CN1312626A - Multistage CDMA spectrum spreading communication method for efficient information transmission - Google Patents
Multistage CDMA spectrum spreading communication method for efficient information transmission Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for implementing information high-efficiency transmission by adopting multistage code division multiple-access spread-spectrum communication is characterized by that in information channel represented by every spread-spectrum code the low-speed subchannels also can be partitioned, and its partitioning method is that it utilizes two-stage or multistage CDMA spread-spectrum code to package the information channel with lower rate with spread-spectrum code of the last channel, every information channel can be partitioned into several subchannels with lower rate, and between every subchannels the lower spread-spectrum code can be used to make discrimination. Said method can make low-speed information implement high-efficiency transmission to raise communication efficiency, and can high-effectively utilize system band width, and can retain simple property of its equipment.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of communication technology of code division multiple access, exactly, relate to a kind of method that adopts secondary or Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, belong to the spread spectrum technic field.
All users are shared communication channel in a multi-user comm, therefore must have a kind of mechanism to distinguish different users.Mainly contain three kinds of differentiating methods at present: frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA).Under the FDMA situation, be the bandwidth of whole system to be divided into frequency channels arrange to use to each user; Under the TDMA situation, be that channel is divided into time slot, each user then is arranged in separately the time slot; Under the CDMA situation, be by arranging a different spreading code for each user, utilizing orthogonality or accurate orthogonality between the spreading code to differentiate different user.
The spread spectrum code character of cdma system should have good relevant nature.Because of the length of spreading code in the spread spectrum code character is all the same, so the auto-correlation of spreading code is constant, i.e. code length.If the cross-correlation between any two different spreading codes is " 0 ", then be called orthogonal code sets, as Walsh sign indicating number etc.If the cross-correlation of different spreading codes is not " 0 ", but very little with respect to spreading code length, be called quasiorthogonal code so, as pseudo noise code, Gold sign indicating number etc.Use the orthogonal code sets spread spectrum, noiseless between each user; Use quasiorthogonal code group spread spectrum, have the phase mutual interference between each user, but very little, still can distinguish.The code character that cross-correlation is bigger can not be used as the CDMA spreading code.
In the multi-user comm, different user, different business are different often to the demand of information rate (being bandwidth).For different speed requirements is the frequency band that distributes bandwidth not wait, promptly high-speed requirement distributes the frequency band of broad in the FDMA communication system.For different speed requirements is the time slot that distributes varying number, promptly high-speed requirement distributes the time slot of a greater number in the tdma system.In cdma system, also can be adopted as the method that different speed requirements distributes the spreading code of varying number, promptly more spreading code to the high-speed requirement quantity allotted.But this method is just inapplicable when the rate requirement of different user or business differs greatly.Such as in a certain cdma spread spectrum communication system, only there are two kinds of rate requirement, wherein the speed of high-speed requirement is v, the speed of low speed demand is v/100.According to such scheme, to 1 spreading code of each low speed demand assignment, each high-speed requirement is distributed 100 spreading codes, this just causes the length of spreading code very long, will be 100 times that have only under the high-speed requirement situation, receives the complicated of despreading thereby cause.Because the spreading code despreading that high-speed requirement will extremely be grown 100 length simultaneously all will take hundred times resource, even can not realize on time and space at all.
Also having a kind of simple method is exactly that two kinds of demands of high speed and low speed are all distributed the spreading code of same speed by high-speed requirement, the length of spreading code length spreading code when only having high-speed requirement quite or increase seldom can solve the extreme expansion problem in a kind of method time and space like this.But be high speed code channel of low speed demand assignment, cause the waste of bandwidth equally.In above-mentioned two kinds of methods, the former is a bandwidth of efficiently having utilized system, but causes equipment complicated, even may not realize; The latter is that realization is simple, but has wasted the bandwidth resources of system.For example, in the application of a lot of CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, user's uplink information is divided into data message at a high speed and maintenance information two parts of low speed, and wherein the content of maintenance information is the current channel situation of user etc.And in the descending process from the local side to the user side, except that data message at a high speed, the control information that also will transmit low speed is to finish interaction with user side.
At first consider up direction.Two kinds of information (data message and maintenance information) that each user sends are to mix, and must use someway they to be distinguished.TDMA (time division multiple access) technology is to rely on predefined different time-gap to determine that the information of receiving is data message or maintenance information, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) technology then is to give different frequency ranges to different information distribution, differentiates user's data information and maintenance information with this.And CDMA technology can only rely on different spread spectrum code words to differentiate above-mentioned two kinds of information, and each user just needs to distribute two code words, i.e. two information channels like this.In cdma system, the information channel of each code word representative all has identical bandwidth.But maintenance information only needs the low code check of antipode (be about data message code check 1～5%), if take and the same bandwidth of data message passage, certainly will cause great waste.And cdma system is a self-interference system, and in order to upload maintenance information, code word has increased by one times, certainly will cause bigger influence to the transmission of data message, makes the receiver cost increase.And on down direction, local side needs two information channel data information and control information equally, and the code check of control information is also well below the code check of data message, and it also can run into the problem same with up direction.
