CN1300857A - Stachyose and its preparing process - Google Patents
Stachyose and its preparing process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A stachyose product is prepared from stachys through squeezing, removing impurities from juice, clarifying, decolouring and vacuum concentrating. Said product in the form of syrup, oral liquid or powder used as the raw material of health-care food and medicine has high total content of oligomerized galatose (60-90 wt.%), where more than 70% is stachyose.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of functional oligose--stachyose and production method thereof, relating in particular to the betony is that raw material is made with extra care the stachyose that obtains through extracting, and also relates to the production method of this stachyose.
Stachyose is as a kind of bifidus factor oligose, it is the tetrose that constitutes by semi-lactosi-semi-lactosi-glucose-fructose, more extensively be present in the natural phant, its structure is that the glucose side at a part sucrose combines two molecule semi-lactosis, belong to oligomeric galactose, the form that can write a Chinese character in simplified form into D-galactose alpha-1 → 6D-galactose alpha-1 → 6D-glucose α-1 → 2 β-D-fructose.Recent study confirms, as functional oligose, in the numerous bifidus factor oligose of item, except that xylo-oligosaccharide, the general average one day health care amount of oligose is 8～15g, and only need 0.5～3g based on average day health care amount of the α type oligomeric galactose of stachyose (may comprise a small amount of raffinose and verbascose), as seen its physiologically active and effect is good.The nourishing function of this α type oligomeric galactose is except that a large amount of propagation embody in intestines by bifidus bacillus etc., promote that in addition short chain fatty acid increases and formation of inhibition carcinogens and the comprehensive effect that improves intestinal environment in the intestines, and have the usefulness that trace elements such as improving calcium, magnesium absorbs.Specifically, stachyose, raffinose per os can directly arrive large intestine after taking in, by promoting wherein a large amount of propagation of bifidus bacillus, Bacterium lacticum, form the advantage flora of bifidus bacillus and increase short chain fatty acid in the intestines, make intestinal acidityization, thereby suppress the generation of spoilage product, the comprehensive intestinal environment of improving that inhibition cholesterol rising etc. causes, prevent and treat effects such as diarrhoea, constipation and improvement stool proterties, the effect of performance health care simultaneously and beauty treatment.
Stachyose low sweet (only be sucrose sweetness 22%), low heat value, a large amount of absorptions are not become fat, non-stimulated to blood sugar and insulin secretion, and it is more heat-resisting, can not decompose when heating is no more than 140 ℃ usually, even heating is also decomposed seldom under acidic conditions, stable than sucrose and oligofructose, so can be used in beverage and the acidic food.In animal experiment, find the effect that oligomeric galactoses such as stachyose, raffinose have inorganic salt such as promoting calcium, magnesium to absorb; Find that in rat test it plays effective inhibition to the experimental hepatopathy that GalN causes, find also that simultaneously this class sugar can suppress to produce nitroso compound in the intestines, reduce carinogenicity.
Stachyose can be described as in current worldwide health care upsurge and takes the course of its own as a kind of functional oligose, causes common people's concern day by day.Before the present invention, stachyose is mainly derived from soybean, and the soybean oligosaccharide syrup as Japan's report comprises in its total reducing sugar: stachyose 24%, raffinose 8%, sucrose 39%, fructose and glucose 16%, other sugar 13%.This product is specific food for health care by Japanese health ministry approval, also is the oligose goods that obtain the safety non-toxic that U.S. FDA at first approves.The domestic like product that report arranged also is soybean oligosaccharide (the bifid propagation oral liquid of producing as the inferior U.S. protective foods in Shijiazhuang factory), wherein raffinose and stachyose total content only 〉=0.65～1.39/100ml.
That is to say, at present in the soybean oligosaccharide goods of existing report, as the stachyose of functional oligose and raffinose in its goods total reducing sugar content only up to 32%, this content is that the composition by the soy material that extracts usefulness is determined, so be difficult under the prerequisite that increases cost not significantly from technology realization breakthrough.Because the content of useful oligosaccharide is low in the product, when being used as particularly low sugar healthcare products of protective foods, certainly will influence its health-care effect, so, seek new raw material, produce the hot subject that high-quality oligose product has become this area.
