CN1317930A - 杀虫组合物 - Google Patents

杀虫组合物 Download PDF

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CN1317930A
CN1317930A CN99810888A CN99810888A CN1317930A CN 1317930 A CN1317930 A CN 1317930A CN 99810888 A CN99810888 A CN 99810888A CN 99810888 A CN99810888 A CN 99810888A CN 1317930 A CN1317930 A CN 1317930A
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acetic acid
citric acid
surfactant
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约翰·S·罗耶克
玛格丽特·安妮·罗耶克
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ECOVAL Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10Macromolecular compounds

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Abstract

一种苹果酸、柠檬酸及抗坏血酸中至少一种和醋酸的含水组合物,该组合物可用作杀虫组合物。该组合物可含有表面活性剂、肥皂和/或丙二醇。

Description

杀虫组合物
发明领域
本发明涉及一种醋酸含水组合物,特别涉及一种柠檬酸、苹果酸及抗坏血酸中至少一种和醋酸的含水组合物,其可用作杀虫剂。该组合物还可含有少量的表面活性剂、肥皂和/或丙二醇。
发明背景
已知醋酸和柠檬酸的协同结合物可用作除草剂,这公开于美国专利5,573,997和5,705,455中。该组合物中所含有醋酸和柠檬酸的基本重量比为约10∶1至约0.5∶1,且柠檬酸的浓度高达约10wt%。
可将除草剂配制成为有效且快速杀死所有植物性生长物,包括一般难以杀死的杂草和禾本科植物。另外,该除草剂也可配制成为有选择性的除草剂,如只杀死一般的草类而不影响禾木科植物。该除草剂也可用作脱叶剂。
相反,根据使用的特别方法,需要杀虫组合物麻痹或杀死侵害植物的害虫而不杀植物。因此,需要杀虫剂完全没有除草活性,或至多只有轻微的除草活性,从而能够不杀害虫的寄主植物。如果使用杀虫剂的人发现了任何植物的凋萎,那么这种杀虫剂一般就会被认为是不可接受的。此外,还有一点很重要,那就是杀虫剂应具有下述特性,即可应用于如蔬菜等可食用原料,或能够安全地应用于蔬菜而不会对包括人在内的动物产生有害作用。一些此类杀虫组合物已为大家所共知。
发明简介
现在已发现一种杀虫组合物,它可有效地防治各种害虫,而没有或只有很少的除草特性。这种杀虫组合物可配制成能麻痹或杀死害虫,也可配制成能有效除掉一些常见害虫。此外,这种杀虫组合物可应用于可食用植物材料和其它蔬菜,而不会对包括人在内的动物产生有害作用。并且,该杀虫组合物对环境无害。
因此,本发明的一个方面是提供一种含柠檬酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸中至少一种和醋酸的含水组合物,所述组合物可有效地用作杀虫剂。
本发明的另一个方面是提供一种含醋酸和柠檬酸的含水组合物,所述组合物可有效地用作杀虫剂。
本发明的再一个方面是提供一种醋酸和柠檬酸的含水杀虫组合物,当用作杀虫剂时,所述组合物比相同浓度的醋酸或柠檬酸更有效。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,醋酸和柠檬酸的浓度以组合物不对蕃茄呈现出除草特性为准。
本发明的再一个方面是提供一种醋酸和柠檬酸的含水杀虫组合物,醋酸和柠檬酸的重量比为10∶1至1∶1,优选为4∶1至1∶1,醋酸的浓度小于8g/l。
本发明的又一个方面是提供醋酸和柠檬酸的含水组合物作为杀虫剂的用途,特别是其不具有除草活性的用途。
本发明还提供含醋酸和表面活性剂的杀虫组合物和含柠檬酸和表而活性剂的杀虫组合物。发明详述
本发明涉及一种醋酸的含水杀虫组合物,特别是柠檬酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸中至少一种和醋酸的含水杀虫组合物。但是,结合关于醋酸和柠檬酸的含水杀虫组合物的优选实施例将对本发明作特别的描述。
醋酸和柠檬酸的结合显示出作为杀虫剂的协同效果,其最终用作杀虫剂的组合物在相同的浓度下,比醋酸或柠檬酸单独使用的相关组合物更有效。并且,杀虫组合物也可以这样的方式配制,即醋酸和柠檬酸的浓度调为使杀虫组合物不呈现出除草特性,尤其是不对蕃茄、卷心菜、蔷薇科及胡椒、阔叶植物和/或其它蔬菜呈现除草特性。
在实施方案中,本发明的组合物具有醋酸和柠檬酸在含水溶液中的协同结合性。醋酸组份可由本地的白醋方便地提供;而柠檬酸也可由柠檬汁或其它柑桔类水果方便地提供。但是,可以理解,这些组份中的一种或全部均可使用工业原料。例如,组合物可用冰醋酸来配制。
醋酸和柠檬酸在杀虫组合物中的重量比可在很大的范围内变化,如可在约10∶1至约1∶1的范围内,优选在4∶1至1∶1的范围内。在实施方案中,醋酸和柠檬酸的重量比在4∶1至约2∶1的范围内。
使用的杀虫组合物可含低于100g/l的醋酸和50g/l的柠檬酸。优选醋酸的量为10g/l,特别优选4g/l。
组合物应含有至少1g/l的醋酸和0.5g/l的柠檬酸。优选组合物含有约4g/l的醋酸和2g/l的柠檬酸。
