CN1293366C - Hall position sensor - Google Patents
Hall position sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1293366C CN1293366C CNB031158765A CN03115876A CN1293366C CN 1293366 C CN1293366 C CN 1293366C CN B031158765 A CNB031158765 A CN B031158765A CN 03115876 A CN03115876 A CN 03115876A CN 1293366 C CN1293366 C CN 1293366C
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- permanent magnet
- hall element
- hall
- output voltage
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Abstract
The present invention provides a Hall position sensor which comprises a permanent magnet and a Hall element, wherein the output voltage of the Hall element is changed along with the change of the relative position of the permanent magnet; the relative position has the change mode that the area of the overlapped part of the relative surfaces of the permanent magnet and the Hall element and/or the length of air gaps on the overlapped part are changed along with the relative movement of the permanent magnet and the Hall element. In the Hall position sensor of the present invention, the change of the output voltage of the Hall element is relative to the change of the overlapped area and the change of the shape of the air gaps, and thereby, the change of the relative position can be shown by the shape of the air gaps when the change of the relative position can not be shown by the overlapped area, and the range of the change of the relative position can be expanded. The relative relation of the required relative position and the output voltage of the Hall element can be obtained by designing the proper combination relation of the shape of the air gaps, the overlapped area and the output voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnetoelectric sensor, particularly a kind of hall position sensor that is used to measure micrometric displacement.
Background technology
Displacement or position transducer are the important pedestal sensors of a class, comprise multiple sensors such as potentiometer formula, inductance type, condenser type, electric vortex type and Hall-type.The inertia of Hall displacement or position transducer is little, frequency response is high, reliable operation, life-span are long, therefore be a kind of displacement commonly used or position transducer, its basic functional principle is to keep the exciting current of Hall element constant, and make between Hall element and the permanent magnet and do relative motion, then there is certain corresponding relation in the Hall voltage of the relative position of displacement of being moved or Hall element and permanent magnet and output, thus, can determine relative displacement or position according to the Hall voltage of output.
Fig. 1 a shows a kind of hall position sensor according to prior art, it comprises the permanent magnet 1 that produces magnetic field and as the Hall element 2 of magnetosensitive parts, wherein, permanent magnet 1 is installed on the workpiece of motion, and the output voltage of Hall element 2 is directly proportional with the magnetic line of force quantity of passing Hall element 2 or total track number that permanent magnet 1 produces.As shown in Figure 1, permanent magnet 1 is plane and parallel to each other with Hall element 2 facing surfaces, therefore when permanent magnet 1 when the direction X that is parallel to Hall element 2 surfaces moves, the output voltage of Hall element 2 changes according to following formula:
Wherein, V (x) is the voltage output of Hall element, and x is permanent magnet 1 residing position on directions X; K is the intrinsic constant of Hall element, the location independent of itself and permanent magnet 1; S be permanent magnet 1 with Hall element 2 apparent surfaces' overlapping area or perhaps permanent magnet 1 in Hall element 2 lip-deep projected areas, it is relevant with permanent magnet 1 residing position linearity on directions X; B is the magnetic field intensity of magnetic field on Hall element 2 of permanent magnet 1 generation, because permanent magnet 1 is nearer with Hall element 2, can think that therefore magnetic field intensity B is a uniformity apart in permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 overlapping area scopes; D is the spacing (the following gas length that is called again) between permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 apparent surfaces, because permanent magnet 1 is plane and parallel to each other with Hall element 2 facing surfaces, add permanent magnet 1 and move, so that lap gas length D everywhere remains is constant and equal along the direction that is parallel to Hall element 2 surfaces.
