CN1296397A - 可重新吸收的销钉系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种生物重新吸收销钉系统,用于减少骨头碎片和将生物重新吸收膜固定到骨头上的,具体的,该系统具有一可拆除的手柄(2),在手柄(2)上有一预制孔(22),一细绳(40)穿入该孔以便于当手柄与销钉一旦分离后将手柄(2)取走。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及生物可重新吸收的销钉系统,它有利于减少骨头碎片以及用来固定与被引导骨的恢复过程相关的阻挡膜,特别是该销钉系统具有一可拆卸把手和在该把手上的一预制孔,便于在其拆离销钉后从销钉上移走。
相关技术的描述
现已知晓的多种用于骨头与膜的固定装置包括医用螺钉、销钉、固定器、线和定位钉。这些装置由多种成份组成并具有多种形状和多种表面结构。请参阅,授予奥乔亚等人的专利号为5716358美国专利“导向式骨头固定装置”(1998)。然而,金属植入的效果大多并不理想,因为它常伴随有骨刺与过敏反应,而且在骨头愈合后经常需要第二次手术用来拆除它们。因此,已开发出一些可重新吸收的产品以从解剖学角度减少因骨折造成的骨头碎片。
A.一种生物可重新吸收销钉
可重新吸收销钉和螺钉可采用多种成份包括聚二噁酮(polydioxanone)、聚乙交酯类而制成。这些成份将在几天至几星期内降解并失去强度。因而,它们的主要作用是快速愈合骨头断裂处。用于已破裂的肉体物质的重吸收固定装置,如授予戈戈列维奇等人的专利号为5236431的美国专利“用来快速处理肉体破裂物质的,韧度可控制的可重新吸收的固定装置及其介绍”(1993)已有描述。现有技术还有用于骨折处内部固定和用于骨与腱的连接的可重新吸收的自锁螺钉和钉板系统,比如,授予戈戈列维奇等人的专利号为5275601的美国专利“用于骨折处断骨的内部固定和骨与腱的连接的可重新吸收的自锁螺钉和钉板系统”(1994)。
最近,已开发出一种由70∶30聚合物(L,DL-乳酸酯)所构成的被称为聚合销钉(polypin)的销钉,它提高了降解性和强度特性用以减少造成缓慢愈合的断骨。如克莱尔斯等人的论文“用来减少骨头碎片的新型生物用可重吸收销钉:设计、机械性质以及在玻璃器皿中的降解”(《生物材料》,17(16):1621-1626(1996))。
该聚合销钉(polypin)是一圆柱形的塑模制产品,该圆柱形长度为35mm,直径为2mm。一直径为2.6mm小头部用以将微小压力作用于骨头碎片而将其定位。厚度为0.15mm的横贯凸脊为销钉提供一压入到骨头上预先钻好的孔中的挤压配合。使用时,如克莱斯等人在文献中所述,一直径约为0.8mm、长约2.6mm的位于销钉头部的钻孔填有X射线显示标志,藉此通过X射线检测到销钉的位置。
B.被引导骨的恢复
被引导骨的恢复是一种技术,它被用来便于,例如需要用到骨头再生或骨头替代品的掺入等的特定方法中的牙科植入。在牙科治疗中,被引导骨的恢复已成功地用以促进与牙齿或骨末端植入位置相关连的骨变形和有缺陷的骨整形。骨缺陷主要由牙周抽取位置、开裂处或牙膜孔以及局部牙凸脊变形所组成。骨缺陷还包括自然空间形成或者可以是非空间形成。非空间形成缺陷一般需要骨嫁接材料用以协助空间的维护以及改善骨头形状。请参阅梅洛尼格的“与植入相关的骨缺陷的被引导骨的恢复,一种有根据的结果评估法”,期刊《牙周凹痕的恢复》,15(2),168-85(1995);罗宾逊等人的专利号为5839899的美国专利“利用一引导组织恢复板支承和固定系统的颚骨生长的方法与装置”(1998);以及席耶斯等人的专利号为5511565的美国专利“在牙科手术或下颚手术期间或其后所用的被引导骨与组织的恢复方法与手段”(1996)。
如上所述的定位销钉应用于这样的被引导骨的恢复过程,使用或不用嫁接材料。例如,不锈钢骨头销钉用于局部凸脊增大处脱钙干冷骨的异种嫁接。请参阅多布林等人的“一局部凸脊增大处的组织进化,在人体内的应用DFDBA结合e-PTFE膜和不锈钢销钉”,(《牙周凹痕的恢复》),16(2):120-9(1996)。类似地,重新吸收销钉也用于多种口腔植入。请参阅赫泽勒尔等人的“围绕外露植入的引导式骨头恢复:一新型生物可重新吸收的装置和可重新吸收用膜销钉”(《实用牙周学和麻醉牙科学》),7(9),37-49(1995))。而且,销钉还应用于头盖骨手术,它还包括骨头的恢复。请参阅埃普雷的“在儿科头面部手术中,利用可重新吸收膜而实现被引导骨的恢复以及骨移植的固定的可能性”,期刊(《头面部手术》,8(2):127-128(1997))。