醋酸和柠檬酸组合物的杀虫特性可通过添加表面活性剂、植物油、烯类二醇和/或肥皂来增强。虽然已知肥皂可用作杀虫组合物,但本发明添加入组合物的肥皂的量比在杀虫组合物中用作活性成份的肥皂的量要小。
可相信许多种表面活性剂可以使用。
烯类二醇的实例包括丙二醇。
肥皂的实例包括杀虫性肥皂。
一种特别优选的组合物含有醋酸、柠檬酸和表面活性剂,特别是一种可市购的SpontoTM 300T表面活性剂。其它表面活性剂也可用。表面活性剂的量为0.1-40g/l,优选为1-5g/l。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,柠檬酸可全部或部分地用苹果酸和/或抗坏血酸代替。因此,该组合物可以是醋酸与一种或一种以上选自柠檬酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸的酸组成。醋酸和其它酸的浓度已在上述关于柠檬酸的使用中说明过了。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中,醋酸可与表面活性剂用作杀虫剂,可添加也可不添加柠檬酸或其它酸。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,柠檬酸可与表面活性剂用作杀虫剂,可添加也可不添加醋酸或其它酸。
杀虫组合物可以配制为可对一种或一种以上害虫有效。此外,该杀虫组合物也可配制成杀死害虫或仅仅麻痹害虫。在后者中,它可有益地用于喷洒蔬菜(如室内栽培植物等),从而麻痹害虫并将其从植物上除去。这种使用是有益的,因为如果杀虫剂的浓度较高可能会对植物有害。
可以相信,表面活性剂、肥皂和丙二醇可以将醋酸和柠檬酸组合物有效地渗透进入害虫,从而提高其效力。因此,表面活性剂、肥皂和丙二醇会增强酸的毒性。但是,这种毒性的增强效果与害虫种类有关,下文的实施将示出抵抗或防御性效果的例了。例如,在醋酸和柠檬酸中添加表面活性剂和肥皂对叶甲科的甲虫就有防御性效果,而对玉米根部蠕虫则没有此效果。
在以下的实施例中,除非作相反说明,只认为有一种害虫置于干净的玻璃烧杯中对其喷洒所要测试的杀虫组合物。然后立即将害虫转移至一干净、干燥的烧瓶中并且用棉纸覆盖。害虫在后者烧瓶中保留24小时,在此时间内观察害虫。
所要测试的杀虫组合配制成含水溶液。在实施例中给出了各成份具体的量,除非特别说明,以g/l计。
通过下述实施例对本发明进行说明。
实施例1
如表1所示,制备各种组合物。
用北方玉米根部蠕虫成虫(长角甲虫)对组合物进行测试。如上所述对害虫进行处理和测试。
得到的结果示于表1。
Wilson’s Insecticidal SoapTM是脂肪酸的链烷醇胺盐,按照P.C.P.Act第21111号登记的。Wilson’s Insecticidal Soap为25%的含水浓缩液,其一般用量是1升水中加入50ml。推荐将叶子的顶部和底部完全覆盖或将植物浸入溶液中。
已发现本文所用的酸和肥皂的溶液(50g/l肥皂,4g醋酸和2g柠檬酸(每升))在短时间内如15分钟内形成沉淀(凝乳状物),说明酸和肥皂的结合不适于用作杀虫剂。
                   表1样品  溶液*                   死亡  存活    控制%1     4g aa                     0     10      02     2g ca                     0     10      03     4g aa+2gca                1     9       104     1g Surf                   0     10      05     5g Surf                   6     4       606     4g aa+2g ca+1g Surf       1     9       107     4g aa+2g ca+1g Surf+50PG  4     6       408     5g肥皂                    0     10      09     10g肥皂                   0     10      010    50g肥皂                   4     6       4011    4g aa+2g ca+10g肥皂       6     4       6012    2g aa+1g ca+5g Surf       8     2       8013    50g aa+25g ca             10    0       10014    12g aa+6g ca              1     9       1015    12g aa                    0     10      016    12g aa+6g ca+1g Surf      10    0       10017    50g aa+0.1g Surf          10    0       10018    50g aa                    3     7       3019    25g ca                    2     8       2020    25g ca+0.1g Surf          3     7       30
*注:
aa为醋酸
ca为柠檬酸
PG为丙二醇
Surf为表面活性剂
Soap为Wilson’s Insecticidal SoapTM浓缩液
