CN1304148C - Selective laser evaporating-sintering technology and system for quickly shaping thin wall with powder material - Google Patents

Selective laser evaporating-sintering technology and system for quickly shaping thin wall with powder material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1304148C
CN1304148C CNB011399732A CN01139973A CN1304148C CN 1304148 C CN1304148 C CN 1304148C CN B011399732 A CNB011399732 A CN B011399732A CN 01139973 A CN01139973 A CN 01139973A CN 1304148 C CN1304148 C CN 1304148C
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China
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laser
dusty material
vaporization
thin wall
container
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CN1363440A (en
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左铁钏
陈继民
王旭葆
王瑞
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a system for selective area laser vaporization sintering quick thin wall formation of powdered materials, which belongs to the technical field of the quick formation of laser material processing. The present invention firstly completes a threedimensional CAD model which needs to be shaped on a computer, a container 5 which comprises the powdered materials is placed on a working table 13, and a cushion plate 10 is placed at the bottom of the container. Laser beams pass through a reflector 1 and a reflector 2 and respectively move along the direction of X and Y in the formation process under the control of a computer, laser selectively scans the powdered materials 6 through the focusing of a focusing mirror 3, the scanned powdered materials are evaporated because of vapourization, edges which are scanned by the laser are not vaporized and are partially melted, thermal conduction is carried out to peripherad powder, and low-melting-point materials are heated and melted; after the melted low-melting-point materials are cooled and congealed, needed thin-wall components are formed. The present invention can effectively, quickly and conveniently form slight thin-wall components.