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of stachyose goods, it is from unlike the prior art raw material, be betony, account for 60～90wt% of total reducing sugar in the goods based on the oligomeric galactose content of stachyose, and this oligomeric galactose amount is stachyose more than 70%.
It is the processing method of the above-mentioned stachyose goods of raw material production that another object of the present invention is to provide with the betony, produces and to prepare wherein functional oligose content far above the stachyose product of prior art products.
The present invention also provides several prods pattern and the method for making and the application of described stachyose goods.
Stachyose goods provided by the present invention are to be that raw material extracts refining forming with the betony.Detected result shows, the meat stem tuber of betony generally contains oligose, to be sucrose be connected 1 oligomeric galactose to several semi-lactosis with glucose side chain at sucrose to its composition, as raffinose (trisaccharide), stachyose (tetrose), verbascose (pentasaccharides) and contain more six sugar of semi-lactosi and be higher than the oligose of six sugar is many with stachyose especially wherein, accounts for 50～90% of total reducing sugar.Stachyose provided by the invention derives from such natural plant raw material just, and functional oligomeric galactose amount accounts for 60～90% of its total reducing sugar in the product that extraction separation obtains, and this oligomeric galactose amount is stachyose more than 70%.
Most crop varieties in the betony all can be used as the raw material of stachyose goods of the present invention, comprise as crops such as Rhizome of Bear's-foot Fern, silver bar, snail dish, cutworms.
According to Application Areas and needs, stachyose goods of the present invention can comprise formulations such as syrup, oral liquid and solid dry powder; Wherein syrup is meant that concentration is 65～80%, preferred 70～75% heavy syrup, and its concrete concentration can be controlled concentration operation on request and satisfy.Functional sugar concentration such as stachyose is 15～30% in the oral liquid product, is generally 30%.Pressed powder is meant that then moisture is at the white powder product below 5%.Product in any shape, functional oligose amount wherein all accounts for 60～90% of its total reducing sugar, and this oligomeric galactose amount is stachyose more than 70%.Oral liquid can be for directly taking, and heavy syrup and pressed powder can be used as the intermediate raw material of food and healthcare products production usually, also can directly make healthcare products or medicinal.
It is the method for raw material production stachyose that the present invention also provides with the betony, and the step that this method comprises has:
(1) the squeezing raw material extracts and squeezes the juice;
(2) the above-mentioned disgorging of squeezing the juice of heating adds finings and clarifies, and collects supernatant liquor in the filtrate;
(3) gac of its solid content 4～10% of adding in above-mentioned clear liquid is heated to 60～80 ℃, decolours 30～60 minutes;
(4) liquid glucose after the decolouring passes through sun-anionite-exchange resin in regular turn, makes to go out post liquid glucose ultimate density 6～14% after ion-exchange, and specific conductivity is below 50 μ s/cm;
(5) the refining liquid glucose after above-mentioned ion-exchange is in 45～75 ℃ of vacuum concentration.
Since the used betony raw material of the present invention be 1 year results once, so can adopt fresh feed directly squeezing extraction after fragmentation (the different first boilings of also visual raw material) in the raw material harvest season, in between the harvests then can adopt the siccative of making through Exposure to Sunlight or furnace drying method, usually the raw material water content after drying is 10～15%, need to soak earlier in producing this moment or boiling after again squeezing extract, according to embodiment of the present invention, water logging bubble 4～12 hours that the preferred raw material weight of adding earlier is 3～6 times or boiling 10～30 minutes are squeezed then.
No matter adopt fresh feed or siccative, the residue in the production after the squeezing generally adds water and stirs evenly and carry out wash press 1～3 time, collects and squeezes the juice, and is extracted out until the sugar component major part that wherein contains, and last slag is capable of using as feed or make usefulness such as foodstuff fibre.
