CN1307034C - 用于能量吸收l构件 - Google Patents

用于能量吸收l构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1307034C
CN1307034C CNB971206503A CN97120650A CN1307034C CN 1307034 C CN1307034 C CN 1307034C CN B971206503 A CNB971206503 A CN B971206503A CN 97120650 A CN97120650 A CN 97120650A CN 1307034 C CN1307034 C CN 1307034C
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Prior art keywords
energy absorbing
energy
supporting member
absorbing element
bearing
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB971206503A
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CN1180611A (zh
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R·维罗布斯基
B·京泽尔
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Huels AG
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Huels AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R19/22—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact containing mainly cellular material, e.g. solid foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/37—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers of foam-like material, i.e. microcellular material, e.g. sponge rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/721—Vibration dampening equipment, e.g. shock absorbers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)

Abstract

一种质量因数明显提高的能量吸收元件，其中在开始变形的吸收了高的能量，包括由致密材料制成的周围中颗粒状泡沫剂起泡的支承件，该支承件固定在支座上。该元件可用于汽车中或作为可重复使用的集装架体系。

Description

用于能量吸收L构件
本发明涉及用于能量吸收的构件及其制备方法，其中该构件含有聚烯烃的粒状泡沫材料的芯，这些泡沫材料围绕着附加的支承件(强化元件)，这些支承件延着负荷方向取向。
能量吸收构件特别适用于机动车中，吸收大量的运动碰撞能量，因此提高乘客的安全系数。已知使用的是减震器、侧门和吸震器，该吸震器用于支承车身构造上的减震器。这些能量吸收构件可以由多种不同的材料制成。
DE-OS 4327 022描述了一种具有间隔织物和由玻璃、碳纤维或塑料制成的强化纤维的多层结构。
EP-A-0 097 504和EP-A-0 155 558描述一种减震器的应用，其使用可膨胀的聚丙烯作为芯部的能量吸收部件。
在EP-A-0401 838中描述了一种由易碎的空心球和粒状泡沫材料制成的吸收能量的复合材料。
在EP-A-0 055 364、DE-OS 3723 681和DE-OS 2158 086中描述了其它的吸收能量构件。
所有这些结构的共同之处在于不能够以简单的方式制造或者在开始变形时仅仅吸收了很少的能量。
为了描述能量吸收构件的特征，应该考虑到质量因数。它是在力-距离图中应力曲线下的总面积与理想的能量吸收的矩形曲线下的总面积的比例。只有当在垂直方向上的不变形力增加到新确定的最大力和随后恒定地吸收力达到最大变形时，构件吸收了最大能量。这符合矩形的应力-压缩率曲线并因此符合理想的能量吸收器。由聚烯烃泡沫材料制成的能量吸收元件不能满足理想的能量吸收器的要求；在聚丙烯泡沫材料(EPP)的情况下，在准静态测量时质量因数仅为0.60～0.65。
因此本发明的任务是提供一种基于聚烯烃泡沫材料的能量吸收构件，其质量因数可以明显地提高以及在开始变形时已经吸收了高的能量。
令人惊奇的是，这个任务可以通过一种能量吸收构件来解决，该构件具有由致密材料制成的支承件，该支承件在负荷方向取向并且周围围绕着聚烯烃泡沫材料，其中支承件固定在支座上，将整个配置置入模具中和用粒状泡沫材料后起泡。
由EP-A-0 254 530已知具有沟槽的用于汽车减震器的芯，它被装入由致密材料成的加固件中。沟槽的深度优选地为芯厚度的15～95％。而且已经证明，为了不损坏芯或加固件，必须十分小心地将加固件插入泡沫材料的芯中。基于这点，绝对必须致密地制造该加固件，这将导致总重量不必要的提高。此外，如果加固件不超过芯的总厚度，那么在开始变形时能量吸收不是足够的高。
在本发明中，可以作为致密材料使用的是各种具有足够硬度的塑料；例如可提及的是聚烯烃，如聚丙烯；聚酰胺，如尼龙(聚酰胺纤维)-6、尼龙-6，6、尼龙-6，12、尼龙-12；聚酯，如聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(以及与聚碳酸酯的混合物)、液晶状的芳族共聚酯；聚苯乙烯；聚苯醚和PVC。为了得到较高硬度的材料，致密材料还可包含填料和/或纤维。出于循环再用的目的，优选使用聚丙烯。
原则上，元件的周围起泡是现有技术。在这种情况下使用了粒状泡沫材料。EP-A-0 053 333和EP-A-0 095 109公开了聚烯烃的粒状泡沫材料的制备方法。针对本发明的目的，可使用各种已知的聚烯烃泡沫材料，例如由较高、中等或低密度的聚乙烯、聚丙烯，如聚丙烯-均聚物、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物、聚丙烯与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物制成的，优选由乙烯-丙烯-丁-(1)三元聚合物或乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物制成的。
优选地使具有1～15重量％乙烯和1～10重量％1-丁烯的乙烯-丙烯-丁烯-(1)无规三聚物或者具有1～15重量％乙烯、特别优选2～5重量％乙烯的乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物。
优选地使用堆密度为12～80g/l的粒状泡沫材料。由此可以产生密度为15～170g/l、特别是25～100g/l的模型。
图1表示立方形截面上用于能量吸收的构件的结构。如果将减震器或侧门作为例子，那么在负荷情况下，能量通过减震器外壳或侧门金属板的整个面积传到该元件上。因此，引入的能量首先被支承件(3)吸收，支承件根据其长度(尺寸)在压缩2～20％时被弄弯。通过周围起泡可以使支承件难以弄弯。在压缩方向上的直角方向上部分能量均匀地被聚烯烃泡沫材料吸收。在高于大约20％的变形时，聚烯烃泡沫材料才吸收所有的能量。在需要的情况下，还可在其它平面上配备支承件(4)，在第一平面弄弯后，它可以以相同的方式起作用。
支承件沿着与变形方向(5)平衡的方向安装。此外支承件还可以完全或部分地与变形方向成任一角度地安装，以便吸收从侧面产生的力。第一平面(3)的支承件的长度与构件在压缩方向上的厚度相同。
支承件可以具有各种不同的形状和厚度(实心棒、薄管、薄板、十字形、Y形、X形、T形、L形、U形、Z形截面等)。在实际操作中，支承件被固定在支座上如具有击穿孔(2)的支座薄膜(1)上，或者固定在支座屏或固定在外壳上。这些部件优选地按照注塑方法制造。整个配置被置入模具中并按已知的方式使粒状泡沫材料后起泡。每个平面单位上合适的支承件厚度、形状、数目和长度可以有利地影响力-距离曲线的特征，使质量因素达到0.8～0.95。
图2出示了在力-距离图中聚丙烯泡沫材料(EPP)芯和使用EPP制备的用于吸收能量的具有两个支承平面(类似于图1)的元件的负荷曲线。由各自的支承平面负荷产生最大值(3’)和(4’)。
从这个实施例来看，在构件压缩方向的长度的大约70％附近引入第三个支承平面，在大约30％的变形时产生另一个能量吸收最大值。借此该体系的质量因数得到进一步改善。
按照DIN 53 421，测量并画出力-距离特性曲线。因此，具有支承件和50mm边缘长度的试样在两块平整的平板之间以每分钟5mm的恒定速度进行压缩直到60％的变形。
本发明的能量吸收元件能在汽车领域内使用，例如用作减震器、侧碰撞保护器比如在门中或作为缓冲器/吸收碰撞能量的元件或者用作集装架。在由几部分堆叠的可重复使用的运输集装架系统中发现了其它的用途。通过插入支承件平面在连续负荷下得到高的静态单位面积容许负荷，这样就不用将集装架压缩。仅仅在崩断情况下通过支承件的弄弯进行所描述的能量吸收。

