CN1317160C - 自安装式吸力锚或桩 - Google Patents

自安装式吸力锚或桩 Download PDF

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CN1317160C
CN1317160C CNB011432446A CN01143244A CN1317160C CN 1317160 C CN1317160 C CN 1317160C CN B011432446 A CNB011432446 A CN B011432446A CN 01143244 A CN01143244 A CN 01143244A CN 1317160 C CN1317160 C CN 1317160C
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suction
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CN1440904A (zh
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王翎羽
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NEPTUNE OFFSHORE ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
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HAIWANGXING OCEAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Co LTD TIANJIN CITY
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Abstract

一种自安装式吸力锚或桩,由锚筒、锚顶及锚顶立柱组成。其特点是在锚筒上具有一个密闭顶舱,其作用是在空舱状态下为吸力锚拖航提供自浮能力;通过向舱内有控注水实现平稳沉放;借助对舱内排水、排气减压,形成锚顶上下压差,实现吸力贯入。这些过程通过气操作完成。为此顶舱顶板装有连通空压机的进、排气管路,顶舱底板及侧壁分别装有通锚内及通海水的短管,所有管路的阀门均由水面工作船的控制台操作。这种带有顶舱的吸力锚或桩与传统的无顶舱的吸力锚或桩相比,其优越性在于可以实现自浮拖航、平稳沉放、吸力贯入的全过程自安装而不依赖于起重船,从而显著节约海上工程费用。

Description

自安装式吸力锚或桩
技术领域
本发明属于海洋工程领域吸力锚或桩结构型式及安装技术的创新。
背景技术
现有的吸力锚或桩的安装方式有水操作及气操作两种。二者均能实现海底贯入作业。气操作式还能借助向锚筒内充气而实现自浮拖航,此过程可不依赖于海上起重船,从而节省一定安装费用。但是充气的锚筒从水面向海底自由沉放过程中会遇到因水深渐增、筒内充气内压加大、体积变小,从而浮力迅速降低,致使锚体重力与浮力失去平衡,出现加速下沉的不稳定状态。在此情况下又不得不借助起重船。因此过去的吸力锚或桩的安装方式可以部分地实现自安装,而不能实现全然不依赖起重船的完全自安装。
本发明的目的在于通过对传统锚体结构的改进,实现从自浮拖航、自由沉放至吸力贯入的全过程自安装,而不依赖于起重船,从而显著节约海上工程费用。
发明内容
一种自安装式吸力锚或桩,由锚筒、锚顶及锚顶立柱组成,其特征在于所说锚筒的顶部具有一个由顶板、底板及侧壁构成的密封顶舱,这种密封顶舱可以与锚筒作与一体,即在锚筒顶板下面加一底板,构成一体式顶舱;也可以单独由顶板、底板、侧壁构成一个分体式顶舱而装于锚顶之上。两种型式的顶舱的顶板上均设有与空压机相连的进、排气管线;底板上均设有与锚内相通的进、排水短管;侧壁底端或底板上均设有与海水相通的进、排水短管;进、排气管线与进、排水短管均有阀门。阀门的控制台与空压机均设于水面工作船上。基于这套技术装置,通过水面船上控制台的操作便可实现所说吸力锚或桩的完全自安装。
其原理是:(1)密封顶舱的设计保证其浮力大于锚体的重力,从而在空舱状态下实现自浮拖航。(2)至目标地点,打开通海阀门,将海水引入顶舱,有控制地缓慢增加压载,使锚体在水中平稳下沉。(3)至锚端触及海底时,将顶舱水逐渐充满形成附加重力,克服表土阻力使锚端插入海底一定深度,保持稳定并形成锚端初始密封条件。(4)打开进气管线阀门向顶舱内压气、将水排空入海,控制顶舱浮力小于锚与顶舱合重,然后关闭通海阀门。(5)打开排气管线阀门,对顶舱排气减压,降至大气压力,同时打开底板阀门,容许板底下水体入舱。这是锚体吸力下沉过程,其有效下沉力来自锚顶板上、下的压差,相当于锚顶以上水头的压力。此步的锚体下沉直至顶舱充水到顶为止,其下沉深度增为顶舱高度。(6)重复步骤(4)、(5)对顶舱压气排水、再排水减压,完成第二步吸力沉放,直至将锚筒全部贯入海底。在全过程中锚筒顶舱所起的作用是①空舱提供浮力,实现自浮拖航。②充水提供附加重力,实现稳定水中沉放。③排水后,再排气减压,形成锚顶压差,实现吸力贯入。此时的锚顶舱实质上变成锚腔的“吸力泵”。
本发明的优越性在于:此型式吸力锚或桩可以不依赖于起重船而实现自浮拖航,水中稳定沉放及海底吸力贯入的全过程自安装,从而显著节省海上工程费用。
以下结合附图及实施例作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1:为本发明所涉气操作自安装式吸力锚或桩技术装备示意图。
图2:为本发明吸力锚或桩的气操作自安装过程示意图。
图2-1:锚顶空舱,自浮拖航过程。
图2-2:顶舱充水,重力沉放过程。
图2-3:压气排水,顶舱排空过程。
图2-4:顶舱减压,吸力沉放过程。
图2-5:基底喷冲,入孔排泥过程。
图2-6:吸力贯入,最终就位过程。
其中:1-锚筒;2-锚筒顶舱;3-顶板;4-底板;5-桩柱;6-进、排气管线;7-进、排水短管(通海);8-进、排水短管(通锚内);9-入孔(排泥用);10、11、12-气动阀门;13、14、15-气动管线;16-空气压缩机;17-控制台;18-水面工作船。
具体实施方式
对于具有分体式顶舱的吸力锚(桩),在拖航之前可用卡具将顶舱固定在锚顶之上,在锚体安装完毕可将顶舱卸下。对于具有一体式顶舱的吸力锚或桩,若欲将锚顶最终沉入海底泥面以下,建议对顶舱预留贯通上下的入孔,以便沉锚后期下人实施锚内喷冲气举排泥清基作业。附图和实施例是针对具有一体式顶舱吸力锚或桩的安装。
一种具有顶舱的自安装式吸力锚或桩的技术装备(参见图1),包括锚筒1、顶舱2、立柱5;设于顶舱顶板3上的进、排气管线6;设于顶舱底板4连通锚内的进、排水短管8;设于顶舱侧壁上的通海短管7,以及贯穿顶舱顶板3-5底板4的入孔9。进、排气管线6与工作船18上的空气压缩机16相连,由阀门12控制;进、排水短管7及8分别由阀门10、11控制,各个阀门分别有气动管线13、14、15接至工作船上的控制台17。基于这套装置,通过程序操作,可实现吸力锚的自安装。
具体步骤是:①在锚筒顶舱排空状态下,实现自浮拖航,条件是顶舱2提供的浮力足以平衡锚桩结构的重力,如图2-1所示;②至就位地点,打开顶舱侧壁上的通海短管7,将海水充入顶舱,实现锚体稳定沉放,直至锚端插入海底达初始密封所需深度,如图2-2所示;③打开顶舱顶板3上的进、排气管线6的阀门12,由空压机16向顶舱2压气,将舱内的水经短管7排空,此时锚端有基土约束保持不动,控制顶舱浮力不超过锚与顶舱合重,如图2-3所示;④关闭阀门10,打开阀门11,再操作阀门15,对顶舱2排气减压,至大气压力,形成锚顶压差,实现吸力沉放。随着顶舱底板下降其下水体经短管8入舱,直至充满为止,此步锚体下沉深度恰为顶舱高度,如图2-4所示;⑤待顶舱底板降至距泥面2m左右,潜水员由入孔9进入锚内对基底实施喷冲气举清基作业。基土泥浆由软管经人孔排出,直至清基达到所需深度,如图2-5所示;⑥重复步骤③、④再对顶舱进行压气排水扩排气减压,实施吸力贯入直至最终位置,如图2-6所示。

