CN1317954C - Vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1317954C CN1317954C CNB2003101189385A CN200310118938A CN1317954C CN 1317954 C CN1317954 C CN 1317954C CN B2003101189385 A CNB2003101189385 A CN B2003101189385A CN 200310118938 A CN200310118938 A CN 200310118938A CN 1317954 C CN1317954 C CN 1317954C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plant source of vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and a preparation method thereof. The vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent is composed of ginko outer seed coat extract, ethanol and other solvent and surface active agent. The present invention has the preparation method that ginko outer seed coat is pulverized, refluxed and extracted by methanol; extraction liquid is concentrated and extracted by anhydrous industrial alcohol to obtain the concentrated extraction liquid; the surfactant, the alcohol and the other solvent and the ginko outer seed coat extract are mixed in a homogenizer, stirred for 30 minutes and cooled to a normal temperature to obtain the vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent. The vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent has obvious killing effect on extracorporeal parasites of aquatic animals, particularly finger-ring parasites, pseudo finger-ring parasites, three-generation parasites and other worms and has the advantages of no pollution, little drug resistance, no influence on the eating and the growth of the aquatic animals, low dosage consumption, low cost and convenience to replace chemical insecticide. Thevegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent is used for preventing and treating the parasites of various fishes in fresh water sea water and other aquatic animals and has good social and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bio-pharmaceuticals, be particularly suitable for the raw material of a kind of phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals that culture fishery uses and the preparation method of preparation thereof.
Background technology
The aquatic livestock parasite control is the important leverage measure of culture fishery economic benefit.Aquatic livestock parasitosis incidence height, popular extensively, wherein the vermin of harmfulness maximum has former insects such as Trichodina, little melonworm; Vermes such as genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus; Crustacean such as cat head carp louse etc.Current, insecticides such as dichlorvos, orthene, malachite green, mercurous nitrate are because poor stability, contaminated environment and to the harm of the human potentiality use that has been under an embargo on aquatic products.Control aquatic livestock parasite Vermes disease adopts chemical agent such as materials such as mebendasol, praziquantel, bitin, Avermectin, formalin, chlorophos, pyrethroid, methylene blue, potassium permanganate and heavy metallic salt more both at home and abroad at present.These medicines generally all have strong impulse or corrosivity, use the back that feed, the growth of aquatic livestock are had very big influence, directly influence productivity.Above-mentioned medicine is difficult for degraded in environment, cause pollution of waterhead easily, and the some of them material also can cause biological concentration, directly jeopardizes human food security and healthy.Along with the development of culture fishery, breed intensification degree is more and more higher, and the disease in the aquaculture is serious trend, and parasite has produced very high pesticide resistance to insecticidal materials commonly used.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention provide a kind of do not influence aquatic product quality, noresidue, pollution-free, to parasite be difficult for developing immunity to drugs, do not influence the feed of aquatic livestock and growth, to aquatic livestock safety, using dosage is low, cost is little, easy to use, phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals that fully can the instead of chemical insecticide.
Another goal of the invention of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals.
The technical scheme that realizes goal of the invention is to solve like this: the phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals, its outstanding progress is that described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 20～75 parts of extracts of gingko episperm (being commonly called as gingko skin (Ginkgo exocarp)), 10～75 parts of solvents, 5.0～10 parts in surfactant, described solvent mainly refers to ethanol, described surfactant mainly is meant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture, and the ratio of described dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture is 5: 1
The preparation method of phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals, undertaken by following step successively:
A, with the gingko episperm pulverized under 60～70 ℃ of temperature, extract with methanol eddy, concentrated extracting solution and evaporate to dryness methyl alcohol are liquid extract, with the anhydrous industrial alcohol extraction, concentrated extract gets the gingko episperm extract to the 15-25% of gingko episperm dry weight;
B, will surfactant, gingko episperm extract, solvent add in the homogenizer by the mass fraction of described prescription regulation and mix, and stirred 30 minutes down at 50～60 ℃, is cooled to normal temperature, promptly gets the phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals.
