The iron-base nanometer crystal alloy that contains trace rare-earth element
Technical field
The present invention is the preparation field that belongs to the Fe-based amorphous nanocrystalline alloy material.Particularly suitable has nano-crystalline and amorphous blended weave construction and contains the iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material of trace rare-earth element.
Background technology
In the prior art, Fe-based amorphous, nanometer crystal alloy material has had the developing history in year surplus in the of ten.For example open JP62-167852 of Japan's special permission and United States Patent (USP) 4881989 all disclose a kind of novel Fe-based amorphous, nanocrystalline alloy material, and the chemical ingredients expression formula of this material is:
(Fe
1-aM
a)
100-x-y-z-α-β-γCu
xSi
yB
zM′
αM″
βX
γ
In the expression formula of this material, M is at least a of Co and Ni;
M ' is Nb, W, and Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti and Mo's is at least a;
M " be V, Cr, Mn, Al, platinum family element, Sc, Y, rare earth element, Au, Zn, Sn and Re's is at least a, and X is C, Ge, P, Ga, Sb, In, Be, As's is at least a.And 0.1≤a≤0.5,0.1≤x≤3,0.1≤y≤30,0.1≤z≤25,5≤y+z≤30,0.1≤α≤30, β≤10, γ≤10.(alloy be the small grains of size more than 50%) less than 100nm.
The manufacturing process of above-mentioned iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material at first is to smelt the mother alloy liquation that sets composition in inert gas atmosphere (as argon gas), utilize flash set technology again, make liquation pass through a long and narrow slit, liquation is ejected on the metal cools medium, form amorphous alloy strips.With strip coil coiled iron core, in protective atmosphere, iron core is carried out anneal more then, and form the mixed structure of nano-crystalline and amorphous.
When adopting above-mentioned iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material in field of power electronics, to use, often be that this core material of requirement should have the very high or very low squareness ratio Br/Bs ratio of saturation induction density (residual magnetic flux density with).For example, when adopting this iron based nano crystal material, require the squareness ratio of iron core will be more than 0.9 as the voltage stabilizing magnetic amplifier of switch power supply; When adopting above-mentioned iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material to be used as single-ended switching mode power supply transformer, then require the squareness ratio of iron core will be lower than 0.1.In general, the preparation of above-mentioned amorphous, nanometer crystal alloy material generally is to adopt to carry out just might obtaining this special magnetic property after the anneal in magnetic field, and this annealing is also referred to as thermomagnetic treatment.We are found in process of the test, when adopting above-mentioned iron based nano crystal material to handle under known thermomagnetic treatment condition, consequently can not obtain the soft magnet core of sufficiently high or enough low squareness ratio.For example, through after the longitudinal magnetic field annealing, this nanometer crystal alloy generally can only obtain squareness ratio about 0.8, and its reason is that the composition of this alloy has determined that material structure is the squareness ratio performance that is difficult to obtain more than 0.9.Having is exactly the preparation method of prior art again, when above-mentioned iron based nano crystal material is to adopt when carrying out spray to cast in air ambient, the molten steel liquation need have only the long and narrow slit of 0.2-0.8 millimeter to be ejected by a width, and the molten steel liquation of this moment and the contact area of air are very big.Owing to be to contain element such as Nb in such prior art material, so this alloy material is to be easy to oxidized and plug nozzle, is to be unfavorable for the manufacturing of band and the maintenance of spray to cast device so the composition of this material is set.
In the document of Chinese patent 96120255.6 and 03116279.7, also disclosing a kind of is iron-base nanometer crystal alloy and the another kind of iron-base nanometer crystal alloy that only contains Zr that contains 1%Zr or Y in addition.Though such iron-base nanometer crystal alloy has good toughness; but; owing to all contain very easily oxidized elements such as more Zr or Y in this two classes material; so the alloy material of this class iron based nano crystal can only be the processing of jetting in the environment of vacuum protection and making band, its technology difficulty is big and limited industrial and large-scale production and development.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose that a kind of to have a composition reasonable in design, the simple and product good combination property of preparation treatment process also contains the iron-base nanometer crystal alloy of trace rare-earth element.
