CN1293960C - Heat keeping and forging and blank cogging method for GH742 alloy large steel ingot - Google Patents
Heat keeping and forging and blank cogging method for GH742 alloy large steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN1293960C CN1293960C CNB2005100242073A CN200510024207A CN1293960C CN 1293960 C CN1293960 C CN 1293960C CN B2005100242073 A CNB2005100242073 A CN B2005100242073A CN 200510024207 A CN200510024207 A CN 200510024207A CN 1293960 C CN1293960 C CN 1293960C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a heat preservation hammer cog method of a GH742 alloy big steel ingot, which is characterized in that high temperature adhesive is glass powder sold in a city with a softening point more than 800 DEG C, and heat preserving materials are heat preserving asbestos felt of aluminum silicate fibre sold in the city; when the steel ingot is coated, and heat is preserved, the glass powder is firstly sprinkled on the heat preserving asbestos felt and are gossypine heat preserving asbestos; after the steel ingot heated at the low temperature of 900 DEG C is discharged from a furnace, the gossypine heat preserving asbestos is directly coated at the surface of the steel ingot; the gossypine heat preserving asbestos preserves heat for 5 to 6 hours at normal high-temperature heating temperature; the steel ingot after high temperature heating (along with the gossypine heat preserving asbestos) is cogged, hammering time is>/=5 min, pressing volume is 30mm, and deformation volume is>/=50%; the performance test of cogged and formed alloy blank is conducted. The present invention has the advantages of convenient production and organization, strong operability, good product quality, high productive efficiency, low cost and remarkable economical and social benefits, a problem that big ingot mold (> phi 350mm) GH742 alloy can not be processed by heat, cogged, and formed is effectively resolved, and the deformation volume of the produced alloy blank is big.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hot-working cogging method of metallurgy industry high temperature alloy, refer in particular to the hammer cogging method of difficult wrought superalloy.
Background technology
High temperature alloy is the necessary important meals material of modern aeroengine, rocket engine.It can bear big stress and long-term the use under high temperature (referring generally to 600～900 ℃), oxidizing atmosphere and exhaust gas corrosion condition.Because the alloying level of high temperature alloy is all very high, so the hot-working cogging is very difficult.Alloying level can tentatively be determined the thermo forming performance of high temperature alloy: the relatively low high temperature alloy resistance of deformation of alloying level is also low, and plastic deformation is better, than being easier to thermal processing distortion; And the high high temperature alloy of alloying level, the hot processing temperature scope is narrow, and resistance of deformation is big, and plastic deformation is relatively poor, and hot-working cogging moulding is very difficult.Generally speaking, the hot processing temperature scope is narrow, and the high temperature alloy that hammer cogging is very difficult is referred to as awkward wrought superalloy.
At present, the hot-working cogging method of domestic and international difficult wrought superalloy has three kinds: extruder cogging, forging press forge, the hot-rolling mill pack rolling.The extruder cogging makes steel ingot be in the three-dimensional compressive stress state, can give full play to the plasticity of alloy under deformation temperature, the hot-working cogging is relatively easy, but need large-tonnage quick extrusion press equipment (more than 8000 tons), and domesticly still do not have this kind extrusion equipment, so this method is common in external steel mill; The hot-rolling mill pack rolling, earlier steel ingot is inserted in the metal tube of size coupling (as the pure iron pipe, can slow down the cooling velocity of steel ingot, the thermal processing distortion time that postpones steel ingot) heating together in, utilize hot-rolling mill with steel ingot, metal tube hot-working rolling-cogging then, but because the resistance of deformation of difficult wrought superalloy is very big, when hot-working is rolling, (steel ingot diameter＞350mm) damages Equipment in Rolling Mill to large steel ingot easily, so this method is only applicable to little steel ingot (steel ingot diameter＜250mm).Therefore, the hot-working cogging of difficult wrought superalloy large steel ingot (the big ingot shape of diameter＞350mm), the cogging method (steel ingot is in one-way compressive stress, two states to tension) that domestic iron company can only adopt forging press to forge.