Fig. 1 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in the above-mentioned this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x).Shown in Fig. 1 b, when the surperficial right side edge surface in alignment of permanent magnet 1 surperficial left side edge and Hall element 2, their overlapping area is 0, so output voltage V (x) is 0, and position x value in Fig. 1 b of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 is 0.Along with permanent magnet 1 along continuous straight runs is moved to the left (being direction X shown in the arrow among Fig. 1 a), permanent magnet 1 increases gradually with the overlapping area of Hall element 2, then shows as output voltage V (x) linear increase along with the increase of relative position x value in Fig. 1 b.Complete when overlapping when permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2, the position was at a distance of the position of W when permanent magnet 1 was in beginning, and W is the width of Hall element 2 here, this moment the overlapping area maximum, correspondingly, output voltage V (x) is also maximum.Be moved to the left along with permanent magnet 1 continues along continuous straight runs, permanent magnet 1 reduces gradually with the overlapping area of Hall element 2, and linearity reduces along with the increase of relative position x value then to show as output voltage V (x) in Fig. 1 b.When the surperficial left side edge surface in alignment of permanent magnet 1 surperficial right side edge and Hall element 2, the position was at a distance of the position of 2W when permanent magnet 1 was in beginning, and this moment, overlapping area became 0 again, and correspondingly, output voltage V (x) also is 0.
In order to obtain the relation between 1 relative position x of permanent magnet shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1 b and Hall element 2 output voltage V (x), must suppose that the width L of permanent magnet 1 equates with the width W of Hall element 2.If the width L of permanent magnet 1 is greater than or less than the width W of Hall element 2, then when permanent magnet 1 be in the starting position behind the position x of W, because overlapping area can not reduce with the further increase of x at once, therefore in a fragment position scope subsequently, output voltage V (x) will keep maximal value constant (triangle among Fig. 1 b will become trapezoidal at this moment), thereby cause permanent magnet 1 position of this segment limit to determine.This shows that the position probing scope of this hall position sensor is determined by the width W of Hall element basically.Generally, the width of Hall element is narrower, and therefore the sensing range of the hall position sensor of this structure is subjected to bigger restriction.
In addition, in the hall position sensor of this structure, the output voltage V (x) of the relative position x of permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 is linear dependences, (position transducer that for example is used for sewing machine pedal or accelerator pedal of automobile) but in some applications, being nonlinear relationship between the output voltage V (x) of the relative position x of permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 may be better, for this reason, also must increase a transfer process, the linear output valve of Hall voltage is converted to other numerical value, thereby realize the nonlinear relationship of output voltage and relative position, this has increased the processing burden and the complexity of application system, and is unfavorable for reducing the cost of system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of hall position sensor, it not only has wideer position probing scope, and can be as required, makes between the position of the relative Hall element of permanent magnet and the hall element output voltage to have various corresponding relations.
Goal of the invention of the present invention realizes by following technical proposal:
A kind of hall position sensor, it comprises permanent magnet and Hall element, and the output voltage of Hall element changes with the variation of itself and permanent magnet relative position, the variation pattern of described relative position is, gas length is everywhere changed with the relative motion between permanent magnet and the Hall element.
Reasonable is that in above-mentioned hall position sensor, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are non-parallel face, and the direction of motion of permanent magnet is parallel to the Hall element surface.Be more preferably, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are the inclined-plane.Perhaps, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are curved surface.Perhaps, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are the folding face.
Reasonablely be, in above-mentioned hall position sensor, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are parallel surface, and the direction of motion of permanent magnet and Hall element air spots are capable.
Reasonablely be, in above-mentioned hall position sensor, permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are non-parallel face, and the direction of motion of permanent magnet and Hall element air spots are capable.
Reasonable is that in above-mentioned hall position sensor, Hall element and permanent magnet facing surfaces are on-plane surface.
Therefore, in hall position sensor of the present invention, the variation of hall element output voltage is not only relevant with the variation of overlapping area, but also it is relevant with the variation of air gap shape (being the space distribution of lap gas length), therefore when overlapping area can't characterize the relative position variation, still can characterize, can expand the variation range of relative position thus by air gap shape.In addition, by design air gap shape, overlapping area and the suitable syntagmatic of output voltage three, can obtain required relative position and the corresponding relation between the hall element output voltage.
Description of drawings
By below in conjunction with the description of accompanying drawing to preferred embodiment of the present invention, will be further understood that purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage, same or analogous unit adopts identical label to represent in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 a and 1b show a kind of hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to prior art.
Fig. 2 a and 2b show hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to the present invention's first preferred embodiment.
Fig. 3 a and 3b show hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to the present invention's second preferred embodiment.
