CN1293222C - Easy cut by flame abrasion-resistant steel in high rigidity, in toughness and preparation method - Google Patents
Easy cut by flame abrasion-resistant steel in high rigidity, in toughness and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1293222C CN1293222C CNB2003101190344A CN200310119034A CN1293222C CN 1293222 C CN1293222 C CN 1293222C CN B2003101190344 A CNB2003101190344 A CN B2003101190344A CN 200310119034 A CN200310119034 A CN 200310119034A CN 1293222 C CN1293222 C CN 1293222C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an easy cut by flame steel plate with high hardness, high toughness and wear resistance, which is characterized in that the steel plate contains Fe and additional elements of the following weight percentage: 0.10 to 0.17% of C, 0.05 to 0.55% of Si, 0.80 to 1.60% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.10% of Nb, 0.005 to 0.03% of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.003% of B and 0.05 to 1.0% of Cr, and can be additionally added with at least one of the following groups of additional elements: 0.05 to 0.8% of Ni, 0.05 to 0.60% of Mo, 0.01 to 0.06% of Al, 0.05 to 0.50% of Cu, 0.01 to 0.10% of V, 0.00001 to 0.006% of Ca, 0.00001 to 0.02% of REM and 0.00001 to 0.006 % of Mg. A post rolling on line direct cooling and quenching technology or a post rolling off line quenching technology is adopted; temperature which are at least the temperature of Ar3 transition points are processed with quenching into quenching finish temperatures which are below Ms transition points by using a cooling speed which is at least 10 DEG C/second, so that hardness HB is at least 320, and dynamic ductility Akv-40 DEG C is at least 30J. The easy cut by flame steel plate with wear resistance and good welding performance can be used for northern areas in winter.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to sheet metal, a kind of hardness HB 〉=320 are provided especially, impelling strength Akv-40 ℃ 〉=30J, have the wear-resisting steel plate and the technology of preparing thereof of easy flame cutting and good welds performance in the winter time.
Background technology:
Wear-resisting steel plate is widely used in the carriage bottom plate of scraper bowl, dozer arc, wagon tremie of the shovel loader edge of shovel, excavator in the engineering machinery and coal mine machinery middle scraper conveyor etc., and consumption is huge.Make wear-resisting steel plate at present two kinds of methods arranged:
First method is utilized the combination of low-carbon and low-alloy chemical ingredients, adopts rolling back off-line to quench and adds the tempering method manufacturing.
Its chemical ingredients such as table 1:
Table 1
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ti | B |
| 0.16～ 0.21 | 0.20～ 0.50 | 1.0～ 1.5 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.015 | 0.4～ 0.7 | 0.25～ 0.35 | 0.01～ 0.03 | 0.0005 ～ 0.003 |
Thermal treatment process is:
Steel plate rolls the back off-line, adopts 900～930 ℃ to reheat afterwards in roller press type quenching machine water-cooled to room temperature reheat to 400～450 ℃ tempering.
Mechanical property such as table 2:
Table 2
| Rp0.2，MPa | Rm，MPa | A，％ | HB | Akv-40，J |
| ≥900 | ≥1080 | ≥10 | 320～400 | ≤30 |
Flame cutting cold crack based on sentiment classification is as follows:
High-strength steel plate envrionment temperature in the winter time hangs down when carrying out flame cutting under the situation, produces delayed cracking for avoiding steel plate flame cutting face, need take the preceding preheating of steel plate cutting, and preheating temperature Tph calculation formula can select for use (1) formula to express.
Tph＝500〔Ceq(1+0.0002t)-0.45〕
1/2------------------------------------(1)
In the formula: Ceq is the cutting carbon equivalent
Ceq＝C+0.155(Cr+Mo)+0.14(Mn+V)+0.11Si+0.045(Ni+Cu)-----------(2)
T is a thickness of slab.