Preparation of the present invention make usage and consumption: directly splash in the pond, using dosage is: 2ml/m3
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
Utilize phyteral to carry out disease control of aquatic animal and compare with chemical agent, have do not influence aquatic product quality, noresidue, pollution-free, to its be difficult for developing immunity to drugs, do not influence the feed of aquatic livestock and growth, to advantages such as aquatic livestock safety.The present invention develops the external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals of pure plant source, test shows, this medicine is to colonizing in particularly Dactylogyrus of aquatic livestock vermin, genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla, worms such as Gyrodactylus have significant killing action, all as safe as a house to aquatic livestock and environment, and also have using dosage low, cost is little, characteristics such as easy to use, fully can the instead of chemical insecticide on producing, the nuisance-free plant matter aquatic livestock parasite control agent of environmentally safe is widely used in mandarin fish, perch, carp, grass carp, eel, porgy, multiple fresh water such as flounder, vermin (the protozoon of seawater fish, worm) control agent.Have good social and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 20～75 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 10～75 parts of solvents, 5.0～10 parts in surfactant, described solvent mainly refers to ethanol, described surfactant mainly is meant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture, and the ratio of described dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture is 5: 1.
Embodiment 2
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals by mass fraction is: 30～65 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 20～55 parts of solvents, 6～9 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 3
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals by mass fraction is: 40～55 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 30～45 parts of solvents, 7～8 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 4
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals by mass fraction is: 45～50 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 35～40 parts of solvents, 7～8 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 5
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals is pressed: mass fraction is: 65 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 25 parts of ethanol equal solvents, 10 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 6
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals is pressed: mass fraction is: 60 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 32 parts of ethanol equal solvents, 8 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 7
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals is pressed: mass fraction is: 55 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 37 parts of solvents, 8 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 8
The phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals is pressed: mass fraction is: 45 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 47 parts of solvents, 8 parts in surfactant.
Embodiment 9
Take by weighing 100 parts of the gingko episperms of pulverizing, under 60～70 ℃ of temperature, extract with methanol eddy, concentrated extracting solution and evaporate to dryness methyl alcohol, extract is flowing soaking paste, extracts with anhydrous industrial alcohol, concentrated extract obtains 25 parts of gingko episperm concentrates, adds in the homogenizer, add 70 parts of ethanol etc. again, 5 parts in surfactant, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 4.2 Tween-80s are 1.8 parts, stir 30 minutes down at 50～60 ℃, be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get the parasite control agent.
Embodiment 10
Take by weighing 100 parts of the gingko episperms of pulverizing, under 60～70 ℃ of temperature, extract with methanol eddy, concentrated extracting solution and evaporate to dryness methyl alcohol, extract is flowing soaking paste, extracts with anhydrous industrial alcohol, concentrated extract obtains 50 parts of gingko episperm concentrates, adds in the homogenizer, add 40 parts of ethanol etc. again, 10 parts in surfactant, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 8.4 parts, 1.6 parts of Tween-80s, stirred 30 minutes down at 55～58 ℃, be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get the parasite control agent.
Preparation is in sum pressed mass fraction and is made up of gingko episperm extract, ethanol equal solvent, surfactant basically.
Experimental example:
1.1 material
Trial test is purchased in the fishing ground, Xianyang with healthy goldfish seedling, and body weight is at 0.8～2g/ tail; Eel is provided by eel field, FuQing, Fujian Province city.The test medication is parasite control agent among the embodiment 1.
1.2 method
1.2.1 the infection of Dactylogyrus
Goldfish seedling after transporting back by the fishing ground, at first carry out the bacteriosis prevention with the 2mg/L Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, after culturing normally by 3～5d, in aquarium, the Dactylogyrus that adopts certain method will preserve on the fish gill of Dactylogyrus infects on the healthy fish gill, and about 25 ℃ of water temperatures of control, add a certain amount of new water every day, approximately cultivate through 4～6d, fish for microscopy to infecting the fish random sampling, if just infection rate is 100%, carry out the test of pesticide effectiveness when 6 above Dactylogyrus being arranged in each visual field down for 10 * 4 times.
Eel by the eel field air transport of FuQing, Fujian Province city to laboratory, average weight 4.5g/ tail, infection rate is 100%, in each visual field 10 above genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla is arranged down at 10 * 4 times on inspection.
1.2.2 the test of pesticide effectiveness
Experimental condition: trial test is carried out in the laboratory, adopts the white enamel basin of diameter 36cm, high 11cm, and test water be that running water 5000ml, the pH value of gas fully cruelly is 7.0-7.5, experimental period water temperature be changed to 25 ± 2 ℃.Add the running water 1L of fully sudden and violent gas with a plurality of identical aquariums, 25 ± 2 ℃ of control water temperatures, pH value is 7.0～7.5, put fish in a suitable place to breed after, contain the oxygen need more than 5mg/L.