结果示出50g/l醋酸起到了部分控制作用,相当于25g/l柠檬酸的作用。但是,50g/l醋酸和25g/l柠檬酸的结果起到了100%的控制作用。
表面活性剂的添加使酸的浓度大大降低了,但仍提供了100%的控制作用;如实施例14使用12g/l醋酸和6g/l柠檬酸就起到了10%的控制作用,但添加的1g/l表面活性剂使控制作用增加到了100%(实施例16)。1g/l表面活性剂未造成致死效果(实施例4)。
已知肥皂是杀虫剂,测试的肥皂是杀虫剂肥皂。结果显示,根据浓缩物50g/l的肥皂提供40%的控制作用。当浓缩物的浓度为10g/l时,没有控制作用。当其与醋酸和柠檬酸结合使用时提供的相当高的控制水平。
当将醋酸和柠檬酸与丙二醇、表面活性剂和/或肥皂结合使用时,在抵抗北方玉米根蠕虫方面呈现出不同的有效率。
结果示出醋酸加柠檬酸在活性方面具协同效果,且此协同活性可通过添加表面活性剂得到增强,但当添加过量的杀虫剂肥皂时却降低了该协同活性。
本实施例示出,基于醋酸和柠檬酸结合的杀虫剂是有效的杀虫剂。
实施例Ⅱ
用跳甲虫重复上述步骤。得到如下结果:
                 表2样品    溶液*               死亡  存活 控制%22      4g aa+2g aa+5g Surf    10    0    10023      4g aa+2g ca+1g Surf    10    0    10024      4g aa+2g ca+0.1g Surf  10    0    10025      1g Surf                0     10   026      10g Soap               0     10   027      4g aa+2g ca+10g Soap   6     4    028      50g Soap               10    0    10029      4g aa+2g ca            0    10   0
*注:
aa为醋酸
ca为柠檬酸
PG为丙二醇
Surf为表面活性剂(SpontoTM300T)
Soap为Wilson’s Insecticidal SoapTM浓缩液
本实施例示出了醋酸、柠檬酸和表面活性剂的组合物是对跳甲虫有效的杀虫组合物,但对该组合物添加肥皂则降低了其有效性。因此,在有些情况下,本发明的组合物需要进行配制以有效防御某些特殊害虫。
实施例3
用蔷薇长管蚜重复上述步骤。得到的结果示于表3。
               表3样品  溶液*              死亡  存活 控制%30    4g aa+2g ca           0     10   031    12g aa+6g ca          10    0    10032    2g aa+1g ca+1g Surf   10    0    10033    4g aa+2g ca+0.1g Surf 8     2    8034    10g Soap              10    0    100
*注:
aa为醋酸
ca为柠檬酸
PG为丙二醇
Surf为表面活性剂(SpontoTM300T)
Soap为Wilson’s Insecticidal SoapTM浓缩液
本实施例示出了浓缩液防御蔷薇长管蚜的效果。另外,添加表面活性剂或肥皂也大大地增强了防御效果。
实施例4
用螨类和薯虫成虫及幼虫测试含4g醋酸、2g柠檬酸、1g表面活性剂和50g丙二醇的溶液。在所有情形中,都杀死了100%的害虫。
实施例5
用蔷薇尺蠖重复实施例1的步骤。得到的结果示于表4。
                表4样品  溶液*                死亡  存活 控制%35    10g Soap              10    0    10036    4gaa+2g ca            0     10   037    12g aa+6g ca          10    0    10038    2g aa+1g ca+1g Surf   10    0    10039    4g aa+2g ca+0.1 Surf  8     2    80
*注:
aa为醋酸
ca为柠檬酸
PG为丙二醇
Surf为表面活性剂(SpontoTM300T)
Soap为Wilson’s Insecticidal SoapTM浓缩液
实施例6
在卷心菜、蔷薇科植物、胡椒和蕃茄上测试组合物(ⅰ)4g/l醋酸、2g/l柠檬酸和1g/l SpontoTM300T和(ⅱ)4g/l醋酸、2g/l柠檬酸和5g/lSpontoTM300T表面活性剂。
未观察到有除草效果。
除上述实例外,还已发现,本发明的组合物对于许多害虫如蚜虫、蚤类、菜青虫、螨类、蓟马和甲虫类等会导致快速或甚至是瞬时麻痹。这些害虫会在一段时间后如30分钟至2小时苏醒。但是,如果组合物是致死性的而不仅仅是导致麻痹,这些害虫会变得瘫痪并呈现出颜色和/或形状的改变。一些害虫如蠕虫、蚜虫和蓟马趋于变得扁平。经常会发现害虫的周围有一些液体,可相信这是脱水效果的说明。
本发明提供的含水杀虫组合物是不损害环境的。该组合物是醋酸和柠檬酸的协同杀虫组合物,可选择性地含有表面活性剂、肥皂和/或丙二醇。优选组合物含有醋酸和柠檬酸及表面活性剂。
实施例7
除了将柠檬酸用苹果酸代替外,其它过程与实施例2相同。
得到的结果如下所示:
               表5样品  溶液*                 死亡 存活 控制%40    6g aa+3g ma+1g Surf     8    2    80
*注:
aa为醋酸
ma为苹果酸
Surf为表面活性剂(SpontoTM300T)
本实施例示出了醋酸和苹果酸的结合具有作为杀虫剂的效果。