The method that a kind of solution is arranged is to go safeguarding that control information is embedded in the data message according to certain form, so just must encode again to data message, thereby influence the transparency of miscellaneous service transmission.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, this method can make low speed information realize efficient the transmission, improves communication efficiency; And can efficiently utilize system bandwidth, and the simplification of maintenance equipment realization.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, it is characterized in that: user in system or professional speed requirement are divided into: at a high speed and during two kinds of low speed, need 2 grades of spreading codes of distribution; Include the following step:
1, at first, user or the traffic assignments one cover spread spectrum code character { C for high-speed requirement is arranged
1, C
2, C
3..., and, (be designated as C but will stay at least one spreading code one by one with the user or the business of this each high-speed requirement of frequency spreading code division dispensing
g) distribute to the user or the service application of low speed demand;
2, make all users that the low speed demand is arranged or the professional above-mentioned spread spectrum codes C that after the 1st step distributed, stays of sharing
g, finish the distribution of first order CDMA spreading code;
3, be low speed user or traffic assignments one cover secondary CDMA spread spectrum code character { B again
1, B
2, B
3..., make above-mentioned each low speed user or business obtain a different secondary spreading code, thereby solve these low speed users or a professional public spreading code (C
g) and cause each other interference;
When 4, sending, with above-mentioned high-speed applications directly with one-level spreading code { C
1, C
2, C
3... carry out spread spectrum and send; Then first to low-speed applications with secondary spreading code { B
1, B
2, B
3... carry out CDMA secondary spread spectrum respectively one time, and make low speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of high-speed information channel, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C again
gIt is carried out the secondary spread spectrum, send then;
When 5, receiving, at first directly to one-level spreading code { C
1, C
2, C
3... despreading, desired highspeed user or the professional information of sending obtained; And, then use earlier the one-level spread spectrum codes C to low speed user or professional information
gDespreading obtains all and is aliasing in together low speed user or business information; Then, carry out the second step despreading, use second level spreading code B
k(k=1,2,3 ...) to C
gBe aliasing in together low speed user or business information despreading on the passage, just can obtain each low speed user or the professional information that sends, finish reception low speed information.
Said method is applicable to the situation of orthogonal code, also is applicable to the situation of pseudo noise code, Gold sign indicating number class quasiorthogonal code.At this moment the orthogonality variation can be passed through the suitably length of increase sign indicating number, and the situation that each passage that the incomplete quadrature of spreading code is brought interferes with each other is controlled in the scope that can tolerate.
Said method is when asynchronous realization, if the cross correlation of spread spectrum interblock, i.e. interfering with each other when too big between the code channel detected judgement and brought difficulty to such an extent as to give, need combine use with Multiuser Detection (MUD) technology at up direction, to eliminate the mutual interference between the spread spectrum code word.
Said method is at down direction, and it is fully synchronous sending point, can select completely orthogonal spreading code.
The up-downgoing passage of said method both can be symmetrical, also can be asymmetric, i.e. its up-downgoing can be adopted different spread spectrum code characters respectively.
Said method can combine use with TDMA, FDMA technology, as descending employing TDMA, up employing method of the present invention; Or descending employing this method, up use additive method.
That said method can be used in is wireless, the bipolarity channel of coaxial cable class, is applicable to the positive polarity channel of types of fiber too.
When said method is used for the unipolarity channel of types of fiber, when the unipolarity channel sends, adopt 0, the 1} unipolar code, and when receiving despreading, can adopt corresponding 1, the bipolar code of 1}.
In the above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication system, the number that high-grade spread spectrum code character is used the spreading code of reserving for next class is definite according to its application demand with the ratio of two kinds of speed of next class user or professional information and next class; Under the more situation of the application numbers of next class, can reserve high-grade spreading code more than 2 or 2 and share for the application of next class.
In the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, the speed ratio between the best demand grade at this moment, is divided into high and low two kinds of speed between tens times to hundreds of times.
In the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, when the application of the speed ratio between the class within ten times is to incorporate into to be same class, is not both with the rate requirement between the class and solves with the same class spreading code that distributes varying number.
The application of above-mentioned different class is to solve mutual interference with multistage spread spectrum encapsulation.
When the equal in length of second level spread spectrum multiple and first order spreading code, 1 grade of spreading code of above-mentioned same user can be identical with 2 grades of spreading codes, to save the memory space of spreading code information.