The composition of above-mentioned squeezing extracting solution has comprised a large amount of unknown compositions, it is the turbid liquid of a brown, wherein except that carbohydrate, also be mingled with a large amount of non-sugared compositions such as protein, amino acid, organic acid, resinous material, pigment, alkaloid, colloid thing and organic and inorganic salt, so before decolouring and making with extra care, to squeeze the liquid glucose heating of extracting earlier, play germicidal action first, second make the composition that thermally denature wherein can take place, for example protein etc. solidifies sedimentation (can adjust pH in case of necessity), is removed after filtration.
Generally still muddy through the filtrate after the heating and filtering, and then use the further removal of impurities of suitable finings, the use of this finings is determined according to actual needs, the present invention is not particularly limited the kind and the usage quantity of described finings, but preferably can comprise mineral acid, material such as mineral alkali, diatomite, acidic white earth.Bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry is used for adjusting when needed the pH value of material, makes some impurity form post precipitation under certain pH and removes, and can add neutralizing agent such as lime carbonate or calcium hydroxide, be used for and liquid glucose in mineral acid, organic acid etc., make it to generate precipitation and remove.Also can use diatomite, stir some impurity that makes it in the adsorbing and extracting liquid,, and can make the solution clarification quickly, remove wherein most of suspension solid substance as pectin, VITAMIN, some pigment etc.; Another kind more preferably finings is an acidic white earth, test-results shows, it has certain absorption and decoloring ability, it is the fertile absorber of compositions such as some alkaloid, VITAMIN, diatomaceous add-on can be 5～10% of the middle solid content of squeezing the juice of handling in the actual production, the usage quantity of acidic white earth is 4～12% of the solid content of squeezing the juice, and above-mentioned finings can only use a kind of or uses in order some kinds.
It is brown that the present invention extracts liquid glucose, so also need decolour after the removal of impurities, the preferred decoloring method of the present invention removes most of pigment for using gac earlier, thoroughly removes remaining pigment through ion exchange resin simultaneously at purified then.During activated carbon decolorizing, the add-on of gac be in the liquid glucose solid content 4～10%, the Heating temperature during decolouring is at 60～80 ℃, bleaching time 30～60 minutes; Also can gradation decolour, to reduce activated carbon dosage.
Liquid glucose after the decolouring is generally lighter pale brown look, the present invention program adopts ion exchange resin refining to it, purpose is that the impurity of removing more up hill and dale wherein (mainly is nitrogenous compounds such as amino acid, remaining protein, free alkaloid, also have partial pigment and most salt etc.), make final heavy syrup look shallow, the flavor just, quality is prolonged constant.The liquid glucose that enters ion exchange column is that above-mentioned the processing through decolouring removed most of pigment, but still have certain color (pale brown), still have complicated flavor such as sweet salty aquatic foods of raw material inherent matter, specific conductivity is up to 4000～5000 μ s/cm, the sugar soln of pol about 10～15%.According to an embodiment of the present invention, this sugar soln is refining through sun-anionite-exchange resin again, and the ion exchange resin that the present invention preferably uses comprises polystyrene gel or macroporous ion exchange resin or medical or refine sugar resin dedicated.Obtain post liquid glucose ultimate density and should reach 6～14%, specific conductivity is below 50 μ s/cm.Crossing post purified parameter designing and condition can adjust in this qualification and change according to actual needs, preferred sun-anionite-exchange resin is designed to combination form in concrete operations, the pattern that can comprise strong acid sun resin-weak base negative resin or strong acid sun resin-weak base negative resin-strong base negative resin makes pending liquid glucose order be made with extra care by each exchange column.
Liquid glucose after refining is concentrated in vacuo in 45～75 ℃ and requires concentration, is better than 45～65 ℃ of vacuum concentration most, deepens to avoid solution colour, and particularly concentration time is than under the long situation.
Product form provided by the invention can be forms such as syrup, oral liquid and pressed powder.The heavy syrup that obtains through vacuum concentration according to purposes with need its concentration to control realization in concentration process, promptly is concentrated into the oral liquid that 30～40% syrup can be formulated into functional oligoses such as containing stachyose 30%; Be concentrated into 70～75% heavy syrup as syrupy product; The spray-dried water content that then becomes of the liquid glucose of vacuum concentration is at the powder-product below 5%, liquor inlet concentration 15～55% usually, 150～180 ℃ of inlet temperature.