Claims (3)

1.一种自安装式吸力锚或桩由锚筒、锚顶及锚顶立柱组成,其特征在于所说锚筒的顶部具有一个由顶板、底板及筒壁构成的密封顶舱;密封顶舱的顶板上都设有与气源或空压机相连的进、排气管线;底板上都设有与位于下方的锚筒的内部相通的进、排水短管;筒壁上都设有与海水相通的进、排水短管。
2.依据权利要求1的吸力锚或桩,其特征在于所说吸力锚或桩的密封顶舱的结构形式可以是将锚顶的顶板下面加一底板构成的一体式顶舱;也可以是单独由顶板、底板及筒壁制成而附加于锚顶之上的分体式顶舱。
3.依据权利要求1的吸力锚或桩,其特征在于所说吸力锚或桩的密封顶舱内设置的进、排气管线,及进、排水短管均有阀门控制,阀门控制台及空气压缩机均置于水面工作船上。
CNB011432446A 2002-02-26 2002-02-26 自安装式吸力锚或桩 Expired - Fee Related CN1317160C (zh)

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CN106240749B (zh) * 2016-07-06 2017-12-05 中国海洋大学 灌浆式吸力锚及其安装方法
CN106218814B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-05-31 中国石油大学(北京) 一种便于海上拖航运输和安装的吸力锚机构
CN107905238B (zh) * 2017-10-19 2019-08-13 太原理工大学 一种土塞抽离式吸力锚基础及其施工方法
CN113734358B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2023-03-31 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种深海天然气水合物吸力锚机构及安装方法
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CN113386904B (zh) * 2021-07-09 2022-05-03 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所 一种适用于水下吸力锚安装用双向吸力泵装置

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