Purpose of the present invention also can be achieved in that a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, it is characterized in that: user in system or professional speed requirement are divided into 3 class: when high-speed requirement, middling speed demand and low speed demand, need to distribute 3 grades of spreading codes so; Include the following step:
1, at first, user or the traffic assignments one cover spread spectrum code character { C for high-speed requirement is arranged
1, C
2, C
3..., and, (be designated as C but will stay at least one spreading code one by one with the user or the business of this each high-speed requirement of frequency spreading code division dispensing
g) distribute to the user or the service application of middling speed demand;
2, make all users that the middling speed demand is arranged or the professional above-mentioned spread spectrum codes C that after the 1st step distributed, stays of sharing
g, finish the distribution of first order CDMA spreading code;
3, be middling speed user or traffic assignments one cover secondary CDMA spread spectrum code character { B again
1, B
2, B
3..., make above-mentioned each middling speed user or business obtain a different secondary spreading code, to solve these a middling speeds user or a professional public spreading code (C
g) and cause each other interference; But must stay at least one secondary spreading code and (be designated as B
g) distribute to the user or the service application of low speed demand;
4, be low speed user or three grades of CDMA spread spectrum code character { A of traffic assignments one cover again
1, A
2, A
3..., make above-mentioned each low speed user or business obtain three grades of different spreading codes, to solve these low speed users or a professional public spreading code (B
g) and cause each other interference;
When 5, sending, at first to the high-speed applications of above-mentioned the 1st class directly to distribute to its spreading code, be set { C
1, C
2, C
3... one of them carries out spread spectrum and sends; And the middling speed of the 2nd class is used, then earlier with its secondary spreading code { B
1, B
2, B
3... carry out CDMA secondary spread spectrum one time, and make middling speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of above-mentioned high-speed information channel, with one-level spread spectrum codes C g it is carried out the secondary spread spectrum again, to finish " encapsulation ", send then the secondary spreading code; Low-speed applications to the 3rd class is then used three grades of spreading codes distributing to oneself earlier, is set { A
1, A
2, A
3... one of them spread spectrum, make low speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of above-mentioned middling speed information channel, use secondary spreading code B again
gCarry out the secondary spread spectrum,, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C at last to finish of the encapsulation of secondary spreading code to three grades of spreading codes
gSpread spectrum, finish of the encapsulation of one-level spreading code to the secondary spreading code after, just send.
When 6, receiving, at first to the high-speed applications of above-mentioned the 1st class directly to distribute to its one-level spreading code, be set { C
1, C
2, C
3... one of them carries out despreading, obtains needed highspeed user or the professional information of sending; It is to use earlier the one-level spread spectrum codes C that the middling speed of the 2nd class is used
gDespreading solves the middling speed application message that all are aliasing in the 2nd class together, again with the secondary spreading code B that distributes to it
kCarry out the second step despreading, obtain its middling speed user who needs or the professional information that sends; And be to use earlier the one-level spread spectrum codes C to the low-speed applications of the 3rd class
gDespreading solves the 2nd class middling speed application message that is aliasing in together, uses secondary spreading code B again
gContinue despreading, solve the low-speed applications information that is aliasing in the 3rd class together,, just can obtain each low speed user or the professional information that sends, finish reception low speed information at last with three grades of spreading code despreadings distributing to it.
Purpose of the present invention can also be achieved in that a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, this cdma system it is characterized in that: if can be divided into the application of n different rates class, then this system assignment has n level spreading code, (being assumed to be 1 every grade, is respectively G all will to reserve one or more spreading code from the 1st grade to the n-1 level spread spectrum code character
1, G
2..., G
N-1), be used separately as to the information than its next speed class transmits and shared; And this system distributes the next stage spreading code to the application of this next speed class again, makes the information channel of next speed class of itself and this corresponding one by one; Send m (m ∈ 1,2 ..., n}) during the application of speed class, send with the m level spreading code spread spectrum of distributing to itself earlier, use G more one by one
M-1, G
M-2..., up to G
1Carry out spread spectrum, send then; When receiving the information of m class, then use G one by one
1, G
2..., G
M-1Carry out despreading, with the m level spreading code despreading of distributing to itself, can obtain information needed at last.
The present invention is the method for a kind of secondary or multistage CDMA spread spectrum, is characterized in dividing in the information channel of each spreading code representative the subchannel of low speed again.Its division methods is to utilize secondary or multistage CDMA spreading code, and the one-level information channel that speed is lower is encapsulated into together with the spreading code of upper level passage.Each grade information channel can be divided into the lower subchannel of a plurality of speed, and all is to differentiate with the spreading code of low one-level between each subchannel.
