CN103484093A - 一种破胶又破乳水包油乳化压裂液 - Google Patents

一种破胶又破乳水包油乳化压裂液 Download PDF

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CN103484093A
CN103484093A CN201210194709.0A CN201210194709A CN103484093A CN 103484093 A CN103484093 A CN 103484093A CN 201210194709 A CN201210194709 A CN 201210194709A CN 103484093 A CN103484093 A CN 103484093A
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李彦林
刘炜
王瑛
张永晖
韩飞鹏
孔丽娜
任家萍
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China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液；质量百分比为0.5％-0.65％羟丙基胍尔胶、1-15％KCl、0.1-2％OP-10、0.5-3WT-1、1％助排剂、0.5-2％破乳剂、0.5-2％％粘土稳定剂、0.01-0.1％杀菌剂、0.01-0.03％氢氧化钠、5-40％柴油，余量为水；本发明能够在很大程度上提高压裂液的使用效果，使压裂液彻底破胶，同时在地层条件下破乳。

Description

一种破胶又破乳水包油乳化压裂液
技术领域
本发明涉及油田压裂技术领域，是一种柴油乳化水基胍胶压裂液体系，特别是适应于水敏较强、裂缝性、滤失性较大的原油储层进行压裂改造。 
背景技术
目前的油田勘探过程中经常碰到构造特殊、断块多、裂缝多的油藏，多表现为储层类型复杂、岩性和物性在纵向、横向上变化大，更多的表现为水敏性较强。如新疆的小拐裂缝性油藏、阜东地区的头屯河油藏。这些储层，含油显示一般比较好，但都必须经过压裂改造才能投产。由于储层的特殊性，常规水基压裂液施工易出现早期砂堵，成功率低，有时压裂虽然成功，但压裂液向地层滤失比较大，难免产生较大水敏伤害。例如阜东5井，在压前还有3m3/天的产量，经过水基清洁液压裂后不出。为此，在综合储层的岩性、物性、岩石力学及地应力等特性基础上，研究、开发出了本发明公布的水包油型乳化压裂液体系。这种压裂液在油层压裂过程中，通过柴油在岩石表面产生部分油膜，可以阻止液体向油层渗透，另一方面乳化液珠直径一般为10～30μm，通常大于储层的喉道半径（平均0.5μm），也可以进一步阻止压裂液通过微裂缝向油层渗透，通过这两种方式可以有效地减少压裂液对地层的水敏性伤害。 
专利CN102093881A公布一种交联水包油乳化压裂液，该专利只是公布了如何能形成交联水包油乳化压裂液，并未涉及压后破乳问题。本发明通过对添加剂的优选，实现了不仅破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液。实 际上压裂液在完成压裂任务后，需要尽快返排出地面，乳化液如果不破乳，压后驱替压力的反转，同样在填砂层与近井地带存在的孔喉中产生返排阻力，影响压裂液的顺利返排。破胶又破乳水包油乳化压裂液不仅改善了压裂液与地层的配伍性，提高了压裂施工成功率，还可大幅度提高压裂液返排率。因此本发明同专利CN102093881A相比更具有先进性。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够提高压裂的成功率、减少压裂液滤液对油层的伤害，同时又要提高压后压裂液破胶液的返排率，提高增油效果破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液。 
本发明所述的破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液是：以水为溶剂，通过添加不同比例的化学添加剂配制出的压裂液。本发明提出的破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液体系中各成分重量比如下： 
Figure BDA00001758492800021
羟丙基胍尔胶粉作为压裂液稠化剂，主要起增粘作用，最佳用量为0.5-0.65%；助排剂为氟碳链表面活性剂，最佳用量为1%；氯化钾为防膨剂，最佳用量根据油层条件进行选择；粘土稳定剂为季铵盐类防膨剂，本发明选用粘土稳定剂为XJHX-08，由新疆克拉玛依市新聚有限责任公司生产；杀菌剂为低碳醛类，如甲醛、戊二醛，最佳用量为0.03-0.08%；WT—1乳化剂由新疆克拉玛依市中太有限责任公司生产，最佳用量为0.5—3%；破乳剂为聚氧乙烯丙烯十八醇醚类，如本发明选用的PR—1破乳剂，由新疆克拉玛依市中太有限责任公司生产，最佳用量为0.5-2%；KXDT—1破乳剂，最佳用量：0.5—2%，由新疆克拉玛依市新科奥有限责任公司生产；交联剂为YGB有机硼交联剂，由新疆克拉玛依市采油工艺研究院生产，最佳用量为0.1-0.3%；破胶剂为过硫酸钠，最佳用量为0.04-0.1%。 
本发明的主要特征为： 
1、本发明的压裂液同现有专利技术配制的乳化压裂液不同点在于：本发明的乳化压裂液破胶又破乳。 
2、本发明液体配制工艺简单，现场便于操作。 
3、本发明提出的破胶又破乳的水包油乳化压裂液体系具有良好的液体综合性能： 
①、具有良好的配伍性能，与其他添加剂和地层流体有很好的配伍性； 
②、具有延迟交联特性，交联时间40s-180s； 
③、具有良好的降滤失性能，滤失系数为；1.2-5.8×10-4min1/2； 
