CN1304522C - 含凝灰质储层压裂工作液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含凝灰质储层压裂工作液。主要解决在压裂施工中现有的水基压裂液易造成地层岩石垮塌、裂缝导流能力低及施工失败的问题。其特征在于:增稠剂0.15~1.5%、表面活性剂0.002~0.5%、破乳剂0.002~0.5%、粘土稳定剂0.01~10.0%、杀菌剂0.002~1.0%、乳化剂0.002~0.5%、缓冲剂0.002~0.5%、消泡剂0.002~0.5%、交联剂0.002~0.5%、交联控制剂0.002~0.5%、破胶剂0.002~0.1%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.1%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。该压裂工作液可以提高岩石稳定性、降低滤失、增加返排、减少伤害、保证施工成功及提高措施效果。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及油田采油领域中一种压裂液,特别是一种应用于含凝灰质岩性储层压裂中的压裂工作液。
背景技术:
随着当代世界经济发展对石油资源的需要和勘探技术、勘探认识的不断提高,近年来,相继发现了含凝灰质火成岩、浅变质岩等复杂岩性储层,并具有一定的油气显示,该类储层自然产能低,只有进行压裂增产改造才能达到理想的商业储量和开采价值。压裂液是压裂施工的工作液,用于在施工中传递能量,使油层张开裂缝,并沿裂缝输送支撑剂,从而在油层中形成一条高导流能力通道,以利油/气由地层远处流向井底,达到增产目的。
含凝灰质储层岩石类型多、岩性复杂,具有强吸水且吸水分散的特点,在压裂施工中,凝灰质胶结物在水基压裂液的作用下,膨胀、分散,导致地层岩石垮塌,无法形成有效的动态裂缝和适合加砂的缝宽,同时,净压力无法作用在裂缝前端,影响正常加砂,以至导致施工失败。施工结束后,在裂缝闭合过程中,支撑剂嵌入地层,在压裂液返排过程中,岩石分散成泥粉进入裂缝,裂缝失去导流能力,使压裂措施失去增产效果。
发明内容:
为了解决在压裂施工中现有的水基压裂液易造成地层岩石垮塌、裂缝导流能力低及有时施工失败的问题,本发明提供一种一种应用于含凝灰质岩性储层压裂中的压裂工作液(以下简称NH压裂液),该压裂工作液可以提高岩石稳定性、降低滤失、增加返排、减少伤害、保证施工成功及提高措施效果。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:该含凝灰质储层压裂工作液由下列各组份组成,各组份按重量百分比计;增稠剂0.15~1.5%、表面活性剂0.002~0.5%、破乳剂0.002~0.5%、粘土稳定剂0.01~10.0%、杀菌剂0.002~1.0%、乳化剂0.002~0.5%、缓冲剂0.002~0.5%、消泡剂0.002~0.5%、交联剂0.002~0.5%、交联控制剂0.002~0.5%、破胶剂0.002~0.1%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.1%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。
上述的增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶、香豆胶、黄原胶或羧甲基纤维素;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳、烷基苯磺酸纳或全氟辛酸钠;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵;杀菌剂为戊二醛、异噻唑林复配物或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇或甲基硅油;交联剂为硼酸钠、有机硼、有机钛或有机硼与有机钛复配物;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、特丁基过氧化氢;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
上述的增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳或全氟辛酸钠;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵;杀菌剂为戊二醛或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇或甲基硅油;交联剂为硼酸钠或有机硼与有机钛复配物;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾、特丁基过氧化氢;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
上述的增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾;杀菌剂为戊二醛;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇;交联剂为硼酸钠;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
上述的增稠剂0.3~0.9%、表面活性剂0.06~0.18%、破乳剂0.06~0.1%、粘土稳定剂0.2~1.2%、杀菌剂0.02~0.18%、乳化剂0.043~0.1%、缓冲剂0.06~0.19%、消泡剂0.02~0.09%、有机硼交联剂0.15~0.45%、交联控制剂0.02~0.38%、破胶剂0.003~0.09%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.0009%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。
上述的增稠剂0.5~0.8%、表面活性剂0.08~0.12%、破乳剂0.07~0.08%、粘土稳定剂0.6~0.9%、杀菌剂0.1~0.12%、乳化剂0.06~0.08%、缓冲剂0.12~0.16%、消泡剂0.05~0.06%、有机硼交联剂0.25~0.35%、交联控制剂0.05~0.15%、破胶剂0.05~0.08%、破胶催化剂0.004~0.008%、柴油3~50%,余量为水。