Determining and the test grouping of trial drug concentration: at first carry out trial test by the gradient incremental method, again in minimum effective concentration, kill near the principle that increases progressively by gradient parasite valid density and the highest effective dose concentration range fully and set up experimental group, and establish control group.In each aquarium, put fish 20 tails of fishing for infection at random in a suitable place to breed, sampling is dissected after dosing 24,48,72, during 96h, gets gill film-making, and mirror is observed parasite disappearance situation down, and record.Each experimental group repeats 3 times.
1.3 result of the test
1.3.1 according to the method for 1.2.2, carry out the test of pesticide effectiveness, the results are shown in Table 1.Liquor strength is with the densimeter of preparation.
Insecticidal preparation control aquatic livestock parasite drug effect result during table 1 48h
| The concentration test item | Drug concentration (ml/m 3) | ||||||||
| 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.4 | |
| Parasite disappearance situation, (%) genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla Dactylogyrus Gyrodactylus ichthyism lethality, (%) goldfish eel | 1％ 12％ 12％ 0 0 | 20％ 30％ 30％ 0 0 | 45％ 75％ 75％ 0 0 | 87％ 98％ 98％ 0 0 | 95％ 100％ 100％ 0 0 | 98％ 100％ 100％ 0 0 | 100％ 100％ 100％ 0 0 | 100％ 100％ 100％ 0 0 | 100％ 100％ 100％ 0 2 |
Nuisance-free plant is killed the fish vermin and is prevented being in harmony the treatment of agent to eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla disease:
The vermin of harm aquatic livestock mainly contains Trichodina, little melonworm, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus, cat head carp louse etc.Current, prevent and treat the aquatic livestock parasitosis both at home and abroad and adopt chemical substances such as chlorophos, heavy metallic salt more.Not only effect is undesirable, and contaminated environment, residual and jeopardize human body health.Used " nuisance-free plant is killed the fish external parasite preventing and treating agent ", the eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla disease that 3 plants take place has been carried out therapeutic test, effect is remarkable.Now related content is reported as follows.
The test site situation
3 foster eel fields are flowing water breeding way and big pond fish farming mode (seeing Table 1).
The sick therapeutic test of three foster eels of table 1. field eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla field situation
| The field name | Test area (mu) | Specification and quantity | The morbidity kind | Breeding way |
| A B C | 30 18 256 | Black young eel is totally 1 00 ten thousand tails, elver 900,000 tails become eel 700,000 tails. | Main genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla disease; Gyrodactylus, Trichodina have concurrently. | Flowing water is cultured flowing water and is cultured big pond fish farming |
The morbidity clinical symptoms
The sick serious fish of genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla is taken place, and it is blunt to occur ingesting, and food ration reduces, and gill filament mucus increases, and symptoms such as mad trip appear in expiratory dyspnea in the pond.Sampling check immediately, 4 * 10 times of low power lens inspections, 10～15 of genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla survivals, for this disease is fallen ill serious period, the time be medication treatment standard.
Materials and methods
1. for the examination fish: black young eel is totally 100 ten thousand tails, and elver 900,000 tails become eel 700,000 tails.
2. trial drug: nuisance-free plant is killed the eliminating fish parasites aqueous emulsion, specification 1000ml/ bottle, effective content 30%.
3. method: by every cubic metre of water dosage, measure medicine after, water dilutes, and splashes to get final product in the water surface.48h after medication, flowing water culture the pond and adopt the mode of tentatively changing water to change Chi Shui, and pond fish farming take directly the to annotate mode of new water greatly.Medication gets final product for 1 time during morbidity.
4. safety assessment: by operation instruction, 48h after medication, observe the eel state of mind, ingest etc. has no abnormal.
5. drug effect evaluation: 24h, 48h after dispensing, fish for the treatment fish at random and carry out sediments microscope inspection, observe the eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla and have or not or survival condition.
Effect
1. safety assessment: 48h after medication, the eel state of mind is normal, and food ration slightly reduces, and does not have other unusual generation.Illustrate that this medicine is safe to eel.
2. drug effect evaluation: 24h, 48h after dispensing, each cultures eel 5 tails that all size for the treatment of is fished in the pond at random, gets the film-making of the fish gill and observes with sediments microscope inspection, and the eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla survival of observation the results are shown in Table shown in 2.
