CN1314564A - 指示气冷式冷却器的冷凝器盘管性能的方法和装置 - Google Patents
指示气冷式冷却器的冷凝器盘管性能的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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Abstract
一种算法为一气冷式冷却器系统实时计算总的热传递系数,并将该值与对应于一用清洁的冷凝器运行的新的机器的参考值相比较。根据这个比较,会显示一指示,通知使用者冷凝器性能的下降程度。
Description
本发明涉及气冷式冷却器领域,尤其涉及一种用于气冷式冷却器冷凝器盘管性能指示器。
一种简单普通的空气调节或制冷循环包括:将热量传递到制冷剂;将该制冷剂抽吸到能从中去除热量的地方;以及去除制冷剂中的热量。制冷剂是一种通过在较低的温度和压力下蒸发来吸取热量和在较高的温度和压力下冷凝来放出热量的流体。在一封闭的系统中,制冷剂循环回到原来的地方,在那儿,热量传递到制冷剂中。在一机械系统中,一压缩机将制冷剂从一低温低压流体转换成高温高压流体。压缩机转换制冷剂之后,在循环的冷凝部分中用一冷凝器冷却而使流体(气体)液化。在运行中,来自压缩机的热排放气体(制冷剂蒸气)在顶部进入冷凝器盘管,当热量传递到室外时制冷剂冷凝成液体。然后制冷剂经过一诸如膨胀阀的调节装置,在那儿,制冷剂变成低温低压流体,然后进入蒸发器。
冷凝器一般使用水或空气去除制冷剂中的热量。气冷式冷凝器一般用管子将制冷剂送过表面很大的盘管,空气通过一鼓风机或引导的自然气流而吹过那里。气冷式冷凝器可在一灰尘会落在盘管上的灰尘相当多的环境中运行。冷凝器盘管上的灰尘太多会使制冷或空调设备的性能大大下降。设备运行由于需要较高的输入功率而变得非常昂贵。在极端条件下,脏的冷凝器可能在热天季节引起高压安全性的跳闸(trip)。制造商推荐,冷凝器盘管要保持清洁,但要告诉使用者怎样经常检查冷凝器是很难的,因为检查的频率取决于环境和设备的运行次数。具有实时的冷凝器盘管清洁度的信息对于使用者制定清洁时刻表是有用的。
简而言之,一运行法则为一气冷式冷却器系统实时计算总的热传递系数,并将该值与对应于一用清洁的冷凝器运行的新的机器的参考值相比较。根据这个比较,会显示一指示,通知使用者冷凝器性能的下降程度。
根据本发明的一个实施例,确定一制冷系统的冷凝器盘管的运行情况的方法包括:进行检查,看看系统是否处在稳定运行状态;确定系统的饱和冷凝温度、饱和吸入温度和环境空气温度;根据在前面步骤中获得的数值计算系统冷凝器中排出的总的热量;计算系统的热量传递系数;将所计算的热量传递系数与理想的热量传递系数作比较,以获得一表示冷凝器盘管的运行条件的数值;以及根据计算的与理想的热量传递系数的比较,为系统的使用者输出一信息。
图1示出了本发明一实施例的制冷系统的示意图。
图2示出了本发明一方法的流程图,用于确定制冷系统一冷凝器盘管的运行条件。
图3示出了本发明一方法的流程图,用于初始化制冷系统的一热传递系数的数值。
参阅图1,一设备10包括一通过电子膨胀阀EXV流体连接于一蒸发器30的冷凝器20。蒸发器30通过一压缩机40流体连接于冷凝器20。尽管图中只示出一个压缩机,但本领域的人知道,在同样的回路中可平行连接多个压缩机。供应空气(或水)进入蒸发器30,在那儿将热量传递给制冷剂。尽管图中只示出一个制冷剂回路,但本领域的人知道,可使用两个独立的制冷剂回路。冷却需要时,较冷的返回空气(或水)循环。一压力传感器50读取制冷剂的饱和冷凝压力,并把读数转换成饱和冷凝温度(SCT)。一压力传感器60读取制冷剂的饱和吸入压力,并把读数转换成饱和吸入温度(SST)。用这些压力传感器是因为它们比用来直接测量温度的已知装置要精确得多。通常是用一半导体温度计(或热敏电阻)直接读出进入空气温度(OAT)或在附近的环境空气温度。
一气冷式冷凝器中排出(rejection)的总热量可用如下等式估算:
THR=HTI*(SCT-OAT)
其中THR是冷凝器中排出的以千瓦计的总热量,SCT是以℃计的饱和冷凝温度,OAT是冷凝器盘管的以℃计的进入空气温度,而HTI是以kW/℃为单位的总的热量传递系数。在一气冷式冷却器中,如果气流相对恒定,这就是如果回路中的所有鼓风机都运行的情况,HTI值在所有运行条件、即全负荷或部分负荷均保持不变(在+/-3%之内)。如果盘管是脏的,如果气流下降,或如果在回路中是不凝固的,HTI值变化很大。
设备实时控制监控器的各个值如SCT、SST(饱和吸入温度)和SH(吸入过热,即制冷剂的实际温度与饱和吸入温度之差)以及其它。如果已知一压缩机行为的数学模型,就能计算回路的THR(总热量排出)。可以证明,如果压缩机在一稳定状态中运行,如果一过热总是不变的,对一给定的压缩机模型而言系统过冷没有改变太多,那么THR是SCT和SST的一个函数,即,THR=f(SCT,SST)。如果THR模型被编在设备控制件中,这些控制件能根据所测量的系统变量来实时计算THR。
知道了THR、SCT和OAT,就能容易地实时计算HTI(等式1)的值。当冷凝器变脏时,HTI的值随时间而改变。控制件将该值与一清洁的冷凝器的值进行比较,并将冷凝器性能的下降指示到控制件显示器中。
参阅图2,它示出了确定HTI下降的方法。以下符号用于流程图中。
HTIg=清洁机器的HTI(即“好”)
HTI’=以前计算的HTI
HTI=当前的HTI计算值
SCT=当前饱和冷凝温度(在50测量)
SST=当前饱和吸入温度(在60测量)