1, according to purpose of the present invention, Fe-based amorphous, nanometer crystal alloy material that we are designed, should possess that have will good characteristics than the wide and over-all properties of nanometer crystal alloy use range of the prior art, especially when adopting different preparation methods that this alloy material is heat-treated, the use properties of its product all can reach planner's requirement.After for example adopting vertical magnetic field to carry out anneal to this iron-base nanometer crystal alloy, then product should be able to reach the squareness ratio higher than prior art products.And after this alloy product carries out anneal through transverse magnetic field, also should possess the squareness ratio that reaches lower than prior art.Iron-base nanometer crystal alloy of the present invention in addition also should have good preparation technology and use properties in atmospheric environment.According to above-mentioned requirements, our designed iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material that contains trace rare-earth element is characterized in that the concrete chemical component weight % of this alloy material is: Si 7-9%; B1.5-2.5%; Cu 1-2%; Wherein Mo, Nb, Co element sum are 4-9%; Ce content in the rare earth element is 0.001-0.5%; All the other are Fe.Any one or two kinds of sum content that other features in the iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material composition of trace rare-earth element of the present invention also are to include in Mo, the Nb element are 4-7%.It is 0.001-0.50% that rare earth element in iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material composition of the present invention also has any one or more than one sum among Nd, Sm, La, the Tb.
According to purpose of the present invention, the iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material of the trace rare-earth that we proposed not only will satisfy the use properties of product and want art, but also will be fit to the preparation treatment process of iron-base nanometer crystal alloy in atmospheric environment.Its reason is this nanometer crystal alloy material, all needs to carry out necessary magnetic-field annealing before use and handles the back and make the iron core product reach necessary use properties requirement.The both service requirements squareness ratio product of this alloy material in order to obtain designing, then nanocrystalline material iron core just need carry out vertical or horizontal magnetic-field annealing to be handled.In existing traditional technology, such iron-base nanometer crystal alloy is because of the deficiency in the composition design, and use and the impact of performance of its product iron core after magnetic-field annealing is handled is all undesirable.For example, use in order to prepare the magnetic amplifier product, after iron core was through longitudinal magnetic field annealing, the squareness ratio of nanometer crystal alloy generally only can reach about 0.8, was difficult to sufficient service requirements.And for example when preparation single sided pulse transformer core, when being the bigger the better with the magnetic induction density increment Delta B that wishes iron core in order to obtain maximum power density, just squareness ratio is the smaller the better, so the iron core of such nanometer crystal alloy must carry out the transverse magnetic field anneal, but this material also is being difficult to satisfy service requirements through the squareness ratio after the transverse magnetic field annealing, and its reason is that the part magnetic induction density increment in this material is failed to be utilized and caused the waste of actual material function.
In the composition design of trace rare-earth iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material of the present invention, we are considering that iron is that the body weigh of material of the present invention is wanted component, simultaneously also be one of soft magnetic property institute essential condition that obtains this functional materials, therefore the Fe in material of the present invention accounts for the alloy total amount more than 80%.In addition, metalloid Si that in material composition of the present invention, is added and B element, its reason is when doing the amorphous product that obtains this alloy material, utilize rapid solidification spray band method of the prior art prepared, the function of this alloy soft magnetic characteristic and Si in this material and B change, so Si and B are one of bioelement among the present invention, its content is defined as Si 7-9%; B 1.5-2.5%.The effect of Cu element in nanometer crystal alloy of the present invention is in order to improve the crystallization phase nucleation rate of this alloy when the thermal treatment, but content should be controlled to be in the 1-2% scope.Molybdenum, the effect of niobium element in the invention nanometer crystal alloy are the grain growths that stops the crystallization phase, and have and keep the nanometer crystal microstructure stable characteristics, therefore in the composition of alloy of the present invention, any one in Mo, the Nb element or two kinds of element sums should be controlled in the 4-7% scope.Also adopt the mixing method of Mo, Nb, three kinds of element sums of Co to add in addition in composition of the present invention, its content is controlled in the 4-9% scope.
Adding rare earth element ce and other rare earth elements of trace in nanometer crystal alloy composition of the present invention, is the processing characteristics that can improve this alloy material, makes alloy of the present invention have better processing performance.In the prior art, the batch process of amorphous nano-crystalline alloy strip steel rolled stock is generally all carried out in atmosphere, and spray amorphous nano-crystalline strip in vacuum apparatus or in protective atmosphere is only applicable in the laboratory or the small-scale experimental stage phase at present.Especially the nanometer crystal alloy of iron-based is during preparation prevented the problem of oxidation of material, its reason is all to contain in this alloying constituent the elements such as Nb that are easy to oxidation.Have again exactly in order to reduce the preparation cost of this material, owing in production in batches, all adopt the not high starting material of purity, owing in these starting material, generally contain more oxide inclusion, these oxide inclusion then obviously reduce the flowability of molten steel solution and are unfavorable for the system band, the serious nozzle that obstruction winding-up strip is arranged often causes the failure of spray strip.For the flowability that solves molten steel does not improve the fused temperature, with prevent the excessive oxidized of other elements, the present invention adopts and add proper amount of rare-earth Ce element in alloying constituent, the rare earth that also can add other is as Nd, Sm, La, Tb element, can utilize the function that possesses deoxidation in rare element like this, oxide inclusion in the molten steel is reduced, and molten steel has been played calm effect, also make those come-ups of oxide compound of rare earth simultaneously.Owing in the composition of alloy of the present invention, added proper amount of rare-earth Ce and other rare earth element, can make alloy of the present invention like this in fusion process, molten steel has obtained rational purification, the flowability of liquation has obtained tangible improvement, make the preparation flow of amorphous thin ribbon safer, reliable, significantly improve the qualification rate of strip product.