本发明的有益效果是:该压裂液不仅具有良好的流变学和流体力学性质,并且与含凝灰质储层岩石具有良好的配伍性,压裂液滤失少、效率高,能够满足含凝灰质复杂岩性储层压裂的特殊需要。具有特点说明如下:(1)流变性:NH压裂液系两种不混溶相的分散体系,是具有良好输送性能的高粘溶液,其流变性特点有利于地层的破裂和人工裂缝的延伸,以及悬浮和输送支撑剂,形成有足够流通能力的填砂裂缝。(2)岩石稳定性:与水基压裂液对比,进行凝灰岩配伍性实验,凝灰质岩石在水基压裂液中浸泡,岩石迅速分散、垮塌,而在NH压裂液中浸泡,岩石保持完整。采用定量分析的岩屑分散率实验,评价NH压裂液对岩石的稳定性,实验结果表明,凝灰质岩石的岩屑分散率达到了常规砂岩结果。(3)低滤失性:NH压裂液在滤失过程中,在岩石孔隙中产生两相流动,增大渗流阻力,能有效降低压裂液在储层中的滤失。由于滤失量降低,压裂液效率提高,改善了压裂液的造缝能力,保证施工成功。(4)增产效果:NH压裂液为活性体系,能够降低储层原油粘度,改善原油物性;NH压裂液滤失少,产生的压裂液滤饼薄,对裂缝和储层伤害小,同时,NH压裂液良好岩石稳定性使得岩石保持了固有的强度特性,能够降低支撑剂嵌入,提高裂缝导流能力,获得预期的增产效果。
B28井位于内蒙古自治区海拉尔市境内,该井X84层为凝灰质岩性储层,X84层深度4480.0~4435.2m,储层中部温度约70℃。针对该层的压裂液体系在储层温度条件下,剪切1.0h,粘度为92.0mPa.s,能够满足施工的需要,压裂液流变性能表1,该压裂液流变性能实验采用标准为SY/T 5107-1995,压裂液流变曲线见图1。与水基压裂液相比,NH压裂液的滤失量降低48.6%,初滤失量降低72.4%,滤失系数降低51.4%,降滤失性能显著,压裂液静态滤失性能表2,该压裂液静态滤失性能的测定采用的标准是SY/T 6216-1996,压裂液滤失时间-滤失量关系曲线图2。岩石稳定性试验表明,岩屑分散率已达到了常规砂岩结果,该体系与凝灰岩岩石配伍性优越,该岩石稳定性试验的测定采用的标准是SY/T 6376-1998。
压裂液流变实验结果 表1
实验温度(℃) | 剪切粘度(mPa·s) | K`(Pa·sn) | n` | ||
初始 | 30.0min | 60.0min | |||
70 | 178.0 | 94.8 | 92.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
压裂液静态滤失性能表 表2
压裂液类别 | 初滤失量,×10-4m3/m2 | 滤失系数,×10-5m/min-2 |
NH压裂液 | 0.97 | 3.60 |
岩石稳定性能表 表3
溶液 | 岩屑重(g) | 筛后屑重(g) | 分散率(%) |
NH压裂液 | 5.001 | 4.8978 | 6.91 |
5.000 | 4.7552 | 5.68 |
附图说明:
图1是本发明的压裂液流变曲线图;
图2是压裂液滤失时间-滤失量关系曲线图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:该含凝灰质储层压裂工作液由下列各组份组成,各组份按重量百分比计;增稠剂0.15~1.5%、表面活性剂0.002~0.5%、破乳剂0.002~0.5%、粘土稳定剂0.01~10.0%、杀菌剂0.002~1.0%、乳化剂0.002~0.5%、缓冲剂0.002~0.5%、消泡剂0.002~0.5%、交联剂0.002~0.5%、交联控制剂0.002~0.5%、破胶剂0.002~0.1%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.1%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。各组份的含量优选增稠剂0.3~0.9%、表面活性剂0.06~0.18%、破乳剂0.06~0.1%、粘土稳定剂0.2~1.2%、杀菌剂0.02~0.18%、乳化剂0.043~0.1%、缓冲剂0.06~0.19%、消泡剂0.02~0.09%、有机硼交联剂0.15~0.45%、交联控制剂0.02~0.38%、破胶剂0.003~0.09%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.0009%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。最优选增稠剂0.5~0.8%、表面活性剂0.08~0.12%、破乳剂0.07~0.08%、粘土稳定剂0.6~0.9%、杀菌剂0.1~0.12%、乳化剂0.06~0.08%、缓冲剂0.12~0.16%、消泡剂0.05~0.06%、有机硼交联剂0.25~0.35%、交联控制剂0.05~0.15%、破胶剂0.05~0.08%、破胶催化剂0.004~0.008%、柴油3~50%,余量为水。
上述的增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶、香豆胶、黄原胶或羧甲基纤维素;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳、烷基苯磺酸纳或全氟辛酸钠;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵;杀菌剂为戊二醛、异噻唑林复配物或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配物或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配物;消泡剂为异丙醇或甲基硅油;交联剂为硼酸钠、有机硼、有机钛或有机硼与有机钛复配物;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、特丁基过氧化氢;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。优选增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳或全氟辛酸钠;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵;杀菌剂为戊二醛或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配物;消泡剂为异丙醇或甲基硅油;交联剂为硼酸钠或有机硼与有机钛复配物;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾、特丁基过氧化氢;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。最优选增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾;杀菌剂为戊二醛;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇;交联剂为硼酸钠;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