Fig. 4 a and 4b show hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to the present invention's the 3rd preferred embodiment.
Fig. 5 a and 5b show hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to the present invention's the 4th preferred embodiment.
Fig. 6 a and 6b show hall position sensor and the family curve thereof according to the present invention's the 5th preferred embodiment.
Embodiment
In the hall position sensor of above-mentioned prior art, because the magnetic field intensity B of gas length D and permanent magnet is constant, have only the area S of permanent magnet and Hall element apparent surface lap to change, therefore limited the sensing range of sensor along with the variation of permanent magnet and Hall element relative position.Core concept of the present invention is to make the variation of hall element output voltage also the variation with air gap shape (being the space distribution of lap gas length) is relevant, therefore can't characterize at overlapping area S and still can characterize when relative position changes by air gap shape, can expand the variation range of relative position thus, it should be understood that, in the present invention, the variation of overlapping area and the variation of air gap shape can take place simultaneously, also can be when overlapping area changes air gap shape constant, can also be air gap shape when changing overlapping area constant.In addition, by design air gap shape, overlapping area and the suitable syntagmatic of output voltage three, can obtain required relative position and the corresponding relation between the hall element output voltage.
Below by several preferred embodiments hall position sensor of the present invention is described.In the following embodiments, all suppose the permanent magnet motion and the Hall element transfixion, but it is worthy of note, also Hall element can be installed on the workpiece and the permanent magnet transfixion, or even Hall element and permanent magnet all move, and this three substantially is of equal value, though so instructions is following in describing is example with first kind of situation only, but with regard to spirit of the present invention and essence, be construed as and comprise all three kinds of situations.
First preferred embodiment
Fig. 2 a and 2b show the principle of work according to the hall position sensor of the present invention's first preferred embodiment, this hall position sensor comprises permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2, wherein, permanent magnet 1 is installed on the motion workpiece, and the width L of permanent magnet 1 is greater than the width W of Hall element 2.Shown in Fig. 2 a, but permanent magnet 1 is all permanent magnet plane, plane with Hall element 2 facing surfaces is high right low inclined-plane (relative level direction of motion left), a left side, promptly the normal on two planes is certain included angle, and permanent magnet 1 still moves along the direction X that is parallel to Hall element 2 surfaces.
Fig. 2 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x).When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 from 0 when W changes, overlapping area S is increasing, and causes output voltage V (x) to increase thus.It is worthy of note that in the present embodiment, air gap shape is also changing, particularly, permanent magnet surfaces is more little the closer to the gas length of starting position part, in other words, the gas length of the lap that increases newly is constantly reducing, and causes output voltage V (x) further to increase thus.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by W when L changes, though overlapping area S no longer increases, air gap shape is still changing, particularly, lap gas length is everywhere still constantly reducing, and causes output voltage V (x) to continue to increase until maximal value thus.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by L when L+W changes, overlapping area S begins to reduce, lap gas length everywhere is constant, causes output voltage V (x) constantly to reduce until being 0 thus.
Therefore present embodiment changes high right low inclined-plane (level direction of motion left relatively), a left side by the surface with permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 into by the plane, and sensing range is widened 0～L+W from 0～2W.
Second preferred embodiment
Fig. 3 a and 3b show the principle of work according to the hall position sensor of the present invention's second preferred embodiment.Shown in Fig. 3 a, the difference of the present embodiment and first embodiment is that permanent magnet 1 is low plane (relative level direction of motion left), a right high left side with Hall element 2 facing surfaces.
Fig. 3 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x).When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 from 0 when W changes, overlapping area S is increasing, and causes output voltage V (x) to increase thus.It is worthy of note, in the present embodiment, air gap shape is also changing, though it is different with first embodiment, permanent magnet surfaces is big more the closer to the gas length of starting position part, that is, the gas length of the lap that increases newly is in continuous increase, but this speed that output voltage V (x) is increased reduces.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by W when L changes, though overlapping area S no longer increase because lap gas length everywhere still in continuous increase, causes output voltage V (x) to begin to reduce thus.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by L when L+W changes, overlapping area S begins to reduce, lap gas length everywhere is constant, causes output voltage V (x) constantly to reduce until being 0 thus.