(turbine disk is the turbogenerator key member to be mainly used in the manufacturing aero-engine turbine disk, type shape complexity, stressed big, the serviceability temperature height, condition of work is abominable, therefore very high to material requirements, require material to have enough heat resistances, good comprehensive performances and high as far as possible high-temperature oxidation resistance), compressor disc, axle, the GH742 high temperature alloy of securing member and other parts (the particularly heap of the key in high performance airplane engine and medium-long range cruise missile power set parts), be a kind of modern turbine disk material of high-alloying, belong to generally acknowledged a kind of difficult wrought superalloy.The alloying level of GH742 is higher, and (have higher Al, Ti, Nb, Mo content, ageing strengthening element al, Ti, Nb sum are greater than 7.8%, and solution strengthening elements Mo content is higher, and adopt Co and La to replenish and strengthen; Form complicated Ni-Cr-Co solid solution in the alloy structure and up to 35% Ni
3Ti, Ni
3Al, Ni
3Nb type γ ' hardening constituent), thereby have very high heat resistance and a good comprehensive performances, but hot-workability poor-performing, the hot processing temperature scope is narrow (on the one hand, when alloy temperature≤1120 ℃, along with the rising of temperature, resistance of deformation sharply descends, when alloy temperature 〉=1120 ℃, along with the rising of temperature, the resistance of deformation decrease speed is slow, along with the rising of temperature, the plasticity of alloy increases, and about 1140 ℃, reach maximum 115%, and the plasticity with the rising alloy of temperature sharply descends then, and alloy can't carry out thermal processing distortion when temperature is lower than 1050 ℃, so the best deformation temperature of alloy is 1050～1140 ℃, scope has only 90 ℃; On the other hand, ingot casting is opened forging from coming out of the stove to generally speaking, and the surface of steel ingot temperature descends and is about 70～90 ℃; So GH742 alloy cast ingot heating-up temperature is defined as 1140 ± 10 ℃, final forging temperature is 〉=1050 ℃.), therefore, the operability of GH742 alloy hot-working forging and pressing cogging is difficulty quite.Forging and pressing are during cogging, if do not take necessary insulation measure, are difficult to obtain the qualified blank of no remarkable crackle in surface and structure property (deflection 〉=50% that a fire of alloy cast ingot forges o'clock, the as-cast structure of the effective broken steel ingot of ability in theory.And in the production practices, if do not take suitable insulation measure, then the actual temperature of steel ingot forging just is about about 1050～1070 ℃, forge in this case, the face crack of steel ingot is difficult to avoid, and the crack growth rate of difficult wrought superalloy is very fast, can't carry out large deformation and forge, can only adopt the forging production of many fire, small deformation amount, cause the as-cast structure of steel ingot can not obtain effective fragmentation.)。
At present, be used for the common insulation measure of GH742 alloy hot-working forging and pressing cogging, more feasible is the jacket technology, forging press canned forging just, earlier steel ingot is inserted in the metal tube of size coupling (as the pure iron pipe, can slow down the cooling velocity of steel ingot, the thermal processing distortion time that postpones steel ingot) heating together in, utilize forging press then, many fire are inferior (during forging deformation, less for the maximum distortion degree of its permission of less-deformable alloy, and plastic deformation temperatures is very narrow, the hot-working time is very short, so need many fire to forge) with steel ingot, metal tube hot-working forging and pressing cogging, weak point is: in many fire time forging and pressing cogging process, prepare the different pure iron pipe jacket of size, steel ingot (or forging stock) is carried out jacket handle, complex process, the production time is longer, cost is higher, and the shape of alloy preform also is restricted (comparatively speaking, circular alloy preform ratio is easier to, and square alloy preform is difficulty relatively).
In sum, the hot-working cogging of large steel ingot (the steel ingot diameter is greater than 350mm) is (with regard to the domestic technique equipment condition, be exactly hot-working forging and pressing coggings) be the production difficult point of GH742 alloy always, had a strong impact on the production domesticization (at present domestic) of China's aero-engine turbine disk material still less than its big ingot success hammer cogging, the report that die forging is used.