Description

The precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall method of dusty material
Technical field
The precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall method of dusty material belongs to Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht rapid shaping technique field.
Background technology
Rapid laser-shaping technique (Rapid Prototype) is the technology of the quick finished parts that grow up over past ten years, and it combines CAD/CAM, NC, laser and materials processing technology, a new forming technique of formation.Be adapted to the forming parts processing request of small lot, many kinds especially, have very high flexibility and adapt to the fast-changing market demand.
Laser fast shaping is by CAD the geometric data of 3 d part to be converted into the scanning pattern that moulding is piled up in point by point scanning continuously, be the turntable driving mode, be light source pointwise and raw material effect (photocuring, light sintering or light consolidation) with the focussed laser beam with Digit Control Machine Tool or mechanical hand, thus flexible quick manufacturing of realizing 3 d part.Typical laser rapid-forming method mainly contains photocuring three-dimensional contouring (Stereo Lithography, SL), laminated solid body moulding (Laminated ObjectManufacturing, LOM) and precinct laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS) etc.Photocuring three-dimensional contouring (SL) is succeeded in developing in 1987 by U.S. 3D System company, it adopts photosensitive resin is raw material, adopting He-Cd laser is the light source of photopolymerization reaction, though three-dimensional structure that can the moulding complexity, but material is single, can only be photosensitive resin, on physical property, not reach requirement.Laminated solid body moulding (LOM) technology is in invention in 1986 by the Michael Feygin of U.S. Helisys company.It is that thin-film material successively is laser-cut into required form, the formative method that is superimposed then.Owing to need only on sheet material, cut out the profile of part section, and need not scan whole cross section, so the moulding thick-walled parts is very fast, is easy to make heavy parts.
The precinct laser sintering of dusty material (Selective Laser Sintering) rapid shaping technique is typical laser rapid-forming method, has obtained application more and more widely.In the SLS technology, finish the three-dimensional CAD model that suits the requirements at first on computers, with delamination software it is carried out layering again, obtain every layer cross section, adopt automatic control technology, make laser selectively sintering go out with computer in the powder of the corresponding part of part section, make powder melt the cooled and solidified moulding through sintering.Descend one deck sintering again after finishing one deck sintering, and sintering links to each other between two-layer.Sintering, accumulation so layer by layer, the sintering part is the entity consistent with the CAD prototype just as a result, the sintering part then is not a bulky powder, can play the effect of support, and in the end be easy to clean out.
The powder particle diameter that precinct laser sintering adopts usually is several microns to tens microns.Because it is higher to fuse the required laser power of micron particles, have to adopt bigger CO2 laser and the YAG Solid State Laser of getting of power, these two kinds of laser all are in infrared band, the focal beam spot that has limited it from principle can not be very little, formation is solidified in the thawing of dusty material more in addition, has influenced the precision of laser fast shaping.The moulding of the workpiece that obtains in this way mainly is subjected to the size of powder particle and the restriction of scanning laser beam spot size by its wall thickness, is difficult to be processed into thin-wall workpiece.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall method and formation system of dusty material for realizing that this method designs.The present invention can form small thin-walled parts effectively, quickly and easily, is suitable for the little shaping of laser, little manufacturing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is referring to accompanying drawing 1,2.It is that the method for a kind of employing precinct laser vaporization sintering (Selective Laser Vapouring Sintering) is carried out shaping thin wall, the method of the precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall of dusty material, finish required three-dimensional CAD model at first on computers, adopt laser to make its moulding entity consistent to the dusty material in the constituency again with prototype, the invention is characterized in, the container that dusty material will be housed earlier is positioned on the shaped device, start computer controlled controlling laser beam, to laser transmit and focus on after act on the dusty material, the constituency powder is vaporized, and the dusty material fusing cooled and solidified moulding of not vaporized by laser beam.
Adopted low melting point, lower boiling metal, metal alloy or nonmetallic materials among the present invention, dusty material is placed on thickness<15 millimeter in the container.The focusing focus of the laser beam 8 among the present invention is on the surface of dusty material 6.To be vaporized through the dusty material of scan line 9 after the laser scanning among the present invention, be not vaporized the fusing of part 7 sintering, make low melting point powder smelting on every side, cooled and solidified moulding through the heat conduction again.
The system of the precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall of dusty material, include the laser instrument 12 that computer 11 reaches by its control, the invention is characterized in that being provided with one accepts the shaping thin wall device that laser scanning is used, device comprises by workbench 13, place the motion crossbeam 4 of workbench top, be fixed on speculum that moves along Y direction 1 on the motion crossbeam 4 and the working head 14 that can move in the X-axis direction according to a conventional method, be fixed with speculum 2 in the working head and reach the focus lamp 3 of fixing acceptance thereunder, have and to put into the container 5 that holds dusty material on the workbench from speculum 2 downward reflection lasering beams.
The bottom placement one of the container 5 among the present invention props up the backing plate 10 of dusty material.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows: laser instrument 12 emission laser beam are behind speculum 1, speculum 2, and line focus lens 3 focus on the dusty material.Speculum 1 is fixed on the crossbeam 4, can move along the Y direction with crossbeam 4, and speculum 2 can move along directions X on crossbeam 4.Finish the three-dimensional CAD model that needs moulding at first on computers, the container 5 that fills dusty material is placed on the workbench 13, backing plate 10 is placed on container bottom.In the forming process, under the control of computer, laser beam moves along X, Y direction respectively through speculum 1, speculum 2, focus lamp 3 by in the working head 14 makes laser scan dusty material 6 selectively, evaporates because of vaporization through the dusty material of overscanning, the edge of laser scanning is not vaporized but has been melted part 7, powder heat conduction towards periphery, the low melting material melted by heat becomes required thin-walled parts after the cooled and solidified.The thermal conductivity of bottom backing material directly influences the molding effect of thin-walled bottom.
The precinct laser vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall method and system of dusty material, its basic principle is different from precinct laser sintering (SLS) scanning powder, make powder smelting, but utilize this special thermal source of laser to shine on the dusty material, through focusing on the high concentration of back laser energy, by control laser beam output energy, the movement velocity of focal position and light beam and material etc., dusty material moment is vaporized, owing to act on the dusty material, the power density of beam and focus central authorities is higher, make material vaporization and evaporate, and the power density at hot spot edge is lower, do not reach vaporization institute energy requirement with the dusty material contact portion, can only melt cooled and solidified moulding subsequently.
Therefore, the evaporation of light beam middle body material and the thawing of marginal portion material are two basic processes of luminous flux at the dusty material shaping thin wall, and forming thin-walled wall thickness is subjected to the size and the influence of laser action time of powder particle.The granularity of ordinary powder is less than 50 microns, and the granularity of superfines if use thinner nano particle, then can be easy to the nano level thin-wall part of machine-shaping less than 5 microns in this way.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 system schematic of the present invention, 1, the speculum that can move along Y direction, 2, the speculum that can move in the X-axis direction with working head, 3, place the focus lamp of working head, 4, the motion crossbeam, 5, container, 11, computer, 12, laser instrument, 13, workbench, 14, the working head that moves in the X-axis direction.
Fig. 2 shaping thin wall process working condition schematic diagram, 6, dusty material, 7, forming thin-walled, 8, laser beam, 9, the laser scanning circuit, 10, backing plate
The thin-walled Chinese character of Fig. 3 moulding (match end size);
The gear that designs in Fig. 4 computer;
The minute gear of the actual moulding of Fig. 5.
The specific embodiment
Provide specific embodiment below in conjunction with the present invention:
System of the present invention constitutes sees Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and assembly method is made routinely.Its course of work and molding effect are as follows:
Example 1, forming thin-walled Chinese character (match end size)
At first import Chinese character " worker " in computer 11, the container 5 that fills dusty material is placed on the workbench 13, metal caul 10 is put in the powder bottom.Open laser instrument 12, start computer 11 control systems, under the control of computer, laser beam is by speculum 1, and the motion of speculum 2 is along the outline scanning of Chinese character " worker ", laser beam 8 focuses on powder surface, dusty material vaporization through laser scanning evaporates, and evaporation section 7 fusings are not passed through the heat conduction again with near dusty material fusing, cooled and solidified aftershaping.After the completion of processing, dispose all the other powder, profiled member to the end, shown in accompanying drawing (3), wall thickness<0.1 millimeter.
Example 2, forming thin-walled miniature gears
At first draw a gear as shown in Figure 4 in computer 11, the container 5 that fills dusty material is placed on the workbench 13, metal caul 10 is put in the powder bottom.Open laser instrument 12, start computer 11 control systems, under the control of computer, laser beam is by speculum 1, and the motion of speculum 2 is along the contour scanning of gear, laser beam 8 focuses on powder surface, dusty material vaporization through laser scanning evaporates, and evaporation section 7 fusings are not passed through the heat conduction again with near the fusing of the dusty material it, cooled and solidified aftershaping.After the completion of processing, dispose all the other powder, as figure shown in (5) profiled member to the end, gear profile diameter<3 millimeter.