④、具有良好的防膨效果，在未加任何防膨剂的情况下，防膨率（针对粘土）可达70%； 
⑤、破胶彻底，满足返排要求，破胶液粘度小于7mPa·s； 
⑥、该压裂液体系满足50-100℃储层压裂施工要求。 
附图说明
图1沙丘14井施工曲线图 
具体实施方式
实施例1： 
①60℃乳化原液配方：0.5%HPGUR粉、10%KCL、0.5%XJHX-08、1%ZJ-07助排剂、0.3%KNF杀菌剂、0.5%SP-80、1%PR-1和0.02%氢氧化钠。 
②配制方法：取1000ml水置于1000ml容积的吴茵混调器中，加入100gKCL，搅拌溶解后加入5.0g羟丙基胍胶粉，搅拌2min溶解增粘，依次加入2ml XJHX-08、10ml ZJ-07助排剂、3ml KNF杀菌剂、5ml SP-80乳化剂、10ml PR-1破乳剂、0.2g氢氧化钠搅拌均匀，放置于1000ml烧杯中静置4小时，制成基液备用。 
③交联液配方：1.5%YGB有机硼交联剂+0.6%过硫酸钠；取100ml水置于200ml容积的烧杯中，加入YGB有机硼交联剂1.5ml，加入过硫酸钠0.6g，搅拌均匀，制成交联液备用。 
④交联比：10∶1 
⑤压裂冻胶的制备：取基液75ml置于200ml容积烧杯中，加入25ml0#柴油搅拌20s制成乳化原液。在乳化原液中加入10ml交联液，用玻璃棒搅拌，即可形成交联冻胶，交联时间为1min20s。在室温25℃下，使用RV-20型旋转粘度仪在170S-1剪切速率下，测得基液粘度71mPa·s，压裂液冻胶粘度≥500mPa·s，3小时60℃下破胶液粘度≤7mPa·s；在静态条件下油水分离清析。 
实施例2： 
①70℃乳化原液配方：0.55%HPGUR粉+10%KCL+0.5%XJHX-08+1%ZJ-07助排剂+0.3%KNF杀菌剂+0.5%OP-10+1%WT-1+0.5%KXDT-1+0.024%氢氧化钠 
②配制方法：取1000ml水置于1000ml容积的吴茵混调器中，加入100gKCL，搅拌溶解后加入5.5g羟丙基胍胶粉，搅拌2min溶解增粘，依次加入2ml XJHX-08、10ml ZJ-07助排剂、3ml KNF杀菌剂、5ml OP-10、10WT-1乳化剂、5ml KXDT-1破乳剂、0.24g氢氧化钠搅拌均匀，放置于1000ml烧杯中静置4小时，制成基液备用。 
③交联液配方：1.5%YGB有机硼交联剂+1%HT稳定剂+0.25%过硫酸钠；取100ml水置于200ml容积的烧杯中，加入YGB有机硼交联剂1.5g、加入HT稳定剂1g、加入过硫酸钠0.25g，搅拌均匀，制成交联液备用。 
④交联比：10∶1 
⑤压裂冻胶的制备：取基液75ml置于200ml容积烧杯中，加入25ml0#柴油搅拌20s制成乳化原液。在乳化原液中加入10ml交联液，用玻璃棒搅拌，即可形成交联冻胶，交联时间为1min30s左右。在室温25℃下，使用RV-20型旋转粘度仪在170S-1剪切速率下，测得基液粘度83mPa·s，压裂液冻胶粘度≥500mPa·s，3小时70℃下破胶液粘度≤7mPa·s，在静态条件下油水分离清析。 
实施例3： 
①85℃乳化原液配方：0.65%HPGUR粉+10%KCL+0.5%XJHX-08+1%ZJ-07助排剂+0.3%KNF杀菌剂+1%OP-10+3%WT-1+1%KXDT-1+0.026%氢氧化钠 
②配制方法：取1000ml水置于1000ml容积的吴茵混调器中，加入100gKCL，搅拌溶解后加入6.5g羟丙基胍胶粉，搅拌2min溶解增粘，依次加入2ml XJHX-08、10ml ZJ-07助排剂、3ml KNF杀菌剂、10ml OP-10、 30WT-1乳化剂、10ml KXDT-1破乳剂、0.26g氢氧化钠搅拌均匀，放置于1000ml烧杯中静置4小时，制成基液备用。 
③交联液配方：2%YGB有机硼交联剂+2%HT稳定剂+0.2%过硫酸钠；取100ml水置于200ml容积的烧杯中，加入YGB有机硼交联剂2g、加入HT稳定剂2g、加入过硫酸钠0.2g，搅拌均匀，制成交联液备用。 
④交联比：10∶1 
⑤压裂冻胶的制备：取基液70ml置于200ml容积烧杯中，加入30ml0#柴油搅拌20s制成乳化原液。在乳化原液中加入10ml交联液，用玻璃棒搅拌，即可形成交联冻胶，交联时间为1min10s左右。在室温25℃下，使用RV-20型旋转粘度仪在170S-1剪切速率下，测得基液粘度104mPa·s，压裂液冻胶粘度≥500mPa·s，3小时85℃下破胶液粘度≤7mPa·s，在静态条件下油水分离清析。 
实施例6： 
沙丘14井位于新疆阜康市紫泥泉子镇东北约36km，距沙丘13井北1.73km 2441.02m～2444.72m层段是属于中孔低渗，岩性为灰色荧光含砾细砂岩，含油性评价为油层。该井段储集层孔隙度的变化范围为8.20%～13.5%，平均值为12.0%；渗透率的变化范围为0.278×10-3μm2～4.65×10-3μm2，平均值为1.96×10-3μm2。对于低渗储层，改造的主要目的是造长缝。本次压裂前置液采用乳化压裂液、加砂采用有机防膨胍胶压裂液的方式。前置液采用乳化压裂液，可降低滤失，提高液体效率，有效造缝，减少水相的伤害。压裂液中加6%KCL+0.5%有机防膨剂防膨。乳化压裂液配方：0.5%HPGUR粉+6%KCL+0.5%XJHX-08+1%ZJ-07助排剂+0.3%KNF杀菌剂+0.5%OP-10+1%WT-1+1%PR-1+0.02%氢氧化钠+柴油（乳化率为20%），其中：乳化压裂液150m3，有机防膨胍胶压裂液100m3。 支撑剂为20/40目郑州润宝低密高强陶粒20m3，20/40目覆膜陶粒10m3。 
Figure BDA00001758492800071
返排率在70%以上，破胶液粘度：3.6-6.8mPa.s，返排液静止放置4小时后，破乳率在90%以上。 