事实上,该可重新吸收销钉的用途之一是固定可自我重新吸收的阻挡膜。请参阅赫泽勒尔等人上述文章。这样的膜用于阻隔纤维结缔组织向内生长,由此促使骨细胞弥漫于与植入处邻接的区域。请参阅依卡达等人的专利号为5609881的美国专利,“生物降解/可吸收阻挡膜”(1997);以及皮埃特里的“e-PTFE膜的材料空隙内的骨头整形:一种人体微观和组织化学的研究”(《生物材料》17(17):1752-1731(1996))。
C.销钉的安装系统
现已存在多种系统用来安装用于多种矫正术和牙科的销钉。例如,拜塔克牌的运送系统有助于固定生物可重新吸收膜。销钉被捆扎好后安置于一无菌容器中,该容器专门设计了摩擦配合传动器,用来拾取销钉并将其传送到固定生物可重吸收隔片、以供被引导骨恢复的适当位置。
也已对持久型牙科专用销钉作了描述,它包含一能固定在牙齿中的更低部分及其一能确保牙齿的顺利恢复的增大的头部。例如菲尔霍的、专利号5263996的美国专利,“牙科销钉”(1993),如其图1所示,头部(3)籍由一可剪切的连接头(4)与用于将销钉插入牙齿所设的固定部分(5)相连。一定程度上类似于洛文思等人的专利号为4171569的美国专利“牙科销钉”(1979)附图1和附图2所示。在该系统中,手柄(4)包括断裂槽(3)和(7),将它们断开后,将销钉凸出部分留在牙齿外,以将上部结构固定于开挖的齿上。
然而,在本技术领域中已被忽略的是具有手柄、以便于人工插入构造合理的可重新吸收销钉,以及使用这种销钉以便于该销钉插入以固定骨头碎片和阻挡膜的相关技术,它可以不需要任何专门工具,同时也有利于在销钉插入骨头后可分式手柄部分的拆除。
发明概述
本发明目的是针对上述情况提供一生物可重新吸收销钉系统,用来减少骨头碎片并将生物可重新吸收膜固定到骨头上。本发明的一个目的是提供一种销钉系统,包括具有杆部和一直径大于杆部的头部的销钉部分以及一可拆卸的手柄部分,该手柄部分能够在靠近销钉头的地方被拆除。较佳地,该销钉系统包括一在手柄上预制好的孔,一旦手柄与销钉分离,可用细绳穿过该孔来方便地取出手柄。该生物可重新吸收销钉系统的手柄还较佳地包括一位于远离所述头部的把持部分,所述的把持部分应足够大以使使用者能用手夹持,而将销钉杆部插入骨头的孔中。
本发明的另一目的是提供一生物可重新吸收的销钉系统,籍由该系统可用手将销钉插入骨头上预钻好的孔中,而无需专门工具。本发明其余目的和优点将在以后的描述中被展开,一部分将在描述中被了解,或者在实施该发明时被认知。本发明的目的和优点将特别地通过所附权利要求所指出的部件及其结合来实现。
为达到本发明的目的与其应用目的相一致,如在这里所具体而广泛描述的那样,该发明包括一生物可重新吸收销钉系统,该系统包含单个细长的手柄部分和销钉部分,销钉部分具有一杆部和一头部,而且手柄具有一个直接与头部邻接并能够在靠近销钉头部的地方被分离的轴部。该生物可重新吸收销钉系统的手柄还可包括一增大的尾端部分或远离所述销钉头部的端部,并具有一预设孔或钻过端部的孔,用穿过该孔的细绳能在手柄与销钉体部分分离后方便地将手柄部分移走。
应该理解无论是先前的总体描述还是接下来的细节描述都只是示例和说明用的,而不是如权利要求书那样来限定本发明。这里所引用的参考资料和文献都用作引用参考。
附图的简要描述
附于说明书并作为说明书的一部分的本发明附图,图示说明了本发明一较佳实施例,并与描述结合来解释本发明的主要原理。
附图1是可重新吸收销钉系统的侧视图。
附图2是在将销钉插入到骨骼之后,将手柄移去之前的可重新吸收销钉系统的侧视图。
较佳实施例的描述
现在将注意力放到对本发明的较佳实施例的详细描述上,这是如附图中所示的一个例子。根据本发明,该生物可重新吸收销钉系统包括一销钉,该销钉具有头部与可固于骨孔中的杆部,以及一具有轴部和用于将销钉插入骨孔的端部或把持部分的手柄。
图1表示了就本发明的销钉系统(1)的一较佳实施例,它包括一细长的手柄部分(2)和销钉部分(4)。销钉部分(4)还包括一头部(6)和一杆部(8),较佳地,该杆部具有一可压缩凸脊(10)和一端点(12)。该凸脊(10)用于当销钉插入骨头上预钻的孔时,为销钉提供一挤压配合。除凸脊固定销钉外还可配合粘固粉或其它粘结剂可替代凸脊,或直接用粘固粉或其它粘结剂代替凸脊。
该系统的手柄部分(2)还包括一轴部(18),它具有一端部或一把持部分(20)。较佳地,端部(20)足够大以使用户能方便地用两手指夹持,从而允许用户将销钉部分(4)的端点(12)和杆部(8)穿过膜或碎骨以牢靠地进入骨上的预设孔中(如附图2所示)。整个轴部并非与端部同厚,轴的大部分更细。这便于当销钉部分插入后分离轴部。在所示实施例中,轴部和端部都是圆柱形的,在两圆柱部分间有一锥形的过渡段。当然,其它形状也适用,包括一扁平的头部(即其厚度与轴部直径相等,但宽度较大)。另外,该轴部被刻线或部分割穿,或制成其它形状,便于用指力掰断或截断轴部,从而可避免需要附加器械将手柄部分拆离销钉部分。