It is the process flow sheet of raw material production stachyose with the betony that accompanying drawing 1 is depicted as the present invention.
Can draw in sum, the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention will have the following advantages and effect:
1, raw material is easy to get, and production cost is low. Before the present invention, betony mainly by among the people as edible vegetable, its dark one deck Application and Development is not drawn attention, the inventor is analysing in depth its composition on the basis of exploration, first take this plant as raw material, the functional oligose take stachyose as main component is isolated in extraction, for the deep processing and utilization of this plant has proposed new approach. Betony has very strong vitality, less demanding to soil and fertilizer, be suitable for soil property and owe fertile sandy soil ground etc. than planting the poverty-stricken area, the plantation of its spread can not produce the contradiction of striving ground with the crop such as grain, and this plant well developed root system in growth, branches and leaves are luxuriant, favourable sand-fixation soil-retention, be that popularizing planting can also play improvement ecology, the effect of protection of the environment; This Plants also has the output height, the characteristics that planting cost is low, and enforcement of the present invention can drive the popularizing planting of this crop of development thus, gives full play to land efficiency, for the peasant provides a new way of shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity. Also provide sufficient raw material for the suitability for industrialized production of stachyose conversely.
2, the present invention has adopted raw material unlike the prior art, function compound sugar in the stachyose product of producing (containing a small amount of gossypose take stachyose as the master) content is far above present soyabean oligosaccharides, according to the result of inventor in experimental stage, its content can be up to 80～90%, and the content of the high sweetness sugars of high heat is low in the product, so stachyose goods of the present invention have more low characteristics sweet, low in calories, and non-stimulated to blood sugar and insulin, especially be more suitable for the overweight people and the diabetic takes. Product of the present invention both can be directly as the health products picked-up, it is multi-field that the raw material that also can be used as health food is widely used in beverage, candy, cake, dairy produce, cold drink, flavouring, remedy diet etc., also can develop as medicinal raw material.
3, the present invention is under the prerequisite that proposes suitable raw materials for production, one cover production technology scientific and reasonable and suitable for China is proposed, i.e. industrialized preparing process take modern separation and purification technology as the stachyose of core, this method can be stablized and reaches more than 70% the recovery rate of sugar in the raw material, and the recovery rate under various optimum conditions can be up to 90%.
Introduce embodiment of the present invention by the following examples in detail, but do not limit practical range of the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1
Drying Rhizome of Bear's-foot Fern 300 grams, added the 1800ml water boil after the flushing 40 minutes, through squeeze and filter, the concentration 11.5% of squeezing the juice that obtains, marc add the 1000ml water washing again and squeeze the liquid glucose of concentration 2.5%, discard slag, with the merging of squeezing the juice of two parts, obtain about 2500ml brown, and muddy squeezing extracting solution, sugared concentration 8.5%, heated and boiled it, leave standstill then and remove precipitation, the diatomite that adds liquid glucose solid content 6% stirs evenly the back standing sedimentation, removes precipitation, 8% of its solid content of adding acidic white earth in clear liquid, be heated to 90 ℃, stir sedimentation filtration once more after 30 minutes, add the gac (once add or add at twice) of its solid content 10% in the clear liquid again, decoloured 20～40 minutes down at 60～80 ℃, filter oyster liquid, its sugared concentration 7.5%, the about 4800 μ s/cm of specific conductivity.This destainer order is carried out ion-exchange by strong acid cation resin 001 post and macropore weak base anion resins D-709 post, obtain liquid glucose 2000ml closely colourless, concentration about 6.8%, record its specific conductivity 25 μ s/cm, the employing film under vacuum concentrates, temperature is controlled 55 ℃, obtains the syrup 200ml of concentration 65%.Light yellow, limpid, the sweet free from extraneous odour of distinguishing the flavor of of this syrup detects through high pressure liquid chromatography, and the composition and the ratio of contained various sugar see the following form:
| Sugar component | Per-cent % | The functional oligose total content |
| More than the pentasaccharides | 17.40 | 90.35％ |
| Pentasaccharides | 4.58 | |
| Stachyose | 68.37 | |
| Sucrose | 6.65 | |
| Glucose | 1.13 | |
| Fructose | 1.86 |
Embodiment 2
Fresh Rhizome of Bear's-foot Fern 500g, clean, broken earlier, obtaining 200ml through squeezing again squeezes the juice, concentration 20%, add in the marc and leave standstill after water 800ml stirs evenly, squeeze again secondary juice 750ml, concentration 9.3%, merging is squeezed the juice, add diatomite and acidic white earth processing as embodiment 1, add gac 4% decolouring again and handle, get the destainer 890ml of concentration 8.5%, adopt ion exchange resin refining with embodiment 1, dense 6.0% the peace and quiet liquid glucose 910ml that is subjected to, getting concentration through 60 ℃ of vacuum concentration is 70% light syrup 76ml, functional oligose content such as stachyose wherein account for 88.2% of total reducing sugar amount.