Claims (1)

1.一种破胶又破乳水包油乳化压裂液，其特征在于：由以下组分按百分比配制而成
Figure FDA00001758492700011
所述的交联剂为YGB有机硼交联剂；
所述的助排剂氟碳链表面活性剂；
所述的破胶剂为过硫酸钠；
所述的粘土稳定剂为季铵盐类防膨剂；
所述的杀菌剂为甲醛或戊二醛；
所述的破乳剂为聚氧乙烯丙烯十八醇醚类。
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CN103965860A (zh) * 2014-04-23 2014-08-06 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 一种助排型植物胶压裂液及其制备方法
WO2015120751A1 (zh) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-20 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司 页岩油气井压裂用试剂及其产品
CN105368434A (zh) * 2014-08-13 2016-03-02 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 复合稠化剂压裂液
CN105838341A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2016-08-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司石油工程技术研究院 一种压裂用的长效防膨剂及其制备方法、应用
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CN109762550A (zh) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-17 山东滨州昱诚化工科技有限公司 一种压裂酸化用复合添加剂及其制备方法
CN112727422A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-30 新疆永升能源有限责任公司 一种携砂挤液储层改造方法

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WO2015120751A1 (zh) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-20 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司 页岩油气井压裂用试剂及其产品
CN103965860A (zh) * 2014-04-23 2014-08-06 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 一种助排型植物胶压裂液及其制备方法
CN105368434A (zh) * 2014-08-13 2016-03-02 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 复合稠化剂压裂液
CN105368434B (zh) * 2014-08-13 2018-12-25 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 复合稠化剂压裂液
CN105838341A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2016-08-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司石油工程技术研究院 一种压裂用的长效防膨剂及其制备方法、应用
WO2018125260A1 (en) * 2016-12-31 2018-07-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Breaker system for emulsified fluid system
CN109762550A (zh) * 2019-02-19 2019-05-17 山东滨州昱诚化工科技有限公司 一种压裂酸化用复合添加剂及其制备方法
CN112727422A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-30 新疆永升能源有限责任公司 一种携砂挤液储层改造方法

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