By trace rare-earth iron-base nanometer crystal alloy preparation methods proposed by the invention; be to adopt similar technology to prior art; melting, system band all adopt the equipment of prior art; at first get the raw materials ready according to planner's requirement; melting is that the weight % by material carries out packing into after the weighing in the stove; this material can carry out melting in vacuum induction furnace, equally also can adopt and carry out melting under protection of inert gas.Mother alloy liquation after the melting is imported in the system carrying equipment then, the nozzle of spray amorphous thin ribbon is housed in the bottom of system carrying equipment, molten steel is injected on the cooling roller of high speed rotating, makes the mother alloy liquation form the continuous amorphous thin ribbon that thickness is about the 0.01-0.04 millimeter.And then amorphous thin ribbon is wound into the iron core of desired size; again amorphous iron core is put into the magnetic-field annealing stove; in protective atmosphere, carry out magnetic-field annealing; its technology is that above-mentioned iron core is not less than 100A/m in vertical magnetic field; transverse magnetic field is not less than the magnetic-field annealing of carrying out 500-550 ℃, 20-80 minute in the magnetic field of 10000A/m; as protective atmosphere, treat that insulation finishes the back furnace cooling with argon, nitrogen.The crystal grain that makes the amorphous product of this alloying constituent after thermomagnetic treatment, separate out certain volume fractional body-centered cubic structure phase, final form have a nanometer crystal microstructure or nano-crystalline and amorphous mixed structure soft magnetic materials product.
The nanocrystalline alloy phase of the trace rare-earth iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material that adopts composition of the present invention and prior art relatively, it is reasonable in design that material of the present invention has composition, the preparation treatment process simply and characteristics such as product good combination property.Owing in the composition of alloy material of the present invention, added micro-elements such as Rare-Earth Ce, therefore effectively controlled by dried subsequent annealing handle the precipitated phase size that may make alloy become big may, well solved owing to contain easy oxidation element in the composition and bring and be difficult to the factor that overcomes in the preparation process.Because nanometer crystal alloy is after handling through crystallization, the body-centered cubic phase size of being separated out should be below 100 nanometers, and through further crystal grain thinning can be beneficial to improve magnetism of material can characteristics.In the material of prior art, only can reach the 15-30 nanometer through the grain fineness number after the crystallization processing.And in the alloy material of the present invention because of having added micro-rare earth element, the nanocrystalline material after handling through crystallization then has littler precipitated phase crystal grain, can reach the 8-18 nanometer.In addition, when in iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material composition of the present invention, adding the rare earth element of trace, will form good magnetic-field annealing effect in this iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material, its reason be because in the composition of this material, added necessary and the proper amount of rare-earth element after, the magnetic field induced anisotropy value Ku of nanometer crystal alloy material of the present invention is compared when not containing rare earth element will increase about 5%-20%.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing in specification sheets of the present invention is respectively:
The rectangle that Fig. 1 contains Ce when amount in difference for nanometer crystal alloy of the present invention is the comparison of initial permeability and prior art nanometer crystal alloy when.
Fig. 2 contains the bcc phase average crystal grain diameter in Ce when amount and the comparison of prior art nanometer crystal alloy for nanometer crystal alloy of the present invention in difference.
Fig. 3 for different rare earth element kinds with do not contain the rare earth element iron-base nanometer crystal alloy after longitudinal magnetic field annealing squareness ratio and the contrast of initial permeability.
Fig. 4 for different rare earth element kinds with do not contain the rare earth element iron-base nanometer crystal alloy after transverse magnetic field annealing squareness ratio and the contrast of initial permeability.