Embodiment 3
Fresh silver bar 700g steamed 10 minutes, squeeze the raw sugar liquid 450ml of concentration 18.5%, marc adds the 300ml that squeezes the juice that 350ml water washing squeezing obtains 7% concentration again, squeeze the juice to merge for two batches and boiled 10 minutes, leave standstill filtration, get the clear liquid of 650ml concentration 15.5%, the acidic white earth that adds solid content 6%, be heated to 90 ℃, stirred 30 minutes, clarification filtration adds the gac of solid content 4% again in the filtrate, 70 ℃ decoloured 30 minutes down, filter the destainer of 700ml sugar concentration 12.7%, its electricity is led about 3000 μ s/cm, this destainer is handled by strong acid cation resin 001-weak base anion resins D-709-strong base anion resins 711 combined ionic exchange columns in proper order, obtain the peace and quiet colourless 800ml of post liquid excessively, sugar concentration 10.1%, specific conductivity 20 μ s/cm, vacuum concentration is to concentration 70%, get heavy syrup 110ml, for light yellow, sweet taste is pure.
Sample detects through high pressure liquid chromatography, and wherein the content of various sugared compositions sees the following form:
| Sugar component | Content (g) | Per-cent % |
| Tetrose (stachyose wherein contains a small amount of raffinose) | 6.980 | 92.1 |
| Sucrose | 0.315 | 4.2 |
| Glucose | 0.177 | 2.3 |
| Fructose | 0.106 | 1.4 |
| Total reducing sugar | 7.578 | 100 |
Embodiment 4
Air-dry silver bar 1000g adds water 3000ml and boiled 20 minutes, squeezing, and residue adds water 1500ml washing 2 times, squeezing again, the merging of squeezing the juice is total to 4020ml, concentration 15.4%.Squeezing the juice is heated to about 80 ℃, adds Ca (OH)
2Solution is transferred pH to 8.5～9.0 clarification filtrations, after filtrate is transferred pH to 6.0～7.0 with rare sulfuric acid, be heated to 80 ℃, 6% acidic white earth and 6% gac that add solid content, handle 40 minutes after-filtration, get the about 4000ml of destainer of concentration 14.0%, record specific conductivity 5200 μ s/cm, this destainer is in proper order by D-001 strong acid cation resin and D-301 weak base anion resins and D-201 strong base anion resins exchange column, collected the about 4160ml of post liquid glucose, concentration 10.6%, specific conductivity 27 μ s/cm.In 60 ℃ of following vacuum concentration to 34% concentration, through bottling, capping, sterilization, make oral liquid, every 10g wherein contains the about 3g of functional oligose such as stachyose.