销钉头部(6)相对较扁平,其直径大于杆部(18)并具有一销钉侧面(14)和一手柄侧面(16)。销钉侧面(14)构成为用来支撑在所要固定于底层骨头的膜或碎骨上并向其提供压力。较佳地,头部凸出于膜或碎骨的表面之上的高度应尽可能小,以使之不影响周围组织。因此头部尺寸应定为在承受所需压力载荷时的最小厚度(在本实施例中,接近0.5mm)。由这种设计标准制成的头部与其为其它结构部分提供定位功能的如专利号为5263996的美国专利所述的牙科恢复的系统相反。销钉(4)的销钉侧面(14)能用来定位,比如将生物可重新吸收膜固定到骨头上或将一骨头碎片固定到底层骨头上。
使用时,可重新吸收销钉系统(1)的销钉部分(4)穿过生物重新吸收膜或碎骨片(30)上的孔或其它开口而插入到位于与待治疗的缺陷骨(未表示出)相邻的底层骨头(32)上的预钻孔(34)中。销钉(4)可籍由骨(32)和凸脊(10)之间的摩擦力而定位。也可以改用粘结剂或其它固定措施进一步将销钉(4)固定于孔中。若要使用粘结剂的话则等一段时间使粘结剂固化后,在靠近轴部(18)的末端(24)的头部(6)手柄侧面(16)处轴部(18)可被切断或截断。可用普通的侧边剪切钳或牙钻进行这样的剪切。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,该生物可重新吸收销钉系统还包括一在手柄(2)端部(20)的预设孔(22)。使用时,用一细绳,例如牙用绵丝或牙线在销钉部分穿过可重新吸收膜插入底层骨头前穿入预设孔(22)。如所描述的那样,手柄的轴部将在销钉头附近处用普通工具断开。此后,销钉系统的手柄部分将被收回,例如,通过收回与手柄部分相连的细绳而从病人的口中收回手柄。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,销钉部分和手柄部分被做成一体化装置,并由相同的聚合成份制成。如附图1所示,销钉的杆部大约长3mm,且销钉头部粗约0.5mm(沿销钉的轴心线测得)。手柄部分的轴部长约8mm,而手柄端部长约7mm。销钉的杆部直径大约为0.8mm,且杆部凸脊的直径约为1mm。销钉头部直径约为2mm,端部直径约为4mm,而端部与轴部的交汇处直径削锥至2mm。
本发明所述的生物可重新吸收销钉系统可以用本技术邻域中任何适于重新吸收的成份组合而成。然而,所用的配方应具足够的强度,以使销钉能压入预钻的孔中。较佳地配方是70∶30聚合(L,DL-乳酸酯)。或是其它的本技术领域中众所周知的生物可重新吸收的配方。
本技术领域的普通技术人员应很清楚,在不脱离本发明的范围与精神的前提下,在本发明销钉的几何特征与形状特征以及该可重新吸收销钉系统的结构方面可以有多种变化与修改。例如,杆部的长度与直径、头部的直径和厚度都可改变以适应不同的应用场合,比如待固定于底层骨头的的不同厚度的膜和碎骨片。凸脊的数量、外形、位置及尺寸可以改变,而且手柄可在销钉头的附近处刻线以从销钉上分离手柄。
通过请参阅说明书和实施其所揭示的发明,本技术领域的普通技术人员将进而了解本发明的其它实施例。因此说明书和例子只是示例性的,本发明的真正范围和实质精神由所附的权利要求书确定。
Claims (10)
1.一生物重新吸收销钉系统,它用来插入骨孔中以将重新吸收膜或骨碎片固定到骨头上,所述系统包括:
一销钉部分,它具有杆部和一比所述杆部直径更大的头部;以及
一手柄部分,它与所述头部相连并能在所述头部附近被分离。
2.如权利要求1所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述手柄部分包括一靠近所述头部的轴部和一远离所述头部的把持部分,所述把持部分应足够大以令使用者能用手把持并将销钉杆部插入骨孔内。
3.如权利要求2所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述手柄部分还包括一细绳可穿入的孔。
4.如权利要求3所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述孔是形成于所述把持部分上的。
5.如权利要求1所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述杆部包括通过摩擦配合于骨孔从而使销钉固定于骨头上的多个凸脊。
6.如权利要求1所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述销钉头部的尺寸大小制成使之与固定于底层骨头上的膜和骨碎片相平齐。