Table 2. dispensing back 24h, 48h, three sick therapeutic test results of foster eel field eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla
| The field name | Test area (mu) | Each microscopy quantity | Year medication number of times | 24h killing rate % | 48h killing rate % |
| A | 30 | Black young eel 5 * 3 tail elvers 5 * 4 tails become eel 5 * 6 tails | 2 times 4 times 7 times | 89.2 86.5 92.7 | 98.9 99.9 98.5 |
| B | 18 | Black young eel 5 * 2 tail elvers 5 * 2 tails | 2 times 4 times 7 times | 91.0 94.6 92.5 | 100 98.7 95.6 |
| Become eel 5 * 4 tails | |||||
| C | 256 | Black young eel 5 * 4 tail elvers 5 * 6 tails become eel 5 * 6 tails | 2 times 3 times 7 times | 85.2 83.2 90.0 | 95.8 96.9 95.2 |
Conclusion
" nuisance-free plant is killed eliminating fish parasites control agent " is a kind of to the sick effective medicine as safe as a house of eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla, has very high promotional value.In process of the test, each medication can be killed the eel genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla basically fully, in the drug use process, because the calculating of water body amount is variant, deficiency is arranged during dosage, and only a few fish body occurring extremely indivedual parasites survivals, but does not influence total result of treatment.Because the water source is the river, breeding water body must be subjected to the infection of external genus Pseudodactylogrus from Anguilla anguilla, so, general every interval 40～50 days, medication 1 time is cultured successfully guaranteeing.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals, it is characterized in that described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 20～75 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 10～75 parts of solvents, 5.0～10 parts in surfactant, described solvent mainly refers to ethanol, described surfactant mainly is meant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture, and the ratio of described dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween-80 mixture is 5: 1.
2, phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals according to claim 1 is characterized in that described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 30～65 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 20～55 parts of solvents, 6～9 parts in surfactant.
3, phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 40～55 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 30～45 parts of solvents, 7～8 parts in surfactant.
4, phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described preparation basic composition is by mass fraction: 45～50 parts of gingko episperm extracts, 35～40 parts of solvents, 7～8 parts in surfactant.
5, the preparation method of the described phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals of claim 1～4 is characterized in that being undertaken by following step successively:
A, with the gingko episperm pulverized under 60～70 ℃ of temperature, extract with methanol eddy, concentrated extracting solution and evaporate to dryness methyl alcohol are liquid extract, with the anhydrous industrial alcohol extraction, concentrated extract is to the 10-30% of gingko episperm dry weight, the gingko episperm extract;
B, will surfactant, gingko episperm extract, solvent add in the homogenizer by the mass fraction of described prescription regulation and mix, and stirred 30 minutes down at 50～60 ℃, is cooled to normal temperature, promptly gets the phyteral external parasite preventing and treating agent for aquatic product animals.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2003101189385A CN1317954C (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | Vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CNB2003101189385A CN1317954C (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | Vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1545890A CN1545890A (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| CN1317954C true CN1317954C (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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| CNB2003101189385A Expired - Fee Related CN1317954C (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2003-12-17 | Vegetable matter aquatic animal ectoparasite prevention and cure agent and preparation method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101069682B (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-12-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Use of C20H27O3 in preparing fish medicine, its preparation and preparing method |
| CN103749550B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-09-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of method fully utilizing gingko episperm |
| CN110151910A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 石家庄九鼎动物药业有限公司 | A kind of antiparasite drugs for animals albendazole ivermectin piece and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1141182A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-01-29 | 卢长林 | Ginkgo liquid medicine for treating dermatitis |
| CN1210004A (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 1999-03-10 | 卢长林 | Process for extracting dry extracts from outer seed coat of ginkgo |
| CN1382379A (en) * | 2001-10-13 | 2002-12-04 | 石启田 | Biologic agricultural chemical prepared from liposoluble extract of gingko testa and its preparing process |
| CN1398524A (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-26 | 浙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Application of ginkgo as plant pesticide |
-
2003
- 2003-12-17 CN CNB2003101189385A patent/CN1317954C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1141182A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-01-29 | 卢长林 | Ginkgo liquid medicine for treating dermatitis |
| CN1210004A (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 1999-03-10 | 卢长林 | Process for extracting dry extracts from outer seed coat of ginkgo |
| CN1382379A (en) * | 2001-10-13 | 2002-12-04 | 石启田 | Biologic agricultural chemical prepared from liposoluble extract of gingko testa and its preparing process |
| CN1398524A (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-02-26 | 浙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Application of ginkgo as plant pesticide |
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