Claims (9)

1、一种能量吸收元件，该元件包含沿着所述元件压缩的纵向方向延伸的支承件，其特征在于所用的支承件被泡沫塑料围绕，并吸收了至少部分的压缩能量，由此所述支承件在被压缩超过以其向受压方向的长度计至多20％时弄弯。
2、根据权利要求1的能量吸收元件，其中所述支承件在被压缩超过以其向受压方向的长度计至少2％时折断。
3、根据权利要求1或2的能量吸收元件，其中支座由具有击穿孔的支座薄膜、支座屏或外壳组成。
4、根据权利要求1或2的能量吸收元件，其中多个具有支承件的平面被固定在支座上。
5、根据权利要求1或2的能量吸收元件，其中在准静态测量时质量因数为0.65～0.95。
6、根据权利要求5的能量吸收元件，其中在准静态测量时质量因数为0.8-0.95。
7、根据权利要求1或2的能量吸收元件作为在汽车内用作减震器、侧碰撞保护器或吸收碰撞能量的元件的用途。
8、根据权利要求1或2的能量吸收元件作为集装架的用途。
9、根据权利要求3的能量吸收元件，其中多个具有支承件的平面被固定在支座上。
CNB971206503A 1996-10-11 1997-10-03 用于能量吸收l构件 Expired - Fee Related CN1307034C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19641944.1 1996-10-11
DE19641944A DE19641944A1 (de) 1996-10-11 1996-10-11 Bauteil zur Energieabsorption

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1180611A CN1180611A (zh) 1998-05-06
CN1307034C true CN1307034C (zh) 2007-03-28

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EP (1) EP0836032B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH10119076A (zh)
KR (1) KR19980032730A (zh)
CN (1) CN1307034C (zh)
BR (1) BR9705395A (zh)
DE (2) DE19641944A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0119357D0 (en) * 2001-08-08 2001-10-03 Dow Chemical Co Energy absorption unit
CA2687833A1 (en) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-11 Dow Global Technolgies Inc. Energy absorbing member
US8505990B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2013-08-13 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Corner energy absorber and bumper system
DE102009007410A1 (de) 2009-02-04 2010-08-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Stoßdämfungseinrichtung an einem Fahrzeug
EP3023669B1 (fr) 2014-11-20 2020-12-30 Airbus (Sas) Dispositif d'absorption d'énergie cinétique et aéronef comportant un tel dispositif

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GB1308036A (en) * 1969-08-01 1973-02-21 Willcox & Gibbs Inc Lightweight pallet and method of making same
US4321989A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-03-30 Meinco Mfg. Co. Energy absorbing impact barrier
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BE787091A (fr) * 1971-08-02 1973-02-02 Hoechst Ag Palettes de transport
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US4321989A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-03-30 Meinco Mfg. Co. Energy absorbing impact barrier
US5100187A (en) * 1987-12-28 1992-03-31 Milad Limited Partnership Vehicle bumper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9705395A (pt) 1999-05-04
EP0836032B1 (de) 2004-02-11
DE19641944A1 (de) 1998-04-16
CN1180611A (zh) 1998-05-06
DE59711288D1 (de) 2004-03-18
JPH10119076A (ja) 1998-05-12
KR19980032730A (ko) 1998-07-25
EP0836032A3 (de) 1999-07-07
EP0836032A2 (de) 1998-04-15

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