OAT=当前环境空气温度(在70测量)
HTIg预置在逻辑中,具有一根据模拟和实验室测试的值。然后在步骤112中,对于程序的首次运行,将HTI’置于HTIg。如果设备处在稳定状态,所有的鼓风机运行(步骤113),在步骤114将SCT、SST和OAT的值读取到程序中。根据压缩机的数学模型,在步骤115为每一压缩机计算THR值,此后,在步骤116计算整个回路的THR值。在步骤117用等式(1)计算HTI。
在步骤118检查HTI’与HTI之比,看看它是否在0.95至1.0之间的范围内。该步骤检查,看看读数是否在预定值之内。例如,一突如其来的暴风雨会影响OAT的读数,而这种影响不涉及冷凝器的性能。从一个循环到下一个循环的HTI中的显著的差异大多数情况可能不是由于冷凝器的性能,因为冷凝器性能的下降是相当慢的。因此,在步骤118中,将HTI与5分钟之前的HTI值即HTI’作比较,看看它们的比率是否保持在逻辑极限之内。如果不,计算循环再开始。如果是,在步骤119将HTI’设定为HTI,用于下一计算循环。
其次用HTI与HTIg之比进行一系列检查。在步骤120,如果HTI/HTIg之比小于0.7,即小于应有的70%,则冷凝器盘管很脏,最好显示一有关该结果的信息。除此之外,还可选择使用发出警报声音,或用此取代显示信息。如果HTI/HTIg之比大于0.7,检查该比率,看看它是否小于0.8。如果是,冷凝器盘管是脏的,并最好显示有关该结果的信息。如果不,检查该比率,看看它是否小于0.9。如果是,冷凝器盘管略脏,并最好显示有关该结果的信息。如果不,冷凝器盘管是清洁的,并最好显示有关该结果的信息。逻辑循环本身根据最好是5分钟的规律重复一次,但这可由使用者选择预设。
参阅图3,该图示出了一种方法,它给了使用者一选择权,即接收制造商的HTIg数字(用HTIgfc表示),或为在试机过程中计算的HTIg确定一基线数值,即,当一维护技术员首次启动设备时,当冷凝器盘管仍然是清洁的时候。在步骤130将HTIg值初始化为HTIgfc(“好的工厂安装”)。在步骤132,询问使用者是接收工厂的值还是开始现场的值。当HTI’初始化为HTIg时,在步骤134中现场的值开始。如果设备处在稳定状态,而且所有的鼓风机都在运行(步骤136),步骤138将SCT、SST和OAT值读入程序。根据压缩机数学模型,在步骤140为每一压缩机计算THR值,此后,在步骤142中计算整个回路的THR值。然后在步骤144用等式(1)计算HTI。在步骤146检查HTI’与HTI之比,看看它是否在0.97至1.0的范围之内。如果不,在步骤148将HTI’设定为HTI,用在下一现场的值的计算循环。如果是,在步骤150中将HTIg设定为HTI,并最好显示设定了HTIg的信息。然后将HTIg这个现场的值用在图2所示的程序逻辑中。
Claims (6)
1.一种确定一制冷系统的冷凝器盘管运行情况的方法,其特征在于其步骤如下:
a)进行检查,看看所述系统是否处在稳定运行状态;
b)确定所述系统的饱和冷凝温度;
c)确定所述系统的饱和吸入温度;
d)确定所述系统的环境空气温度;
e)根据在步骤(b)、(c)和(d)中获得的数值计算所述系统冷凝器中排出的总的热量;
f)根据在步骤(b)、(d)和(e)中获得的数值计算热量传递系数;
g)将所计算的热量传递系数与理想的热量传递系数作比较,以获得一表示所述冷凝器盘管的运行状况的数值;以及
h)根据在步骤(g)获得的所述数值为所述系统的使用者输出一信息。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述比较步骤包括计算所述计算的热量传递系数与所述理想的热量传递系数之比;以及
将所述比率与至少一个预定值比较,来确定所述信息。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括:
根据步骤(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)和(f)确定所述理想的热量传递系数。
4.一种确定一制冷系统的冷凝器盘管的运行情况的装置,其特征在于包括:
用于检查所述系统是否处在稳定运行状态的部件;
确定所述系统的饱和冷凝温度、饱和吸入温度和环境空气温度的部件;
根据所述饱和冷凝温度、所述饱和吸入温度和所述环境空气温度计算所述系统冷凝器中排出的总热量的部件;
根据所述饱和冷凝温度、所述环境空气温度和所述总的排出热量计算热量传递系数的部件;
将所计算的热量传递系数与理想的热量传递系数作比较,以获得一表示所述冷凝器盘管运行状况的数值的部件;以及
根据所述数值为所述系统的使用者输出一信息的部件。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:
用于比较的所述部件包括计算所述计算的热量传递系数与所述理想的热量传递系数之比;以及
比较所述比率与至少一个预定值,来确定所述信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于还包括确定所述理想热量传递系数的部件。
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US09/526,172 US6272868B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 | 2000-03-15 | Method and apparatus for indicating condenser coil performance on air-cooled chillers |
