CN1295805C - Asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1295805C CN1295805C CNB2005100852252A CN200510085225A CN1295805C CN 1295805 C CN1295805 C CN 1295805C CN B2005100852252 A CNB2005100852252 A CN B2005100852252A CN 200510085225 A CN200510085225 A CN 200510085225A CN 1295805 C CN1295805 C CN 1295805C
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- exchange membrane
- proton exchange
- flow passage
- membrane fuel
- pole plate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the fields of proton exchange membrane fuel batteries and is used for space navigation, submarines, electric automobiles, distributed type power stations and mobile devices. The existing flow bed with interlaced flow channels for proton exchange membrane fuel batteries adopts a symmetric design that an inlet flow channel and an outlet channel have the same width, so that the part of a porous medium electrode which corresponds to the outlet flow channel still has a low concentration region of reactants. As a result, the utilization ratio of electrode catalysts is reduced, and the performance under high current density is also influenced obviously. The present invention comprises a positioning pin hole (1), a group of outlet flow channels (2), a group of inlet flow channels (3) and a sealing groove (4) which are all arranged on a double-electrode plate (5). The present invention is characterized in that the width of each of the inlet flow channels (3) width is larger than that of each of the outlet flow channels (2). The present invention has the advantages that the discharge voltage of a fuel battery with the double-electrode plate is increased; under the same discharge voltage, the density of the maximum current provided by the fuel battery is obviously increased, and the density of the maximum output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel battery is also increased.
Description
Technical field
The asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells belongs to power technique fields.The application of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells comprises aerospace, submarine, electric automobile, distributed power station, mobile device, is the generating equipment of a new generation.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of device that constantly chemical energy of fuel and oxidant is directly changed into electric energy by chemical reaction.Dry cell on the conventional meaning or storage battery are a kind of storage devices of energy, and fuel cell has the difference on the fundamental significance with it.Fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), it has characteristics such as energy conversion efficiency height, environmental pollution is little, noise is low, flexibility is strong, more and more be subject to people's attention, can be used for small type mobile devices power supplys such as space flight, distributed power station, vehicles power source, portable set power supply and mobile phone etc.The application of fuel cell is for energy savings, protection environment, and it is significant to promote human social.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is done electrolyte with solid-state proton exchange membrane, mainly comprises three types at present: hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, methanol recapitalization fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell.
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell mainly partly is made of negative electrode, anode, proton exchange membrane, cathode plate, plate and external circuit etc.Pole plate is also sometimes referred to as current-collector, collector plate or current collector.In conduction current, pole plate still is the distributor of the required reactant of electrochemical reaction of fuel battery, a side that contacts with electrode at pole plate is processed with the fluidized bed of being made up of runner and is beneficial to the catalyst surface of reactant flow in electrode and participates in electrochemical reaction, in addition, a lot of product also are discharged from fuel cell through runner.
The fuel cell power source of actual motion is fuel cell pack often, and a battery pile is made up of several monocells, faces two shared pole plates of monocell mutually, and this moment, pole plate contacted with the electrode of the monocell of its both sides, and such pole plate is called as bipolar plates.The both sides of each bipolar plates all are processed with the fluidized bed that is made of runner.Bipolar plates is except the discharge that enters electrode and product for reactant provides the passage, also has the reactant of separation, collected current, with effects such as each monocell are together in series, is the important component part of battery pile.Bipolar plates and runner design thereof have very significant effects to the overall performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
Runner on the bipolar plates can be divided into: polytypes such as serpentine flow path, parallel fluid channels, interlaced flow passage.Wherein interlaced flow passage proposes at the hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in middle 1990s at first, is used for the cathode side of fuel cell more, and the fluid of inlet is a gas.The runner that directly communicates with the bipolar plates intake header is called as inlet channel, and the runner that directly communicates with the bipolar plate exit house steward is called as outlet flow.Inlet channel and outlet flow constitute fluidized bed jointly.Inlet channel and outlet flow are staggered and arrange that not communicating each other, (see accompanying drawing 1, wherein white portion is a runner on bipolar plates; Black part is divided into the ridge between runner, and it also is the contact portion of bipolar plates and porous media electrode), its purpose be to force in the inlet channel fluid by with the contacted porous media electrode of pole plate, enter adjacent outlet flow then.Compare with serpentine flow path and parallel fluid channels, interlaced flow passage can be strengthened reacting gas, and also can reduce negative electrode floods phenomenon to the mass transfer of Catalytic Layer from runner, improves fuel battery performance.