The practical application of the inventive method is quite widely, for example can be in cdma communication, in the transmission of safeguarding control information that user and local side up-downgoing exist, provide a kind of multistage efficiently CDMA solution.For example can in inserting, the sub-district of the synchronous Access Network of optical fiber use, when the data message bandwidth that will provide 1M for the user more than 100 to 8M, its bandwidth of safeguarding control information then has only 8K, and C is all used in the control information of safeguarding that can utilize multistage CDMA spread spectrum will be aliasing in 100 users together
gDespreading is carried out in the control information of safeguarding of spread spectrum, makes it corresponding one by one with each user, makes low speed information realize high efficiency of transmission, improves communication efficiency; And can efficiently utilize system bandwidth, and the simplification of maintenance equipment realization.
Introduce implementation method of the present invention, characteristics and effect in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is to use method of the present invention, sends the schematic block diagram of m level application message in multistage cdma spread spectrum communication system.
Fig. 2 is to use method of the present invention, receives the schematic block diagram of m level application message in multistage cdma spread spectrum communication system.
Fig. 3 is to use method unique user of the present invention to receive the data message that local side sends and the schematic block diagram of control information.
Fig. 4 is to use method unique user of the present invention to send the schematic block diagram of data message and maintenance information to local side.
Fig. 5 is to use method multi-user of the present invention to send the schematic block diagram of data message and maintenance information simultaneously to local side.
Fig. 6 is to use method local side of the present invention to separate the schematic block diagram of each user profile.
The present invention a kind ofly adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the method that efficient information transmits, as the user in system or professional speed requirement is divided at a high speed and during two kinds of low speed, need 2 grades of spreading codes of distribution; Include the following step:
1, at first, user or the traffic assignments one cover spread spectrum code character { C for high-speed requirement is arranged
1, C
2, C
3..., and, (be designated as C but will stay at least one spreading code one by one with the user or the business of this each high-speed requirement of frequency spreading code division dispensing
g) distribute to the user or the service application of low speed demand;
2, make all users that the low speed demand is arranged or the professional above-mentioned spread spectrum codes C that after the 1st step distributed, stays of sharing
g, finish the distribution of first order CDMA spreading code;
3, be low speed user or traffic assignments one cover secondary CDMA spread spectrum code character { B again
1, B
2, B
3..., make above-mentioned each low speed user or business obtain a different secondary spreading code, thereby solve these low speed users or a professional public spreading code (C
g) and cause each other interference;
When 4, sending, with above-mentioned high-speed applications directly with { C
1, C
2, C
3... carry out spread spectrum and send; Then first to low-speed applications with secondary spreading code { B
1, B
2, B
3... carry out CDMA secondary spread spectrum one time, and make low speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of high-speed information channel, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C again
gIt is carried out the secondary spread spectrum, in fact is exactly to use the one-level spread spectrum codes C
gFinish secondary spread spectrum code character { B
1, B
2, B
3... " encapsulation ", make it not disturb other one-level spreading codes { C
1, C
2, C
3..., send then;
When 5, receiving, at first directly to one-level code { C
1, C
2, C
3... despreading, desired highspeed user or the professional information of sending obtained; And, then use earlier one-level code C to low speed user or professional information
gDespreading obtains all and is aliasing in together low speed user or business information; Then, carry out the second step despreading, use second level spreading code B
kTo C
gBe aliasing in together low speed user or business information despreading on the passage, just can obtain each low speed user or the professional information that sends, finish reception low speed information.
Method of the present invention extends to the spread spectrum communication of Multistage CDMA, to realize the efficient transmission of information: if this cdma system can be divided into the application of n different rates class, then this system assignment has n level spreading code, (being assumed to be 1 every grade, then is respectively G all will to reserve one or more spreading code from the 1st grade to the n-1 level spread spectrum code character
1, G
2..., G
N-1), be used separately as to the information than its next speed class transmits and shared; And this system distributes the next stage spreading code to the application of this next speed class again, makes the information channel of next speed class of itself and this corresponding one by one; Send m (m ∈ 1,2 ..., n}) during the application of speed class, send with the m level spreading code spread spectrum of distributing to itself earlier, use G more one by one
M-1, G
M-2, up to G
1Carry out spread spectrum, send then; When receiving the information of m class, then use G one by one
1, G
2..., G
M-1Carry out despreading, with the m level spreading code despreading of distributing to itself, can obtain information needed at last.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have showed the method for the present invention of using respectively, the transmission schematic block diagram of m level application message and to the reception schematic block diagram of m level application message in multistage cdma spread spectrum communication system.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have then showed the method for the present invention of using respectively, the data message that unique user reception local side is sent and the schematic block diagram of control information, and unique user sends the schematic block diagram of data message and maintenance information to local side.
In the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, the speed ratio between two kinds of class of suitable demand is between tens times to hundreds of times, at this moment, can be divided into high and low two kinds of speed.The application of different class is to solve mutual interference with multistage spread spectrum encapsulation.In the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, when the application of the speed ratio between the class within ten times is to incorporate into to be same class, is not both with the rate requirement between the class and solves with the same class spreading code that distributes varying number.