If press composition range in the table 1, chemical ingredients is got lower limit, both C:0.19 Si:0.3 Mn:1.2Cr:0.5 Mo:0.28 substitution (2) formulas, the Ceq value:
Ceq＝C+0.155(Cr+Mo)+0.14(Mn+V)+0.11Si+0.045(Ni+Cu)
＝0.19+0.155(0.5+0.28)+0.14(1.2+0)+0.11×0.3
＝0.51
When thickness of slab≤100mm, the 0.0002t item can be ignored, at last the Tph value:
Tph＝500〔Ceq-0.45〕
1/2
＝500〔0.51-0.45〕
1/2
＝122(℃)
By as seen above-mentioned; when this kind wear-resisting steel plate carries out flame cutting at Chinese north of china in winter; need preheating more than 120 ℃; otherwise steel plate is under the low situation of envrionment temperature; adopt normal flame cutting condition; promptly do not adopt preheating or after heat measure, after the steel plate cutting, easily produce serious delayed cracking at the flame cutting face.And steel plate is taked preheating measure more than 100 ℃ before flame cutting, is very difficulty and cost costliness, and the user can't take this measure.In fact, reason Just because of this, this kind wear-resisting steel plate northern area in the winter time uses, and steel plate flame cutting face produces a large amount of delayed crackings, has caused enormous economic loss to user and steel mill.
Second method is utilized bainite structure, adds low-temperaturetempering after employing is rolled.
Chemical ingredients such as table 3:
Table 3
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
| 0.16～ 0.22 | 1.40～ 1.70 | 1.8～ 2.2 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.015 | 0.5～ 0.8 | 0.4～ 0.60 |
Thermal treatment process is:
Steel plate rolls back air cooling, reheat to 350 ℃ tempering.
Mechanical property such as table 4:
Table 4
| Rp0.2，MPa | Rm，MPa | A，％ | HB | Akv-40，J |
| ≥900 | ≥1080 | ≥10 | 320～420 | ≤30 |
Flame cutting cold crack based on sentiment classification is as follows:
If press table 3 composition range, chemical ingredients is got lower limit, both C:0.17 Si:1.5 Mn:2.0Cr:0.5 Mo:0.5 substitution (2) formulas, the Ceq value:
Ceq＝C+0.155(Cr+Mo)+0.14(Mn+V)+0.11Si+0.045(Ni+Cu)
＝0.17+0.155(0.5+0.5)+0.14(2+0)+0.11×1.5
＝0.77
Tph＝500〔Ceq-0.45〕
1/2
＝500〔0.77-0.45〕
1/2
＝282(℃)
As seen by above-mentioned, this steel carries out the steel plate flame cutting at Chinese north of china in winter, and steel plate needs preheating more than 280 ℃.
In a word, present domestic wear-resisting steel plate, though have higher intensity, impelling strength is lower, and because the cutting carbon equivalent is higher, causes under the low situation of envrionment temperature, when carrying out normal flame cutting operation, easily produces serious cut surface delayed cracking.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention seeks to produce a kind of hardness HB 〉=320 by rational chemical design and special control water quenching technology technology, impelling strength Akv-40 ℃ 〉=30J, northern area in the winter time, wear-resisting steel plate with easy flame cutting and good welds performance.
Generally, local heating during cutting and cooling influence the distribution of cut end hardness, in the winter time under the low situation of envrionment temperature, carry out flame cutting than Plate Steel, cause flame cutting face heat affected zone 2～3mm scope internal cooling speed to be exceedingly fast, if Ceq is higher for the high tensile steel plate carbon equivalent, flame cutting face heat affected zone will be quenched to martensitic stucture this moment, cause the sclerosis of cut surface heat affected zone, plasticity, toughness descend, under the effect of flame cutting thermal stresses, cut surface very easily produces delayed cracking.If steel plate has lower plasticity and toughness again, then steel plate stops the crack propagation ability lower, and the cut surface delayed cracking very easily produces expansion so.