Claims (19)

1.一种含有柠檬酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸中至少一种和醋酸的含水组合物,所述组合物具有作为杀虫剂的效果。
2.如权利要求1所述的含水杀虫组合物,其中所述组合物作为杀虫剂的效果比任何其它含有相同浓度的酸的杀虫剂都要好。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的含水组合物,其含有醋酸和柠檬酸。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的组合物,其中酸的浓度以组合物不对蕃茄呈现出除草性为准。
5.一种醋酸和柠檬酸的含水杀虫组合物,醋酸与柠檬酸的重量比10∶1至1∶1,醋酸的浓度小于8g/l。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中的比例为4∶1至1∶1。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一权利要求所述的组合物,其中组合物还含有表面活性剂、肥皂和丙二醇中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的杀虫组合物,其含有醋酸、柠檬酸和表面活性剂。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的杀虫组合物,其含有醋酸、柠檬酸和肥皂。
10.如权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的杀虫组合物,其含有醋酸、柠檬酸和丙二醇。
11.如权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的杀虫组合物,其含有醋酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸中至少一种和表面活性剂。
12.一种含醋酸和表面活性剂的杀虫组合物。
13.一种含柠檬酸和表面活性剂的杀虫组合物。
14.一种含有效杀虫剂量的表面活性剂的含水组合物。
15.如权利要求14所述的含水组合物,其含有效杀虫剂量的SpontoTM 300T表面活性剂。
16.如权利要求15所述的含水组合物,其中表面活性剂的量为至少5g/l。
17.权利要求1-16中任一权利要求所述的含水组合物作为杀虫剂的使用。
18.如权利要求17所述的使用,其没有除草活性。
19.将权利要求8所述的杀虫组合物用于防治跳甲虫。
CN99810888A 1998-09-15 1999-08-17 杀虫组合物 Pending CN1317930A (zh)

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