Referring to one embodiment of the present of invention shown in Figure 5, it is the data message (D of N different user
1D
2D
N) respectively distributed an one-level spreading code (C
1C
2C
N), each user's data information is not disturbed mutually.Simultaneously, be each user's maintenance information (M
1M
2M
N) public one-level spread spectrum codes C of distribution
0With different secondary spreading code (B
1B
2B
N).Like this, maintenance information (M
1M
2M
N) earlier with separately secondary spreading code (B
1B
2B
N) spread spectrum, then use the one-level spread spectrum codes C again
0Spread spectrum has so just been finished " encapsulation " to the secondary maintenance information.Then, each user superposes its maintenance information and data message respectively, the maintenance information of N user after so just obtaining superposeing and data message S, and two kinds of information are not wherein disturbed mutually.
Referring to another embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 6, local side is used one-level spreading code (C respectively
1C
2C
N) and C
0Carry out related calculation with the signal that receives, can directly solve each user's data information (D
1D
2D
N) and the aliasing information of public maintenance channel.Again the aliasing information of this public maintenance channel is used secondary spreading code (B respectively
1B
2B
N) making related operation, the maintenance information of aliasing can be separated, solve the maintenance information (M that belongs to each user oneself
1M
2M
N).
The above-mentioned control channel of safeguarding is two-way, and the up direction from user to the local side is to provide current state information by the user, and the down direction from the local side to user then is that the user is passed in control information.So local side also can use the structure of Fig. 5 to user's direction, different is that the stack that sends to N user profile is not to occur in the channel, but occurs in local side.When receiving the control information that local side transmits, the user adopts the structure of Fig. 3.
2 grades of spreading codes that the present invention safeguards that control information distributes for each user can have other forms, but in special application scenario, when just in time equaling the length of first order spreading code as second level spread spectrum multiple, 2 grades of spreading codes in the foregoing description can adopt and 1 grade of form that spreading code is identical, the 1 grade of spreading code that is same user is identical with 2 grades of spreading codes, can save the memory space of spreading code information like this.So 1 grade of k user and 2 grades of spreading codes all are C
kLike this, when a certain user k sent information to local side, its data message was directly used C
kSpread spectrum, and its maintenance information is to use C earlier
kSpread spectrum is used C again
G1Spread spectrum is finished 1 grade of public spread spectrum codes C
G1To 2 grades of self spread spectrum codes C
k" encapsulation ", send after the stack.When user k receives information from local side, directly use C
kDespreading can obtain the data message that local side transmits; Using C
G1Use C after the despreading again
kDespreading just obtains the control information that local side is sent out.In the present embodiment, B is arranged
k=C
k, C
0=C
G1
The situation of local side is similar, receives the aliasing information that all users send, and obtains data message through the one-level despreading, obtains the maintenance information corresponding with data message through the secondary despreading.During transmission, data message is through the one-level spread spectrum, and control information is through the secondary spread spectrum, all user's data information and the control information transmission that is superimposed.
The above-mentioned situation that analysis of the present invention all is based on orthogonal code, but it is suitable equally under the situation of quasiorthogonal codes such as pseudo noise code, Gold sign indicating number, bring interference just can for after the orthogonality variation other passages, as long as suitably increase the length of sign indicating number, just the problem that interferes with each other of each passage that the incomplete quadrature of spreading code can be brought is controlled in the scope that can tolerate.
The present invention can directly realize under synchronous situation, when asynchronous condition, if the cross correlation of spread spectrum interblock can be accepted (being that interfering with each other between the code channel can be tolerated), does not become problem so.If mutual interference is too big, bring difficulty to such an extent as to give to detect judgement, uply need combine use, to eliminate the mutual interference between the spread spectrum code word with Multiuser Detection (MUD) technology.
At down direction, promptly local side does not exist asynchronous and the non-orthogonal problem of code word to the user side direction, and it is fully synchronous sending point, and the present invention can select completely orthogonal spreading code.
Up-downgoing passage of the present invention both can be symmetrical, also can be asymmetric.So lower in upstream rate, be suitable for too in the higher network configuration of downstream rate, at this moment, up-downgoing can be adopted different spread spectrum code characters respectively, and its highest information rate is subject to the speed of digital-to-analogue and analog to digital conversion.
The invention provides the solution of two-way CDMA, still, also can combine use, as descending employing TDMA, up employing method of the present invention with other technologies; Or descending employing the inventive method, up use additive method.The speed of up-downgoing data message of the present invention is adjustable.If high-speed requirement is arranged, then should distribute a plurality of CDMA spreading codes.