Although compare with serpentine flow path and parallel fluid channels, interlaced flow passage has above-mentioned advantage, but, inlet channel and the wide symmetric design (seeing accompanying drawing 1) of outlet flow are all adopted in the design of existing interlaced flow passage fluidized bed, such design makes the low concentration region that still has a reactant in the porous media electrode part corresponding with outlet flow, the area of low concentration region still accounts for suitable ratio in the battery effective area, thereby reduced the utilance of electrode catalyst, the performance of fuel cell when high current density also is subjected to appreciable impact.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to further strengthen, reduce or delay concentration polarization, significantly do not increase the pressure loss between the bipolar plates import and export simultaneously from the mass transfer of runner to Catalytic Layer by the design of asymmetrical interlaced flow passage.Make when fuel cell discharges with high current density (concentration polarization district), compare that the fuel cell electric discharge voltage of equipping bipolar plates of the present invention has raising comparatively significantly with the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of traditional interlaced flow passage; Under identical discharge voltage, the maximum current density that fuel battery energy provides significantly increases.Also make the peak power output density of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells be improved simultaneously.
The invention provides the asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of a proton exchanging film fuel battery, as shown in Figure 2, comprise dowel hole 1, the location of bipolar plates when dowel hole 1 is used for the fuel cell pack assembling; One group of outlet flow 2, one group of inlet channel 3, seal groove 4 are all processed on bipolar plates 5; Seal groove 4 is used to place sealing ring and leaks to prevent working fluid; One group of outlet flow 2 communicates with the outlet header of bipolar plates, and one group of inlet channel 3 communicates with the intake header of bipolar plates, it is characterized in that the width of inlet channel 3 is greater than the width of outlet flow 2.
Core of the present invention is runner section in bipolar plates to have adopted the inlet channel width, and (see accompanying drawing 3, white portion is a runner among the figure greater than the unsymmetric structure of outlet flow width; Black part is divided into the ridge between runner, and it also is the contact portion of bipolar plates and porous media electrode), the width of import and export runner is than between 1.5 to 2.5.
Experiment finds that the import and export width of flow path of asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention is bigger than more, and the power generation performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is just good more.But excessive import and export width of flow path is than the increase that can cause the excessive and processing cost of the pressure loss between the bipolar plates import and export.Inventor's theory and experimental study show, importing and exporting width of flow path is suitable than between 1.5 to 2.5, this moment is not only owing to strengthen and to make to the mass transfer of Catalytic Layer from runner and the cell power generation performance boost significantly not increase the pressure loss and processing cost between the bipolar plates import and export simultaneously.
Description of drawings
The symmetrical interlaced flow passage of Fig. 1 tradition
Fig. 2 asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention
The 1-dowel hole; The 2-outlet flow; The 3-inlet channel; The 4-seal groove; The 5-bipolar plates
Asymmetric interlaced flow passage on Fig. 3 bipolar plates of the present invention
The molar concentration of oxygen in the symmetrical interlaced flow passage of Fig. 4 tradition
The molar concentration of oxygen in the asymmetric interlaced flow passage of Fig. 5 bipolar plates of the present invention
The cell output voltage contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 1.5 o'clock) of Fig. 6 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
The cell output voltage contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 2.0 o'clock) of Fig. 7 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
The cell output voltage contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 2.5 o'clock) of Fig. 8 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
The battery output power density contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 1.5 o'clock) of Fig. 9 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
The battery output power density contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 2.0 o'clock) of Figure 10 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
The battery output power density contrast (import and export width of flow path ratio is 2.5 o'clock) of Figure 11 the present invention and traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate
Embodiment
The processing mode of the asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention's design is identical with the processing mode of traditional interlaced flow passage double pole plate, does not need special processing equipment.This novel interlaced flow passage double pole plate can adopt on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of various sizes.
Theory analysis has been carried out in inventor the oxygen in runner and the porous media electrode (one of reactant of fuel cell) molar concentration is distributed.Accompanying drawing 4 is the result of calculation when adopting traditional symmetrical interlaced flow passage, result of calculation during the asymmetric interlaced flow passage of employing bipolar plates of the present invention during accompanying drawing 5 (import and export width of flow path ratio is 1.9), therefrom as seen, the oxygen molar concentration has reduced 44% less than 0.02 zone when adopting traditional symmetrical interlaced flow passage in the electrode.This shows, the inlet channel width of the present invention's design can significantly dwindle reactant low concentration region in the porous medium layer greater than the unsymmetric structure of outlet flow width scope, improve the mean concentration of the reactant that arrives Catalytic Layer (right margin of porous media in the accompanying drawing 4,5), improve the utilance of catalyst, delay the generation of fuel cell concentration polarization, thereby fuel battery performance is further enhanced.