Claims (3)

1. the method for the precinct laser of dusty material vaporization sintering quickly shaping thin wall, finish required three-dimensional CAD model at first on computers, adopt laser to make its moulding entity consistent to the dusty material in the constituency again with prototype, it is characterized in that, the container that dusty material will be housed earlier is positioned on the shaped device, start computer controlled controlling laser beam, to laser transmit and focus on after act on the dusty material, the constituency powder is vaporized, and the dusty material fusing cooled and solidified moulding of not vaporized by laser beam.
2. the method for the precinct laser of dusty material according to claim 1 vaporization quickly shaping thin wall, it is characterized in that: the focusing focus of laser beam (8) is on the surface of dusty material (6), laser scans dusty material under computer control, will be through the dusty material vaporization of scan line (9), be not vaporized part (7) fusing near it, make low melting point powder smelting on every side, cooled and solidified moulding through the heat conduction again.
3. the method for the precinct laser of dusty material according to claim 1 vaporization quickly shaping thin wall, it is characterized in that: adopted the dusty material of low melting point, lower boiling metal, metal alloy or nonmetallic materials, dusty material is placed on thickness<15 millimeter in the container.
CNB011399732A 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 Selective laser evaporating-sintering technology and system for quickly shaping thin wall with powder material Expired - Fee Related CN1304148C (en)

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Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100391721C (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-06-04 谭昊涯 Quick forming method by adoption of projection technique
CN1295051C (en) * 2004-12-15 2007-01-17 华中科技大学 Rapid forming system for direct manufacturing metal parts
CN1325368C (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-07-11 南京师范大学 Method for rapid manufacturing three-dimensional complex micro structure
CN100402196C (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-07-16 北京工业大学 Metal powder laser micro shaping gas protection device
CN100586611C (en) * 2008-02-27 2010-02-03 华南理工大学 Selective laser melting direct manufacturing method of customized tongue side orthodontic bracket
CN103071795B (en) * 2013-01-23 2016-03-02 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 Mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM former
CN103611939A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-03-05 宁波金鹏高强度紧固件有限公司 Method for manufacturing abrasion-resistant fastening piece through 3D printing technology
CN103949638A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-30 张百成 Light-split single-light source double-scanning electron microscope type selective laser melting molding device
CN104708827A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-06-17 深圳长朗三维科技有限公司 Large-format photosensitive resin curing 3D printer
CN106270518B (en) * 2016-09-05 2019-03-12 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 A kind of drop formation method for metal 3 D-printing

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5730925A (en) * 1995-04-21 1998-03-24 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object
CN2372077Y (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-04-05 华中理工大学 Double-shaft coupled scanning type selective laser sintering equipment
JP2001301045A (en) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-30 Nsk Ltd Rapid prototyping apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5730925A (en) * 1995-04-21 1998-03-24 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object
CN2372077Y (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-04-05 华中理工大学 Double-shaft coupled scanning type selective laser sintering equipment
JP2001301045A (en) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-30 Nsk Ltd Rapid prototyping apparatus

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