According to (1) formula, envrionment temperature is than under the low situation in the winter time in order to make the high rigidity steel plate, and normal flame cutting does not produce delayed cracking, must control the steel grade chemical ingredients, makes it cut carbon equivalent Ceq≤0.46%.For guaranteeing that wear-resisting steel plate has higher hardness and higher plasticity and toughness simultaneously, must take special thermal treatment process, make steel plate be cooled to a certain suitable final cooling temperature from the austenitic area rapid quenching, martensite and a spot of bainite structure can be obtained, the control water quenching technology technology of abundant self-tempering can be realized again.
In view of the above, the present invention specifically provides the wear-resisting steel plate of the easy flame cutting of a kind of high hardness high toughness, it is characterized in that: this steel plate contains the interpolation element of iron and following weight per-cent, (except that specializing, all being weight percentage among the present invention):
0.10％～0.17％C，
0.05％～0.55％Si，
0.80％～1.60％Mn，
0.01％～0.10％Nb，
0.005％～0.03％Ti，
0.0005％～0.003％B
0.05％～1.0％Cr。
In the wear-resisting steel plate of the easy flame cutting of high hardness high toughness of the present invention, can also contain at least a interpolation element that is selected from down group in addition:
0.05％～0.8％Ni，
0.05％～0.60％Mo，
0.01％～0.06％Al，
0.05％～0.50％Cu，
0.01％～0.10％V，
0.00001％～0.006％Ca，
0.00001％～0.02％REM，
0.00001％～0.006％Mg。
When using in the winter time, in the wear-resisting steel plate of the easy flame cutting of high hardness high toughness of the present invention, described composition also should satisfy following condition,
C+0.155(Cr+Mo)+0.14(Mn+V)+0.11Si+0.045(Ni+Cu)≤0.46％。
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of a kind of above-mentioned high hardness high toughness, it is characterized in that steel plate rolling after finishing temperature greater than Ar3; Steel plate after the hot rolling is quenched from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point with at least 10 ℃/seconds cooling rate, and the quenching finishing temperature is that the Ms transition point is to room temperature.
The invention provides the preparation method of the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of another above-mentioned high hardness high toughness, after it is characterized in that the steel plate rolling cooling, reheat more than the Ac3, quench from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point with at least 10 ℃/seconds cooling rates, the quenching finishing temperature is that the Ms transition point is to room temperature.
Among the preparation method of the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of high hardness high toughness of the present invention, the quenching finishing temperature can stop to quench between between Ms～150 ℃, with the steel plate air cooling after quenching to room temperature.
In the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of high hardness high toughness of the present invention, the effect of various alloying elements in steel and their preferred concentration range are as follows:
Carbon hardenability to steel in hardened steel plays key effect, when its content less than 0.10% the time, hardness after steel quenches will not reach HB320, and its content was greater than 0.17% o'clock, flame cutting performance and welding property to wear-resisting steel plate will produce adverse influence, and reduce the low-temperature impact toughness of steel, so the carbon content of this steel is controlled in 0.10%～0.17% scope.
The adding of silicon is that it adds upper limit is 0.55% for the intensity of deoxidation and raising steel, because too high silicone content can reduce the impelling strength of steel, and the welding property of deterioration steel.
Manganese plays the effect that improves hardening capacity, improves intensity in this steel, when its content less than 0.80% the time, the intensity of steel is low, but when its content surpasses 1.60%, the hardening capacity of steel is strong excessively, will produce adverse influence to the flame cutting performance and the welding property of wear-resisting steel plate.
The interpolation one of niobium is the crystal grain of microstructure behind the refinement steel rolling, and the intensity of steel and toughness are all improved, because in the steel plate rolling process, the separating out of the carbonitride of niobium played the effect that hinders recrystallize and suppress grain growth; The 2nd, the hardening capacity of raising steel.In order to obtain these effects, niobium minimum content in steel should not be lower than 0.01%, and its content will produce deleterious effect to welding property above 0.1%, and the preferred content of niobium is controlled at 0.03%～0.06%.