Summary of the invention
The present invention develops a kind of insulation hammer cogging method of GH742 alloy large steel ingot, be characterized in: utilize specific binding agent with specific non-metallic insulation material be wrapped in alloy cast ingot the surface (reduced ingot casting come out of the stove shift and forging process because convection current, the thermal loss that effect such as radiation and conduction produces), slowed down the temperature drop speed of alloy cast ingot (steel ingot) greatly, not only can increase the plastic deformation time of hot-working hammer cogging moulding, the steel ingot deflection that one fire is forged satisfies the specification requirement greater than 50%, reaches the purpose that the insulation of GH742 alloy cast ingot is forged.Successfully developed the market of GH742 high temperature alloy heavy forging.
The insulation hammer cogging method of GH742 alloy large steel ingot provided by the invention is characterized in that: the first, select specific binding agent and specific non-metallic insulation material, and the insulation that is used for the GH742 alloy large steel ingot coats; Second, utilize specific binding agent, with specific non-metallic insulation material bonding, be wrapped in alloy cast ingot (alloy cast ingot is the alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction furnace smelting and the consumable remelting) surface after the low-temperature heat (heating-up temperature should make high-temperature agglomerant have good Pasting); The 3rd, the alloy cast ingot of parcel non-metallic insulation material is put into heating furnace, high temperature heating (conventional steel ingot heating-up temperature); After the high temperature heating, alloy cast ingot is come out of the stove and is transferred to forging press; The 4th, together with the alloy cast ingot of non-metallic insulation material, on forging press, carry out the hot-working hammer cogging; At last, split the alloy blank of blank molding, technological requirement routinely, car light, flaw detection, structure property test.
The first, select specific binding agent and specific non-metallic insulation material:
Specific binding agent is a high-temperature agglomerant, can adopt the commercially available glass dust (when it is heated to more than 800 ℃, be higher than its softening point, high-temperature agglomerant becomes molten condition, has good stickup effect) of softening point temperature more than 800 ℃;
Non-metallic insulation material is the insulation asbestos, can adopt the commercially available insulation asbestos mat (it at high temperature has good heat preservation effect, powder phenomenon-tion can not take place) of alumina silicate fibre, and alumina silicate fibre is with Al
2O
3And SiO
2For the manmade inorganic fibre of main component, high temperature resistant, unit weight is low, and its fibrous elasticity under hot conditions is good simultaneously.
The second, utilize specific binding agent, with specific non-metallic insulation material bonding, be wrapped in the alloy cast ingot surface after the low-temperature heat:
Earlier glass dust (specific binding agent) is sprinkled upon on the insulation asbestos mat (specific non-metallic insulation material), makes the insulation asbestos be flocculence;
The alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction furnace smelting and consumable remelting (steel ingot) after the low-temperature heat (heating-up temperature should make high-temperature agglomerant have good Pasting) of 800～1000 ℃ of temperature, goes out heating furnace;
Discharging car is placed on the cylinder steel ingot on the insulation asbestos mat that spills glass dust; 800～1000 ℃ surface, the steel ingot face of cylinder is pasted, is wrapped in to the insulation asbestos mat that scribbles the glass dust high-temperature agglomerant (at this moment because the glass dust on the insulation asbestos mat is met heat fusing, just at high temperature softening fully, good stickup performance after the one-tenth molten condition sticks on the surface of steel ingot that is heated to uniform temperature with the insulation asbestos mat); The steel ingot that paste on the surface, parcel is incubated asbestos mat is continued to heat into stove.