The channel that method of the present invention can be used in is wireless, there is positive-negative polarity in coaxial cable Cable etc. is applicable to unipolar channel that optical fiber is so too.For example can be used in the sub-district access of the synchronous Access Network of optical fiber.At this moment, will provide 1M data message bandwidth to 8M if any the user more than 100, it safeguards that the bandwidth of control information is 8K.The primary bandwidth that wherein offers user data information is 1M, but not all user simultaneously on the net.If user's free time is arranged, can will distribute to its spreading code regain and offer other users that high-speed requirement is arranged and use.Like this, a user can have 8 spreading codes at most simultaneously, is equivalent to the data message bandwidth of 8M.When in number of users less than 125 some idle spreading codes being arranged, also available said method carries out same processing, the user who distributes to high-speed requirement who is about to.Can distribute two 1 grade of spreading codes for the public control channel of safeguarding, but one of normal conditions use gets final product; When safeguarding that the control information amount increases, can use two public spreading codes simultaneously, make and safeguard that the control information bandwidth is increased to 16K.
When method of the present invention is used for the unipolarity channel of types of fiber, when the unipolarity channel sends, adopt 0, the 1} unipolar code, when receiving despreading, then can adopt corresponding 1, the bipolar code of 1}.
According to the theory analysis of the relevant unipolarity channel in back, multistage cdma spread spectrum communication system can synchronous applications in the such unipolarity channel of optical fiber, so can select completely orthogonal Walsh code character.According to its characteristic, select the Walsh sign indicating number on 128 rank.According to theory analysis, N-1 is all satisfied the condition of " 0 ", " 1 " half and half in the Walsh sign indicating number of N rank, can be applied to the multistage cdma spread spectrum communication of unipolarity field.Cast out 1 complete " 0 " sign indicating number need not, reserve 2 again and (be designated as C
G1, C
G2) give and safeguard that control channel is shared, remaining 125 sign indicating number (is designated as C
1, C
2..., C
125) can distribute to 125 user's data information uses at most, so finish the distribution of 1 grade of spreading code.
2 grades of spreading codes safeguarding that control information distributes for each user can have other forms, but for the sake of simplicity, 2 grades of spreading codes in the present embodiment adopt and 1 grade of form that spreading code is identical, the 1 grade of spreading code that is same user is identical with 2 grades of spreading codes, can save the memory space of spreading code information like this.So 1 grade of k user and 2 grades of spreading codes all are C
k
When a certain user k sent information to local side, data message was directly used C
kSpread spectrum, maintenance information are used C earlier
kSpread spectrum is used C again
G1Spread spectrum is finished 1 grade of public spread spectrum codes C
G1To 2 grades of self spread spectrum codes C
k" encapsulation ", send after the stack.When user k receives information from local side, directly use C
kDespreading can obtain the data message that local side transmits; Use C
G1Use C after the despreading again
kDespreading just obtains the control information that local side comes out.The local side situation is similar, receives the aliasing information that all users send, and obtains data message through the one-level despreading, obtains the maintenance information corresponding with data message through the secondary despreading.During transmission, data message is through the one-level spread spectrum, and control information is through the secondary spread spectrum, all user's data information and the control information transmission that is superimposed.
Above process is referring to Fig. 3-Fig. 6.In the present embodiment, B is arranged
k=C
k, C
0=C
G1
Following brief description the present invention is equivalent to the spread symbols D of positive-negative polarity channel at the theory analysis of positive polaritys such as optical fiber (unipolarity) channel
i(k) ∈ 1,1}, the code element of corresponding positive polarity channel is S
i(k) ∈ 0,1}, transformation relation is
S
i(k)=[D
i(k)+1)]/2
So, with S
iCome spread spectrum and transmission, with D
iCome despreading, following form (S is then arranged
i D
i)
L is a spreading code length in the formula.The result forms by two, and first is constant, and the situation of corresponding positive-negative polarity sign indicating number only differs from an inessential coefficient 1/2; Second is spreading code D
iEach code element sum, be distracter.Orthogonal code is an example with the Walsh sign indicating number, and the N-1 in the Walsh sign indicating number of N rank is all satisfied positive and negative 1 half and half situation, and promptly second of following formula is 0, does not have between each code channel to interfere with each other.Most positive and negative 1 numbers of quasiorthogonal code only differ from 1, if the sufficiently long words of code word, mutual interference also is very little.Pseudo noise code all satisfies above-mentioned condition in the quasiorthogonal code commonly used, and 75% in the Gold sign indicating number satisfies above-mentioned condition.So as long as choose spreading code by top rule, the CDMA method is same being suitable in unipolarity such as fiber channel, the analysis of multistage CDMA method is suitable for too.
The present invention carries out repeatedly the analogue simulation test on computers, has realized goal of the invention substantially.