Therefore present embodiment changes low inclined-plane (level direction of motion left relatively), a right high left side by the surface with permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 into by the plane, also sensing range can be widened 0～L+W from 0～2W.
The 3rd preferred embodiment
Fig. 4 a and 4b show the principle of work according to the hall position sensing China ink of the present invention's the 3rd preferred embodiment.Shown in Fig. 4 a, the difference of the present embodiment and first embodiment is that permanent magnet 1 is the high right low curved surface (relative level direction of motion left) in a left side with Hall element 2 facing surfaces.
Fig. 4 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x), and its principle of work and sensing range are identical with first and second embodiment's, therefore repeat no more.But because the permanent magnet apparent surface be curved surface, so the variation that increases the gas length of lap newly no longer is linear, causes output voltage V (x) also non-linearly to increase thus and reduces.
The 4th preferred embodiment
Fig. 5 a and 5b show the principle of work according to the hall position sensor of the present invention's the 4th preferred embodiment.Shown in Fig. 5 a, the difference of the present embodiment and first embodiment is that permanent magnet 1 is the folding face with Hall element 2 facing surfaces, and wherein the planar section width on the left side is W, and the right width on folding inclined-plane down is L-W.
Fig. 5 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x), and its principle of work and sensing range are identical with the first～three embodiment's, therefore repeat no more.But because the permanent magnet apparent surface is the folding face, the variation that therefore increases the gas length of lap newly has sudden change at relative position W place, causes relation curve to be made of the different line segment of three slope over 10 thus.
In above-mentioned the first～four embodiment, permanent magnet 1 surface is Hall element 2 surfaces relatively, it all is non-horizontal surface, the direction of motion of permanent magnet 1 then is parallel to Hall element 2 surfaces, thereby make during relative motion, when permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 apparent surface's lap area no changes, lap gas length is everywhere changing, thereby has expanded sensing range.In addition, by suitable design, can obtain required relative position and the corresponding relation between the output voltage to permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 surface configurations.
The 5th preferred embodiment
Fig. 6 a and 6b show the principle of work according to the hall position sensor of the present invention's the 4th preferred embodiment.Shown in Fig. 6 a, the difference of present embodiment and aforementioned prior art hall position sensor is that the moving direction X of permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 surfaces are an angle.
Fig. 6 b shows the position x of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2 in this hall position sensor and the relation between Hall element 2 output voltage V (x).When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 from 0 when W changes, not only overlapping area S is increasing, and air gap shape is also changing, particularly, in the present embodiment, lap gas length everywhere equates and reduces with amplitude ground, causes output voltage V (x) to increase thus.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by W when L changes, though overlapping area S no longer increases, lap gas length is everywhere still constantly reducing, and causes output voltage V (x) to continue to increase to maximal value thus.When the relative position of permanent magnet 1 by L when L+W changes, overlapping area S begins to reduce, lap gas length is everywhere still reducing, reduce output voltage influence if overlapping area S this moment reduces that output voltage influence is surpassed the lap gas length, then output voltage V (x) will constantly reduce until being 0; If overlapping area S this moment reduces that output voltage influence is weaker than the lap gas length and reduces output voltage influence, then shown in Fig. 6 b, output voltage V (x) still will constantly increase, reducing that until overlapping area S output voltage influence is surpassed the lap gas length and reduce output voltage influence is just begun to reduce, is 0 at last.
Equally, by changing non-parallelly by parallel the direction of motion of permanent magnet 1 relative Hall element 2, sensing range is widened 0～L+W from 0～2W in the present embodiment.
In above-mentioned the 5th embodiment, permanent magnet 1 surface Hall element 2 surfaces relatively is a surface level, but the direction of motion of permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 air spots are capable.Thereby make that during relative motion when permanent magnet 1 and Hall element 2 apparent surface's lap area no changes, lap gas length is everywhere also changing, thereby has expanded sensing range.