The inventor has also carried out a series of experimental study.
The performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of traditional symmetrical structure interlaced flow passage double pole plate has at first been tested in experiment, and as the contrast benchmark.Under identical operating mode, the performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of equipping asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention has been carried out experimental study.Experimental result shows, when import and export width of flow path ratio was respectively 1.5,2.0,2.5, the current density ratio of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells when output voltage is 0.2V of equipping asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention was equipped with the current density (1089mA/cm of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of traditional symmetrical interlaced flow passage double pole plate
2) improved 12%, 26%, 31% respectively.Experimental result shows, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of equipping asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention with comparing of traditional symmetrical structure interlaced flow passage double pole plate is housed, when Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells discharges with high current density, its fuel cell electric discharge voltage has raising comparatively significantly, simultaneously, under its identical discharge voltage, the maximum current density that fuel battery energy provides significantly increases (seeing accompanying drawing 6, accompanying drawing 7, accompanying drawing 8).
Experimental study by the inventor is also found, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with traditional symmetrical structure interlaced flow passage double pole plate is the contrast benchmark, when import and export width of flow path ratio is respectively 1.5,2.0,2.5, equip the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of the present invention, its peak power output density is than the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (437.08mW/cm that traditional symmetrical structure interlaced flow passage double pole plate is housed
2) improved 3%, 12%, 13% (seeing accompanying drawing 9, accompanying drawing 10, accompanying drawing 11) respectively.
Claims (1)
1, the asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of a proton exchanging film fuel battery comprises dowel hole (1), the location of bipolar plates when dowel hole (1) is used for the fuel cell pack assembling; One group of outlet flow (2), one group of inlet channel (3), seal groove (4) are all processed on bipolar plates (5); Seal groove (4) is used to place sealing ring and leaks to prevent working fluid; One group of outlet flow (2) communicates with the outlet header of bipolar plates, and one group of inlet channel (3) communicates with the intake header of bipolar plates, it is characterized in that, the width of inlet channel (3) and outlet flow (2) is than between 1.5 to 2.5.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100852252A CN1295805C (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2005-07-22 | Asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CNB2005100852252A CN1295805C (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2005-07-22 | Asymmetric interlaced flow passage double pole plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN1702897A CN1702897A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
| CN1295805C true CN1295805C (en) | 2007-01-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109768299A (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2019-05-17 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of waterwheel shape fuel cell flow field board suitable for gas electrode |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102290591B (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2014-03-26 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Redox flow cell, redox flow cell stack and redox flow cell system |
| CN104466210B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-01-11 | 北京工业大学 | Fuel cell interior humidity-current density distribution measurement male tab |
| CN109244502B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2024-10-18 | 苏州朔景动力新能源有限公司 | Bipolar plate and preparation process thereof, single-cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN111613809A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-01 | 上海理工大学 | Bionic proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure based on human rib derivatization |
| CN112234223B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-02-15 | 温州大学 | Bipolar plate of three-dimensional shrinkage hole flow field of fuel cell for spaceflight and preparation method |
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| US4615955A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-10-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| US5521018A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1996-05-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
| JP2003020278A (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-24 | Unitika Ltd | Carbonaceous thin plate |
| CN1405909A (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-03-26 | 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 | Fuel battery bipolar plate |
| CN1564351A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-01-12 | 上海交通大学 | Cathode direct stagged-positive electrode parallel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN1591941A (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell composite material double polar plate and its making method |
| CN1635653A (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A novel middle-temperature solid oxide fuel cell bipolar plate and application thereof |
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2005
- 2005-07-22 CN CNB2005100852252A patent/CN1295805C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4615955A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-10-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| US5521018A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1996-05-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Embossed fluid flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells |
| JP2003020278A (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-24 | Unitika Ltd | Carbonaceous thin plate |
| CN1405909A (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-03-26 | 亚太燃料电池科技股份有限公司 | Fuel battery bipolar plate |
| CN1591941A (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell composite material double polar plate and its making method |
| CN1635653A (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A novel middle-temperature solid oxide fuel cell bipolar plate and application thereof |
| CN1564351A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-01-12 | 上海交通大学 | Cathode direct stagged-positive electrode parallel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109768299A (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2019-05-17 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of waterwheel shape fuel cell flow field board suitable for gas electrode |
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