Claims (16)
1, a kind ofly adopt the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: user in system or professional speed requirement are divided into: at a high speed and during two kinds of low speed, need 2 grades of spreading codes of distribution; Include the following step:
(1) at first, user or the traffic assignments one cover spread spectrum code character { C for high-speed requirement is arranged
1, C
2, C
3..., and, (be designated as C but will stay at least one spreading code one by one with the user or the business of this each high-speed requirement of frequency spreading code division dispensing
g) distribute to the user or the service application of low speed demand;
(2) make all users that the low speed demand is arranged or the professional above-mentioned spread spectrum codes C that after the 1st step distributed, stays of sharing
g, finish the distribution of first order CDMA spreading code;
(3) be low speed user or traffic assignments one cover secondary CDMA spread spectrum code character { B again
1, B
2, B
3..., make above-mentioned each low speed user or business obtain a different secondary spreading code, thereby solve these low speed users or a professional public spreading code (C
g) and cause each other interference;
When (4) sending, with above-mentioned high-speed applications directly with { C
1, C
2, C
3... carry out spread spectrum and send; Then first to low-speed applications with secondary spreading code { B
1, B
2, B
3... carry out CDMA secondary spread spectrum one time, and make low speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of high-speed information channel, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C again
gIt is carried out the secondary spread spectrum, send then;
When (5) receiving, at first directly to one-level code { C
1, C
2, C
3... despreading, desired highspeed user or the professional information of sending obtained; And, then use earlier one-level code C to low speed user or professional information
gDespreading obtains all and is aliasing in together low speed user or business information; Then, carry out the second step despreading, use second level spreading code B respectively
k(k=1,2,3 ...) to C
gBe aliasing in together low speed user or business information despreading on the passage, just can obtain each low speed user or the professional information that sends, finish reception low speed information.
2, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, and it is characterized in that: said method is applicable to the situation of orthogonal code, also is applicable to the situation of pseudo noise code, Gold sign indicating number class quasiorthogonal code.
3, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 2 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: said method is after the orthogonality variation, can be by suitably increasing the length of sign indicating number, the situation that each passage that the incomplete quadrature of spreading code is brought interferes with each other is controlled in the scope that can tolerate.
4, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: said method is when asynchronous realization, if the cross correlation of spread spectrum interblock, be interfering with each other when too big between the code channel, to such an extent as to give to detect to adjudicate and bring difficulty, need combine use with Multiuser Detection (MUD) technology at up direction, to eliminate the mutual interference between the spread spectrum code word.
5, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, and it is characterized in that: said method is at down direction, and it is fully synchronous sending point, can select completely orthogonal spreading code.
6, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: the up-downgoing passage of said method both can be symmetrical, also can be asymmetric, i.e. its up-downgoing can be adopted different spread spectrum code characters respectively.
7, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, and it is characterized in that: said method can combine use with TDMA, FDMA technology.
8, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, and it is characterized in that: said method can be used in bipolarity channel wireless, the coaxial cable class, is applicable to the positive polarity channel of types of fiber too.
9, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 8 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: when said method is used for the unipolarity channel of types of fiber, when sending, the unipolarity channel adopting { 0, the 1} unipolar code, and when receiving despreading, can adopt corresponding 1, the bipolar code of 1}.
10, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: in the above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication system, the number that high-grade spread spectrum code character is used the spreading code of reserving for next class is definite according to its application demand with the ratio of two kinds of speed of next class user or professional information and next class; Under the more situation of the application numbers of next class, can reserve high-grade spreading code more than 2 or 2 and share for the application of next class.
11, realize the method that efficient information transmits as claim 1 or 10 described employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communications, it is characterized in that: in the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, speed ratio between the best demand grade is between tens times to hundreds of times, at this moment, be divided into high and low two kinds of speed.
12, realize the method that efficient information transmits as claim 1 or 10 described employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communications, it is characterized in that: in the application of above-mentioned multistage spread spectrum communication, when the application of the speed ratio between the class within ten times is to incorporate into to be same class, is not both with the rate requirement between the class and solves with the same class spreading code that distributes varying number.
13, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, and it is characterized in that: the application of above-mentioned different class is to solve mutual interference with multistage spread spectrum encapsulation.
14, employing Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication as claimed in claim 1 realizes the method that efficient information transmits, it is characterized in that: when the equal in length of second level spread spectrum multiple and first order spreading code, 1 grade of spreading code of above-mentioned same user can be identical with 2 grades of spreading codes, to save the memory space of spreading code information.