Titanium forms compact grained titanium nitride particle and promotes the refinement of microstructure by austenite crystal generation alligatoring during suppressing slab and reheating.In addition, the existence of titanium nitride particle can suppress the crystal grain generation alligatoring in the heat affected zone of commissure.Therefore, titanium has the effect of the low-temperature flexibility of improving matrix metal and weld heat-affected zone.Because titanium is fixed free nitrogen with the form of titanium nitride, so, the disadvantageous effect of titanium with regard to having prevented that nitrogen from bringing hardening capacity owing to the formation of boron nitride.For realizing above-mentioned these purposes, the titanium amount is at least about 0.005%, and it is about 0.03% that the upper limit is set at, because excessive titanium can make titanium nitride generation alligatoring and can produce the precipitation strength that the carbide of titanium brings out, these two kinds of situations all can cause damage to low-temperature flexibility.The preferred content of titanium is controlled at 0.01%～0.03%.
Boron adds in soft steel (carbon content is lower than about 0.3%) on a small quantity, and is about 0.0005%～0.003%, can improve the hardening capacity of steel significantly.The boron amount surpasses 0.003% can promote brittle particle Fe
23(C, B)
6Formation.The preferred content of boron is controlled at 0.0008%～0.002%.
Chromium generally can improve hardenability of steel, also can improve resistance to corrosion.Its content surpasses at about 1.0% o'clock, will produce adverse influence to the flame cutting performance and the welding property of wear-resisting steel plate.Preferred content is controlled at 0.15%～0.7%.
The adding of nickel promptly can improve the hardening capacity of steel, can improve low-temperature impact toughness again, but nickel add the manufacturing cost that affiliation greatly improves steel.
Molybdenum improves hardenability of steel.Its content surpasses at about 0.6% o'clock, will produce adverse influence to the flame cutting performance and the welding property of wear-resisting steel plate.
The adding of copper can improve the intensity of steel, also can improve resistance to corrosion.Its content surpasses at about 0.5% o'clock, and plate surface quality is had a negative impact.
Vanadium has the effect similar to niobium, but does not have Nb so remarkable.Its preferred content is controlled at 0.03%～0.08%.
Play desoxydatoin in the aluminium adding steel, it also is effective to the refinement of steel microscopic structure.If the aluminium add-on is too high,, has and form Al both greater than 0.06%
2O
3The tendency that class is mingled with, unfavorable to the toughness of steel.
Calcium and rare earth metal (REM) generally are used to control the form that manganese sulfide (MnS) is mingled with and improve low-temperature flexibility.For the form of control sulfide need add about 0.001% calcium or about 0.001% REM at least.Yet, if calcium contents surpass about 0.006% or REM content surpass about 0.02%, can form a large amount of CaO-CaS (a kind of calcium oxide-calcium sulfide) or REM-CAS (a kind of rare earth metal-calcium sulfide), and be transformed into big granule and big inclusion, this not only can damage the purity of steel, also can influence the welding property of steel.
Magnesium generally can form the oxide particle that tiny Mi looses, and can suppress growing up and/or promoting the ferritic formation of intracrystalline among the HAZ of crystal grain, and then raising heat affected zone toughness.For the adding that makes magnesium tells on, need add about 0.0001% magnesium at least, yet, about 0.006% if Mg content surpasses, can form thick oxide compound, the toughness in infringement HAZ district.
According to the composition design and the special preparation method of the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of high hardness high toughness of the present invention, the wear-resisting steel plate mechanical property that is obtained sees Table 5:
Table 5
| Rp0.2， MPa | Rm， MPa | A，％ | HB | Akv-40 ℃，J | 180 ℃ of clod washes, d=3a |
| ≥900 | ≥1080 | ≥10 | ≥ 320 | ≥30 | Qualified |
In a word, advantage of the present invention is:
1, the actual chemical ingredients simplicity of design of the present invention, alloying element is few, and content is low.