The 3rd, the alloy cast ingot of parcel non-metallic insulation material is put into heating furnace, carry out the high temperature heating, 1160～1180 ℃ of steel ingot heating-up temperatures (common process carries out), temperature retention time 5～6 hours (conventional temperature retention time 3～4 hours);
After the high temperature heating, alloy cast ingot is come out of the stove and is transferred to the forging press forging (because the insulation asbestos are in light weight, after the glass dust of benefit fusion sticks on surface of steel ingot, can be because of the gravity effect, obscission appears in the coming out of the stove of steel ingot or blank, transfer process, steel ingot surperficial temperature drop in transfer process shifts the steel ingot temperature drop than conventional steel ingot and lacks 50～70 ℃ less than 20 ℃);
The 4th, alloy cast ingot with parcel insulation asbestos mat, on forging press, carry out the hot-working hammer cogging: in (because the effect of insulation material of 1050～1120 ℃ temperature ranges, reduced that steel ingot contacts with the press tup and the thermal loss that causes, the temperature drop of steel ingot in forging process is slow, makes steel ingot rest on 1050～1120 ℃ of the temperature ranges in high-ductility district for a long time; Simultaneously, because the cementation of melten glass powder, the insulation asbestos mat of compacted in the forging process, compacting tightly be attached to surface of steel ingot, can not come off) along with the steel ingot distortion, the surface of steel ingot temperature drop is slow, forging time reaches 5min above (originally only about 2.5min), press repeatedly back and forth forges, each drafts remains on 25～35mm, one fiery deflection makes the as-cast structure of ingot casting obtain good fragmentation greater than 50%, and its field trash is also by original skeleton shape (Fig. 2), be broken into graininess (Fig. 1), obtain the good forging stock of structure property.
The 5th, split the alloy blank of blank molding, technological requirement routinely, car light, flaw detection, structure property test.
Compare with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1. utilize insulation asbestos mat thermal conductivity factor little, high insulating effect, unit weight is low, lightweight advantage, utilize glass dust at high temperature softening fully simultaneously, become good stickup performance after the molten condition, the two advantages is got up to reach the purpose of 800～1000 ℃ hot steel ingot insulation;
2. equipment highly versatile, cost is low;
3. the hot-working cogging technics is workable;
4. the deflection of a fiery hammer cogging is big, the alloy mass height;
5. the production efficiency height can the batch cogging be produced the difficult wrought superalloy of big ingot shape GH742.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a GH742 alloy forging stock tissue particles shape field trash of implementing hammer cogging of the present invention
Fig. 2 is that the GH742 alloy cast ingot that is used for hammer cogging moulding of the present invention is organized skeleton shape field trash
Fig. 3 is GH742 alloy hot-working stretching plastic figure
Specific embodiments
Certain iron company implements patent of the present invention, vacuum consumable remelting ingot casting (ingot casting size: φ 165～φ 600 with many stoves GH742 high temperature alloy, with φ 508mm is example) on forging press (4000 tons, hydraulic pressure), carry out the hot-working hammer cogging, forging goes out alloy blank (trimmed size φ 360mm, φ 200mm, the φ 130mm of trimmed size, with φ 360mm is example): first, select specific binding agent and specific non-metallic insulation material, the insulation that is used for the GH742 alloy large steel ingot coats; Specific binding agent is a high-temperature agglomerant, can adopt the commercially available glass dust of softening point temperature more than 800 ℃, and non-metallic insulation material is the insulation asbestos, can adopt the commercially available insulation asbestos mat of alumina silicate fibre; The second, utilize specific binding agent, with specific non-metallic insulation material bonding, be wrapped in the alloy cast ingot surface after the low-temperature heat; Earlier glass dust (specific binding agent) is sprinkled upon on the insulation asbestos mat (specific non-metallic insulation material), makes the insulation asbestos be flocculence; The alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction furnace smelting and consumable remelting (steel ingot) after the low-temperature heat of 800～1000 ℃ of temperature, goes out heating furnace; Discharging car is placed on the cylinder steel ingot on the insulation asbestos mat that spills glass dust; The insulation asbestos mat that scribbles the glass dust high-temperature agglomerant pasted, is wrapped in 800～1000 ℃ surface, the steel ingot face of cylinder; The steel ingot that paste on the surface, parcel is incubated asbestos mat is continued to heat into stove; The 3rd, the alloy cast ingot of parcel non-metallic insulation material is put into heating furnace, carry out the high temperature heating, 1160～1180 ℃ of steel ingot heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time 5～6 hours; After the high temperature heating, alloy cast ingot is come out of the stove and is transferred to forging press, steel ingot in transfer process surperficial temperature drop less than 20 ℃; The 4th, alloy cast ingot together with non-metallic insulation material, on forging press, carry out the hot-working hammer cogging: 1050～1120 ℃ temperature range, the surface of steel ingot temperature drop is slow, and forging time reaches more than the 5min, and press repeatedly back and forth forges, each drafts remains on 30～35mm, one fiery deflection makes the as-cast structure of ingot casting obtain good fragmentation greater than 55%, obtains the good forging stock of structure property; At last, split the alloy blank of blank molding, technological requirement routinely, car light, flaw detection, structure property test.