15, a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, it is characterized in that: user in system or professional speed requirement are divided into 3 class: when high-speed requirement, middling speed demand and low speed demand, need to distribute 3 grades of spreading codes so; Include the following step:
(1) at first, user or the traffic assignments one cover spread spectrum code character { C for high-speed requirement is arranged
1, C
2, C
3..., and, (be designated as C but will stay at least one spreading code one by one with the user or the business of this each high-speed requirement of frequency spreading code division dispensing
g) distribute to the user or the service application of middling speed demand;
(2) make all users that the middling speed demand is arranged or the professional above-mentioned spread spectrum codes C that after the 1st step distributed, stays of sharing
g, finish the distribution of first order CDMA spreading code;
(3) be middling speed user or traffic assignments one cover secondary CDMA spread spectrum code character { B again
1, B
2, B
3..., make above-mentioned each middling speed user or business obtain a different secondary spreading code, to solve these a middling speeds user or a professional public spreading code (C
g) and cause each other interference; But must stay at least one secondary spreading code and (be designated as B
g) distribute to the user or the service application of low speed demand;
(4) be low speed user or three grades of CDMA spread spectrum code character { A of traffic assignments one cover again
1, A
2, A
3..., make above-mentioned each low speed user or business obtain three grades of different spreading codes, to solve these low speed users or a professional public spreading code (B
g) and cause each other interference;
When (5) sending, at first to the high-speed applications of above-mentioned the 1st class directly to distribute to its spreading code, be set { C
1, C
2, C
3... one of them carries out spread spectrum and sends; And the middling speed of the 2nd class is used, then earlier with its secondary spreading code { B
1, B
2, B
3... carry out CDMA secondary spread spectrum one time, and make middling speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of above-mentioned high-speed information channel, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C again
gIt is carried out the secondary spread spectrum,, send then to finish encapsulation to the secondary spreading code; Low-speed applications to the 3rd class is then used three grades of spreading codes distributing to oneself earlier, is set { A
1, A
2, A
3... one of them spread spectrum, make low speed information behind the spread spectrum reach the bit rate of above-mentioned middling speed information channel, use secondary spreading code B again
gCarry out the secondary spread spectrum,, use the one-level spread spectrum codes C at last to finish of the encapsulation of secondary spreading code to three grades of spreading codes
gSpread spectrum, finish of the encapsulation of one-level spreading code to the secondary spreading code after, just send.
When (6) receiving, at first to the high-speed applications of above-mentioned the 1st class directly to distribute to its one-level spreading code, be set { C
1, C
2, C
3... one of them carries out despreading, obtains needed highspeed user or the professional information of sending; It is to use earlier the one-level spread spectrum codes C that the middling speed of the 2nd class is used
gDespreading solves the middling speed application message that all are aliasing in the 2nd class together, again with the secondary spreading code B that distributes to it
kCarry out the second step despreading, obtain its middling speed user who needs or the professional information that sends; And be to use earlier the one-level spread spectrum codes C to the low-speed applications of the 3rd class
gDespreading solves the 2nd class middling speed application message that is aliasing in together, uses secondary spreading code B again
gContinue despreading, solve the low-speed applications information that is aliasing in the 3rd class together,, just can obtain each low speed user or the professional information that sends, finish reception low speed information at last with three grades of spreading code despreadings distributing to it.
16, a kind of method that adopts the Multistage CDMA spread spectrum communication to realize the efficient information transmission, this cdma system it is characterized in that: if can be divided into the application of n different rates class, then this system assignment has n level spreading code, (being assumed to be 1 every grade, is respectively G all will to reserve one or more spreading code from the 1st grade to the n-1 level spread spectrum code character
1, G
2..., G
N-1), be used separately as to the information than its next speed class transmits and shared; And this system distributes the next stage spreading code to the application of this next speed class again, makes the information channel of next speed class of itself and this corresponding one by one; Send m (m ∈ 1,2 ..., n}) during the application of speed class, send with the m level spreading code spread spectrum of distributing to itself earlier, use G more one by one
M-1, G
M-2..., up to G
1Carry out spread spectrum, send then; When receiving the information of m class, then use G one by one
1, G
2..., G
M-1Carry out despreading, with the m level spreading code despreading of distributing to itself, can obtain information needed at last.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008025187A1 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-03-06 | Zte Corporation | An implementation method of e-hich in td-cdma systems |
| CN101192906B (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2010-09-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for transferring HARQ response message based on E-HICH channel of TD-SCDMA system |
| CN104038332A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2014-09-10 | 高通股份有限公司 | A method and apparatus for signaling to a mobile device which set of training sequence codes to use for a communication link |
-
2001
- 2001-04-29 CN CNB011155736A patent/CN1148027C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008025187A1 (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-03-06 | Zte Corporation | An implementation method of e-hich in td-cdma systems |
| CN101132626B (en) * | 2006-08-24 | 2010-12-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for implementing automatic retransmission answering indication signal channel of time division synchronization code division multiple access system |
| CN101192906B (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2010-09-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for transferring HARQ response message based on E-HICH channel of TD-SCDMA system |
| CN104038332A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2014-09-10 | 高通股份有限公司 | A method and apparatus for signaling to a mobile device which set of training sequence codes to use for a communication link |
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|---|---|
| CN1148027C (en) | 2004-04-28 |
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