实施例1、将羟丙基改性胍胶0.58%、全氟辛酸钠0.135%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.078%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵1.82%、戊二醛0.097%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.0565%、乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.0803%、异丙醇0.05%、硼酸钠0.15%、山梨糖醇0.0532%、过硫酸钾0.00133%、亚硫酸钠0.0002%、柴油3%、水93.86997%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例2、将胍尔胶0.3%、全氟辛酸钠0.06%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.06%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.2%、戊二醛0.02%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.05%、乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.06%、异丙醇0.02%、硼酸钠0.15%、山梨糖醇0.02%、过硫酸钾0.001%、亚硫酸钠0.0002%、柴油3%、水96.1188%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例3、将羟丙基改性胍胶0.15%、全氟辛酸钠0.5%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.002%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵10.0%、戊二醛0.002%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5%、乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.002%、异丙醇0.5%、有机硼与有机钛复配物0.002%、山梨糖醇0.5%、过硫酸钾0.002%、亚硫酸钠0.1%、柴油1%、水85.736%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例4、将羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶1.5%、全氟辛酸钠0.002%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.5%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.01%、戊二醛1.0%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.002%、乙酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.5%、异丙醇0.002%、硼酸钠0.5%、山梨糖醇0.002%、过硫酸铵0.1%、亚硫酸钠0.0002%、柴油90%、水5.8818%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例5、将香豆胶0.5%、全氟辛酸钠0.1%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.1%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.5%、异噻唑林复配物0.1%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.1%、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.12%、异丙醇0.05%、硼酸钠0.25%、山梨糖醇0.05%、过硫酸铵0.05%、亚硫酸钠0.0005%、柴油4%、水93.9795%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例6、将黄原胶0.6%、全氟辛酸钠0.12%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.06%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.6%、甲醛0.12%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.05%、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.15%、甲基硅油0.06%、有机硼0.35%、过硫酸铵0.06%、亚硫酸钠0.0006%、山梨糖醇0.05%、柴油3%、水97.4295%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例7、将羧甲基纤维素0.9%、全氟辛酸钠0.18%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.1%、聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.9%、异噻唑林复配物0.18%、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.1%、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.19%、甲基硅油0.09%、有机硼与有机钛复配物0.45%、特丁基过氧化氢0.09%、亚硫酸钠0.0009%、山梨糖醇0.04%、柴油4%、水88.3191%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例8、将羧甲基纤维素0.32%、全氟辛酸钠0.08%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.07%、氯化钾0.3%、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵复配物0.025%、聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂0.043%、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配物0.07%、甲基硅油0.03%、有机硼0.18%、山梨糖醇0.022%、特丁基过氧化氢0.003%、亚硫酸钠0.0004%、柴油4%、水94.8566%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例9、将羧甲基纤维素0.8%、全氟辛酸钠0.16%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.08%、氯化钾0.8%、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵复配物0.17%、聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂0.09%、碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配物0.18%、有机硼0.4%、山梨糖醇0.38%、特丁基过氧化氢0.08%、亚硫酸钠0.0008%、甲基硅油0.08%、柴油4.3%、水92.4792%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例10、将羧甲基纤维素0.62%、烷基苯磺酸纳0.123%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.068%、氯化钾0.42%、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵复配物0.10%、聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂0.072%、碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配物0.156%、有机硼0.285%、山梨糖醇0.152%、特丁基过氧化氢0.003%、亚硫酸钠0.0002%、甲基硅油0.048%、柴油3.6%、水94.3528%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
实施例11、将羟丙基改性胍胶0.42%、十二烷基硫酸纳0.092%、聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.077%、氯化钾1.2%、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵复配物0.10%、聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂0.069%、碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配物0.156%、甲基硅油0.048%、有机硼与有机钛复配物0.285%、山梨糖醇0.0352%、特丁基过氧化氢0.003%、亚硫酸钠0.0002%、柴油3%、水94.5146%混合后即可得到该压裂工作液。
Claims (5)
1、一种含凝灰质储层压裂工作液,其特征在于:该压裂工作液由下列各组份组成,各组份按重量百分比计;羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶、香豆胶、黄原胶或羧甲基纤维素0.15~1.5%,十二烷基硫酸纳、烷基苯磺酸纳或全氟辛酸钠0.002~0.5%,聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚0.002~0.5%,氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵0.01~10.0%,戊二醛、异噻唑林复配物或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物0.002~1.0%,聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.002~0.5%,乙酸与碳酸钠的复配、氨基磺酸与碳酸钠的复配或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配0.002~0.5%,异丙醇或甲基硅油0.002~0.5%,硼酸钠、有机硼、有机钛或有机硼与有机钛复配物0.002~0.5%,山梨糖醇0.002~0.5%,过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵或特丁基过氧化氢0.002~0.1%,亚硫酸钠0.0002~0.1%,柴油1~90%,余量为水。
2、根据权利要求1所述的含凝灰质储层压裂工作液,其特征在于:增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶、胍尔胶、羟丙基改性胍胶、羧甲基羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳或全氟辛酸钠;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾或聚异丙醇基二甲基氯化铵;杀菌剂为戊二醛或甲醛与十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的复配物;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂或壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配或碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇或甲基硅油;交联剂为硼酸钠或有机硼与有机钛复配物;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾、特丁基过氧化氢;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
3、根据权利要求2所述的含凝灰质储层压裂工作液,其特征在于:增稠剂为羟丙基改性胍胶;表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸纳;破乳剂为聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯十八醇醚;粘土稳定剂为氯化钾;杀菌剂为戊二醛;乳化剂为聚氧乙烯聚失水山梨醇单月桂酸脂;缓冲剂为乙酸与碳酸钠的复配;消泡剂为异丙醇;交联剂为硼酸钠;交联控制剂为山梨糖醇;破胶剂为过硫酸钾;破胶催化剂为亚硫酸钠。
4、根据权利要求2所述的含凝灰质储层压裂工作液,其特征在于:增稠剂0.3~0.9%、表面活性剂0.06~0.18%、破乳剂0.06~0.1%、粘土稳定剂0.2~1.2%、杀菌剂0.02~0.18%、乳化剂0.043~0.1%、缓冲剂0.06~0.19%、消泡剂0.02~0.09%、有机硼交联剂0.15~0.45%、交联控制剂0.02~0.38%、破胶剂0.003~0.09%、破胶催化剂0.0002~0.0009%、柴油1~90%,余量为水。
5、根据权利要求4所述的含凝灰质储层压裂工作液,其特征在于:增稠剂0.5~0.8%、表面活性剂0.08~0.12%、破乳剂0.07~0.08%、粘土稳定剂0.6~0.9%、杀菌剂0.1~0.12%、乳化剂0.06~0.08%、缓冲剂0.12~0.16%、消泡剂0.05~0.06%、有机硼交联剂0.25~0.35%、交联控制剂0.05~0.15%、破胶剂0.05~0.08%、破胶催化剂0.004~0.008%、柴油3~50%,余量为水。
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