2, after the present invention controls shrend, do not need tempering.
3, the present invention has more satisfactory comprehensive mechanical property, not only has high rigidity, also has higher low-temperature impact toughness.
4, the present invention cuts carbon equivalent Ceq≤0.46%, under the low situation of envrionment temperature, adopts normal flame cutting condition in the winter time, does not promptly adopt preheating or after heat measure, also can not produce the cut surface delayed cracking, has flame cutting performance preferably.
Embodiment:
The embodiment of the invention can adopt following any one technology mode to realize:
1, rolls back online direct cooling (quenching) technology
According to steel plate thickness, if the online cooling apparatus cooling power in milling train rear portion is stronger, can realize rolling the online big speed of cooling controlled chilling in back, even quench cooled, then adopt this technology.Concrete processing requirement be behind the steel plate rolling finishing temperature greater than Ar3; With the steel plate after the hot rolling with at least about 10 ℃/second cooling rate from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point be quenched to be low to moderate the Ms transition point at least the quenching finishing temperature with hardened steel plate, preferred cooling rate is at least about 20 ℃/second, preferred cooling rate is at least about 30 ℃/second, even preferred cooling rate is at least about 40 ℃/second, the quenching finishing temperature is preferably between about Ms～room temperature, more preferably between about Ms～150 ℃; Stop to quench, with the steel plate air cooling after quenching to room temperature, with finishing of promoting that the steel quenching structure changes.
2, roll back off-line quenching technology
For than Plate Steel, perhaps the online cooling apparatus cooling power in steel rolling rear portion a little less than, can adopt the steel plate rolling cooling after, control water quenching technology after reheating austenitizing again.Concrete processing requirement is delivered in the process furnace after being the steel plate rolling cooling, reheats a certain suitable temp more than the Ac3, makes its complete austenitizing; After steel plate is come out of the stove, quench cooled on special-purpose quenching press, steel plate with at least about 10 ℃/second cooling rate from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point be quenched to be low to moderate the Ms transition point at least the quenching finishing temperature with hardened steel plate, preferred cooling rate is at least about 20 ℃/second, preferred cooling rate is at least about 30 ℃/second, even preferred cooling rate is at least about 40 ℃/second, and the quenching finishing temperature is preferably between about Ms～room temperature, more preferably between about Ms～150 ℃; Stop to quench, the steel plate air cooling after quenching to room temperature, to promote finishing of steel quenching structure transformation, can be realized abundant self-tempering again, subtract undertissue's transformation stress.