7.如权利要求1所述的可重新吸收销钉系统,其特征在于,所述手柄制成为用指力即可使其断开的形式。
8.一种将一生物可重吸收膜或碎骨片固定到底层骨头上的方法,它采用一个具有杆部和一头部以及一手柄的生物可重新吸收销钉,所述手柄一端带有一与销钉头部相连的细长轴部而另一端带有一把持部分,该方法包括以下骤:
将销钉杆部穿过膜和骨碎片插入到骨孔中;
将销钉杆部固定在骨头中;以及
将轴部从销钉头部处分离。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述手柄包括一穿绳孔,并且该方法还包括以下步骤:
将细绳固定于穿绳孔中;以及
在轴部从头部分离后,用细绳收回分离的轴部。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述销钉杆部固定在骨头中的步骤包括使销钉杆部的诸凸脊摩擦配合于所述孔中。
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US09/231,674 US6293950B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 | 1999-01-15 | Resorbable pin systems |
US09/231,674 | 1999-01-15 |
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CN1296397A true CN1296397A (zh) | 2001-05-23 |
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CN (1) | CN1296397A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR024530A1 (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2323563A1 (zh) |
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- 2000-01-14 CA CA002323563A patent/CA2323563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-14 AU AU29657/00A patent/AU757720B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-01-14 KR KR1020007010147A patent/KR20010041856A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-14 CN CN00800034A patent/CN1296397A/zh active Pending
- 2000-01-14 WO PCT/US2000/000809 patent/WO2000041636A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-17 AR ARP000100198A patent/AR024530A1/es unknown
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AU757720B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
CA2323563A1 (en) | 2000-07-20 |
KR20010041856A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
AR024530A1 (es) | 2002-10-16 |
US6293950B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
AU2965700A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
EP1063932A1 (en) | 2001-01-03 |
WO2000041636A1 (en) | 2000-07-20 |
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