Annotate: the composition of accompanying drawing 1,2 described prior art nanometer crystal alloys is: Fe
83.4Si
7.8B
1.9Cu
1.3Nb
5.6
Specific embodiments
Adopt the composition of trace rare-earth iron-base nanometer crystal alloy material of the present invention, we have prepared the embodiment of 4 groups of tests altogether, make things convenient for us also to be the comparative example of one group of prior art simultaneously in order to contrast.The concrete composition of the embodiment of simultaneous test all tabulates 1.Test method all adopts identical preparation technology: at first get the raw materials ready according to the requirement of composition, melting is adopted and is carried out in vacuum induction furnace.
Mother alloy liquation after the melting is imported in the system carrying equipment then; the nozzle of spray amorphous thin ribbon is housed in the bottom of system carrying equipment; molten steel is injected on the cooling roller of high speed rotating; making the mother alloy liquation form thickness is 0.02 millimeter amorphous thin ribbon; again amorphous thin ribbon is wound into the iron core of the circle ring iron core size of 25 millimeters of external diameters, 20 millimeters of internal diameters; again amorphous iron core is put into the magnetic-field annealing stove and carried out thermomagnetic treatment, and adopt argon shield to carry out magnetic-field annealing.The embodiment product carries out the comparison of performance the most at last, and performance comparison result all lists in the table 2.In above-mentioned contrast table 1,2, sequence number 1-15 is the embodiment of the invention, and the sequence number comparative example is United States Patent (USP) 4881989 comparative examples of prior art.
Table 1 is the composition contrast (weight %) of the embodiment of the invention
The element sequence number | Si | B | Cu | Co | Nb | Mo | Ce | Nd | Sm | Ln | Tb | Fe |
1 | 7.8 | 2.4 | 1.0 | - | 5.7 | - | 0.002 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
2 | 7.8 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | - | 5.7 | 0.008 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
3 | 7.8 | 1.9 | 1.2 | - | 4 | 1.7 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
4 | 7.8 | 1.9 | 1.2 | - | 4 | 2.0 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
5 | 8.5 | 1.9 | 1.6 | - | 1.8 | 3.9 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
6 | 8.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 6.5 | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
7 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.65 | 4.4 | 2.5 | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | Surplus |
8 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 0.002 | - | 0.01 | - | - | Surplus |
9 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 2.5 | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | Surplus |
10 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 4.4 | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | Surplus |
11 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 0.3 | 5 | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
12 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 0.3 | 5 | 1 | - | 0.01 | 0.001 | - | - | Surplus |
13 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 0.2 | 3 | 3.5 | - | - | 0.01 | - | - | Surplus |
14 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 1.34 | 0.1 | 2 | 4.5 | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | Surplus |
15 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 1.34 | - | - | 6.8 | - | - | - | 0.001 | 0.01 | Surplus |
Comparative example | 7.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | - | 5.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
Table 2 is that giving birth to of the embodiment of the invention planted, performance comparison
The alloy numbering | Annealing process | Initial permeability | Squareness ratio | Bcc phase average crystal grain diameter | Processing performance |
1 | 550 ℃, 30 minutes longitudinal magnetic fields are the annealing process of 120A/m | 110000 | 0.9 | 17nm | Well |
2 | 104000 | 0.9 | 14nm | Well |
3 | 114400 | 0.92 | 13nm | Excellent |
4 | 120000 | 0.93 | 12.2nm | Well | |
5 | 115000 | 0.94 | 12nm | Better |
Comparative example | 101000 | 0.87 | 24nm | Generally |
6 | 540 ℃, 30 minutes longitudinal magnetic fields are the annealing process of 120A/m | 107000 | 0.943 | 16nm | Excellent |
7 | 116000 | 0.94 | 16.4nm | Well |
8 | 108100 | 0.92 | 15.3nm | Well |
9 | 109900 | 0.918 | 17.1nm | Better |
10 | 101200 | 0.913 | 16.8nm | Better |
Comparative example | 100100 | 0.874 | 23.2nm | Generally |
11 | 540 ℃, 30 minutes transverse magnetic fields are the annealing process of 10000A/m | 50340 | 0.03 | 17nm | Excellent |
12 | 60190 | 0.057 | 17.3nm | Excellent |
13 | 51300 | 0.06 | 16.2nm | Well |
14 | 57800 | 0.066 | 16.9nm | Well |
15 | 53400 | 0.1 | 18.1nm | Better |
Comparative example | 50090 | 0.13 | 26.7nm | Generally |
Annotate: bcc is body-centered cubic phase texture mutually.