Implement the present invention, carry out the insulation hammer cogging of GH742 alloy large steel ingot, have the advantages that heat processing technique is reasonable, organization of production convenient, the scene is workable, equip highly versatile, efficiently solve the technical barrier that big ingot shape (＞φ 350mm) GH742 alloy can't hot-working cogging moulding, the deflection of the alloy blank one fiery hammer cogging of producing is big, product quality height (the every index first-time qualification rate of structure property is 100%), the production efficiency height, economic benefit and social benefit (being the major technological breakthrough of domestic GH742 alloy production) are remarkable.
Claims (1)
1, the insulation hammer cogging method of GH742 alloy large steel ingot is characterized in that: the first, select specific binding agent and specific non-metallic insulation material, and the insulation that is used for the GH742 alloy large steel ingot coats; The second, utilize specific binding agent, with specific non-metallic insulation material bonding, be wrapped in the alloy cast ingot surface after the low-temperature heat; The 3rd, the alloy cast ingot of parcel non-metallic insulation material is put into heating furnace, the conventional heating of high temperature; After the high temperature heating, alloy cast ingot is come out of the stove and is transferred to forging press; The 4th, together with the alloy cast ingot of non-metallic insulation material, on forging press, carry out the hot-working hammer cogging; At last, the alloy blank of splitting blank molding carries out performance test;
The first, select specific binding agent and specific non-metallic insulation material: specific binding agent is a high-temperature agglomerant, can adopt the commercially available glass dust of softening point temperature more than 800 ℃; Non-metallic insulation material is the insulation asbestos, can adopt the commercially available insulation asbestos mat of alumina silicate fibre, and alumina silicate fibre is with Al
2O
3And SiO
2For the manmade inorganic fibre of main component, high temperature resistant, unit weight is low, and its fibrous elasticity under hot conditions is good simultaneously;
The second, utilize specific binding agent, with specific non-metallic insulation material bonding, be wrapped in the alloy cast ingot surface after the low-temperature heat:
Glass dust is sprinkled upon on the insulation asbestos mat earlier, makes the insulation asbestos be flocculence;
The alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction furnace smelting and consumable remelting after the low-temperature heat of 800～1000 ℃ of temperature, goes out heating furnace;
Discharging car is placed on the cylinder steel ingot on the insulation asbestos mat that spills glass dust; The insulation asbestos mat that scribbles the glass dust high-temperature agglomerant pasted, is wrapped in 800～1000 ℃ surface, the steel ingot face of cylinder; The alloy cast ingot that paste on the surface, parcel is incubated asbestos mat is continued to heat into stove;
The 3rd, the alloy cast ingot of parcel non-metallic insulation material is put into heating furnace, carry out the high temperature heating, the steel ingot heating-up temperature is 1160～1180 ℃ of common process, temperature retention time 5～6 hours; After the high temperature heating, alloy cast ingot is come out of the stove and is transferred to the forging press forging;
The 4th, alloy cast ingot with parcel insulation asbestos mat, carry out the hot-working hammer cogging on forging press: 1050～1120 ℃ temperature range, the surface of steel ingot temperature drop is slow, and forging time reaches more than the 5min, press repeatedly back and forth forges, each drafts remains on 25～35mm, and a fiery deflection makes the as-cast structure of ingot casting obtain good fragmentation greater than 50%, its field trash also is broken into graininess by original skeleton shape, obtains the good forging stock of structure property;
The 5th, split the alloy blank of blank molding, technological requirement routinely, car light, flaw detection, structure property test.
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