Embodiment
Concrete composition, technology, performance see Table 6,7:
Table 6
| Steel | Chemical ingredients (%) | |||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | Ti | B | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | Al | V | |
| A | 0.11 | 0.20 | 1.10 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.04 | 0.015 | 0.0012 | 0.55 | - | 0.35 | - | 0.02 | - |
| B | 0.12 | 0.18 | 1.12 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.035 | 0.017 | 0.0010 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.33 | - | - | - |
| C | 0.10 | 0.19 | 1.21 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.0015 | 0.57 | - | 0.36 | 0.25 | - | - |
| D | 0.12 | 0.20 | 1.25 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | 0.03 |
| E | 0.13 | 0.20 | 1.24 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.035 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.3 | - | 0.25 | - | 0.015 | - |
Table 7
| Steel | Technology | Rp0.2 Mpa | Rm Mpa | A % | HB | Akv-40 ℃ J | 180 ° of d=3a of clod wash | Cut-10 ℃ of fragility tests |
| A | The 230mm steel billet, 1150 ℃ of heating are rolled into the 30mm steel plate, and air cooling is to room temperature.Reheat to 920 ℃ heated 75 minutes, and the quench cooled of coming out of the stove is to room temperature. | 1000 | 1100 | 12 | 350 | 50 | Qualified | Qualified |
| B | The 230mm steel billet, 1150 ℃ of heating are rolled into the 40mm steel plate, and air cooling is to room temperature.Reheat to 920 ℃ heated 100 minutes, the quench cooled to 150 of coming out of the stove ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature. | 950 | 1150 | 13 | 360 | 45 | Qualified | Qualified |
| C | The 230mm steel billet, 1150 ℃ of heating are rolled into the 30mm steel plate, and air cooling is to room temperature.Reheat to 920 ℃ heated 70 minutes, the quench cooled to 200 of coming out of the stove ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature. | 930 | 1140 | 12 | 340 | 60 | Qualified | Qualified |
| D | The 230mm steel billet, 1150 ℃ of heating, be rolled into the 18mm steel plate, 880 ℃ of finishing temperatures, roll back direct quenching, open 840 ℃ of cold temperature, 25 ℃/S of speed of cooling, 300 ℃ of final cooling temperatures, air cooling is to room temperature. | 950 | 1100 | 15 | 350 | 55 | Qualified | Qualified |
| E | The 230mm steel billet, 1150 ℃ of heating, be rolled into the 16mm steel plate, 890 ℃ of finishing temperatures, roll back direct quenching, open 850 ℃ of cold temperature, 30 ℃/S of speed of cooling, 280 ℃ of final cooling temperatures, air cooling is to room temperature. | 940 | 1110 | 14 | 360 | 65 | Qualified | Qualified |
Claims (7)
1, the wear-resisting steel plate of the easy flame cutting of a kind of high hardness high toughness is characterized in that: this steel plate contains the interpolation element of iron and following weight per-cent:
0.10％～0.17％C，
0.05％～0.55％Si，
0.80％～1.60％Mn，
0.03％～0.06％Nb，
0.01％～0.03％Ti，
0.0008％～0.002％B，
0.15％～0.7％Cr；
And described composition satisfies:
C+0.155(Cr+Mo)+0.14(Mn+V)+0.11Si+0.045(Ni+Cu)≤0.46％。
2, according to the wear-resisting steel plate of the easy flame cutting of the described high hardness high toughness of claim 1, it is characterized in that: contain at least a interpolation element that is selected from down group in addition:
0.05％～0.8％Ni，
0.05％～0.60％Mo，
0.01％～0.06％Al，
0.05％～0.50％Cu，
0.01％～0.10％V，
0.00001％～0.006％Ca，
0.00001％～0.02％REM，
0.00001％～0.006％Mg。
3, the preparation method of a kind of claim 1 or the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of 2 described high hardness high toughness, it is characterized in that steel plate rolling after finishing temperature greater than Ar3; Steel plate after the hot rolling is quenched from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point with at least 10 ℃/seconds cooling rate, and the quenching finishing temperature is that the Ms transition point is to room temperature.
4, the preparation method of a kind of claim 1 or the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of 2 described high hardness high toughness, after it is characterized in that the steel plate rolling cooling, reheat more than the Ac3, quench from the temperature that is not less than the Ar3 transition point with at least 10 ℃/seconds cooling rates, the quenching finishing temperature is that the Ms transition point is to room temperature.
5, according to the preparation method of claim 3 or the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of 4 described high hardness high toughness, the finishing temperature that it is characterized in that quenching stops to quench between between Ms～150 ℃, with the steel plate air cooling after quenching to room temperature.
6, according to the preparation method of claim 3 or the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of 4 described high hardness high toughness, it is characterized in that at least 20 ℃/seconds of cooling rates.
7, according to the preparation method of claim 3 or the easy flame cutting wear-resisting steel plate of 4 described high hardness high toughness, it is characterized in that at least 30 ℃/seconds of cooling rates.
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