Embodiment 5
Drying silver bar 50kg adds 150 liters in water, boiled 20 minutes, and squeezing then, slag adds water washing squeezing 2 times again, mergings of squeezing the juice, common 228 liters, concentration 12.5%.Squeezeding juice is heated to 80 ℃, adds Ca (OH)
2Solution is transferred pH to 8.5, the clarification back is extracted clear liquid out, the precipitation press filtration, filtrate is incorporated clear liquid into, adds sulfuric acid again and adjusts this clear liquid pH to 6.0～7.0, adds the acidic white earth of solid content 6% and 6% gac, handled 40 minutes down for 80 ℃, filtration obtains the destainer of concentration 10.0%, its specific conductivity 4500 μ s/cm, about 240 liters of volume, by positive resin D-001-negative resin IRA-96 ion exchange column, obtain about 230 liters of refining liquid glucose, its concentration 8.0%, specific conductivity 30～40 μ s/cm, 60～65 ℃ of following vacuum concentration, a part is concentrated into 30～35%, and the oral liquid product is made in bottling, and a part is concentrated into 70～75% back barrellings becomes the heavy syrup goods.Its sugared composition is as follows:
Disaccharides (sucrose): 8.20%
Trisaccharide (raffinose): 3.36%
Tetrose (stachyose): 88.44%.
Embodiment 6
As embodiment 5 described liquid glucoses after ion exchange column is refining, vacuum concentration to 24% is got 40 liters of spraying dryings, rotating speed 18000～22000r.p.m, 150～180 ℃ of inlet temperature, 80～90 ℃ of temperature outs, the powder 9.5kg of white, uniform particles, good fluidity, odorless, it is little sweet to distinguish the flavor of, after testing, water content is below 5%, stachyose content 87.82%.
Embodiment 7 is as embodiment 5 described liquid glucoses after ion exchange column is refining, and vacuum concentration to 50% is got 5.0 liters and carried out spraying drying, gets dry powder 2210 grams.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of stachyose goods are to be that raw material extracts refining forming with the betony.
2, stachyose goods as claimed in claim 1, oligomeric galactose wherein accounts for 60～90wt% of total sugar content, and it is stachyose more than 70%.
3, stachyose goods as claimed in claim 1, wherein said betony comprises Rhizome of Bear's-foot Fern, silver bar, snail dish, cutworm.
4, as claim 1,2 or 3 described stachyose goods, it comprises syrup, oral liquid or pressed powder formulation.
5, the production method of stachyose is characterized in that with the betony being raw material, and production method comprises:
(1) the squeezing raw material extracts and squeezes the juice;
(2) the above-mentioned disgorging of squeezing the juice of heating adds finings and clarifies, and collects supernatant liquor in the filtrate;
(3) gac of its solid content 4～10% of adding in above-mentioned clear liquid is heated to 60～80 ℃, decolours 30～60 minutes;
(4) liquid glucose after the decolouring passes through sun-anionite-exchange resin in regular turn, makes to go out post liquid glucose ultimate density 6～14% after ion-exchange, and specific conductivity is below 50 μ s/cm;
(5) the refining liquid glucose after above-mentioned ion-exchange is in 45～75 ℃ of vacuum concentration.
6, stachyose production method as claimed in claim 5 wherein, adopts through drying raw material, water logging bubble 4～12 hours that elder generation's adding raw material weight is 3～6 times or boiling 10～30 minutes, squeezing then.
7, stachyose production method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the finings of use comprises mineral acid, mineral alkali, the acidic white earth of the diatomite of the solid content of squeezing the juice 5～10% or the solid content 4～12% of squeezing the juice.
8, stachyose production method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described sun-anionite-exchange resin comprises polystyrene gel or macroporous ion exchange resin or medical or refine sugar resin dedicated.
9, stachyose production method as claimed in claim 5, it also comprises: the liquid glucose of vacuum concentration carries out spraying drying and makes powder-product.
10, the purposes of stachyose goods in protective foods and medicament preparation of claim 1 to 4.
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| CN100537583C (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2009-09-09 | 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院 | Dried rehmannia root oligosaccharide and its preparation method and uses |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3623974B2 (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 2005-02-23 | カルピス株式会社 | Oligosaccharide purification method |
| CN1130368C (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2003-12-10 | 济南三株药业有限公司 | Process for preparing stachyose and its products and application |
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