 一种猪饲料蛋白质消化率的仿生消化测定方法
CN113702568A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-26 福建傲农生物科技集团股份有限公司 一种动物性蛋白质饲料胃蛋白酶消化率的测定方法

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