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- 2001-03-06 DE DE60105213T patent/DE60105213T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-06 EP EP01200821A patent/EP1134521B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-06 TW TW090105133A patent/TW528846B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-14 KR KR10-2001-0013052A patent/KR100413159B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-15 CN CN01111652A patent/CN1127647C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-15 JP JP2001073677A patent/JP3881184B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN111433534A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2020-07-17 | 江森自控科技公司 | 至少部分地基于蒸气压缩系统的冷凝器内的情况来启用和停用蒸气压缩系统的清洗单元 |
US11466912B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2022-10-11 | Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP | Activation and deactivation of a purge unit of a vapor compression system based at least in part on conditions within a condenser of the vapor compression system |
CN111433534B (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2023-09-01 | 江森自控泰科知识产权控股有限责任合伙公司 | 至少部分地基于蒸气压缩系统的冷凝器内的情况来启用和停用蒸气压缩系统的清洗单元 |
CN110686725A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-01-14 | 南方风机股份有限公司 | 一种盘管加热性能监测系统、方法及存储介质 |
CN110889580A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-03-17 | 南方风机股份有限公司 | 一种盘管冷却性能监测系统、方法及存储介质 |
CN110686725B (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-05-04 | 南方风机股份有限公司 | 一种盘管加热性能监测系统、方法及存储介质 |
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BR0101086A (pt) | 2001-11-06 |
DE60105213D1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
KR100413159B1 (ko) | 2003-12-31 |
EP1134521A2 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
US6272868B1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
TW528846B (en) | 2003-04-21 |
KR20010092303A (ko) | 2001-10-24 |
JP3881184B2 (ja) | 2007-02-14 |
ES2222962T3 (es) | 2005-02-16 |
CN1127647C (zh) | 2003-11-12 |
JP2001280770A (ja) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1134521B1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1134521A3 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
DE60105213T2 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
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