But enforcement of the present invention is not limited only to above-mentioned several mode, for example can both make the surface of the relative Hall element of permanent magnet is non-parallel face, make the direction of motion and the Hall element air spots of permanent magnet capable again, this also can expand sensing range, and the corresponding relation of relative position and output voltage is provided as required.And in the above-described embodiments, only change permanent magnet surfaces into non-parallel face, in fact also can make the Hall element surface simultaneously for on-plane surface, as long as make that lap gas length everywhere changes when permanent magnet and Hall element apparent surface lap area no change.
Claims (4)
1. hall position sensor, it comprises permanent magnet and Hall element, and the output voltage of Hall element changes with the variation of itself and permanent magnet relative position, gas length is everywhere changed with the relative motion between permanent magnet and the Hall element, it is characterized in that described permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are curved surface.
2. hall position sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are the folding face.
3. hall position sensor, it comprises permanent magnet and Hall element, and the output voltage of Hall element changes with the variation of itself and permanent magnet relative position, gas length is everywhere changed with the relative motion between permanent magnet and the Hall element, it is characterized in that, described permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are parallel surface, and the direction of motion of permanent magnet and Hall element air spots are capable.
4. hall position sensor, it comprises permanent magnet and Hall element, and the output voltage of Hall element changes with the variation of itself and permanent magnet relative position, gas length is everywhere changed with the relative motion between permanent magnet and the Hall element, it is characterized in that, described permanent magnet and Hall element facing surfaces are non-parallel face, and the direction of motion of permanent magnet and Hall element air spots are capable.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031158765A CN1293366C (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-03-19 | Hall position sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB031158765A CN1293366C (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-03-19 | Hall position sensor |
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| CN1532513A CN1532513A (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| CN1293366C true CN1293366C (en) | 2007-01-03 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4911889B2 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2012-04-04 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Relative position detection device and saddle riding type vehicle |
| CN100338430C (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-09-19 | 重庆交通学院 | Non-contact type method for linear measurement of straight displacement through Hall effect |
| DE102008011615A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-10-29 | Beru Ag | linear sensor |
| JP5961414B2 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2016-08-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Throttle opening detection device |
| CN106289590A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-04 | 扬州大祺自动化技术有限公司 | Forcing press punching press tonnage monitoring device |
| CN106441064B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2020-01-31 | 广东百合医疗科技股份有限公司 | method and equipment for measuring displacement by magnetic seam |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4570118A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1986-02-11 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Company | Angular position transducer including permanent magnets and Hall Effect device |
| US4943772A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1990-07-24 | Alshtom | Hall effect position sensor for a railway vehicle axle |
| JPH085809A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-12 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Inc | Capsule type reflection sheet |
| JPH09231889A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Position detecting sensor |
| US5670876A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-09-23 | Fisher Controls International, Inc. | Magnetic displacement sensor including first and second flux paths wherein the first path has a fixed reluctance and a sensor disposed therein |
| US5814985A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1998-09-29 | Moving Magnet Technologies S.A. | Incremental sensor of speed and/or position for detecting low and null speeds |
| US6175233B1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 2001-01-16 | Cts Corporation | Two axis position sensor using sloped magnets to generate a variable magnetic field and hall effect sensors to detect the variable magnetic field |
| US6396259B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-05-28 | Nartron Corporation | Electronic throttle control position sensor |
-
2003
- 2003-03-19 CN CNB031158765A patent/CN1293366C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4570118A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1986-02-11 | Gulf & Western Manufacturing Company | Angular position transducer including permanent magnets and Hall Effect device |
| US4943772A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1990-07-24 | Alshtom | Hall effect position sensor for a railway vehicle axle |
| JPH085809A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-12 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Inc | Capsule type reflection sheet |
| US5814985A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1998-09-29 | Moving Magnet Technologies S.A. | Incremental sensor of speed and/or position for detecting low and null speeds |
| US5670876A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-09-23 | Fisher Controls International, Inc. | Magnetic displacement sensor including first and second flux paths wherein the first path has a fixed reluctance and a sensor disposed therein |
| JPH09231889A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Position detecting sensor |
| US6175233B1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 2001-01-16 | Cts Corporation | Two axis position sensor using sloped magnets to generate a variable magnetic field and hall effect sensors to detect the variable magnetic field |
| US6396259B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-05-28 | Nartron Corporation | Electronic throttle control position sensor |
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